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1
Levinson, Kirill. „The Intended Readership of Early German Primers and Textbooks“. St.Tikhons' University Review. Series IV. Pedagogy. Psychology 41, Nr. 2 (30.06.2016): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiv201641.27-41.
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Cohen, Stephen D. „The reducibility theorem for linearised polynomials over finite fields“. Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 40, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1989): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700017445.
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A self-contained elementary account is given of the theorem of S. Agou that classifies all composite irreducible polynomials of the form over a finite field of characteristic p. Written to appeal to a wide readership, it is intended to complement the original rather technical proof and other contributions by the author and by Moreno.
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Kaspar, Wendi. „C&RL Spotlight“. College & Research Libraries News 78, Nr. 10 (03.11.2017): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.78.10.567.
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C&RL has selected a new social media editor in Ellen Filgo and are happy to welcome her. Through some discussions with Ellen, we have determined that there is opportunity to change the Spotlight up a little. The Spotlight has served as a kind of bridge between the scholarly, research-oriented content in C&RL and the more applied cases and best practices focus of C&RL News. While there is overlap between the readerships, the expectations of each are different. The Spotlight is intended to bring research to the attention of the C&RL News readership; however, these papers are not necessarily framed in such a way that the implications and benefits for practice are obvious. In addition, in an effort to be responsive to new forms of media and the popular venues for getting timely information, we are reframing and refocusing.
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Šimić, Marinka. „O jeziku pariškoga zbornika Code slave 73“. Fluminensia 30, Nr. 1 (2018): 153–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.30.1.4.
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In this paper we analyze the graphic and the linguistic characteristics of the 1375 Paris Miscellany (Slave 73) by examining the Psalter and the canticles. Since the author of this oldest Croato-Glagolitic miscellany, Grgur Borislavić, was from Modruš, we have studied to what extent the language of the manuscript was influenced by the Modruš vernacular. Furthermore, considering that, according to the colophons, the target audience of the manuscript were the Šibenik nuns of St Julian’s Church we have also examined to what extent the linguistic concept was affected by the intended readership of the text. Linguistic research has proven that the text was written in the Croatian Old Slavonic language with some features of the Modruš vernacular, i.e. Čakavian. It is possible that some of these linguistic features were common to both the author and the inhabitants of Šibenik. The only linguistic characteristics that indicate that the text was adapted to the readership (Šibenik nuns) are the occasional Ikavisms. The Paris Miscellany is without a peer among the Croato-Glagolitic manuscripts. Not only is it the oldest complete miscellany, but it is also the only Glagolitic codex associated with Šibenik and one of the rare miscellanies that contain Biblical texts. Both the liturgical and the textological elements confirm the uniqueness of this manuscript. Special attention should be paid to the liturgical order and the Canon which both belong to the original redaction of the Croatian Glagolitic sacramentary. Since the Paris Miscellany is the most Croaticized 14th century Croato-Glagolitic manuscript, its language is particularly distinctive. It is reasonable to assume that the intended readership affected the concept on which it was based, i.e. its modernisation, as the nuns (as opposed to priests) were not educated or taught the Church Slavonic language. In other words, this manuscript (unlike other Croato-Glagolitic psalters in breviaries) was fairly Croaticized since it needed to be adapted to its readership.
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Gruner, Charles R., Marsha W. Gruner und Lara J. Travillion. „Another Quasi-Experimental Study of Understanding/Appreciation of Editorial Satire“. Psychological Reports 69, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1991): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.731.
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College students completed a 17-item scale measuring the “propensity to argue controversial topics” and 7 other nominal-scale independent variables. They then read three editorial satires and checked which of five statements was the intended thesis of each satire's author. They also rated each satire on interestingness and funniness. Analysis indicated dependence between understanding of satire and sex and regular readership of “The Far Side.”
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Fennell, Francis (Skip). „By Way of Introduction“. Arithmetic Teacher 36, Nr. 1 (September 1988): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.1.0002.
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Did you see it? What? Why, the new subtitle, of course. Beginning with this volume, 36, the Arithrnetic Teacher will be subtitled “Mathematics Education through the Middle Grades.” Our subtitle accurately represents the content and intended audience of those articles published in the journal. The subtitle also attempts to publicize to our readership that a contemporary mathematics curriculum include attention to a variety of topic other than arithmetic.
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Freeman, Andrew J., Antony Vinh und Robert E. Widdop. „Novel approaches for treating hypertension“. F1000Research 6 (27.01.2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10117.1.
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Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a prevalent yet modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While there are many effective treatments available to combat hypertension, patients often require at least two to three medications to control blood pressure, although there are patients who are resistant to such therapies. This short review will briefly update on recent clinical advances and potential emerging therapies and is intended for a cross-disciplinary readership.
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LÉvy, Tony. „The Establishment of the Mathematical Bookshelf of the Medieval Hebrew Scholar: Translations and Translators“. Science in Context 10, Nr. 3 (1997): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700002738.
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The ArgumentThe major part of the mathematical “classics” in Hebrew were translated from Arabic between the second third of the thirteenth century and the first third of the fourteenth century, within the northern littoral of the western Mediterranean. This movement occurred after the original works by Abraham bar Hiyya and Abraham ibn Ezra became available to a wide readership. The translations were intended for a restricted audience — the scholarly readership involved in and dealing with the theoretical sciences. In some cases the translators themselves were professional scientists (e.g., Jacob ben Makhir); in other cases they were, so to speak, professional translators, dealing as well with philosophy, medicine, and other works in Arabic.In aketshing this portrait of the beginning of Herbrew scholarly mathematics, my aim has been to contribute to a better understanding of mathematical activity as such among Jewish communities during this period.
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Zhu, Kun. „The Translation of Sex-related Content in Lady Chatterley’s Lover in China“. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, Nr. 8 (01.08.2020): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1008.11.
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This article discusses how sex-related content is rendered in two Chinese translations of D. H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover: Rao Shuyi (1936) and Zhao Susu (2004). It is found that Rao’s translation features explicitness, flexibility and Europeanization, while Zhao’s translation features conservativeness and domestication. And the observed features in the two translations regarding sex-related content are explained from perspectives of social and historical background, translation purpose and intended readership, and patronage.
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Levintova, Ekaterina. „Glamorous politics or political glamour? Content analysis of political coverage in Russian glossy magazines“. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, Nr. 4 (10.10.2013): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.09.002.
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This article analyzes political and social themes of Russia’s glossy magazines which represent the few remaining public spaces for surviving freedom of speech and expression in that post-communist country. As authoritarian nature of Russian political system deepens, the democratic openings often appear in unexpected places. Content analysis of two glamour monthlies, one (GQ-Russian Edition) intended for male audience, another (Cosmopolitan-Russia) – for female readership, shows consistently oppositional (anti-Putin) thrust of both publications, but also persistent political gender stereotypes. Analysis of these publications, intended for Russia’s nascent urban class – traditionally a social strata most associated with democratic impulses – provides an important explanation behind recent democratic protest activities in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
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Brunner, Marie-Louise. „‘You’ll need help from your adult assistant’: Readership accommodation in children’s recipes“. Text & Talk 39, Nr. 4 (26.07.2019): 441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-2035.
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Abstract This article investigates how children’s recipes are adapted structurally and linguistically for their young readership. It is based on comparative data, using 24 children’s and 24 adults’ versions of the same recipes, and additional online and printed children’s recipes as reference. Even though recipes have been researched extensively, research on recipes for children in particular is rare. Based on general research on facilitation methods in recipe writing, the article analyzes how children, as the target readership, are accommodated in the analyzed recipes and how they differ from recipes intended for adults. Findings suggest that children’s recipes often have an appealing title, are more detailed and clearer, and use visual support. There is a tendency to reduce presuppositions and include additional advice. However, they seem less consistent than adult recipes and, in contrast to the general trend for accommodation, often use technical terminology without further explanations. The request for an adult helper distinguishes children’s from adults’ recipes and serves as a differentiating feature. These findings indicate that children’s recipes are adapted to the particular context and needs of a young and inexperienced audience.
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Price, Jack. „Editorial: Hail and Farewell“. Teaching Children Mathematics 1, Nr. 1 (September 1994): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.1.1.0006.
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This month we must say farewell to an old friend. After forty–one volumes, the Arithmetic Teacher (AT) will no longer be appearing. In its place we welcome volume 1, number 1 of Teaching Children Mathematics (TCM), a vibrant new journal having a different focus from the Arithmetic Teacher. Targeting the mathematics education of a younger age group—prekindergarten through sixth grade—the new journal boasts a renewed and invigorated general outlook and style and several new departments to serve its intended readership. This metamorphosis required a new name.
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Woźny, Karolina. „Czytelnictwo więźniów w Zakładzie Karnym w Rawiczu“. Studia o Książce i Informacji (dawniej: Bibliotekoznawstwo) 36 (05.07.2018): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7729.36.11.
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Readership of prisoners in the Rawicz prisonA prison library is an institution intended to provide convicts with access to literature, culture, and education. In Poland, the approach to functions of prisons and prison libraries changed with political system transformation. After 1989 the penology was modified from the repressive model to the rehabilitative one. Prisoners can participate in cultural events, such as theatre performances, book clubs and prison newspapers publishing. Such involvement should be based on well-equipped library supervised by aqualified librarian. The reality is different, but statistics of Central Statistical Office of Poland GUS reveal that prison libraries in Poland are constantly developing. The author of the work conducted the survey in the prison in Rawicz aimed at the exploration of prisoners’ readership. The analysis involved 50 individuals. According to the study’s results, convicts consider the library as anecessary institution, which they use willingly. Most of the respondents admitted that they read books, while almost all of them reported reading the press. The most popular literary genres among the surveyed turned out to be fantastic and detective stories.
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Foskolou, Vicky. „Decoding Byzantine ekphraseis on works of art. Constantine Manasses’s description of earth and its audience“. Byzantinische Zeitschrift 111, Nr. 1 (01.02.2018): 71–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2018-0004.
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Abstract The study deals with ekphraseis on works of art and poses the question as to how far these texts can be a reliable source for the study or even the reconstruction of the artefacts they describe. Based on reception theory and readerresponse criticism, in the paper is proposed that as every text, byzantine ekphraseis on artworks presuppose an audience or readership, i. e. the one the author had in mind and on the basis of which he encoded his message. In order to decode this message and by extension to extract any information about the described works of art we must aim to discover their “intended reader”, and identify his or her “horizon of expectations. This proposal is tested in the study of a well known piece of this kind, Manasses’s description of a mosaic floor with a depiction of Earth. The author’s dialogue with the earlier tradition of ekphraseis, his readership’s “horizon of expectations” combined with historical facts, allow us to suppose that Manasses is describing a composition with Xenia scenes and an asarotos motif (unswept floor) created in the early byzantine period and preserved in the Great Palace of Constantinople up to the twelfth century.
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Scherstjanoi, Elke. „Everyday Life of the Victors in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany in the Memoirs of Participants in the Events“. Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 4, Nr. 4 (2020): 1174–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2020-4-4-3.
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Many years of work resulted in a book on the everyday life of Soviet military and civil personnel of the Soviet occupation forces and administration in Germany in 1945–49. The current state of research does not allow a generalized socio-cultural overview as yet, but contemporary witnesses can provide us with interesting ego-sources. Twelve of such sources, flanked by rare photographs, were compiled into a book which is intended for broad readership in Germany and suggests a multi-perspective view of the new beginning in Germany after the end of the war in 1945. The article contains a fragment of the introduction to the book.
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Eubank, Lynn. „THE ACQUISITION OF SECOND-LANGUAGE SYNTAX. Susan Braidi. London: Arnold, 1999. Pp. x + 221. $70.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.“ Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2000): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s027226310026405x.
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Braidi's new textbook is intended to provide an overview of multiple perspectives on the acquisition of second language syntax to “applied linguistics students” and “prospective L2 teachers” (preface, p. vii). After an introduction that lays a good deal of historical and conceptual groundwork, we find a chapter on “first-language and second-language interrelations” and then the core of the volume comprising a chapter each on Universal Grammar (UG) perspectives, perspectives based in typological universals, processing approaches, and functional approaches. She ends with a conclusion that summarizes major findings and discusses implications for her readership. The text includes fairly extensive references as well as name, language, and subject indexes.
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Biship, Ralph. „Sources“. Practicing Anthropology 7, Nr. 3 (01.07.1985): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.7.3.xt66617q426p607r.
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Sources is a regular feature of Practicing Anthropology designed to inform the readership about the activities of the Applied Anthropology Documentation Project at the University of Kentucky. The Project, sponsored by the Society for Applied Anthropology, the Society of Professional Anthropologists and the Washington Association of Professional Anthropologists, is an archive collection of materials produced by applied anthropologists and other social scientists interested in solving human problems with their professional skills. The collection includes technical reports, social impact assessments, evaluation reports, curriculum descriptions and some proposals. The collection is intended to serve as a source for practicing anthropologists, students, and people concerned with the history of applied anthropology.
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Thompson, Geoff. „Intersubjectivity in newspaper editorials“. English Text Construction 5, Nr. 1 (20.04.2012): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.5.1.05tho.
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In this article, I take a discoursal perspective on intersubjectivity, exploring ways in which intersubjective meanings may be realized across texts, and the kinds of effects that arise from the combination of different forms. In particular, I focus on how writers may exploit intersubjective choices to enact interaction with their intended audience. I carry out an illustrative analysis on a small corpus of editorials from two British newspapers, one quality and one popular; and I demonstrate that there is clear connections between the readership of the two newspapers as described on their audience demographic webpages and the ways in which the editorial writers deploy the resources of interactant reference, mood and modality to construe different kinds of audience.
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Ford, Jennifer. „Taboo Teens and Ancient Adults: Overpopulation Motifs in Fictional Literature for Children and Young People“. Oxford Literary Review 38, Nr. 1 (Juli 2016): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/olr.2016.0178.
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Literature for children and young people is uniquely positioned in terms of intended readership and literary genres such as the young adult dystopian novel to scrutinise intergenerational and human fertility issues associated with overpopulation. However, fictional texts that explore overpopulation have a narrative form that is unstable and unreliable due to prevailing conventions of subjectivity and optimism in children's and young adult literature. Derrida's last interview, Learning to Live, is pertinent to an understanding of motifs of overpopulation in literature for children and young people. Derrida's recognition of the ‘rights’ of future and present generations, and of the temporal intergenerational problems between parent as child, and child as parent, are explored in recent fictional texts for children and young people.
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Gee, Lisa. „‘A Task enough to make one frantic’: William Hayley’s Memorialising“. European Journal of Life Writing 9 (06.07.2020): LW&D35—LW&D55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.9.36899.
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This paper explores Hayley’s approach to, and writing about, memorialising, focusing on his manuscript collection of epitaphs, his letters to Anna Seward about her epitaph on Lady Miller, and his memoirs and biographies. How typical was he of late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century memorialists? What does his writing about death—and his writing about writing about death—tell us about how his contemporaries were supposed to feel and express their feelings about the dead? How do his works illustrate what he and his contemporaries were expected to reveal or conceal about the dead, and about the living? How different, in that respect, were the works designed to be read by the public from those intended only for the deceased’s nearest and dearest? How did the author’s death change the expected readership?
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Coppieters, Steff, Danny Praet, Annelies Bossu und Maarten Taveirne. „Martyrdom, Literary Experiment and Church Politics in Jerome’s Epistula Prima, to Innocentius, on the septies percussa“. Vigiliae Christianae 68, Nr. 4 (18.09.2014): 384–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341196.
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Jerome’s Epistula prima is a remarkably hybrid text. It contains a miraculous account of the trial and failed execution of a woman from Vercelli, who is falsely accused of adultery and eventually saved from further persecution by Jerome’s patron, Evagrius of Antioch. In our article we discuss the martyrological and novelistic elements of Jerome’s text and analyze how he related a cruel, but trivial trial with anonymous protagonists to contemporary Church politics and gave it an ascetical undertone. Furthermore, we link these elements to the interests of Jerome’s intended readership. Overall, we argue that Jerome wrote the Epistula prima not only as a hyper-rhetorical showcase to advertise himself as a Christian writer or to eulogize Evagrius, but that he included subtle yet meaningful literary and ideological references in his text.
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Scott Hendrickson, D. „Grave Matters: Juan Eusebio Nieremberg’s Partida a la eternidad (1643) and Jesuit Approaches to Death in Early Modern Spain“. Journal of Jesuit Studies 8, Nr. 4 (03.09.2021): 638–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-08040006.
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Abstract This article examines the key themes in Juan Eusebio Nieremberg’s Partida a la eternidad and its relationship to the Jesuit production of ars moriendi tracts in early modern Spain. Special attention is given to the intended readership of this and other similar texts, the focus Nieremberg places on the reading of devotional books and treatises, and the manner in which Jesuit death manuals came to reflect the emerging apostolic goals and the spiritual tradition in the Society of Jesus around the time of its first centenary. Here, the author highlights Nieremberg’s inclusion of imaginative and visual contemplations, his approach to condemnation and hell, and the rhetoric he develops around the joy and delight readers are invited to experience in the actual, or imagined, states of illness and dying.
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Grendler, Paul F. „Form and Function in Italian Renaissance Popular Books“. Renaissance Quarterly 46, Nr. 3 (1993): 451–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3039102.
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Form and Function are Closely connected in books. The physical appearance of books indicates purpose and intended readership. A combination of size, type, and page layout offers visible signals informing the reader of the content before he begins to read a book. Books that look different are different. They have different subject matters, purposes, and readerships.Anyone browsing in a bookstore in the late twentieth century knows this. Today an illustration on the cover provides the most obvious clue concerning the subject matter and purpose of a book. When the cover shows a handsome man with a scowl on his face and a gun in his hand along with a beautiful young woman in distress—and possibly some degree of undress—we know that the book is a “thriller.” When the cover shows a spaceship, we know that the book is science fiction.
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Bloemendal, Jan. „Erasmus’ Paraphrases on the New Testament“. Erasmus Studies 36, Nr. 2 (2016): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-03602003.
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In 1516 Erasmus published his new Latin translation of the New Testament. After that he started to write his paraphrases of all books, except Apocalypse. This introduction gives a state of the art. It will be first discussed when and where Erasmus wrote his paraphrases, which were composed between May 1517 and January 1524 when he was also reworking his Novum Instrumentum/ Novum Testamentum. The next issue treated is what kind of work they are, being a kind of commentary, but also an aid for preachers to bring the New Testament to their audience. This is related to the aim Erasmus had with his ‘New Testament project’: to advance the philosophia Christi and Christian piety, and his intended or implied readership, theologians. He used several sources to bring his interpretations of the biblical stories in line with the exegetical tradition.
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Ramli, Sulhah, und Arnida A. Bakar. „Domestication as Strategy in Translating Religious Cultural Elements into English“. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, Nr. 8 (10.08.2021): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.940.
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People with different beliefs and religions around the world discovered that Quran enlightens the way of life. Therefore, it results in emergence of progressive efforts of translating this sacred text into many languages that has been carried out particularly in 20th century. However, translating sacred text is far more difficult than other type of texts. There are religious culture-specific-items that carry peculiar meaning and must be translated into appropriate equivalent in target culture. Thus, the meaning encompassed in that equivalent, and the description that characterized the meaning will be compatible with its original. Moreover, translating these items by applying domestication strategy will bring the text close to the target reader. It is because the equivalent provided in target language is familiar and well-known to the readership. Yet, this strategy puts the cultural gap to its intended meaning, especially when the text is related to the religious culture-specific-item, which is only known to the source readership. Therefore, the present article aims to investigate the domestication strategy in translating religious cultural elements into English. This study is qualitative, and the data are analyzed descriptively using document analysis. Disclosing the meaning of domesticated equivalent, the study adopts componential analysis by Newmark (1988). The study contributes to enhancing the procedure of componential analysis by validating the cultural element categorization with experts and referring exegesis as main source in identifying the characteristic of meaning. It is found that domestication strategy can only provide the adequate meaning to the closest when it comes together with compensation strategy.
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Fricke, Johanna. „History Teaching and Cultural Hegemony“. Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 12, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2020.120104.
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In the 1960s, facing a series of transformations within Spanish society, the Franco regime modified its self-legitimation strategy and with it its portrayal of the Spanish Civil War. Based on the analysis of nine history textbooks for various levels published between 1954 and 1970, this article demonstrates that, by aiming to neutralize increasing demands for democracy, reconciliation and peace, the Franco regime incorporated elements of the corresponding discourses into its own memory discourse. The later the year of publication and the higher the age of the intended readership, the more signs of this process of incorporation appear in the textbooks. Examples of such traces can be found in the terms used to denote the Spanish Civil War, in the textbooks’ characterizations of the two opposing sides, and in their presentation of both the Francoist governmental system and the development of Spain under Francoism.
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Verseput, Donald J. „Reworking the Puzzle of Faith and Deeds in James 2.14–26“. New Testament Studies 43, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500022517.
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The natural starting point for any interpretation of the Epistle of James is its praescriptio, where the author defines for his readers their own communal identity by addressing them as ‘the twelve tribes in the diaspora’. Whatever intentions may have lurked behind the attributive expression , the peculiar designation of the authorial audience as ‘the twelve tribes’ casts the readership with surprising clarity in the role of the true Israel. Although the author does not make further comment upon the relationship of his intended readers to the dominant Judaism of his day, it is surely correct to assume that an organizational separation had occurred. The community which James elsewhere refers to as the ⋯κκλησ⋯α (5.14) and which boasts its own teachers (3.1) and elders (5.14) had most certainly set itself apart in some degree from the entity whose title it is said to possess.
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Caesar, Ann Hallamore. „About town: The city and the female reader, 1860–1900“. Modern Italy 7, Nr. 2 (November 2002): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353294022000012934.
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SummaryThe period after Italian Unification saw a marked increase in the volume of publications, magazines and books intended specifically for a female readership which was made up of girls and married women. It also saw the rise of the professional woman writer and journalist. Drawing on two of the most popular genres, the novel (in particular the domestic novel) and conduct literature, this article examines their representations of the city and urban life. It notes that while the physical transformation of major towns and cities was bringing in its wake far-reaching changes to the experience of urban life, the literature for women treats the city as an almost entirely abstract entity with few distinctive characteristics. Instead, the focus of these writings is on the drawing up of rulebooks designed to enable women to negotiate urban life without bringing opprobrium to bear on themselves or their families
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de Regt, Lénart J. „Sacrificial and Festival Terms in the Old Testament: How Can We Translate Them?“ Bible Translator 68, Nr. 2 (27.07.2017): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677017708023.
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When we render terms for sacrifices and festivals in the Old Testament, it is helpful to look at the very different ways in which translations have dealt with these groups of terms and see which of their translation methods are the most helpful for our own translation and its specific readership. This article considers renderings in the new Tatar translation of 2015 and translations in some major European languages. Translations have often not been consistent as to which translation method has been followed in this area, but it seems advisable to render sacrificial and festival terms succinctly and according to a translation method that is applied consistently and is considered to be the most suitable for the intended audience, so as to show the contrasts between these terms. The article closes with some thoughts on whether some of these methods are more accurate than others and what we mean by accuracy.
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James, Sharon L. „Women reading men: the female audience of theArs amatoria“. Cambridge Classical Journal 54 (2008): 136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500000609.
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The female readership of theArs amatoriahas been for two millennia a subject fraught with problems both historical and theoretical. For example: in antiquity, did respectable women read the poem? Almost certainly, and they were almost certainly expected to. Were they intended to? Here less certainty is possible, not only because of the problem of divining authorial intention. Did non-respectable women, the real life analogues to the poem's fictive courtesans, read theArs? Some of them – the elite ones – must have, but lower-level courtesans would have had less opportunity to acquire copies of the poem. On the textual, rather than historical, level, other questions remain, most of them unanswerable, such as the sincerity of the poem's disclaimers tomatronae, the No-Wives-Allowed signs. The deliberate textual confusion betweenmatronaandmeretrixinArs3 blurs clear distinctions and makes it impossible to tell if thepraeceptor Amorisanticipates or seeks respectable, elite women, in addition to his declared readers, the courtesans.
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Dontcheva-Navratilova, Olga. „RHETORICAL FUNCTIONS OF CITATIONS IN LINGUISTICS RESEARCH ARTICLES: A CONTRASTIVE (ENGLISH-CZECH) STUDY“. Discourse and Interaction 9, Nr. 2 (15.12.2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2016-2-51.
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This study explores the rhetorical functions of citations in a specialized corpus of linguistics English-medium research articles by Czech and Anglophone scholars. Drawing on the typologies suggested by Thompson and Tribble (2001), Petrić (2007) and Lin, Chen and Chang (2013), the purpose of the investigation is to suggest a revised taxonomy and identify the rhetorical functions of citations in the corpus. The fi ndings of the contrastive analysis of variation in the functions of citations and their distribution across the generic moves of research articles by Anglophone and Czech linguists indicates that there are divergences in the strategies they use to create intertextual connections when attributing knowledge or methods to others, relating their research to the work of others and evaluating previous research. The reasons for these divergences are related to the intended readership and the linguacultural context in which Anglophone and Czech linguists strive to construct their identities as members of the global and/or local academic community.
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Topham, Jonathan R. „The scientific, the literary and the popular: Commerce and the reimagining of the scientific journal in Britain, 1813–1825“. Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 70, Nr. 4 (21.09.2016): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2016.0027.
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As scientists question the recent dominance of the scientific journal, the varied richness of its past offers useful materials for reflection. This paper examines four innovative journals founded and run by leading publishers and men of science in the 1810s and 1820s, which contributed to a significant reimagining of the form. Relying on a new distinction between the ‘literary’ and the ‘scientific’ to define their market, those who produced the journals intended to maximize their readership and profits by making them to some extent ‘popular’. While these attempts ended in commercial failure, not least because of the rapidly diversifying periodical market in which they operated, their history makes clear the important role that commerce has played both in defining the purposes and audiences of scientific journals and in the conceptualization of the scientific project. It also informs the ongoing debate concerning how the multiple audiences for science can be addressed in ways that are commercially and practically viable.
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Türker, Deni̇z. „Hakky-Bey and His Journal Le Miroir de l’Art Musulman, or, Mirʾāt-ı ṣanāyiʿ-i islāmiye (1898)“. Muqarnas Online 31, Nr. 1 (19.10.2014): 277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-00311p11.
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A bilingual periodical published in 1898, titled Le Miroir de l’Art Musulman for its French audience and Mirʾāt-ı ṣanāyiʿ-i islāmiye for the Ottoman one, introduced its readership to the world of Islamic art in two idiosyncratic issues. A certain Hakky-Bey, the sole author behind these issues and a well-regarded antiques dealer in Paris, intended to introduce his vast collection to readers through meticulously arranged lithographs of his objects. In other words, he told the story of Islamic art through exemplary items from his collection. In parsing the contents of the journal, this article attempts to construct Hakky-Bey’s biography and reveal the sociopolitical and cultural routes, as well as the cosmopolitan networks, that shaped the unexpected trajectory of his career. As an independent Ottoman scholar, Hakky-Bey played a crucial role in the emerging field of Islamic art at the end of the nineteenth century, for which scholarship has given undue credit to European “Islamophiles.”
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Gardiner, Noah. „Esotericist Reading Communities and the Early Circulation of the Sufi Occultist Aḥmad al-Būnī’s Works“. Arabica 64, Nr. 3-4 (13.09.2017): 405–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341455.
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Abstract The Ifrīqiyan cum Cairene Sufi Aḥmad al-Būnī (d. ca 622/1225 or 630/1232-1233) is a key figure in the history of the Islamicate occult sciences, particularly with regard to the “science of letters and names” (ʿilm al-ḥurūf wa-l-asmāʾ). Drawing on textual and manuscript evidence, this paper examines the role of esotericism—religious secrecy and exclusivity—in al-Būnī’s thought and in the promulgation and early circulation of his works in Egypt and environs. It is argued that al-Būnī intended his works only for elite Sufi initiates, and that, in the century or so after his death, they indeed circulated primarily in “esotericist reading communities,” groups of learned Sufis who guarded their contents from those outside their own circles. This tendency toward esotericism, and the eventual exposure of al-Būnī’s texts to a wider readership, are contextualized in relation to broader developments in late-medieval Mediterranean culture.
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Barreiros, Bruno, und Palmira Fontes da Costa. „Materia Medica and the History of the Book in Seventeenth-Century Portugal“. Nuncius 36, Nr. 2 (23.06.2021): 394–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03602007.
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Abstract This article provides an analysis of the most successful books on materia medica printed in Portugal in the seventeenth century and their influence on subsequent works. The study is informed by methodologies and concerns from the field of the history of the book and pays particular attention to paratexts, genres as well as to physical formats. It shows that these elements were fundamental in defining intended audiences and in constructing strategies of legitimation for their authors. In addition, it assesses issues of readership by considering the marginalia preserved in some copies of these books. The investigation has also into account a significant number of manuscripts on the subject. In spite of their limited circulation, this article shows the advantage of manuscript culture in the dissemination of knowledge on materia medica. Since they could circumvent censorship, particularly in the case of chemical remedies, they reveal a more open approach towards therapeutic innovations and the integration of new ideas and practices.
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King, Richard H. „Margaret Canovan and Hannah Arendt“. Arendt Studies 4 (2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/arendtstudies20213131.
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Professor Margaret Canovan wrote two studies of the work of German-Jewish émigré political theorist, Hannah Arendt (1906-75). The first, The Political Thought of Hannah Arendt, appeared in 1974, while Hannah Arendt: A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought was published in 1992. Both were intended for the Anglophone world, especially the US and Great Britain, although Arendt’s reception was more favorable in America where she settled in 1941 than in the UK. An historian of political thought at Keele University, UK, Canovan was ideal to bring Arendt to a general academic audience not to aim at a highly specialized readership deeply grounded in German thought. Though Canovan emphasized the conservative dimensions of Arendt’s thought, her conclusion was, finally, that Arendt’s political thought was a form of modern “republicanism” not an argument for inherited political traditions or a plea for New Left radicalism. It was a plea for pluralism, as it were.
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Веретенников, Макарий. „Locum tenens of the patriarchal throne metropolitan of Kazan and Sviyazhsk Ephraim and the way of the Russian church in the Time of Troubles“. Theological Herald, Nr. 4(31) (15.10.2018): 123–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2018-31-4-123-162.
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В статье раскрывается в историческом ключе образ митрополита Казанского и Свияжского Ефрема. Рассказ о нем тесно переплетен с изложением событий Смутного времени. Митрополит Ефрем явился последователем священномученика Гермогена в крепкой защите Православия и в любви к Родине. Малый период его местоблюстительства вместил в себя очень важные для государства решения и дела. Статья призвана пробудить более глубокий интерес к личности митрополита Ефрема как у ученых, так и у широкой читательской аудитории. The article reveals the historical image of Metropolitan Ephraim of Kazan and Sviyazhsk. His story is closely intertwined with the sequence of events of the Time of Troubles. Metropolitan Ephraim was a follower of the martyr Hermogenes in his strong defense of Orthodoxy and in his love for the Motherland. The short period of his locum tenens was made up by the very important decisions and actions. The article is intended to arouse a deeper interest in the personality of Metropolitan Ephraim from both scholars and a wide readership.
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Bernotienė, Gintarė. „Intended Fallacies: Lowered Horizons, Ideological Inversions and Employed Intimacy. Translating Judita Vaičiūnaitė’s Early Poetry into Russian“. Interlitteraria 21, Nr. 1 (04.07.2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2016.21.1.6.
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The case of the translations of Lithuanian poetess Judita Vaičiūnaitė (1937–2001) early poetry into Russian clearly illustrates the damages an original literary text (and the author’s institution) bore seeking to gain a statewide readership. In this article the Soviet translational practice of the 1960s is discussed as a phenomenon typical of Soviet literature when intentional rewriting, expurgation and ideological remakes of the authorial text were considered to be normal.The lowered horizons when translating the minor nationality’s original poetry, notable ideological inversions and the use of the source text in the most general scheme of the plot in Vaičiūnaitė’s early poetry translations into Russian, and even intimacy used in favour of ideological records marked not only the weakness and incompetence of amateur translators but also the pressure of the censoring institutions upon the author. The invisible chains of Soviet literary patronage demonstrated that the aesthetic value of the original and its translations for the publishing and propaganda industry of that time were of secondary importance. Wishing to spread their work to the wider circle of the Soviet readers and to strengthen the symbolic power, most often authors used to agree to the substitutions and editorial interventions into the authorial text. The interactions between the propagandist-educational character of the translations of that time and the artistic aims of the translational process in Soviet literary criticism were discussed later, after the revision of the Soviet heritage, evaluating the role of literature as a servant of the Soviet power machine.The fact that Vaičiūnaitė publicly never mentioned her early poetry translations into Russian reveals her attitude towards the prevalent translational practice: it was negatory as well as instrumental. Having agreed with the imprints of the Soviet literary patronage on the translations of her texts, she took the step gaining personal legitimisation in the state-wide Soviet literary universe.
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Mihailova, Antoaneta, und Kalina Minkova. „RECEPTION OF THE FOREIGNNESS – MIGRANT LITERATURE AS CULTURAL TRANSFER“. Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 2, ezs.swu.v18i2 (30.06.2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i2.13.
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The article reviews the distinction between emigrant, immigrant and migrant literature from the perspective of the contemporary Bulgarian literary criticism. The body of emigrant literature is regarded as comprising the works of nineteenthcentury Bulgarian authors (Rakovski, Karavelov, Vazov) who wrote in Bulgarian and intended their works for the Bulgarian readership. The works from the first half of the twentieth century, written in Bulgarian by Bulgarian authors living mostly in Germany and France, are perceived as part of the Bulgarian literature from this period on the grounds of their engaging with themes recognized as characteristically Bulgarian (Elisaveta Bagryana, Pencho Slaveykov, Kiril Hristov, Svetoslav Minkov etc.). The Bulgarian intellectuals who moved to Western Europe in three immigrant waves after 1944, however, wrote in the language of the country in which they settled. This is the reason why Bulgarian literary criticism did not acknowledge their works as part of Bulgarian literature. The authors this article deals with – Ilija Trojanov, Dimitre Dinev and Tzveta Sofronieva – do not deny their Bulgarian origins. They have chosen to write in German in order to be understood by readers in their new country. The German-speaking readership regards them as mediators between Bulgarian history, traditions and culture and the German, respectively Austrian, society precisely because they have rendered Bulgarians and the Bulgarian past in a language that is easy to understand. The interest in Bulgarian authors writing in languages other than Bulgarian in Western Europe peaked in the years immediately preceding and following Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union as the Western European citizens wanted to find out more about the new country in the Union. With their established reputation as eminent artists, these authors continue to cast a bridge between the two cultures. Their works keep being translated into many different languages and have won prestigious international awards.
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Lettice, Fiona, und Martin McCracken. „Team performance management: a review and look forward“. Team Performance Management: An International Journal 13, Nr. 5/6 (28.08.2007): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527590710831855.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide the Team Performance Management (TPM) journal readership with a review of the journal since its inception in 1995, tracing the pattern of articles published since then. To give an overview of the processes and procedures now in operation and present the incoming editors' future vision of the journal.Design/methodology/approachEach of the 266 articles published in the journal between 1995 and 2006 were analysed briefly to identify interesting trends or patterns.FindingsThe largest number of articles have been published by authors from the USA (representing 45 per cent of the total number of articles published), although 28 countries are represented. The majority of articles have an academic first author (69 per cent). A significant proportion of articles are sole authored (47 per cent), although there is a slight trend towards multiple authors. Most authors (87 per cent) have only published once in the journal and the majority of articles (55 per cent) have been classified as research papers. The most popular article has achieved 21,651 downloads.Research limitations/implicationsThis was never intended to be a rigorous statistical analysis, but rather to present a simple overview and review of the last 12 years' articles published in the journal. For simplicity, only the first authors were used for the analysis, which may have caused a slight bias in the findings.Practical implicationsA better understanding of the patterns and trends of articles will help the editors to shape the future of the journal. It is also hoped that it will help the readership to gain an improved understanding of and increased interest in the journal's past, present and future.Originality/valuePulling together information from many different sources into one article and providing the first comprehensive review of the articles published in TPM in the last 12 years, since its launch.
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Harvey, Jennine, Scott Seeman und Deborah von Hapsburg. „Dual Task, Noise, and The Speech-Language Pathologist: A Clinical Guideline for Adult Multi-Tasking Intervention With Noise“. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, Nr. 15 (Januar 2017): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig15.32.
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The field of Cognitive Hearing Science examines the relationship between cognitive, linguistic, and hearing functions. Although these areas are of particular importance to speech-language pathology, few studies have investigated applications of cognitive hearing science to clinical practice. The purpose of this review article is to (1) explore and present a summary of cognitive hearing science techniques for dual-task and hearing-in-noise procedures and implications to speech-language pathology, and (2) provide a clinical guide for speech-language pathology in adult multitasking intervention with noise. It is well understood that areas of cognitive skill and hearing function decline with age; therefore, additional understanding of the relationship of these functions is of particular importance to speech-language pathologists working with older individuals. This article meets the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) Special Interest Group (SIG) 15's mission of “research-to-practice” professional development by “promoting understanding of the effects of normal and pathological aging on cognition, language […] and hearing” (ASHA, 2017), and is intended to be of interest to the SIG 15 readership.
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Dreisbach, Caitlin, und Theresa A. Koleck. „The State of Data Science in Genomic Nursing“. Biological Research For Nursing 22, Nr. 3 (08.04.2020): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800420915991.
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Nurse scientists are generating, acquiring, distributing, processing, storing, and analyzing greater volumes of complex omics data than ever before. To take full advantage of big omics data, to address core biological questions, and to enhance patient care, however, genomic nurse scientists must embrace data science. Intended for readership with limited but expanding data science knowledge and skills, this article aims to provide a brief overview of the state of data science in genomic nursing. Our goal is to introduce key data science concepts to genomic nurses who participate at any stage of the data science lifecycle, from research patient recruitment to data wrangling, preprocessing, and analysis to implementation in clinical practice to policy creation. We address three major components in this review: (1) fundamental terminology for the field of genomic nursing data science, (2) current genomic nursing data science research exemplars, and (3) the spectrum of genomic nursing data science roles as well as education pathways and training opportunities. Links to helpful resources are included throughout the article.
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Bhatia, Vijay. „Generic integrity in document design“. Document Design 1, Nr. 3 (31.12.1999): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dd.1.3.01bha.
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Genre is realization of a set of communicative purposes embedded in recurring rhetorical contexts displaying typical cognitive structuring. Most professional documents display their typical 'generic integrity' which is often identifiable in terms of a combination of text-internal and text-external factors. Although generic integrity is somewhat flexible and fluid, and dependent on participant relationship and institutional discursive practices, it is one of the important contributors to effective and successful design and development of professional and public documents. In this paper, I would like to consider examples of public documents from legal and business settings to focus on the generic integrity of these documents in the context of issues like the simplification and easification of legal documents, selection and appropriation of linguistic resources in the textualization of professional genres, reader accessibility of professional and public discourse, suggesting implications for the writer's commitment to the intended message and readership(s), in the act of document design, and the relationship between the design and performance of professional documents in their real contexts of use.
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White, Paul. „The Classical Commentary in Renaissance France: Bilingual, Mixed-Language, and Translated Editions“. Renaissance and Reformation 41, Nr. 2 (21.06.2018): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v41i2.29832.
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This article analyzes the dynamic interactions of Latin and the vernacular in commentary editions of the Latin classics printed in France before 1600, addressing questions of readership, intended uses, and actual uses. Beginning with the output of Antoine Vérard, it explores the different possibilities for translating Latin commentaries in the early decades of French printing, and the reconfigurations of layout and commentary discourse between languages. There follows a discussion of bilingual and mixed-language editions intended for use in the Latin grammar class and beyond (Mathurin Cordier, Charles Estienne, Jean Herisson, Guillaume Durand, and Pierre Davantès). Particular attention is given to evidence for the uses of such texts in the form of contemporary readers’ annotations and marks of use.
Cet article analyse les interactions dynamiques entre le latin et les langues vernaculaires dans les éditions commentées des classiques latins publiées en France avant 1600. Il aborde les questions de la lecture, des intentions d’utilisation visée et des utilisations effectives. En commençant avec l’oeuvre d’Antoine Vérard, on y explore les différentes possibilités de traduction de commentaires latins dans les premières décennies de l’imprimerie française, ainsi que les transformations de mise en page et de mise en regard des textes des deux langues. On poursuit en examinant les éditions bilingues et polyglottes développées à l’intention de l’enseignement du latin dans les classes de grammaire et au-delà (Mathurin Cordier, Charles Estienne, Jean Herisson, Guillaume Durand and Pierre Davantès). Une attention spéciale est accordée au témoignage que fournissent les annotations de lecteurs contemporains et les marques de leur utilisation des ouvrages.
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YOO, GENIE. „Wars and wonders: the inter-island information networks of Georg Everhard Rumphius“. British Journal for the History of Science 51, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2018): 559–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087418000742.
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AbstractHow did one man living on an island come to acquire information about the rest of the vast archipelago? This article traces the inter-island information networks of Georg Everhard Rumphius (1627–1702), an employee of the Dutch East India Company, who was able to explore the natural world of the wider archipelago without ever leaving the Moluccan island of Ambon. This article demonstrates the complexities of Rumphius's inter-island networks, as he collected information about plants and objects from islands near and far. Using his administrative, commercial and household networks, Rumphius was able to interact with local actors from across the social spectrum, whose own active collection, mediation and circulation of objects and information overlapped with imperial activities in the archipelago. This article examines Rumphius as both a collector and a mediator, who negotiated between multiple economies of exchange and translated information from different islands for his distant European readership. Such practices of localized translation demonstrate how knowledge produced on one island was the product of criss-crossing inter-island networks, as the information concerned underwent its own complicated processes of transmission and transformation within the archipelago before reaching its intended audience in Europe.
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Sander, Griffioen. „Thinking Along With Mekkes“. Philosophia Reformata 82, Nr. 1 (20.04.2017): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23528230-08201003.
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This essay about J.P.A. Mekkes (1898–1987) is intended to arouse interest in the work of this notable disciple of Herman Dooyeweerd. For those who studied the philosophical writings of Mekkes, his written texts were as dense as his spoken words were inspiring. Given the lack of studies devoted to Mekkes, his thought has very much remained a closed book, also for a wider readership. By using the themes of “antithesis,” “creation and revelation,” and “presencing thought,” 1 I would like to show that, notwithstanding appearances to the contrary, Mekkes developed a coherent and relatively accessible philosophy in his own right. Mekkes subjected Dooyeweerdian philosophy to the critique of “presencing thought.” In due course this caused him to become a rather isolated figure even within his own circles. In this phase he also developed a new method of “thinking along” with those of other persuasions. This method I call the sub contrario method. In the closing section of this article I explain how Mekkes’s connection of philosophy with creational revelation, for all its inherent one-sidedness, offers an impulse for renewal to reformational philosophy.
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Mitroshenkova, L. V. „The journal “1812”and the 100th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812“. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 11, Nr. 3 (2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2020-3-7.
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The author explores the perception of the characteristic traits of Russian people that was widespread among military intellectuals and their associates — publishers, authors and subscribers of the journal “1812” at the end of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th centuries. The same group of military historians, academics and popularizers initiated the foundation of the Museum of 1812 and the Borodino panorama, painted by F. A. Roubaud for the 100th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812. On the one hand, publications in the journal reflected the prevailing worldview and the lexis used at that time. On the other hand, articles of the journal disseminated a set of values amongst the readership, having an equal or lower educational, cultural and social status. The knowledge of the language of the journal and the specificity of its semantics allows translating the meanings encoded in the articles and the Panorama into the language of the contemporary visitor. This article provides a textual analysis of twenty four issues of the journal. Comparative analysis of literary, popular science and information texts and the biographies and activities of the authors, makes it possible to understand the intended meaning these “unobtrusive participants in discourse” ascribed to the words “character trait” or “character” of Russian people.
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Iser, Wolfgang. „Do I Write for an Audience?“ PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, Nr. 3 (Mai 2000): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463451.
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Faced with the question “whom are you writing for?” I would have to say, no specific audience. But I do not want to create an audience either, a goal that for a scholar-critic would be unachievable anyway. I have neither written a textbook for students nor promulgated any partisan interest, for I have no political agenda. Furthermore, I have always painstakingly avoided playing up to fashion. Do I then write for my peers only? If not, what is the purpose of my scholarly engagement? There is no doubt that one would like to have readers. However. does an intended readership set the guidelines, or does one want to communicate something to potential readers? Audience-related writing is to a large extent conditioned by what one assumes to be adequate, beneficial, opportune, necessary, advantageous, and also enlightening for those whom one addresses. This holds true even if the appeal is critical because, more often than not, criticism is meant to make the audience aware of what they can do to improve their situation. Thus audience-related writing is basically affirmative, and affirmation presupposes an indisputable knowledge to be transmitted. I am not one of those critics who set out to provide corroborative evidence for special causes, such as nowadays often motivate politically inspired audiences.
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Buckingham, Louisa. „Race, space and commerce in multi-ethnic Costa Rica: a linguistic landscape inquiry“. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2018, Nr. 254 (25.10.2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0031.
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Abstract Costa Rica officially became a multi-ethnic, pluricultural nation in 2015. Representatives from the principal minorities, in particular Afro-Costa Ricans and indigenous peoples, played an important role in contesting the erstwhile dominant narrative of Costa Rican’s white European settler heritage. One of the intended consequences of the constitutional amendment was to ensure greater salience of ethnic minorities in public policy and social life. This study investigates the public display of linguistic and cultural diversity on commercial and community signage in six urban centres of Limón, the most ethnically diverse province. Undertaken in the same year as the constitutional amendment, the study examines the inclusion of languages and cultural references attributable to three main minority groups (Afro-Caribbean, Chinese and indigenous), and more recent migrant settlers, in public space. Greater salience was found in locations appearing to target a local readership; references to indigenous cultures were almost completely absent, however. Changes in the public narrative on Costa Rican identity may gradually encourage greater salience of official minority groups on public signage. An immediate challenge entails the effects of the expanding tourism sector, as this appears to favour a proliferation of decontextualized international cultural references rather than an appreciation of locality and historical rootedness.
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Malášková, Martina. „Hedges as writer protective devices in applied linguistics and literary criticism research articles“. Discourse and Interaction 5, Nr. 1 (01.01.2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2012-1-31.
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It is widely acknowledged that hedges form an indispensable part of academic writing in general and research articles (RAs) in particular. There has been a lot of research done attempting to describe and classify this language device, address its complex nature and understand its functions in different types of texts. This paper presents the results of a small-scale comparative study carried out on a corpus of research articles in two scientific fields – applied linguistics and literary criticism. The analysis was based on a revised classification of Hyland (1998) and Dontcheva-Navratilova (2009) and with special regard to the role they play in reader-writer interaction. The aim of the investigation was to determine which features in the text function as writer-protective, i.e. hedging writer commitment to the propositional content of the message, and to what extent these features differ in the examined texts. The results of the study show that there are significant differences in both the variety and frequency of use of hedges in applied linguistics and literary criticism research articles, which suggests that there is a connection between particular types of hedges and differences in the type of argumentation and interaction with the intended readership in the two respective communities.