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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Institutional norms and rules“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Institutional norms and rules"
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GËRXHANI, KLARITA, und JACQUELINE VAN BREEMEN. „Social values and institutional change: an experimental study“. Journal of Institutional Economics 15, Nr. 2 (07.08.2018): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000231.
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AbstractWe experimentally investigate whether and how individuals change formal institutions governing an organization. The focus is on formal rules prescribing individual cooperation to achieve a collective goal. Our analysis accounts for the role of social norms and individuals’ social values. We observe that prosocial individuals –who value cooperation and have a conflict between this value and existing rules allowing for low cooperation– attempt to change this rule. In line with our theoretical discussion, we also find that prosocial individuals first try to change the institutional environment by changing social norms. If this fails, these individuals change formal rules directly.
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COLE, DANIEL H. „Laws, norms, and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework“. Journal of Institutional Economics 13, Nr. 4 (28.02.2017): 829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137417000030.
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AbstractElinor Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework has been described as ‘one of the most developed and sophisticated attempts to use institutional and stakeholder assessment in order to link theory and practice, analysis and policy’. But not all elements in the framework are sufficiently well developed. This paper focuses on one such element: the ‘rules-in-use’ (a.k.a. ‘rules’ or ‘working rules’). Specifically, it begins a long-overdue conversation about relations between formal legal rules and ‘working rules’ by offering a tentative and very simple typology of relations. Type 1: Some formal legal rules equal or approximate the working rules; Type 2: Some legal rules plus (or emended by) widely held social norms equal or approximate the working rules; and Type 3: Some legal rules bear no evident relation to the working rules. Several examples, including some previously used by Ostrom, are provided to illustrate each of the three types, which can be conceived of as nodes or ranges along a continuum. The paper concludes with a call for empirical research, especially case studies and meta-analyses, to determine the relevant scope of each of these types of relations, and to provide data for furthering our understanding of how different types of rules, from various sources, function (or not) as institutions.
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CARDOSO, HENRIQUE LOPES, und EUGÉNIO OLIVEIRA. „INSTITUTIONAL REALITY AND NORMS: SPECIFYING AND MONITORING AGENT ORGANIZATIONS“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 16, Nr. 01 (März 2007): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843007001573.
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Norms and institutions have been proposed to regulate multi-agent interactions. However, agents are intrinsically autonomous, and may thus decide whether to comply with norms. On the other hand, besides institutional norms, agents may adopt new norms by establishing commitments with other agents. In this paper, we address these issues by considering an electronic institution that monitors the compliance to norms in an evolving normative framework: norms are used both to regulate an existing environment and to define contracts that make agents' commitments explicit. In particular, we consider the creation of virtual organizations in which agents commit to certain cooperation efforts regulated by appropriate norms. The supervision of norm fulfillment is based on the notion of institutional reality, which is constructed by assigning powers to agents enacting institutional roles. Constitutive rules make a connection between the illocutions of those agents and institutional facts, certifying the occurrence of associated external transactions. Contract specification is based on conditional prescription of obligations. Contract monitoring relies on rules for detecting the fulfillment and violation of those obligations. The implementation of our normative institutional environment is supported by a rule-based inference engine.
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Crawford, Sue E. S., und Elinor Ostrom. „A Grammar of Institutions“. American Political Science Review 89, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 582–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082975.
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The institutional grammar introduced here is based on a view that institutions are enduring regularities of human action in situations structured by rules, norms, and shared strategies, as well as by the physical world. The rules, norms, and shared strategies are constituted and reconstituted by human interaction in frequently occurring or repetitive situations. The syntax of the grammar identifies components of institutions and sorts them into three types of institutional statements: rules, norms, and shared strategies. We introduce the grammar, outline methods for operationalizing the syntax, apply the syntax to an analysis of cooperation in collective dilemma situations, and discuss the pragmatics of the grammar for analyses of behavior within complex institutional settings.
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Чеботаренко, Елена, und Elena Chebotarenko. „Institutional Background of Social Market Economy“. Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, Nr. 4 (14.01.2019): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-4-164-169.
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The quality of life of people and the degree of focus of market economy on the interests of people depend to a great extent on the structure of public institutes, which include formal and informal norms, rules and the organizations that support them. To develop these norms and rules, it is necessary to rely not only on rational considering and calculation of the interacting parties, but also on habits, customs, and traditions. The universal nature of functions of public institutes always acts in the specific ethical cover that reflects the culture of people, their idea of the social justice focused on three fundamental values: equal opportunities, overcoming excess inequalities, and providing honest rules of the game. The institutionalization process includes stages connected with understanding and acceptance by the majority of the principles of socially oriented economy, development of the particular rules, and mechanisms supporting them. Some institutes perform functions of control over the flaws of the market mechanism, others are aimed at alignment of excess social and economic inequalities and ensuring the compensating advantages to everyone.
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BASTAKOTI, RAM C., und GANESH P. SHIVAKOTI. „Rules and collective action: an institutional analysis of the performance of irrigation systems in Nepal“. Journal of Institutional Economics 8, Nr. 2 (19.10.2011): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137411000452.
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Abstract:This paper focuses on understanding rule systems by documenting existing rules and their development in irrigation management in Nepal. We analyze the rule formation of a sample of irrigation systems based on the ADICO syntax (Crawford & Ostrom, 1995; Ostrom, 2005). Farmer-managed irrigation systems generally are autonomous in devising their own rules based on local context considering the ideas, norms and beliefs shared within the community. Rule formation in agency-managed irrigation systems, however, is mostly done by external officials. Strong rule enforcement mechanisms were found in farmer-managed systems compared with agency-managed systems. Better rule enforcement created favorable conditions for collective action among the users and ensured better performance of the irrigation systems. Results imply that the formation of new rules should fully consider biophysical attributes as well as community beliefs and ideas.
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Graham, Erin R., und Alexandria Serdaru. „Power, Control, and the Logic of Substitution in Institutional Design: The Case of International Climate Finance“. International Organization 74, Nr. 4 (2020): 671–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818320000181.
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AbstractHow do powerful states control international organizations (IOs)? In contrast to the conventional wisdom that treats weighted voting rules as the primary means that powerful states use to codify their asymmetric control in institutional design, we propose that funding rules are equally important. Our framework develops a logic of substitution whereby permissive earmark rules—that allow donors to stipulate how their contributions to an IO are used—are a design substitute for weighted voting from wealthy states’ perspective. Whether asymmetric control is incorporated in design through voting or funding rules depends on whether egalitarian norms emphasizing political and legal equality, or shareholder norms emphasizing influence commensurate with financial power, govern voting and representation rights at the IO. Focusing on the domain of climate finance, we demonstrate that weighted voting rules are used at international climate finance institutions (ICFIs) associated with multilateral development banks, but that wealthy states pursued permissive earmark rules at ICFIs within the United Nations system where egalitarian norms are strong. In this way, powerful donors can exert control over resource allocation even when developing states appear to hold equal influence on governing bodies. In addition to providing a reassessment of how power translates into control at IOs, our framework offers insight into forum-shopping behavior and sheds light on substitution dynamics that involve other dimensions of design across a range of issue areas.
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Büthe, Tim. „Engineering Uncontestedness? The Origins and Institutional Development of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)“. Business and Politics 12, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2010): 1–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1338.
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Private regulation often entails competition among multiple rule-makers, but private rules and regulators do not always compete. For substantial parts of the global economy, a single private body (per issue) is recognized as the focal point for global rule-making. The selection of the institutional setting here effectively takes place prior to drawing up the specific rules, with important consequences for the politics of regulating global markets. In this paper, I develop a theoretical explanation for how a private transnational organization may attain such preeminence—how it can become the focal point for rule-making—in its area of expertise. I emphasize the transnational body's capacity to pursue its organizational self-interest, as well as timing and sequence. I then examine empirically a particularly important body of this kind, which today is essentially uncontested as the focal point for private regulation in its area, even though its standards often have substantial distributive implications: the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). I analyze the persistence and changes in the IEC's formal rules or procedures and informal norms, as well as the broadening scope of its regulatory authority and membership over more than a century.
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CALCAGNO, PETER T., und EDWARD J. LÓPEZ. „Informal norms trump formal constraints: the evolution of fiscal policy institutions in the United States“. Journal of Institutional Economics 13, Nr. 1 (03.11.2016): 211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000321.
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AbstractTwo shifts of informal rules occurred in the decades around the turn of the 20th century that continue to shape U.S. fiscal policy outcomes. Spending norms in the electorate shifted to expand the scope of the government budget to promote economic security and macroeconomic stability. Simultaneously, norms for elected office shifted to careerism. Both norms were later codified into formal rules as legislation creating entitlement programs, macroeconomic responsibility, and organizational changes to the fiscal policy process. This institutional evolution increased demand for federal expenditures while creating budgetary commons, thus imparting strong motivations to spend through deficit finance in normal times. Despite the last four decades of legislative attempts to constrain spending relative to taxes, the informal norms have trumped the formal constraints. While the empirical literature on deficits has examined the constraining effects of informal rules, this paper offers a novel treatment of shifting norms as having expansionary effects on deficits.
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O’Mullane, Monica. „Developing a theoretical framework for exploring the institutional responses to the Athena SWAN Charter in higher education institutions—A feminist institutionalist perspective“. Irish Journal of Sociology 29, Nr. 2 (02.03.2021): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0791603521995372.
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Why does the institutional response of higher education institutions to a ‘potentially institutionally transformative’ gender equality programme such as the Athena SWAN (AS) Charter matter? If a higher education institution seeks and attains the AS award, then the institutional response would be to embed the Charter’s action plans thoroughly without resistance or variation across higher education institutional contexts? These are the initial and broader reflective questions underpinning and inspiring this article. The reality is that the Athena SWAN Charter actions and commitments are not simply installed into the technical rules and procedures of higher education institutions, resulting in the organisational and cultural change it seeks. It is argued in this article that applying a feminist institutionalist lens, which deals with the exchange between formal and informal rules, norms and practices, and the roles played by actors working with the rules – the micro-foundations of gendered institutions – will inform our understanding of how a change programme such as Athena SWAN can instil institutional change- if any change. This article details a theoretical framework, drawing from the FI perspective, which will be applied to an empirical study exploring the institutional responses of higher education institutions to the Athena SWAN process in Ireland.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Institutional norms and rules"
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Linhart, Rasmus, und Daniel Nyborg. „Adapt or die : A qualitative study on how institutional pressures influence the strategies of sustainable investors and their holdings“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446936.
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Large institutional actors in the financial arena are moving their capital in a sustainable direction. This implies a change of the institutional norms and rules regarding sustainable investing. One of the problematic aspects of sustainable investing is how investors use different strategies to influence their holdings and what implications this choice might have on a sector level. The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine how the strategies from institutional investors are an expression of the current norms and rules in the field of sustainable investing. It also intends to illustrate how institutional pressures influence the strategies of investors and their holdings. By interviewing respondents from eleven institutional investors, we present data regarding norms and rules for sustainable investing and the consequences of the investor’s strategies. Our findings indicate there has been an immense increase in demand for sustainable products in recent years, resulting in institutional pressures that have influenced both the investors and their holdings. This exposes the field to selection processes which may force organizations to the point of adapt or die. Finally, our conclusion provides practical implications on what role institutional investors have in the quest for sustainable development.
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Sandstedt, Thomas. „Om rekrytering i akademin - exemplen prefekter och forskarstuderande“. Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik (PED), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-25622.
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Sandstedt, Thomas (2013) – On Recruitment in Academia in the Cases of Department Heads and Research Students This thesis study how academic and scientific culture act and handle the balance between different interests, demands and preferences and what is considered central and valuable in the leading and managing within universities in Sweden. These are set against each other whenever department heads and research students are to be recruited. Questions are asked whether procedures come into play when recruiting heads of department, and whether the final choice is determined by regulations and/or academic norms. There has only been marginal research in the field. The recruitment of department heads has not been statutory since 1993, while admission to research studies is regulated in detail. The study was implemented before the autonomy reform of 2011. Central and local regulatory systems between 1993 and 2011 form the juridical framework of the study. My frame of reference is a New Institutional Theory approach together with studies of the environment, history and traditions of academia. The basis of the studied context is the scholarly community of academics. Demands from government and parliament as expressed in regulatory systems, general guidelines, funding, policies and letters of regulation have also been taken into account within the reference frame. The empirical material consists of interviews with professors including associate professors conducted in seven universities and eight departments between 2007 and 2009. The results show that there are certain rules of the game that are applied when department heads and research students are being recruited, which give an indication of what is considered valuable for internal management within Swedish universities. The recruitment processes are informal, collegial and institutionalized. When department heads are recruited all colleagues have the possibility to participate, whereas when research students are recruited the group involved is more limited. In the latter case it is financing as well as the role of the supervisor that seem to play the crucial role in finding the most suitable doctoral student. Internal criteria are reformulated into rules of the game by colleagues and the process is situation-bound. These rules are based on collegial and scholarly interests, demands, norms, traditions and values. Informal criteria offer the opportunity for flexibility and situational adaptation when departments choose their head. These criteria contribute to limiting the number of candidates, which may make it difficult to find the right person. The students admitted to research education are expected to be able to profit by such education and to possess a scientific attitude. These requirements may vary from one admission to another, and the impression is that the circle of potential research students is limited.
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Avelhan, Bruna Liria. „Análise de incentivos para o cumprimento de leis em sistemas agroindustriais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-21112013-193944/.
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É comum no Brasil, a afirmação de que existem leis que \"não pegam\". Nesse sentido, o presente estudo visa a analisar como os incentivos influenciam no cumprimento de normas positivadas em sistemas agroindustriais (SAG). Sendo assim, as leis escolhidas foram: a lei de uso e conservação do solo, com foco no combate e controle da erosão e a lei dos agrotóxicos, com ênfase no armazenamento na propriedade agrícola e retorno das embalagens. A base teórica adota a linha da Nova Economia Institucional, tratando assim do conceito e da importância do ambiente institucional, dos custos sociais, dos custos de transação e mensuração, da questão dos bens comuns e dos direitos de propriedade. Partindo-se desses conceitos foram fundamentadas cinco hipóteses de trabalho, os cinco tipos de incentivos ao cumprimento das normais formais, os quais são: alinhamento da norma formal às normas sociais; a influência do interesse privado; a influência do interesse do Estado; custos ao Estado e aos agentes econômicos. Para a parte empírica optou-se pelo método de estudo de casos, contemplados por análises de estatísticas descritivas. Foram utilizados, portanto, dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Destaca-se que foi feito um recorte com relação às culturas agrícolas e regiões para a coleta de dados. As culturas selecionadas foram a da cana-de-açúcar e a da pastagem (bovinocultura). Assim, as regiões nas quais foram feitas as entrevistas e questionários foram: Andradina, Araçatuba, Presidente Prudente, São José do Rio Preto e Ribeirão Preto. Como resultado verificou-se que quatro das cinco hipóteses de trabalho apresentaram evidências para sua não rejeição. A exceção ficou por conta da hipótese associada ao efeito do custo de adesão pelos agentes econômicos. Embora tal hipótese tenha sido rejeitada pelos números obtidos, observa-se que ela deve ser levada em consideração na análise de incentivos, mas não de forma isolada. Os custos a que se refere essa hipótese podem estar associados a outros incentivos, como, por exemplo, as outras hipóteses de estudo. Por meio de tais resultados, concluiu-se que normas que tratam dos bens comuns (em alguma medida) possuem um mecanismo de cumprimento mais complexo, já que não se trata de uma questão puramente econômica. Ações que promovam o conhecimento de tais normas e a conscientização da amplitude do tema são importantes para que as normas sociais, que não se modificam rapidamente, estejam alinhadas à norma formal promovendo o seu cumprimento voluntário. Além disso, as normas que tratam da temática ambiental devem envolver toda a cadeia (SAG), dado que, particularmente nesse tipo de cadeia, há uma dependência grande entre os atores. Assim, devem-se analisar conjuntamente os efeitos da norma formal em questão.It is common in Brazil, the affirmation that there are laws that \"do not catch\". In this sense, this study aims to analyze how incentives influence the compliance of rules in agribusiness systems. Thus, the laws that were chosen are: the law of use and conservation ground, focusing on combating and controlling erosion, and the agrochemicals law, with an emphasis on storage on the farm and the return of packages. The theoretical basis adopts the line of the New Institutional Economics, thus treating the concept and the importance of the institutional environment, the social costs, the transaction and measurement costs, the question of the commons and property rights. Based on these concepts were developed five working hypotheses, the five types of incentives to comply formal rules which are: the alignment of the formal norms to social norms, the influence of private interest, the influence of the interest of the State, the costs to the State, and the costs to economic agents. For the empirical part it was chosen the method of cases study, contemplated by analysis of descriptive statistics. Therefore qualitative and quantitative data were employed. It is highlighted that a cut was made with respect to agricultural crops and regions for data collection. The cultures that were selected are the sugar cane and the pasture (cattle). Thus, the interviews and questionnaires were made in the following regions: Andradina Araçatuba, Presidente Prudente, São José do Rio Preto and Ribeirão Preto. As a result it was found that four of five working hypotheses showed no evidences for its rejection. The exception was the hypothesis associated with the effect of the adhesion costs by economic agents. Although this hypothesis has been rejected by data obtained, it is observed that this hypothesis must be taken into account in the analysis of incentives, but not in an isolated way. The costs that are treated on that hypothesis may be associated with other incentives, such as the incentives that are treated in the other hypotheses of this research. Through these results, it was concluded that formal rules that deal with commons (in some measure) have a compliance mechanism more complex, once it is not a purely economic question. Activities that promote knowledge of the formal norm and the awareness of the breadth of the subject are important for that the social norms (which do not change quickly) are aligned with the formal norm, promoting the voluntary compliance of this. Moreover, the formal rules that deal with environmental issues should involve the all chain (agribusiness system), inasmuch as, particularly in this type of chain there is a great dependency between actors. Thus one should make an analysis considering, in a set, the effects of the formal norm in question.
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Douet, Guérin Mylène. „Pratiques sportives, normes et socialisation : représentations sociales de la norme en basket-ball, escalade et paintball“. Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001845.
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Toute pratique sportive est dépendante d'un système de règles qui simultanément prescrivent et prohibent. Codifiées, ces règles participent de l'institutionnalisation sportive propre au sport compétitif contemporain. La modalité sportive reposant sur une pratique fédérale, en club, nous intéresse ici. Ce travail de thèse rend compte de la transmission du code du jeu, des représentations sociales des acteurs du sport - pratiquants, entraineurs, arbitres et dirigeants - ainsi que de la gestion de la norme sportive - espaces, durées, règles du jeu - par les institutions référentes. Notre recherche repose sur une approche comparative entre trois sports, distincts par leur degré d'institutionnalisation : le basket-ball, l'escalade et le paintball. Ce travail s'appuie simultanément sur l'usage des observations -séances d'entrainements en club, compétitions -, des entretiens semi-directifs (n = 52) et de la méthode des comparaisons par paires. Il en ressort une perception différenciée de l'application de la règle sportive qui dépend tout autant du niveau d'institutionnalisation - le paintball étant le moins sportifié des trois sports - que des caractéristiques de la pratique (situations sociomotrices ou psychomotrices). La transmission du code du jeu est consubstantielle à une culture en acte de la pratique alors que les représentations sociales se distinguent en fonction de la carrière sportive. La gestion de la norme repose sur des principes différenciés selon le processus de sportification de la pratique. Le basket-ball en club se joue sur un format pérenne et un terrain normalisé, ce qui n'est pas le cas du paintball où de multiples formats de jeu sont encore d'actualité. L'escalade se situe quant à elle dans un entre-deux, sommée de sélectionner une discipline au détriment des autres en vue d'une future olympisation. L'intérêt principal de cette étude réside notamment dans le fait de rendre compte de la socialisation sportive comme inductrice de la réalisation subjective des individus. Cette socialisation s'opère par le biais du rapport à l'institution qu'entretiennent les pratiquants avec la normativité sportive.
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Swift, Crystal L. „Conflating rules, norms, and ethics in intercollegiate forensics“. Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1313950.
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This paper explores the concepts of rules, norms, and ethics as they pertain to intercollegiate forensic competition. The perspective is taken that these concepts tend to be conflated. Definitions of rules and ethics are drawn primarily from the National Forensics Association (NFA). The pertinent literature is reviewed, methods are explained, and results are reported and discussed. The conclusions pertain to the idea that forensics coaches and students alike are hesitant to accept universal rules and ethics, and prefer more contextualized standards. Suggestions for future research are also offered.Department of Communication Studies
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Bekombo, jabea Claude. „L'interaction entre la lex sportiva nationale et la lex sportiva "internationale" : reflexion à partir du cas du Cameroun“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3012/document.
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A côté des ordres juridiques sécrétés au niveau étatique et interétatique, existent ceux issus des champs corporatistes de toutes natures (c’est l’internormativité liée au pluralisme juridique). Le problème est souvent de savoir comment coexistent des systèmes juridiques juxtaposés sans aucune base hiérarchique entre eux ? La lex sportiva internationale étant à notre avis un ensemble de normes corporatives d’origine coutumière, est issue de ce que nous avons appelé l’institution sportive (à l’image d’une maison) international, et forme, nous l’avons démontré, un ordre juridique unique et autonome au niveau matériel et formel, contrairement à la majorité de la doctrine qui l’envisage de manière disparate. Cet ordre juridique sportif unique de l’institution sportive est mis en œuvre et coexistent, non seulement, avec d’autres ordres juridiques juxtaposés dans le champ international, mais aussi avec le droit national lié au sport sécrété par les Etats que nous avons appelé la lex sportiva nationale. Nous avons alors essayé d’étudier le cadre théorique et la spécificité de l’interaction avec la lex sportiva nationale, en prenant le Cameroun comme exemple. Cela a permis de voir qu’au Cameroun la lex sportiva internationale fait l’objet de résistances nationales (par les acteurs nationaux, dont l’Etat, financier exclusif du sport), parce que sa téléologie est mal comprise par les acteurs sociaux et qu’émerge un véritable « service public normatif » du sport (au Cameroun en particulier depuis 1960, de manière non exhaustive, 105 normes sportives adoptées avec 9 lois, 52 décrets, 31 arrêtés, 11décisions, 1 circulaires et 1 instruction Ministérielle) avec comme force centripète « l’exécutif normatif du sport » (65 sur 105 c’est-à-dire 65% depuis 1960 au Cameroun), avec des règles légifèrent sur le domaine de la lex sportiva internationaleBeside the State legal system, there are autonomous social legal systems (sign of legal pluralism and internormativity). The quest of that legal pluralism system analysis is to find the way forward to solve the intercourse between the two systems existing without hierarchy rules to render their relationships. We have identified international lex sportiva as a unique law order from what we have called the “sport institution”(showing as a house) which is cooperating with other law system in the international legal field. We have focused our study on the interaction between international and national lex sportiva, to see how those legal relationships are implemented. In so doing, we choose Cameroon as our example. The study therefore revealed that the application of international lex sportiva is subject to national resistances because in Africa its aim is misunderstood by the national actors (State authorities, judges, sports actors). Moreover, there is a “sport rule public service” which sometime interfere in the domain of the international sports laws(lex sportiva) in Africa rendered by the State (in Cameroon for example since 1960, 105 sports rules were taken by the State, 9 laws, 52 decrees, 31 arêtes, 11 decisions, 1 circular letter, 1 ministerial instruction), with the President of the Republic as major “legislator” (65 of the above mentioned 105 sports rules taken in Cameroon, that’s a percentage of 65%)
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Assar, Nandini Narain. „Gender hierarchy among Gujarati immigrants linking immigration rules and ethnic norms /“. [Blacksburg, Va. : University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2000. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04262000-18590048.
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Friedman, Muriel Rebecca. „A Taxonomy of Rules: Authority, Dangers, and Possibilities“. The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03202009-115827/.
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Rules, originally a means toward group solidarity, are the alternative to the need for ongoing physical dominance. Seemingly omnipresent in modern life, rules can be overt or subtle, explicit or tacit, rigidly enforced or overlooked. They may clash with our autonomy. This thesis names and explores different functional types of rules: safety, personal, socio-cultural, legal-religious, and technical. Rules in general are discussed from social and ethical theoretical viewpoints and using ideal type methodology. Understanding that there are different types of rules and the authority behind them makes it easier to determine ones obligations to follow them, especially with the notion of prima facie duties. A century after Max Weber wrote of his admiration--and fear--of bureaucratic authority, we should be alarmed at the march toward bureaucratic, algorithmic rule by a rule that, in its attempts toward fairness and certainty, in fact dominates us by turning us into standardized machines rather than thoughtful, intuitive, creative people.
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Poole, Avery Dorothy Howard. „Institutional change in regional organizations : the emergence and evolution of ASEAN norms“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44530.
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In November 2007, the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed their first Charter, and hailed it as a ‘milestone’ for regional cooperation. The Charter was designed to provide the ‘legal and institutional framework’ for ASEAN, and to give it a ‘legal personality’. It refers to ‘strengthening’ the principle of democracy and to ‘promoting and protecting’ human rights. It also states that ASEAN ‘shall establish an ASEAN human rights body’. The Charter raises an empirical puzzle given the ASEAN norms of sovereignty and ‘non-interference in the internal affairs of one another’, which are reiterated in ASEAN declarations and agreements (including the Charter). Moreover, the significant political, ethnic and cultural diversity among member states traditionally underpins the understanding that regime type and human rights are ‘off the table’ in (official) ASEAN dialogue. Thus, why did ASEAN member states adopt text in the Charter referring to democracy and human rights? Further, why was the debate about the references to human rights far more contentious than that about the references to democracy? This dissertation traces the negotiations leading to the ASEAN Charter, and explores the processes through which member states accepted the references to democracy and human rights, and agreed to establish an ASEAN human rights body. I argue that perceptions of legitimacy influence states’ positions on regional ‘normative statements’. The emergence and evolution of regional norms are shaped by political elites’ perceptions of how members of a regional organization view the legitimacy of the organization and its norms (which I call ‘internal regional legitimacy’). These are in turn shaped by elites’ perceptions of how their societies regard the legitimacy of their national governments (‘domestic political legitimacy’). Regional norms are also shaped by elites’ perceptions of how those outside the region view the legitimacy of the regional organization and its norms (‘external regional legitimacy’). The dissertation’s exploration of various actors’ perceptions of legitimacy in the adoption of the Charter helps to explain the diverse understandings of norms by member states. Moreover, it contributes to theoretical understandings of the emergence and evolution of norms in an environment of ‘normative contestation’.
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Schleifer, Philip. „Whose rules? : the institutional diffusion and variation of private participatory governance“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/938/.
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As a mode of global sustainability regulation, private participatory governance first emerged in the forestry sector in the early 1990s and from there spread rapidly and widely in the global economy. The literature on the topic points to a good fit with democratic norms, neoliberal norms, social movement pressure, and the entrepreneurial activities of civil society actors and progressive firms as the main drivers behind this process of institutional diffusion. Today, multi-stakeholder initiatives operate in many industry sectors, ranging from apparel manufacturing and diamond mining to aquaculture production and soybean farming. Drawing on new developments in the philosophy of democracy, some see these arrangements as part of a ‘deliberative turn’ in sustainability politics with the potential to democratise global governance institutions. However, the legitimacy of multi-stakeholder initiatives remains contested, and there is evidence to suggest that the diffusion of private participatory governance in the global economy has introduced variation in a key dimension of institutional design: whereas some schemes involve a wide range of actors in their governance and standard-setting activities, others are significantly less inclusive. In order to explore this puzzle, this dissertation unpacks the process of institutional diffusion. It develops an analytical framework that distinguishes three stages in the diffusion process: source selection, transmission, and adoption. For the different stages, hypotheses are formulated about the factors that “intervene” in the diffusion process, leading to more or less inclusive institutional outcomes. This framework is put to work in three case study chapters, examining the diffusion of private participatory governance in the biofuels, soy, and sugarcane sectors. A major finding of this study is that varying levels of coercive institutional pressures influenced the diffusion outcome in the cases studied. In environments characterised by strong coercive pressures (biofuels and soy), adopting a more inclusive approach served institutional designers as a strategy to gain political authority – that is, legitimate decision-making power – in these arenas. In comparison, in the low conflict environment of the sugarcane sector, no comparable process of ‘institutional fitting’ could be observed. Furthermore, this dissertation shows that ideas about private participatory governance are far from set in stone. While multi-stakeholder institutions diffuse in the global economy, late adopters learn from the experiences of prior adopters. Based on these experiences and the lessons they draw from them, they interpret, innovate, and de- and recontextualise the model, giving rise to institutional variation.
Bücher zum Thema "Institutional norms and rules"
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Chu, Ke-young. Collective values, behavioural norms, and rules: Building institutions for economic growth and poverty reduction. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2001.
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Alesina, Alberto. Institutional rules for federations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
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Pettit, Philip. Rules, reasons, and norms: Selected essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
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Fisher, D. E. Australian environmental law: Norms, principles and rules. Pyrmont, NSW: Lawbook Co., 2014.
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Australian environmental law: Norms, principles and rules. 2. Aufl. Pyrmont, N.S.W: Lawbook Co., 2010.
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National Geographic Society (U.S.), Hrsg. Class rules. Washington, D.C: National Geographic Society, 2001.
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Embodied resistance: Challenging the norms, breaking the rules. Nashville, Tenn: Vanderbilt University Press, 2011.
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Cohn, Ellen S. Legal socialization: A study of norms and rules. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
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Rules and institutional arrangements for monetary policy. Oslo: Norges Bank, 2000.
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Conference on Rules for Institutional Arbitration and Mediation (1995 Geneva, Switzerland). Conference on Rules for Institutional Arbitration and Mediation. Geneva: WIPO, 1995.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Institutional norms and rules"
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Ruiter, Dick W. P. „General Norms and Rules“. In Institutional Legal Facts, 161–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8198-1_6.
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Peterson, John, und Elizabeth Bomberg. „Institutions, Rules, Norms“. In Decision-Making in the European Union, 31–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27507-6_3.
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Huemer, Wolfgang. „Two Pillars of Institutions: Constitutive Rules and Participation“. In The Social Institution of Discursive Norms, 177–93. New York, NY : Routledge, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003047483-10.
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Mellema, René, Maarten Jensen und Frank Dignum. „Social Rules for Agent Systems“. In Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms, and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems XIII, 175–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72376-7_10.
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Martinez-Moyano, Ignacio J., und J. Ramon Gil-Garcia. „Rules, Norms, and Individual Preferences for Action: An Institutional Framework to Understand the Dynamics of e-Government Evolution“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 194–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30078-6_32.
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Bilmes, Jack. „Norms and Rules“. In Discourse and Behavior, 165–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2040-9_8.
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Schroeder, Werner. „The Rule of Law As a Value in the Sense of Article 2 TEU: What Does It Mean and Imply?“ In Defending Checks and Balances in EU Member States, 105–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62317-6_5.
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AbstractThe rule of law is a value on which the European Union is founded, and which shall be respected and observed by its Member States. This value is not merely an ethical standard but a binding legal principle that is applicable to legal disputes under Union law. The treaties, however, do not provide a definition of this principle. From a Union law perspective, it is therefore indispensable to determine the rule of law more precisely; not only is it referred to in treaty law (Article 2 TEU), but understood by Union courts as a constitutional meta-principle that informs other constitutional norms and may justify review proceedings and sanctions against Member States. The Commission Framework to strengthen the Rule of Law of 2014 does not suffice to shape a ‘Union rule of law’. It relies primarily on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Yet, this judicial concept of the rule of law is somehow restricted as it focuses almost exclusively on the role of the judicial branch in the Union’s constitutional system. Common European constitutional traditions, however, show that the core concern of the rule of law is the containment of public authority by institutional arrangements. In view of these traditions and the practice of the Union institutions, including the CJEU, consensus at the Union level might be achieved on the fact that the rule of law comprises not only strictly formal standards, but also material criteria of justice related to the juridical shaping of decision-making processes. These elements of the rule of law are intrinsically linked to fundamental rights and shall ensure that within the scope of Union law any public power is exercised in a non-arbitrary and legitimate way. To this end, the Union rule of law may not only be understood as a formal set of objective norms, but as ensuring the protection of individual rights as well.
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Croskery, Patrick. „Conventions and Norms in Institutional Design“. In Institutional Design, 95–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0641-2_5.
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Itçaina, Xabier. „Norms, rules and practices“. In Catholic Mediations in Southern Europe, 31–67. 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in religion and politics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429442360-3.
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Ruiter, Dick W. P. „Logical Relations Between Legal Norms“. In Institutional Legal Facts, 131–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8198-1_5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Institutional norms and rules"
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Mert, Esvet, und Sabahat Bayrak Kök. „An Examination of the Relationship between Organizational Justice and Psychological Empowerment“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01861.
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The perceptions of empowerment and justice that employees create in their minds affect all processes within the organization. Psychological empowerment is the perception of the organization that the organization has built to empower its employees. Organizational justice encompasses rules and social norms developed in the distribution of benefits, distribution processes and interpersonal relationships. This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological empowerment and perceptions of organizational justice. The 105 employees who work in a public institution constitute the universe of the researcher. According to Spearman correlation analysis results, the statistically significant relation was found between psychological empowerment and organizational justice perception. The main hypothesis has not been rejected. The study also examined the relationship between dimensions of psychological empowerment and dimensions of organizational justice. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship. The most striking result is that the relationship between the dimension of autonomy and the dimension of organizational justice is found to be strongest. The weakest relationship is the relationship between the meaning dimension of psychological empowerment and the dimensions of the concept of organizational justice.
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Mouli, T. Sai Chandra. „Towards Understanding Identity, Culture and Language“. In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-8.
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Knowledge of self is at the core of all human endeavours. In the quest identity assumes significance. It acquired greater relevance and respect on account of Postcolonial concerns. ‘Class’ emerged as the basis of a person’s identity. Subsequent to liberation of colonies from alien rule, postcolonial concerns gained ground. Focus on indigenous ways of life adds new dimension. Social, cultural, psychological and economic structures became the basis of one’s own view of identity. These dynamics are applicable to languages that flourished, perished or are on the verge of extinction. In India, regional, linguistic, religious diversity add to the complexity of the issue in addition to several subcultures that exist. Culture is not an independent variable. Historical factors, political developments, geographical and climatic conditions along with economic policies followed do contribute to a larger extent in fixing the contours of a country’s culture. Institutional modifications also sway the stability of national culture. Cultural transmission takes place in diverse ways. It is not unidirectional and unilateral. In many countries culture models are passed on from one generation to another through recitation. The learners memorize the cultural expressions without understanding meaning or social significance of what is communicated to them. Naturally, this practice results in hierarchical patterns and hegemony of vested elements. This is how norms of ‘high’ and ‘low’ are formed and extended to written works and oral/folk literatures respectively. This presentation focuses on the identity, culture and language of indigenous people in Telugu speaking states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in South India.
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Zhao, Weihong, und Fan Zhang. „Dimensions Construction of Institutional Norms for Place Branding“. In 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Cognitive Informatics (ICICCI 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icicci-15.2015.32.
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Grossi, Davide, Frank Dignum und John-Jules Ch Meyer. „A formal road from institutional norms to organizational structures“. In the 6th international joint conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1329125.1329234.
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Burda, Michal. „Fast evaluation of t-norms for fuzzy association rules mining“. In 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cinti.2013.6705242.
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Tofiq, Hardi. „Documentary credit between international rules and norms and Iraqi trade law“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp164-180.
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The difference in the countries to which both the seller and the buyer belong in the commercial exchanges has increased the discrepancy in the laws and rules that govern the conduct of the most important banking count approved for the settlement of such exchanges, which is the documentary credit process, as a result of the different economic, banking and financial systems from the other, so there was a need to unify These customs and customs are in a unified form, which is called today the unified rules and customs of documentary credit, which are applied to the conduct of documentary credit contracts at the global level. Therefore, we consider it necessary to make an amendment in the Iraqi law regarding the organization of the documentary credit process, because the articles related to the provisions of documentary credits are not sufficient in themselves to indicate all the problems that may result from it due to developments in international trade.
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Едреев, Тамерлан Шайх-Магомедович. „NEW RULES FOR PAYMENT OF SECOND SEND IN RUSSIA“. In Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp316.2021.66.12.010.
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В данной статье анализируется правовая природа выходного пособия, рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с изменением норм ТК РФ о выходном пособии. This article analyzes the legal nature of severance pay, discusses issues related to changes in the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation on severance pay.
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Igličar, Albin. „Vrednote kot podlaga za pravne norme in delovanje organizacij“. In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.24.
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Values as relatively enduring ideas about the good and fair treatment of people in society are the most general part of the normative world. Therefore, they are also the forerunners of legal norms that institutionalize and operationalize values or ideas about the desired social functioning of people. By defining rights and duties in legal norms, social relations also become legal relationships. The result of conscious and rational connections of people is formal organizations as institutional frameworks that encourage and monitor the activities of their members. It is therefore possible to imagine a sequence: values --- norms --- organization --- action.
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Raharivelo, Sitraka Oliva, und Jean-Pierre Müller. „Modeling Institutions in Socio-Ecosystems“. In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/688.
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In socio-ecosystems, human activities are structured in time and space by interactions between different regulatory systems with different collective goals. These regulatory systems are modeled by institutions and organizations, and the regulatory mechanisms by norms applied to agents in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, little is said about sharing resources, space and time. In particular, temporal and spatial expressivity is often limited in MAS for institutions and norms. This research proposes an institutional MAS model capable of representing multiple institutions and norms in the socio-ecosystem, in order to account for the multiplicity of interactions through agents, resources, space and time. We propose an extension of Descriptive Logic for the description of institutions and norms, and use Allen's algebra and the RCC8 to represent time and space. The resulting model allows us to know the norms applicable to an agent located socially, spatially and temporally.
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Azarova, Liudmila V., Vera A. Achkasova und Maria E. Kudruavtseva. „Professional Communication in the Context of Society Digitalization: Transformation of Ethical Norms and Corporate Rules“. In 2021 Communication Strategies in Digital Society Seminar (ComSDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsds52473.2021.9422842.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Institutional norms and rules"
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Alesina, Alberto, Ignazio Angeloni und Federico Etro. Institutional Rules for Federations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Dezember 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8646.
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Bizer, Kilian, und Martin Führ. Compact Guidelines: Practical Procedure in Interdisciplinary Institutional Analysis. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627451.
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These guidelines compactly describe how an interdisciplinary institutional analysis is to be implemented in practice: Which steps of analysis and control have to be taken? Which research questions are important and which role do empirical results play in the analysis?The description will be based on the requirements that the legislator has to fulfil with regard to the estimation of effects (as it is regulated in § 44 of the Joint Rules of Procedure of the Federal Ministries (Gemeinsame Ges-chäftsordnung der Bundesministerien, GGO) and in the guidelines of the Eu-ropean Commission). The steps of analysis and examination outlined in this paper can be equally used in relation to institutional design problems in companies (like the ad-justment of determining factors regarding ‘Governance, Risk Management, Compliance’ – GRC), associations or authorities. At the end of the compact guidelines, key terms of institutional analysis will be explained in a glossary. The glossary further contains recommendations on secondary literature.
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy und Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.
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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Nazneen, Sohela, und Maria Fernanda Silva Olivares. Strengthening Women’s Inclusion in Social Accountability Initiatives. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.002.
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In the last 20 years, social accountability initiatives have facilitated the inclusion and participation of marginalised groups in governance processes. This Policy Briefing focuses on how and what factors prove effective in strengthening women’s voice in processes holding public service providers accountable. We argue that initiatives must: (a) build technical and other forms of capacity amongst women; (b) change formal rules on women’s inclusion; (c) apply political economy analysis to unpack power dynamics, identify actors in favour of gender equality, and build a network in support of women; and (d) make long-term funding commitments for sustainable change in gender-biased norms.
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Barrera-Osorio, Felipe, Paul Gertler, Nozomi Nakajima und Harry A. Patrinos. Promoting Parental Involvement in Schools: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/060.
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Parental involvement programs aim to strengthen school-home relations with the goal of improving children’s educational outcomes. We examine the effects of a parental involvement program in Mexico, which provides parent associations with grants and information. We separately estimate the effect of the grants from the effect of the information using data from two randomized controlled trials conducted by the government during the rollout of the program. Grants to parent associations did not improve educational outcomes. Information to parent associations reduced disciplinary actions in schools, mainly by increasing parental involvement in schools and changing parenting behavior at home. The divergent results from grants and information are partly explained by significant changes in perceptions of trust between parents and teachers. Our results suggest that parental involvement interventions may not achieve their intended goal if institutional rules are unclear about the expectations of parents and teachers as parents increase their involvement in schools.
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Foster, Jessica. Survey of Legal Mechanisms Relating to Groundwater Along the Texas-Mexico Border. Herausgegeben von Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.groundwateralongborder.
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The purpose of this study is to present a factual picture of the multiple groundwater governance frameworks that cover the same transboundary aquifers on the Texas-Mexico border. The study can then serve as a foundation to support future research and as a reference for those sharing groundwater resources on the border to use in considering whether and how to coordinate management. Currently, Texas A&M School of Law, the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University, and the Texas Water Resources Institute are collaboratively pursuing a larger interdisciplinary project, and the study presented in this report is part of that concerted endeavor. First, the project establishes a study area, then identifies who are the stakeholders in the area, and finally summarizes the various rules each entity applies to groundwater. The study area selected is based on the aquifers identified in the 2016 study noted above (see Figure 1). Although there is currently no formal agreement between governments or users in Mexico and Texas for managing the reservoirs that cross underneath the international border, this survey represents a preliminary step in addressing the larger problems that the absence of a cooperative groundwater management framework presents. All of the institutional approaches employed in the various jurisdictions surveyed here model features from which developing management approaches could draw. Equally, noting gaps in the institutional approaches themselves and the ad hoc groundwater withdrawals occurring outside the reach of those institutions illustrates potential value in engaging local users in Texas’ and Mexico’s respective groundwater governance arrangements.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.