Zeitschriftenartikel: „Inspection of dimensions“

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Šidiková, Michaela, Radek Martinek, Martina Ládrová, René Jaroš, Petr Bilík, Zdeněk Macháček, Lukas Snajdr, Vlastimil Slaný und Ján Jobbágy. „Inspection of the Cogwheel Using Virtual Instrumentation“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, Nr. 6 (2019): 1493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967061493.

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This paper deals with use of machine vision for the needs of automated inspections based on virtual instrumentation using a visualization tool named Vision Builder for Automated Inspection (VBAI) – National Instruments (NI). An application for camera tests of dimensions, shapes and presence is designed in experimental parts. This work is focused on the control, detection and distribution properties of internal holes.

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Knapp, Sabine, und Christiaan Heij. „Improved Strategies for the Maritime Industry to Target Vessels for Inspection and to Select Inspection Priority Areas“. Safety 6, Nr. 2 (31.03.2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety6020018.

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Inspection authorities such as the Port State Control Memoranda of Understanding use different policies and targeting methods to select vessels for inspections and rely primarily on past inspection outcomes. One of the main goals of inspections is to improve the safety quality of vessels and to reduce the probability of future incidents. This study shows there is room for improvement in targeting vessels for inspections and in determining vessel-specific inspection priority areas (e.g., bridge management versus machinery related items). For the year 2018, sixty percent of vessels that experienced very serious or serious (VSS) incidents were not selected for inspection up to three months prior to the incident and forty percent of the vessels that were inspected still had incidents of which only four percent were detained. Furthermore, one can observe a very low correlation (−0.04) between the probabilities of detention and incidents (VSS) for the year 2018. The proposed approach treats detention and incident types as separate risk dimensions and evaluates seven targeting methods against random selection of vessels using empirical data for 2018. The analysis is based on three comprehensive data sets that cover the world fleet and shows potential gains (reduction of false negative events) of 14–27 percent compared to random selection. This can be further improved by adding eight inspection priority risk areas that help inspectors to focus inspections by providing insight in the individual risk profile of vessels. Policy makers can further customize the approach by classifying the risk of vessels into categories and by selecting inspection targets and benchmark samples. A small application example is provided to demonstrate feasibility of the proposed approach for policy makers and inspection authorities.

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Tokuomi, Saeko, Kazuya Mori und Akihiro Miura. „Remote-Controlled Visual Inspection Machine for Bridge Supports“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1665.

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We have developed a remote-controlled visual inspection machine for bridge supports. This inspection machine adheres to concrete structures using two sets of suction cups, and ascends by alternating movements of the two sets of suction cups. Attached to the inspection machine is a CCD video camera. Video data of the condition of bridge supports is transmitted wirelessly to the operator. The visual inspection machine can ascend vertical concrete structures and then inspect bridge supports by moving horizontally. The maximum height the machine is capable of inspecting is limited by the length of the power cables as well as the weight. It will be able to inspect higher bridge supports when the weight of power cables can be reduced. The weight and the dimensions of the testing machine are about 17 kg and 84 cm by 72cm, respectively

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Tsukada, Toshihiko, Kazunori Higuchi, Osamu Ozeki und Shin Yamamoto. „Three-Dimensional Vision Sensor for Inspection of Painted Automotive Body Dimensions“. IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 113, Nr. 12 (1993): 1144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.113.12_1144.

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Deng, Shanxi, Zhanyong Hong, Guoqiang Lv und Yongyue Yang. „On-line inspection system for train wheel dimensions“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 13 (01.01.2005): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/13/1/040.

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Protopopov, V. „Heterodyne polarimetry technology for inspection of critical dimensions“. EPJ Web of Conferences 5 (2010): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20100502006.

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Chen, Wen Hua, Shu Lin Wang und Rui Hua You. „Analysis on Measurement Errors of Critical Dimensions of HSK Cone and its Application“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (Dezember 2012): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.611.

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The manufacture and assembly accuracy of the HSK taper inspection gauge directly influences the measurement precision. Take the large taper measuring head of the HSK-A63 taper inspection gauge as the research object, analyzed the measurement errors caused by its mounting position deviations, obtained corresponding formulas. Based on the structure of the inspection gauge and the moderate accuracy required by machinery manufacture and mechanical assembly, assigned value for each parameter, and the specific measurement errors were calculated. Guiding suggestions for the manufacture and assembly of the HSK taper inspection gauge were proposed.

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Prados Sesmero, Carlos, Luca Rosario Buonocore und Mario Di Castro. „Omnidirectional Robotic Platform for Surveillance of Particle Accelerator Environments with Limited Space Areas“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 14 (19.07.2021): 6631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146631.

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Intelligent robotic systems are becoming essential for inspections and measurements in harsh environments. This article presents the design of an omnidirectional robotic platform for tunnel inspection with spatial limitations. This robot was born from the need to automate the surveillance process of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), where there is remaining radiation. The accelerator is located within a tunnel that is divided by small doors of 400 × 200 mm dimensions, through which the robot has to cross. The designed robot brings a robotic arm, and the needed devices to carry out the inspection. Thanks to this design, the robot application may vary by replacing certain devices and tools. In addition, this paper presents the kinematic and dynamic control models for the robotic platform.

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Song, Haicheng, und Noritaka Yusa. „Experimental verification of improved probability of detection model considering the effect of sensor’s location on low frequency electromagnetic monitoring signals“. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, Nr. 1-4 (10.12.2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209322.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a promising method for maintaining the integrity of structures. A reasonable approach is necessary to quantify its detection uncertainty by taking into account the effect of random sensor locations on inspection signals. Recent studies of the authors proposed a model that adopts Monte Carlo simulation to numerically obtain the distribution of inspection signals influenced by random sensor locations. This model can evaluate the effect not only of multiple defect dimensions but also of the placement of sensors on the detection uncertainty. However, its effectiveness has only been confirmed using pseudo-experimental signals generated by artificial pollution. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the proposed model in quantifying the detection uncertainty of SHM methods using the experimental signals of low frequency electromagnetic monitoring for inspecting wall thinning in pipes. The results confirm the capability of the proposed model to correctly characterize the distribution of inspection signals affected by random sensor locations and to determine the reasonable probability of detection.

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Wang, Youli, Xiaohui Wang, Xueliang Zhang und Jianmei Wang. „Establishment and application of an assembly dimension model based on shortest path“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, Nr. 3 (11.04.2016): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416641595.

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This article presents a new approach for obtaining unique dimensioning for each part and building a full-dimension model of assembly dimensions by describing the formative paths of functional dimensions in an assembly. According to the structure and the functional dimensions of an assembly, as well as the principles that ‘the path should be the shortest’, ‘high precision should be given priority’ and ‘one surface can appear only once in the path graph’, the shortest path graph of the functional dimensions can be established first, ensuring that every functional dimension has minimum accumulative errors. The revised path graph is obtained by revising the shortest path graph according to structural characteristics, inspection and dimensioning regulation of parts. In this way, unique dimensioning is achieved for each part, and a full correlative dimension model can be established. A gearbox assembly and a ball screw assembly are used to verify the proposed method, but this article discusses only the assembly that is generally located in a certain direction. Over-location, planar or spatial assemblies require further research.

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Wang, Mao-Jiun J., Colin G. Drury und Michael L. Raulin. „An Evaluation of the IPI-Inspection Test“. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, Nr. 13 (September 1986): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001314.

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The Color Video Comparator (CVC), a semiautomated inspection device was used to assess the validity of a commercially available selection test for inspectors published by Industrial Psychology, Inc. (IPI). The IPI battery included five aptitude subtests (Blocks, Dimensions, Tools, Precision, and Parts). Factor analysis was performed to determine the underlying factor patterns measured by the IPI-inspection tests. Also, Pearson correlations were performed to evaluate the strength of associations between IPI-inspection tests scores and different inspection performance measures. The results, in general, suggested that the IPI-inspection tests which measure multiple attributes demonstrate a predictive ability for many performance measures of the CVC inspection task.

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Meier, Nicolas, und Anthimos Georgiadis. „Optical Part Measuring inside a Milling Machine“. Key Engineering Materials 613 (Mai 2014): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.613.440.

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The dimensions of a workpiece have been measured during the milling process using a 3D laser inspection system. Re-clamping of the work piece has been avoided but a short interruption of the milling process took place. All three dimensions of the part have been measured, height and width using a profile scanning devise based on the laser triangulation method and the length using also the displacement features of the machine tool. Gauge blocks with the reference dimension of 4, 8, 10, 14, 18 and 23 mm have been used for the verification of the measurements. The measured values for the height deviate from the real value between 0 to 19 μm. The deviations of the length lie between 0 and 33 μm. The deviations of the width are higher and they lie between 0 and 150 μm, because of the scanning steps of the devise. The measurement of the width could be improved using a second scanner perpendicular to the first one in order to achieve an overall part inspection with deviations lower than 33 μm.

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Amerada Hess Limited und R. G. J. Winchester. „Apparatus for magnetic particle inspection with an adjustable cable for magnetizing inspection areas of variable dimensions“. NDT & E International 24, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1991): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90008-q.

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Allen, David W., Ivan L. Howell, Charles J. McIntyre, Jacob J. Reiser, James D. Machin, Charles D. Hettema und Craig J. Madden. „Propeller Geometric Parameter Extraction From Inspection Data Clouds“. Journal of Ship Production 21, Nr. 04 (01.11.2005): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2005.21.4.203.

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Methods and conventions for propeller geometric parameter extraction from inspection data clouds are presented. Steps in the extraction process include constructing a representation of the inspected propeller from inspection data clouds, constructing sections through the representation, mapping the sections from three to two dimensions, and computing propeller parameters for the sections.

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Hassan, Mohammed H., und Safaa L. Diab. „Visual inspection of dimensions and positions of geometrical quality characteristics“. International Journal of Quality and Innovation 1, Nr. 4 (2011): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijqi.2011.043489.

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Koc, Piotr. „Measuring Non-electoral Political Participation: Bi-factor Model as a Tool to Extract Dimensions“. Social Indicators Research 156, Nr. 1 (19.02.2021): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02637-3.

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AbstractPolitical participation is a mainstay of political behavior research. One of the main dilemmas many researchers face pertains to the number of dimensions of political participation, i.e. whether we should model political participation as a unidimensional or multidimensional latent construct. Over the years, scholars usually have favored the solution with more than one dimension of political participation and they have backed the claim of multiple dimensions with a number of empirical tests. In this paper, I argue that the results from the frequently used testing procedures which rely on the model fit inspection and the Kaiser criterion can be very misleading and may yield in extracting too many dimensions. By employing bi-factor modeling to a European Social Survey dataset, I show that in a majority of countries political participation can be considered an essentially unidimensional latent quantity. I demonstrate that additional dimensions of political participation are very weak and unreliable and that we cannot regress them on external variables nor build composite scores based on them. These findings cast doubt on the conclusions of numerous previous studies where researchers modeled more than one dimension of political participation.

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Liu, Yuming, Shucheng Yang, Wenyan Guan, Zhe Han und Yangdong Qian. „Design of AR Inspection System for Protection Equipment of Intelligent Substation“. E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501036.

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According to the requirements of on-site inspection for protection equipment in intelligent substation, combined with spatial anchor, an AR inspection system with man in the loop and virtual reality integration is proposed based on the augmented reality technology. The overall design is carried out from multiple dimensions such as system architecture, business functions, business processes and network topology, and the technical methods and key technology implementation methods such as target recognition, spatial positioning, and near-eye display are elaborated in detail, the implementation of inspection task is verified by field application from macro and micro scales. The system realizes the enhanced display of real equipment in physical space and various equipment status, monitoring data, operation and maintenance information in virtual space, assists personnel to carry out inspection activities such as inspection route navigation, equipment location, inspection operation and process record, improves the patrol quality, efficiency and upgrade methods, it has important application value.

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Davoust, Marie-Ève, Laurent Le Brusquet und Gilles Fleury. „Robust estimation of flaw dimensions using remote field eddy current inspection“. Measurement Science and Technology 17, Nr. 11 (13.10.2006): 3006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/11/021.

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Pérez, Javier, Jose-Luis Guardiola, Alberto J. Perez und Juan-Carlos Perez-Cortes. „Probabilistic Evaluation of 3D Surfaces Using Statistical Shape Models (SSM)“. Sensors 20, Nr. 22 (17.11.2020): 6554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226554.

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Inspecting a 3D object which shape has elastic manufacturing tolerances in order to find defects is a challenging and time-consuming task. This task usually involves humans, either in the specification stage followed by some automatic measurements, or in other points along the process. Even when a detailed inspection is performed, the measurements are limited to a few dimensions instead of a complete examination of the object. In this work, a probabilistic method to evaluate 3D surfaces is presented. This algorithm relies on a training stage to learn the shape of the object building a statistical shape model. Making use of this model, any inspected object can be evaluated obtaining a probability that the whole object or any of its dimensions are compatible with the model, thus allowing to easily find defective objects. Results in simulated and real environments are presented and compared to two different alternatives.

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Kulchitskiy, Aleksandr. „Optical Inspection Systems for Axisymmetric Parts with Spatial 2D Resolution“. Symmetry 13, Nr. 7 (07.07.2021): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071218.

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The article proposes a solution to the problem of increasing the accuracy of determining the main shaping dimensions of axisymmetric parts through a control system that implements the optical method of spatial resolution. The influence of the projection error of a passive optical system for controlling the geometric parameters of bodies of revolution from the image of its sections, obtained by a digital camera with non-telecentric optics, on the measurement accuracy is shown. Analytical dependencies are derived that describe the features of the transmission of measuring information of a system with non-telecentric optics in order to estimate the projection error. On the basis of the obtained dependences, a method for compensating the projection error of the systems for controlling the geometry of the main shaping surfaces of bodies of revolution has been developed, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of determining dimensions when using digital cameras with a resolution of 5 megapixels or more, equipped with short-focus lenses. The possibility of implementing the proposed technique is confirmed by the results of experimental studies.

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Bill Tseng, Tzu-Liang, Aditya Chilukuri, Sang C. Park und Yongjin James Kwon. „Automated quality characterization of 3D printed bone scaffolds“. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 1, Nr. 3 (01.07.2014): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7315/jcde.2014.019.

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Abstract Optimization of design is an important step in obtaining tissue engineering scaffolds with appropriate shapes and inner microstructures. Different shapes and sizes of scaffolds are modeled using UGS NX 6.0 software with variable pore sizes. The quality issue we are concerned is the scaffold porosity, which is mainly caused by the fabrication inaccuracies. Bone scaffolds are usually characterized using a scanning electron microscope, but this study presents a new automated inspection and classification technique. Due to many numbers and size variations for the pores, the manual inspection of the fabricated scaffolds tends to be error-prone and costly. Manual inspection also raises the chance of contamination. Thus, non-contact, precise inspection is preferred. In this study, the critical dimensions are automatically measured by the vision camera. The measured data are analyzed to classify the quality characteristics. The automated inspection and classification techniques developed in this study are expected to improve the quality of the fabricated scaffolds and reduce the overall cost of manufacturing.

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Perez, J., R. Hunter, J. C. Hernandez und Antonio Vizan Idoipe. „Fixture Design Process Automation for Coordinate Measuring Machines: A Knowledge-Based Approach“. Materials Science Forum 526 (Oktober 2006): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.526.103.

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Nowadays, the inspection process is an essential part of the manufacturing process, where a product is subjected to verification of the geometric features, dimensions and tolerance specifications with respect to the product design specifications. One of the most interesting topics in the automation of the inspection process is the right fixture design. In the fixture design process we have used the information provided by the part design and manufacturing process. However, the lack of integration and structuring of this information results in one of the most important problems, producing an increase in the time and cost implied in the development of the fixture design and its implementation. For this reason, this work presents a knowledge model for the inspection fixture design process for a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), which allows the automation of the inspection fixture design process to be made easier, reducing time and cost associated to the inspection process and to the manufacturing process in general.

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Li, Jianxiong, Qian Zhou, Xinghui Li, Ruiming Chen und Kai Ni. „An Improved Low-Noise Processing Methodology Combined with PCL for Industry Inspection Based on Laser Line Scanner“. Sensors 19, Nr. 15 (02.08.2019): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153398.

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This paper introduces a three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data obtained method based on a laser line scanner and data processing technology via a PCL open project. This paper also provides a systematical analysis of the error types of laser line scanner and common error reducing solutions and calibration of the laser line scanner. The laser line scanner is combined with a precision motorized stage to obtain the 3D information of a measurand, and the format of point cloud data is converted via the set of x, y, and z coordinates. The original signal is processed according to the noise signal types of the raw point cloud data. This paper introduced a denoise process step by step combining various segmentation methods and a more optimized three-dimensional data model is obtained. A novel method for industry inspection based on the numerous point cloud for the dimensions evaluation via feature extraction and the deviation of complex surface between scanned point cloud and designed point cloud via registration algorithm is proposed. Measurement results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed methods. An obtained point cloud precision of ±10 μm is achieved, and the precision of dimension evaluation is less than ±40 μm. The results shown in the research demonstrated that the proposed method allows a higher precision and relative efficiency in measurement of dimensions and deviation of complex surfaces in industrial inspection.

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Weimer, Daniel, Silke Huferath von Luepke, Andreas Tausendfreund, Ralf B. Bergmann, Gert Goch und Bernd Scholz-Reiter. „Dimensional In Situ Shape and Surface Inspection of Metallic Micro Components in Micro Bulk Manufacturing“. Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.493.

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A rising trend to miniaturization and function integration requires new materials, tools, manufacturing setups and quality inspection strategies for mass production of micro mechanical systems (MMS). In most scenarios, quality inspection is carried out manually. An expert takes samples out of the manufacturing process and investigates them by means of tactile or optical measurement systems. This time consuming quality inspection process leads to low inspection rates, especially in bulk manufacturing processes, where manufacturing frequencies of 400 parts per minute are common. This contribution introduces an automated optical quality inspection method based on a digital holographic system, which acquires 2D texture and 3D shape information in one single measurement step. Based on 3D data, an automated point separation algorithm splits the measured object shape into elementary geometries and calculates form and position deviations compared to an object model. In the final step, a 2D surface inspection procedure based on multi-scale texture analysis detects surface defects with respect to the separated elementary geometries and fuses the result from the 3D shape and the 2D texture analysis to a final rejection decision. The capability of the proposed quality inspection method is demonstrated in a micro cold forming scenario, where a micro cup smaller than 1 mm in all geometric dimensions is the object under investigation.

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Staniek, Marcin. „STEREO VISION METHOD APPLICATION TO ROAD INSPECTION“. Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, Nr. 1 (24.03.2017): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.05.

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The paper presents the stereo vision method for the mapping of road pavement. The mapped road is a set of points in three-dimensional space. The proposed method of measurement and its implementation make it possible to generate a precise mapping of a road surface with a resolution of 1 mm in transverse, longitudinal and vertical dimensions. Such accurate mapping of the road is the effect of application of stereo images based on image processing technologies. The use of matching measure CoVar, at the stage of images matching, help eliminate corner detection and filter stereo images, maintaining the effectiveness of the algorithm mapping. The proper analysis of image-based data and application of mathematical transformations enable to determine many types of distresses such as potholes, patches, bleedings, cracks, ruts and roughness. The paper also aims at comparing the results of proposed solution and reference test-bench. The statistical analysis of the differences permits the judgment of error types.

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Rys, Malgorzata, und Stephan Konz. „An Evaluation of Floor Surfaces“. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, Nr. 8 (Oktober 1989): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300802.

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Three floor surfaces (concrete, a San-EZE-7/8″ thick resilient rubber mat, and a Traction Mat-3/8″ rubber mat with raised knob design) were evaluated based on foot dimensions, lower leg and foot temperature and body comfort. Nine college students (2 females) stood for one hour on each of the floor types performing two types of visual inspection: inspecting pennies for a particular year, and inspecting pennies for several years at a time. There was a significant difference in body comfort between floor surfaces. Both mats were better than concrete (although not always statistically significantly so). The Traction mat was better for upper, mid and lower back comfort; the San-EZE mat was better for lower leg, ankle, hindfoot and forefoot. The temperature of the calf and instep was significantly higher for both mats than for concrete.

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Al Qubaisi, Amal, Masood Badri, Jihad Mohaidat, Hamad Al Dhaheri, Guang Yang, Asma Al Rashedi und Kenneth Greer. „An analytic hierarchy process for school quality and inspection“. International Journal of Educational Management 30, Nr. 3 (11.04.2016): 437–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-09-2014-0123.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytic hierarchy planning-based framework to establish criteria weights and to develop a school performance system commonly called school inspections. Design/methodology/approach – The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model uses pairwise comparisons and a measurement scale to generate the weights for the criteria. The validity of the approach is confirmed by comparing the outputs of school inspection and the outputs of the model in a sample of schools. Findings – The framework proposed enables school management to address several issues pertaining to its competitive advantage with other schools, the two most important being establishing its performance ranking in the marketplace and identifying the service elements that most require improvement. This study develops a cohesive approach to identify which quality attributes or dimensions require attention. Research limitations/implications – For school inspections, the data collection and computational problems would increase with the increase in the number of criteria and sub-criteria, as well as the number of schools considered in the selection. Although the range of reported AHP applications is extensive in many disciplines, examples in school quality and inspection remain still rare; as a result, this study could not compare its results with other AHP applications in school inspection or assessment. Practical implications – The AHP method has the distinct advantage that it decomposes a decision problem into its constituent parts and builds hierarchies of criteria. AHP enables assessors to capture both subjective and objective evaluation measures of school quality. By providing a useful mechanism for assessing the consistency of the evaluation measures and alternatives, the AHP reduces bias in decision making. Social implications – The AHP model also provides a more systematic evaluation of a given school’s qualitative performance criteria. The proposed AHP model is attractive to assessors and decision makers because its pairwise comparison procedure enables them to offer a relative (rather than absolute) individual criterion assessment on those qualitative factors. Originality/value – The AHP model could become a sustainable component of overall school system quality improvement by maturing over time. The AHP annual scores could be used as realistic and measureable gauges for measuring school improvement.

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Шакало, Руслан Юрьевич, und Марек Халимонюк. „МЕТОДЫ КОНТРОЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕЙ ПОЛОСТИ ОХЛАЖДАЕМЫХ ЛОПАТОК ТВД С ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫМИ СИСТЕМАМИ ОХЛАЖДЕНИЯ“. Aerospace technic and technology, Nr. 8 (31.08.2019): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.8.20.

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The cooled turbine blades are very complex, labor-intensive parts, both for manufacturing and for inspection. With the development of aviation gas-turbine engines, the design of cooled turbine blades is becoming more complicated. To create new promising cooled turbine blades requires the introduction of new advanced manufacturing technologies and new progressive methods of dimensional control. This paper discusses the existing methods of inspection, which are used in the manufacture of turbine blades in mass production. Their advantages and disadvantages are given. The results of the work carried out in the framework of the international project "AERO.UA" are presented. The work was carried out to develop the inspection method of the internal cavity of the high-pressure turbine (HPT) blade with a promising cooling system developed at Ivchenko-Progress. The inspection of the internal cavity of the HPT blade with a promising cooling system was performed using computed tomography. Computed tomography performed at the Air Force Institute of Technology (ITWL) Warsaw on the General Electric X-Ray phoenix V | tome | X m tomograph. According to the results of testing the inspection method, the possibility of identifying manufacturing defects, the detection of which under the conditions of steady-state production is associated with very labor-intensive operations, is shown, and in some cases, inspection is impossible at all without destroying the part or performing expensive repairs. An assessment was made of the possibility of monitoring the geometrical dimensions of the internal cavity and external surfaces of cooled turbine blades. With the use of computed tomography, the dimensional control is possible with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. But to bind the blades to the base surfaces specified in the drawing when scanning, you must use a special snap. To confirm the possibility of controlling the dimensions specified in the drawing, it is necessary to continue work on scanning the cooled turbine blades using special tools.

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KHARRAT, M., M. N. ICHCHOU, O. BAREILLE und W. ZHOU. „PIPELINE INSPECTION USING A TORSIONAL GUIDED-WAVES INSPECTION SYSTEM. PART 2: DEFECT SIZING BY THE WAVE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD“. International Journal of Applied Mechanics 06, Nr. 04 (09.07.2014): 1450035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825114500355.

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This paper represents the second part of the work that considers the identification and sizing of machined defects in a pipeline. This study deals with the torsional-mode reflection from defects and structural singularities in an industrial pipeline in order to perform the defect sizing. The wave finite element method (WFEM) is used to construct a numerical database of reflection coefficients from rectangular defects by varying thickness, axial and circumferential extents. Calculation is made depending on the frequency. The approximation of defects' sizes is carried out by sweeping the numerical database to find the suitable combination of dimensions for a given defect. The axial and circumferential extents are evaluated by fixed intervals for each possible thickness. Reflections from structural singularities (elbows, concrete blocks, clamps and welds) are also treated by comparing reflection coefficients obtained by the WFEM to those evaluated experimentally. Results show a good agreement for most of the structural singularities but not for the others.

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Deary, Ian J. „Reductionism and intelligence: the case of inspection time“. Journal of Biosocial Science 28, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1996): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022501.

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Successes in science tend to be successful attempts at reduction and causal interaction. The reduction of the interaction of bodies to the laws of motion and the reduction of chemical phenomena to elements and their interactions are good examples. In these cases reductionism leads to observed phenomena being explained by a relatively small number of basic concepts and the laws which govern the interaction of the concepts. The spectrum of inquiry that stretches from common sense to scientific psychology is infused with a tendency toward reductionism. Hippocrates and Galen originated and developed, respectively, the notion that temperamental differences might be reducible to the amounts of four bodily fluids, or humours (black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm), that a person produced. Astrologers reduced stable personality differences to the positions of the stars and planets at the time of birth. And differential psychologists have reduced the personality trait adjectives contained in the lexicon to about five major dimensions.

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Ghafoor, Imran, Peter W. Tse, Javad Rostami und Kim-Ming Ng. „Non-Contact Inspection of Railhead via Laser-Generated Rayleigh Waves and an Enhanced Matching Pursuit to Assist Detection of Surface and Subsurface Defects“. Sensors 21, Nr. 9 (24.04.2021): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092994.

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Laser ultrasonic technology can provide a non-contact, reliable and efficient inspection of train rails. However, the laser-generated signals measured at the railhead are usually contaminated with a high level of noise and unwanted wave components that complicate the identification of defect echoes in the signal. This study explores the possibility of combining laser ultrasonic technology (LUT) and an enhanced matching pursuit (MP) to achieve a fully non-contact inspection of the rail track. A completely non-contact laser-based inspection system was used to generate and sense Rayleigh waves to detect artificial surface horizontal, surface edge, subsurface horizontal and subsurface vertical defects created at railheads of different dimensions. MP was enhanced by developing two novel dictionaries, which include a finite element method (FEM) simulation dictionary and an experimental dictionary. The enhanced MP was used to analyze the experimentally obtained laser-generated Rayleigh wave signals. The results show that the enhanced MP is highly effective in detecting defects by suppressing noise, and, further, it could also overcome the deficiency in the low repeatability of the laser-generated signals. The comparative analysis of MP with both the FEM simulation and experimental dictionaries shows that the enhanced MP with the FEM simulation dictionary is highly efficient in both noise removal and defect detection from the experimental signals captured by a laser-generated ultrasonic inspection system. The major novelty contributed by this research work is the enhanced MP method with the developments of, first, an FEM simulation dictionary and, second, an experimental dictionary that is especially suited for Rayleigh wave signals. Third, the enhanced MP dictionaries are created to process the Rayleigh wave signals generated by laser excitation and received using a 3D laser scanner. Fourth, we introduce a pioneer application of such laser-generated Rayleigh waves for inspecting surface and subsurface detects occurring in train rails.

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Xu, Ke, Peng Zhou und Chao Lin Yang. „Application of Fractal Dimension Feature to Recognition of Surface Defects on Hot-Rolled Strips“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (Januar 2012): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.526.

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Because steel strips are covered with scales and water during hot-rolling, it is difficult to recognize the defects from images of hot-rolled strips through conventional methods. Principles and characteristics of fractal dimensions were studied, and computation of the fractal dimensions of the defect images with Peleg Covered Carpet is presented. Fractal dimensions of piecewise linearly transformed and smoothed images were used as features for classification of defects. These features were inputted to train the AdaBoost classifier. Experiments with samples of pimples, shells and scales from a real surface inspection system of hot-rolled strips showed that it is effective to recognized scales from other defects, and the total classification rate of this method is higher than 90%.

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Ye, Jing, Guisuo Xia, Fang Liu, Ping Fu und Qiangqiang Cheng. „Weld defect inspection based on machine vision and weak magnetic technology“. Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, Nr. 9 (01.09.2021): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.9.547.

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This study proposes a weld defect inspection method based on a combination of machine vision and weak magnetic technology to inspect the quality of weld formation comprehensively. In accordance with the principle of laser triangulation, surface information about the weldment is obtained, the weld area is extracted using mutation characteristics of the weld edge and an algorithm for identifying defects with abnormal average height in the weld surface is proposed. Subsequently, a welding seam inspection process is developed and implemented, which is composed of a camera, a structured light sensor, a magnetic sensor and a motion control system. Inspection results from an austenitic stainless steel weldment show that the method combining machine vision and magnetism can identify defect locations accurately. Comprehensive analysis of the test results can effectively classify surface and internal defects, estimate the equivalent sizes of defects and evaluate the quality of weld formation in multiple dimensions.

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Hill, H. H., und S. J. Martin. „Conventional analytical methods for chemical warfare agents“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, Nr. 12 (01.01.2002): 2281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274122281.

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Analytical methods that are currently used for the detection and identification of chemical warfare agents are reviewed and classified by the number of dimensions of information they provide. Single dimensional sensors target specific compounds or classes of compounds. Although they can be less expensive and more portable than multidimensional sensors, multidimensional sensors detect a broader threat spectrum with greater precision and accuracy. The recommendation for analytical field verification during inspections under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is to use simple two-dimensional analytical methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) or ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), for on-site screening of chemical weapons (CW) agents or to fully equip a modern, mobile analytical laboratory located in an airplane, which can be moved rapidly throughout the world to each inspection site and provide high-quality analytical data on-site.

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Dijksterhuis, Garmt. „European dimensions of coffee: Rapid inspection of a data set using Q-PCA“. Food Quality and Preference 9, Nr. 3 (Mai 1998): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(97)00037-2.

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Higuchi, Kazunori, Osamu Ozeki und Shin Yamamoto. „Inspection System for Automotive Body Panel Dimensions using a 3-D Vision Sensor“. IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 112, Nr. 2 (1992): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.112.2_117.

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Li, Yan, Miao Hu und Taiyong Wang. „Visual inspection of weld surface quality“. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, Nr. 4 (21.10.2020): 5075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-179993.

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Welding is an important method for modern material processing. In actual processing, due to the influence of processing accuracy and welding thermal deformation, various defects often appear in the appearance of the weld. At present, visual inspection is mainly used for the appearance inspection of welds. The detection of weld defects mainly depends on the work experience of the staff. Based on the above background, the purpose of this article is to visually inspect the weld surface quality. This article uses visually obtained fringe images of weld contours as information sources to explore a visual-based weld appearance detection algorithm, including the measurement of weld formation dimensions and the detection of weld appearance defects. This algorithm overcomes manual measurements of the misjudgments and omissions caused by eye fatigue and experience differences. It improves the efficiency and accuracy of welding appearance inspection, and meets the needs of automation and intelligence of the entire welding process. In this paper, a subpixel stripe centerline extraction algorithm based on the combination of the Hessian matrix method and the center of gravity method is used; to further improve the accuracy of the extraction of the centerline of the weld seam, this article also performs the work of removing the wrong points and the compensation of the broken seam. Obtain a fringe centerline with better connectivity. Comparing the extraction algorithms of each centerline, the centerline obtained by this method has high accuracy, less time-consuming and high stability. It laid the foundation for the subsequent inspection of weld appearance. Through the training of the model, the accurate classification and recognition of surface defects of tube and plate welds have been achieved. The experimental results show that the improved vision-based welding surface defect recognition and classification proposed in this paper has better performance and accuracy. Up to 96.34%.

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Konar, R., und M. Mician. „Ultrasonic Inspection Techniques Possibilities for Centrifugal Cast Copper Alloy“. Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, Nr. 2 (27.06.2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0047.

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Abstract The article deals with ultrasonic testing possibilities of the copper alloy centrifugal casts. It focused on the problems that arise when testing of castings is made of non-ferrous materials. Most common types of casting defects is dedicated in theoretical introduction of article. Ultrasonic testing technique by conventional ultrasound system is described in the theoretical part too. Practical ultrasonic testing of centrifugal copper alloy cast - brass is in experimental part. The experimental sample was part of centrifugally cast brass ring with dimensions of Ø1200x34 mm. The influence of microstructure on ultrasonic attenuation and limitations in testing due to attenuation is describes in experimental part. Conventional direct single element contact ultrasound probe with frequencies of 5 MHz, 3.5 MHz and 2 MHz were used for all experimental measurements. The results of experimental part of article are recommendations for selecting equipment and accessories for casting testing made of non-ferrous metals.

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Singh, Gurvinder, Chet Suresh, John Thornell und Woo Young Han. „High Speed Fluorescent Inspection of Non-visible defects“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, Nr. 1 (01.10.2016): 000540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-poster8.

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Abstract The semiconductor industry continues to drive down defectivity rates, especially as the liability to ship replacement parts for field failures is pushed back into the supply chain. As dimensions are driven down to finer pitch, there are a certain class of defects that are caused by organic residue. Inspection using white light for advanced packaging is well known. However, organic residue defects appear transparent to white light but can be the root cause of field reliability issues. Residue on top of a bump, as an example, could cause damage to the part when operating at high temperatures in the field. Up until now, such an inspection would have been performed either using a manual fluorescent microscope or not at all. A well understood capability gap in the industry, defects due to organic residue are present in copper pillar bump and wafer level chip scale packages – both fan-in and fan-out, as well as packages based on organic substrate. This paper presents data from high-speed fluorescent inspection that could address this problem in a unique way that was not possible up until now.

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Wu, Xiang, Ai Guo Li, De Feng Wu und Zi Ma. „Calibration of Line Structured Light Sensor for Robotic Inspection System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (Dezember 2010): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.702.

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With the development of the green manufacture, a robotic inspection system is presented to meet the requirement of remanufacturing engineering. It solves the problem of acquiring the information of the three dimensions (3D) shape feature in a timely and effective manner. As to set up this system efficiently, a calibration approach of the main part of the system, the line structured light sensor, based on a six degree of freedom (6-DOF) robot is proposed. This approach takes the advantage of the flexibility of the robot for simplifying the traditional sensor calibration approach and generates the calibration control points with concentric circle to refine the precision of locating its center. The actual experiment demonstrates that this approach is suitable for field calibration with conveniences and good accuracy.

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Zedalis, Rex J. „Untying the Gordian Knot: Evaluating the Legal Dimensions of the UN Weapons Inspection Programme in Iraq and Rethinking the Future“. Leiden Journal of International Law 12, Nr. 2 (Juni 1999): 297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000138.

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A variety of legal problems exist with the UN weapons inspection régime applicable to Iraq. These problems hinder the assurance that Iraq can be disarmed of the ability to produce biological or chemical weapons. Given this fact, the stalemate produced by the mid-December 1998 air strikes against that country might be best resolved by a reconfigured inspection program which aims at addressing Iraqi weapons of mass destruction efforts in the context of global security policy regarding such weaponry, with due account taken of the desires of Iraq's neighbors and the importance of reintegrating that nation into the world community.

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Straka, Ľuboslav, und Radoslav Kreheľ. „Determination of the Suitability of the Method Used for Evaluation Measurement Equipment Capability“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.118.

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Complex quality evaluation of manufacturing and control process is based on assessment of capability of measuring equipment. Substantiation of measuring equipment capability is evoked by constantly growing need to prove suitability of chosen inspection method from a view of global approach to inspection process. The contribution described evaluation of capability of digital indicator within its entire measuring range (0 to 12.7 mm) by the means of measurement equipment index Cgm and Measurement equipment index Golden Device Cgmk. Evaluation of capability of the given measuring equipment digital indicator Mitutoyo was carried out by repeated measurements of standards with dimensions representing lower, middle and upper range of the measuring instrument at given accuracy of measuring equipment 2μm.

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Rideout, David. „Infrared Laser Confocal Microscopy: Fast, Flexible, Cost-Effective Inspection and Metrology Tool for Microelectronic Manufacturing“. Microscopy Today 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 2007): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950005118x.

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Microelectronics and semiconductor wafer manufacturing are among the fastest evolving technology industries today. Wafer sizes typically are 200 mm to 300 mm while critical dimensions are shrinking to 0.09 μm and smaller. As the size of discrete devices continues to be reduced while device density increases, the need for fast, accurate, flexible metrology and inspection tools in the microelectronics industry grows.Back in the early 1980's, semiconductor inspection was performed primarily by brightfield optical microscopes and with automated detection tools. The adaptation of automated detection tools led to the systematic control of increasingly smaller defects. The smallest detectable defect using these automated tools fell to below the 0.30-micron mark during the 1990's.

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Mahoney, Murray, Sam Sanderson, Peter Maak, Russell Steel, Jon Babb und Dale Fleck. „Friction Stir Welding of Carbon Steel for Application in Used Fuel Containers“. Materials Science Forum 783-786 (Mai 2014): 1753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1753.

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Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is being investigated as a method to fabricate a partial penetration closure weld of the steel vessel of a copper-coated used fuel container. The hemi-head is made of A516 Grade 70 steel and the cylinder body is made of A106 Grade C steel. In this initial feasibility study, the objective is to use FSW to demonstrate the merits of FSW using flat steel plate in concert with a closure weld joint designed specifically for a cylindrical container. To complete this objective, there are two initial feasibility demonstrations. First, demonstrate the capability of FSW to create defect free welds in a corner joint design with specific dimensions (10 mm deep weld nugget). Subsequently, verify the weld quality by ultrasonic inspection and metallography. Further, characterize weld zone properties by establishing mechanical properties and hardness at room temperature, and impact toughness at-5°C. Second, demonstrate the ability to use FSW to repair defects that might occur in the initial friction stir weld. Weld repair was accomplished by intentionally creating tunnel defects by FSW, performing metallography and ultrasonic inspection to characterize the morphology of the defects, performing a second friction stir weld repair over the defects, and verifying the subsequent weld integrity by repeating the metallography and ultrasonic inspections. Results on these initial two phases of this program are presented herein.

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Chen, Yu-Liang, Xuan-Qi Liang, Zi-Rong Ye und Quang-Cherng Hsu. „Development of a Rapid Optical Measurement System for Circular Workpieces with Irregular Tooth Contours after Broaching Process“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 13 (27.06.2020): 4418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134418.

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During a manufacturing process, it is essential to quickly identify whether a tool needs to be replaced or adjusted, to ensure that production quality is not compromised. Therefore, the re-inspection of the product or first article inspection is an important process. Reducing the inspection time can reduce the time spent waiting for a product in the production line. This research aimed to design a system that can automatically and rapidly measure the dimensions of irregular tooth contours in the broaching process, to ensure cutting tools are replaced when necessary. This study developed an automatic machine for measuring the irregular tooth contours of large ring parts; the tooth root, tooth height, and tooth thickness of the workpiece are measured. The measurement diameter is approximately 200 mm, and the radial inspection accuracy is within ±20 μm; we aimed to reduce the detection time considerably. An optical micrometer and an automatic rotating platform were used in the measurement system. The workpieces to be measured were easy to install, and the eccentricity was automatically corrected by the system, thus saving time that would be taken to correct Abbe errors. This research successfully developed a rapid optical measurement system that can reduce the inspection time from 30 min to 60 s. Moreover, the maximum radial measurement error is −0.02 mm, which means that the measurement accuracy is within ±20 μm (total: 40 μm).

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Carrasco, Álvarez, Velázquez, Concha und Pérez-Cotapos. „Brush-Holder Integrated Load Sensor Prototype for SAG Grinding Mill Motor“. Electronics 8, Nr. 11 (27.10.2019): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111227.

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One of the most widely used electro-mechanical systems in large-scale mining is the electric motor. This device is employed in practically every phase of production. For this reason, it needs to be inspected regularly to maintain maximum operability, thus avoiding unplanned stoppages. In order to identify potential faults, regular check-ups are performed to measure the internal parameters of the components, especially the brushes and brush-holders. Both components must be properly aligned and calibrated to avoid electric arcs to the internal insulation of the motor. Although there is an increasing effort to improve inspection tasks, most inspection procedures are manual, leading to unnecessary costs in inspection time, errors in data entry, and, in extreme cases, measurement errors. This research presents the design, development, and assessment of an integrated measurement prototype for measuring spring tension and other key parameters in brush-holders used in electric motors. It aims to provide the mining industry with a new, fully automatic inspection system that will facilitate maintenance and checking. Our development research was carried out specifically on the brush system of a SAG grinding mill motor. These machines commonly use SIEMENS motors; however, the instrument can be easily adapted to any motor by simply changing the physical dimensions of the prototype.

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Czuchryj, J., und P. Irek. „Evaluation of pore sizes in welded joints made in various constructional materials on the basis of penetrant testing by colour method“. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0003.

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Abstract It has been compared the dimensions of indications obtained in colour liquid-penetrant inspection. The indications arose from simulated pores drilled in test elements. The series of penetrant tests included different structural materials. On the basis of test results it has been ascertained the possibility of evaluation of the pores depth as well as it has been determined recommended development times for different constructional materials

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Allen, Diane D. „Proposing 6 Dimensions Within the Construct of Movement in the Movement Continuum Theory“. Physical Therapy 87, Nr. 7 (01.07.2007): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060182.

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Background and Purpose The Movement Continuum Theory (MCT) provides a potential basis for movement assessment and intervention, but “movement” lacks specificity. The purposes of this study were to propose and evaluate a subdivision of movement into multiple dimensions. Subjects A convenience sample of 318 adults completed a 24-item self-report measure of movement ability. Methods A multimethod approach was used to identify, operationalize, and test a multidimensional model of movement. Data analysis included a comparison of the fit of unidimensional and multidimensional models using item response theory methods and inspection of response patterns. Results A model specifying 6 dimensions—flexibility, strength, accuracy, speed, adaptability, and endurance—fit respondent data significantly better than the unidimensional model, even with high pair-wise correlations between dimensions. Response patterns showed large differences rather than uniform scores across dimensions for over half of the respondents. Discussion and Conclusion Subdividing movement into the proposed dimensions fits the data and potentially strengthens the usefulness of the MCT as a theoretical foundation for managing movement effectively.

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Gottwald, Martin, und Gerhard von der Emde. „Bio-Inspired Active Electrolocation Sensors for Inspection of Tube Systems“. Advances in Science and Technology 84 (September 2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.84.45.

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At night, weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii use active electrolocation to scan their environment with self generated electric fields. Nearby objects distort the electric fields and are recognized as electric images on the electroreceptive skin surface of the animal. By analyzing the electric image, G. petersii can sense an object’s distance, dimensions and electrical properties. The principles and algorithms of active electrolocation can be applied to catheter-based sensor systems for analysing wall changes in fluid filled tube systems, for example atherosclerotic plaques of the coronary blood vessels. We used a basic atherosclerosis model of synthetic blood vessels and plaques, which were scanned with a ring electrode catheter applying active electrolocation. Based on the electric images of the plaques and the evaluation of bio-inspired image parameters, the plaque’s fine-structure could be assessed. Our results show that imaging through active electrolocation principally has the potential to detect and characterize atherosclerotic lesions.

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MOURA, D., J. GARCÍA-DÍEZ, C. SARAIVA und M. A. PIRES. „First report of granulosa cell tumour associated with an endometrial adenoma in a crossbreed cow in Portugal“. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 69, Nr. 3 (10.10.2018): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.18889.

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A 12.5 year-old female crossbred cow without clinical signs at ante mortem inspection was slaughtered. The post-mortem inspection revealed poor carcass condition, interstitial nephritis and generalized lymphadenitis. The reproductive tract presented an unilateral and highly vascularized yellowish-white mass, with huge dimensions (60 x 40 cm and 20 Kg, approximately) described as granulosa cell tumour (GCT) and a endometrial adenoma, after histopathological analysis. GCT has been described as the most frequent ovarian tumour in cattle. Since clinical signs are usually unspecific, the post mortem diagnosis by histopathology examination is always necessary. The endometrial adenoma could be asymptomatic, with only absence of calving, or associated with GCT. This is, of our knowledge, the first report of a GCT associated with endometrial adenoma in a cow in Portugal.

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