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1
Prastyaningsih, Sri Rahayu, und Anna Juliarti. „Jenis-Jenis Hama Serangga Gaharu (Aquilaria mallacensis Lamk) di Desa Kuapan, Kecamatan Tambang, Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi RIAU“. Jurnal Karya Ilmiah Multidisiplin (JURKIM) 3, Nr. 1 (11.01.2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/jurkim.v3i1.12043.
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The presence of insect pests has an important effect on the success of plant maintenance. The level of attack caused by insect pests can cause plants to die. The purpose of the study was to analyze agarwood plants that were attacked by insect pests and identify the types of insect pests that attack agarwood plants. The research method used is descriptive. The assessment of the level of damage to agarwood plants due to insect pests is calculated based on the criteria for damage caused by insect pests. Identification of insect pests is carried out directly in the field based on the activity of insects that damage agarwood plants. Based on the results of the identification of insect pests that damage agarwood plants, there are 5 types of insect pests, namely the type of White Flea (Pseudococcus sp.), Leaf Caterpillar (Heortia viitessoides), Pitama hermesalis, Coreidae and Locusta migratoria. The insect pest attack rate is 2.3% and is included in the low category. It is necessary to intensive monitoring can insect pest attacks. If the insect pests found, they should clean up the environment from pests
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Devi, Gitanjali. „Management of Dipteran Pests Through Entomopathogenic Nematodes“. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 25, Nr. 2 (07.03.2024): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2024/v25i2582.
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Dipteran insects are most destructive agricultural pests. They are also vectors of many diseases of human and animal. Much effort has been made to control this pest through chemical treatment. The application of biological control agents has been advocated as an ecofriendly control method for insect pests. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate insect parasites that can be effective biocontrol agents for many agricultural pests including many Dipteran insect pests. EPNs pose much less threat to the environment than chemical pesticides. However, several biotic and abiotic factors along with method of application influence the bioefficacy of this organism against Dipteran insects. This review paper provides an overview of developments in entomopathogenic nematode research and evaluation of their potential for use against Dipteran insect pests.
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Kusakari, Shin-ichi, Yoshinori Matsuda und Hideyoshi Toyoda. „Electrostatic Insect Repulsion, Capture, and Arc-Discharge Techniques for Physical Pest Management in Greenhouses“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 1 (21.12.2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010023.
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This article reviews the development of electrostatic apparatuses for controlling insect pests in greenhouses. The apparatuses control insects by repelling them, capturing them, and killing them by producing an arc discharge. The single-charged dipolar electric field screen (SD screen) repels insects due to insects’ inherent avoidance behavior toward entering the electric field produced. As this behavior is common to many insect pests, the SD screen effectively prevents many pests from entering a greenhouse. The double-charged dipolar electric field screen (DD screen) has a strong attractive force that captures insects entering its electric field. The DD screen is useful for capturing small insects that pass through a conventional insect net, and unique derivatives of this screen have been invented to trap various insect pests on-site in a greenhouse. An arc-discharge exposer was used as a soil cover to kill adult houseflies that emerged from underground pupae transferred along with cattle manure used for soil fertilization. The houseflies were subjected to arc discharge when they appeared at the soil surface. These apparatuses have the common characteristic of a simple structure, so ordinary workers can be encouraged to fabricate or modify them based on their own needs. This review provides an experimental basis for designing efficient physical measures for controlling insect pests in greenhouses.
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Morya, Gyan Prakash, und Wajid Hasan. „Scenario of climate change impact on insect pests in India“. International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 4, Nr. 1 (30.06.2023): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.4113.
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The climate change has been intensified the risk of climate dependent crop production. Increase in temperature can reduce crop duration, increase crop respiration rates, alter photosynthesis process and affect the survival and proliferation of pest populations. The importance of climate and weather events to the distribution of insects and their population dynamics has long been recognized. Insects are poikilothermic in nature and are directly under the control of temperature for their growth. The duration of insect life cycle is altered under increased temperature and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations resulting in variable number of generations per year. The elevated carbon dioxide concentrations are mediated through enhanced photosynthesis in plants for phytophagous insects’ growth and development. Several insect pests, that were important in the past or the minor pests are likely to become more devastating with global warming and climate change. Insect pests cause an estimated annual loss of 13.6% globally and 23.3% in India. Losses due to insect pests are likely to increase as a result of change in crop diversity and climate change. An increase of 0.4ºC average surface temperature over past century in India has led to crop insect pests losses increase from 3.0% during the pre-green revolution period to 50% during the post-green revolution period. The changes of insect pests losses has been increased up to 32%. Considerable knowledge is available on the effects of weather and climatic events on insect pests in India. But concerned to the impact of climate change on insect pests studies are in lag phase. A major portion of the cultivated areas of India covered under rainfed. The rainfed agriculture is directly reciprocal to the climate. So, any changes in the state of climate may cause crop failure due to biotic and abiotic stresses of climatic vagaries. Therefore, detailed study of the climate change scenario, its impact on insect pest management and formulation of coping strategies are of paramount importance to reduce the risk of crop failure. This paper attempt to analyse the review of reported studies on the scenario of climate change impact on insect pests in India to reduce the risk of strategy for effective insect pest management.
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Subekti, N., M. A. Syahadan und R. R. Milanio. „Comparison of the effectiveness of phostoxin fumigants for controlling insect pests warehouse Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012060.
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Abstract Insects warehouse pests contained in commodities, especially tobacco, can cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of commodities. The main pest insects found in tobacco storage warehouses are Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of phostoxin fumigants to control insect pests L. serricorne and P. phalangioides. Methods used in this study include preparation of test insects, fumigation application, identification, calculation of mortality, and data analysis. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in morphility between groups of test insects. The highest mortality was in the group of test insects L. serricorne, which indicated that phostoxin fumigants effectively controlling barn insect pests, especially L. serricorne. To control insect pests warehouses in the future, it is recommended to use biopesticides to be safer for food.
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van Huis, A. „Insect pests as food and feed“. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, Nr. 4 (11.08.2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.x004.
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When insects occur in large numbers, and these are often insect pests, people want to get rid of them. In countries where insects are already consumed, the idea of eating them is quickly formed. Harvesting them as food can be a strategy to replace other methods of control.
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Sandra, Santi, Lizawati Lizawati und Wilyus Wilyus. „DETEKSI SERANGGA HAMA PADA GUDANG PENYIMPANAN BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu) MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA METODEPENGAMBILAN SAMPEL“. Jurnal Media Pertanian 6, Nr. 1 (06.04.2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i1.113.
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The research aims to detect insect in betel nut storage (Areca catechu) using some sampling methods. The research was conducted by survey method using three sampling methods, namely hand sampling method, yellow sticky trap method, and dome trap method. The parameters observed were types of insect pests found, insect populations obtained, and abundance of pest insect populations. The research was conducted from July to October 2018 in four betel nut storagesin Jambi City and Muaro Jambi District. Insects found in the betel nut storages with three sampling methods were 28 pest species. In the hand sampling method found 16 types of pest insects, in the yellow sticky trap trap method found 21 types of insect pests, and in the dome trap method found 21 types of insect pests. The dominant insects found in the three sampling methods were Ahasverus advena, Araecerus fasciculatus, Callosobruchus spp., Carpophilus dimidiatus, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Hypothenemus hampei, Lasioderma serricorne, Lophocateres pusillus, Oryzaephilus mercator, Typhaea stercorea, and Tribolium castaneum.
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Silva, S., und M. Fancelli. „BANANA INSECT PESTS“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 490 (September 1998): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.490.39.
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Capinera, J. L. „European Insect Pests“. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 32, Nr. 3 (01.09.1986): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/32.3.167.
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Katsaruware-Chapoto, Rumbidzai Debra, Paramu L. Mafongoya und Augustine Gubba. „Farmer Knowledge of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in the Management of Vegetable Insect Pests in Zimbabwe“. Journal of Agricultural Science 9, Nr. 12 (15.11.2017): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n12p194.
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Farmer knowledge of insect pests’ risks in a changing climate is important in managing insect pests’ incidence. A total of 250 vegetable farmers from 5 wards in Zimbabwe were sampled using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess their knowledge on climate change risk, its impact on vegetable insects pests and management strategies to reduce the increased incidence of insect pests. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations were also used. Droughts and elevated temperatures were perceived to have the greatest impact on vegetable insect pests resulting in their increased incidence. Aphids, cutworms and whiteflies were identified among the major pests that have increased. The majority (53%) of the farmers cited high vegetable losses from insect pests attack. All the respondents (100%) revealed the use of chemical insecticides during production of vegetables. A higher proportion (60%) perceived effective control, 34% perceived reduced efficacy and 6% were not sure of effectiveness of chemical insecticides. Management strategies to cope with the increasing insect pests and diseases on vegetable production also included planting insect resistant cultivars, certified seeds, increased frequency of application of synthetic insecticides, insecticide mixtures, use of more hazardous chemical insecticides and increasing the rates of application resulting in insecticide overuse. There is need for government to facilitate development and adoption of Integrated Insect Pest Management (IIPM) and raise awareness on avoiding overdependence on chemical insecticides. Modelling tools that support adaptation planning needs to be developed to forecast climate change risk and the resultant incidence of insect pests.
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Dey, Shamik, und Nandini Pal. „IMPACT OF BIO-CONTROL AGENT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF RICE INSECT PESTS“. International Journal of Biological Innovations 06, Nr. 01 (2024): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2024.6106.
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Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. Mostly lepidopteran and hemipteran like yellow stem borer and brown plant hopper respectively are the important insect pests. Concerns about chemical free agriculture have promoted widespread introduction of integrated pest management, an ecologically based approach to control the harmful insects and pests. Integrated pest management is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest population. This review article describes the impact of various biocontrol agents with respect to management of rice insect pests.
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Matsuda, Yoshinori, und Hideyoshi Toyoda. „Target-Size-Dependent Application of Electrostatic Techniques for Pest Management in Greenhouses“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 1 (30.12.2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010125.
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Two new electrostatic devices were developed to manage greenhouse insect pests. One was an electrostatic insect catcher (EIC) to trap small flying pests, and the other was an arc-discharge zapper (ADZ) to kill larger insects emerging from soil beds. The EIC consisted of negatively charged insulated conductor plates (NIPs) and grounded conductor plates (GCPs), which were alternately arrayed in parallel at defined intervals. The ADZ had the same framework as the EIC, except that the NIPs were replaced with negatively charged non-insulated iron plates (NNPs). The EIC formed a non-discharging electric field between the NIP and GCP to create an attractive force to capture insects. By contrast, the ADZ formed a discharge-generating electric field between the NNP and GCP that killed insects. The EIC was effectively applied to small pests, such as whiteflies, thrips, leaf miners, winged aphids, and shore flies, that can pass through the conventional insect-proof nets installed on greenhouse windows. The ADZ was effective for adult houseflies emerging from pupae in soil beds. Our electrostatic devices are useful for controlling insect pests of different sizes.
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Katsaruware-Chapoto, Rumbidzai D., Paramu L. Mafongoya und Augustine Gubba. „Responses of Insect Pests and Plant Diseases to Changing and Variable Climate: A Review“. Journal of Agricultural Science 9, Nr. 12 (15.11.2017): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n12p160.
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Natural and anthropogenic factors have resulted in altered environmental conditions that influence changes in abundance and diversity of insect pests. Global climate change projections focus on crop yields and adaptation strategies to declining yields and ignore the likely impact of a changing climate on insect pests and plant diseases. In this research paper, we review the effects of climate variables namely temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), precipitation and extreme weather events on insect pests and plant diseases incidence. Elevated temperatures, CO2 and extreme weather events have been shown to alter the distribution, reproductive potential, the incidence and abundance of plant insects and diseases in temperate regions because of the dependence of insects and diseases on environmental conditions. There is limited information on the influence of temperature and carbon dioxide as well as their interaction on the incidence and severity of insect pests, bacterial and viral diseases in the tropical regions. Information on the influence of altered precipitation patterns is also limited but could be of importance in insect distribution studies in a changing climate. Some tropical insects pests are most likely to suffer from extreme heat, resulting in death and hence pest extinction. Future research should focus on the interaction of elevated temperature and CO2, determine the influence of supra optimal summer temperatures, temperature variability, precipitation variability and the corresponding viral and bacterial diseases.
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Chowdhury, Zinat, Jaher Ahmed, Ashika Shitel und Sushmita Saha. „Status of the major insect pests of squash plants at fruiting stage“. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture 7, Nr. 3 (2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/faa.114314.
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Squash is a common cucurbitaceous vegetable in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is infested by a wide variety of insect pests. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to assess the status of insect pests in three different squash varieties viz., Pahu, Ahung, and SQ10 during the reproductive stage. It was observed that the total number of insect pests in the Pahu variety was significantly higher than Ahung, and SQ10. During the fruiting stage, 10 insects have been identified as harmful, while 6 were recorded as beneficial. The harmful insects were the blue pumpkin beetle, red pumpkin beetle, green long-legged fly, fruit flies, ants, blowfly, butterfly, grasshopper, house fly, and mosquito. The blue pumpkin beetle was significantly higher than all other insect species in all the varieties followed by the green long-lagged fly, the red pumpkin beetle, and fruit flies. Meanwhile, the number of butterflies and blowflies were the lowest of all the varieties. The ladybird beetle, hoverfly, tachinid fly, bumble bee, and honeybee were the most common beneficial insects found in squash fruits. However, a significant difference was observed among the beneficial insects, and the number of ladybird beetles was significantly higher than that of other insects, regardless of the variety. Therefore, the variety Pahu is considered the most susceptible to insect pests compared to Ahung and SQ10.
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Subekti, N., M. A. Syahadan und R. R. Milanio. „Comparison of the effectiveness of fumigant storin to control insect pests warehouse Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012061.
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Abstract Insects warehouse pests contained in commodities, especially tobacco, can cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of commodity. The main pest insects found in tobacco storage warehouses are Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of the use of fumigant storin to control insect pests L. serricorne and P. phalangioides. Methods used in this study include preparation of test insects, fumigation application, identification, calculation of mortality, and data analysis. The data were analyzed statistically using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in morphility between groups of test insects. Mortality is highest in the L. serricorne test insect group, which indicates that fumigant storin is very effective in controlling barn pest insects, especially L. serricorne. To control insect pests warehouses in the future, it is recommended to use biopesticides to be safer for food.
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Kabir, M. M. Moniruzzaman, Md Panna Ali, Juel Datta, S. N. Topy, A. Debonath, Saifullah Omar Nasif, Tapon Kumar Roy und ABMA Uddin. „Period of effective catching of insect pests and natural enemies in light traps“. International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 4, Nr. 1 (30.06.2023): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2023.412.
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Light trap helps to protect natural enemies and manage destructive insect pests in rice farming ecosystem. Light trapping time at night is not identified, for organic farming in farmers level its essential to identified proper timing at night. The experimental light trap was set up at Sagordi rice farm, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Barishal, during T. Aman rice season in 2019-2020. The time of catching insects by light trap were divided in six different times in a night and defined as treatments (T1= 17.20 to 18.20, T2= 18.20 to 19.20, T3= 19.20 to 20.20, T4 =20.20 to 21.20, T5=21.20 to 22.20, T6= 22.20 to rest of night insects caught at light trap) in this study. Each treatment has had four replications. Yellow sticky trap used to catch and trapped insect and natural enemyRice insect pests and their natural enemies were counted and recorded manually. The caught of yellow stem borer increased and green leafhopper were decreased from treatment, T1 to treatment, T6. During dusk to first four hours, the percentage of caught was approximately 69.28% insect pests. Overall, the percentages of insect pests trapping were 89.65% and natural enemies were 10.35% during the experimental period. The ratio of destructive insect pests caught was highest compared to that of natural enemies in light trap of rice ecosystem.
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Oberemok, Volodymyr V., Refat Z. Useinov, Oleksii A. Skorokhod, Nikita V. Gal’chinsky, Ilya A. Novikov, Tatyana P. Makalish, Ekaterina V. Yatskova et al. „Oligonucleotide Insecticides for Green Agriculture: Regulatory Role of Contact DNA in Plant–Insect Interactions“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 24 (10.12.2022): 15681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415681.
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Insects vastly outnumber us in terms of species and total biomass, and are among the most efficient and voracious consumers of plants on the planet. As a result, to preserve crops, one of the primary tasks in agriculture has always been the need to control and reduce the number of insect pests. The current use of chemical insecticides leads to the accumulation of xenobiotics in ecosystems and a decreased number of species in those ecosystems, including insects. Sustainable development of human society is impossible without useful insects, so the control of insect pests must be effective and selective at the same time. In this article, we show for the first time a natural way to regulate the number of insect pests based on the use of extracellular double-stranded DNA secreted by the plant Pittosporum tobira. Using a principle similar to one found in nature, we show that the topical application of artificially synthesized short antisense oligonucleotide insecticides (olinscides, DNA insecticides) is an effective and selective way to control the insect Coccus hesperidum. Using contact oligonucleotide insecticide Coccus-11 at a concentration of 100 ng/μL on C. hesperidum larvae resulted in a mortality of 95.59 ± 1.63% within 12 days. Green oligonucleotide insecticides, created by nature and later discovered by humans, demonstrate a new method to control insect pests that is beneficial and safe for macromolecular insect pest management.
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Morimoto, Nobuo, Keizi Kiritani, Kohji Yamamura und Takehiko Yamanaka. „Finding indications of lag time, saturation and trading inflow in the emergence record of exotic agricultural insect pests in Japan“. Applied Entomology and Zoology 54, Nr. 4 (20.09.2019): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13355-019-00640-2.
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Abstract Agricultural imports are the primary pathway for the introduction of exotic insect pests. The invasion records of exotic insect pests are also influenced by the lag time before detection and saturation caused by the limited species pool of potential invaders. We compiled an exhaustive list of exotic insect species in mainland Japan and tried to evaluate the connection between the commodity types of agricultural imports and insect types of agricultural pests, in addition to the effects of lag time and saturation. We found that lag time was prominent when all pest types were merged into one group, whilst saturation always existed when we divided the records into the four agricultural pest types. Saturation was especially prominent in stored product pests because this group contained many cosmopolitan insect pests that could have easily inhabited the newly built mills throughout Japan in the 1950s. We suspect that the saturation effect was masked by admixture amongst pests with different saturation patterns. Our findings indicate that all commodities, i.e. flowers, fruits, vegetables, cereal and timber, contributed to the invasion of pest insects as potential pathways. However, it was unclear if certain items had comparatively greater significance in this process.
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Mpumi, Nelson, Revocatus S. Machunda, Kelvin M. Mtei und Patrick A. Ndakidemi. „Selected Insect Pests of Economic Importance to Brassica oleracea, Their Control Strategies and the Potential Threat to Environmental Pollution in Africa“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 9 (08.05.2020): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093824.
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The most common destructive insect pests affecting cabbages in African smallholder farmers include Plutella xylostella, Helula undalis, Pieris brassicae, Brevycoryne brassicae, Trichoplusia ni and Myzus persicae. Those insect pests infest cabbages at different stages of growth, causing huge damage and resulting into huge yield losses. The African smallholder farmers use cultural and synthetic pesticides to control insect pests and minimize infestations. The cultural practices like crop rotation, weeding and handpicking are used to minimize the invasion of cabbage pests. However, those practices are not sufficiently enough to control cabbage insect pests although they are cheap and safe to the environment. Also, the African smallholder famers rely intensively on the application of broad-spectrum of synthetic pesticides to effectively control the cabbage pests in the field. Due to severe infestation of cabbages caused by those insects, most of African smallholder farmers decide to; first, increase the concentrations of synthetic pesticides beyond the recommended amount by manufacturers. Secondly, increase the rate of application of the synthetic pesticides throughout the growing season to effectively kill the most stubborn insect pests infesting cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Thirdly, they mix more than two synthetic pesticides for the purpose of increasing the spectrum of killing the most stubborn insect pests in the field. All those scenarios intensify the environmental pollution especially soil and water pollution. Moreover, most of insecticides sprayed are made with broad-spectrum and are hazardous chemicals posing environmental pollution and threats to natural enemies’ ecosystems. Therefore, this paper reviews Brassica oleracea var. capitata insect pests and control measures as a potential environmental pollution threat in African smallholder farmers.
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Evenden, Maya L., und Peter J. Silk. „The influence of Canadian research on semiochemical-based management of forest insect pests in Canada“. Canadian Entomologist 148, S1 (11.06.2015): S170—S209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.17.
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AbstractInsects use semiochemicals to mediate important behaviours such as mating, oviposition, and foraging for resources. Chemical ecology research aims to identify these message-bearing chemicals and develop synthetic copies of semiochemicals for use in integrated pest management (IPM). There has been, and continues to be, an extensive research effort to understand the chemical ecology of various insects considered to be pests of forests in Canada. Canadian chemical ecology research has had an impact on IPM of forest insect pests in Canada and around the world. Canadian researchers have been involved in the identification of semiochemicals used by forest insects and the development and implementation of semiochemical-based management tactics for forest pest management. Semiochemicals have been incorporated into forest pest management for a variety of insect taxa primarily as tools to monitor and control forest insect pests in Canada. The goals of the current review are to: (1) highlight research conducted on semiochemical-based management of forest pests in Canada; (2) discuss the current and potential uses of semiochemicals in IPM of forest pests in Canada; and (3) evaluate potential areas for increased research and implementation of semiochemicals into the management of forest pests in Canada.
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Styer, E. L., und J. J. Hamm. „Detection and Identification of Viruses in Economically Important Insects“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035820.
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Economically important insects include pests of plants, animals and stored products as well as insects produced commercially (honey bees, silkworms, insects for fish bait and food for birds and zoo animals). Other insects are produced in large numbers for experimental purposes, biological control of insect pests and weeds and the production of sterile insects for population suppression. Insect viruses may affect morphology, physiology and behavior, often reducing longevity and reproductive potential. Thus insect viruses can be used as biological control agents of pest insects. Insect viruses may also interfere with the production or function of biological control agents (e.g., parasitoids and predators) and insects used for research purposes. Therefore, it is advantageous to screen commercial and research colonies and imported insects for viruses.Electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens (NS EM) offers a relatively rapid and inexpensive means of screening populations of insects for the presence of viruses or viruslike particles and to monitor the progress of virus control programs.
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Das, Tanaya, Anindya Bhattacharyya und Anirban Bhar. „Linking Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microbiome to the Plant–Insect Interplay: The New Dimension of Tripartite Interaction“. Physiologia 3, Nr. 1 (06.03.2023): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physiologia3010011.
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Plants are constantly interacting with the diverse microbial community as well as insect pests throughout their life cycle. Due to their sessile nature, plants rely solely on the intracellular signaling and reprogramming of cellular events to resist against pathogens. Insect pests are usually dependent on the nutrient-rich fluid obtained from plants or directly consume plant parts to sustain their life cycle. Plants possess a plethora of microbial communities; these microbiomes constantly influence the physiology, growth, development, and immunity in plants. Hence, the phyllosphere and rhizosphere are believed to play a major role in plant-insect interaction. The phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and endosymbiotic microbiome are currently under extensive scientific investigation. Recently, the advancement of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) platforms revolutionized plant-associated microbiome analysis and has unveiled many beneficial microbial communities protecting against diverse pathogenic microorganisms and insect pests. Mycorrhiza is also an important component of the rhizosphere, as it may play a role in soil microbiota, thus indirectly influencing the interaction of insects with plants. In this regard, the present review tries to focus on some major insect pests of plants, the molecular mechanism of plant–insect interaction, and the probable role of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiome in this plant–insect encounter. This review is believed to open up a new dimension in developing resistance in plants against insect pests.
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Michael, Githae, George O. Ong’amo, John Nderitu, Gillian W. Watson und Wanja Kinuthia. „Diversity of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) attacking citrus trees in Machakos, Makueni, Kilifi and Kwale Counties, Kenya“. Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 6, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2021.275.
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Citrus farming is a major source of revenue for large and small-scale farmers in Kenya. Citrus production is confronted with threats from pests and diseases. Surveys of citrus farms in Kilifi, Kwale, Machakos and Makueni counties, Kenya in July/August (dry season) and in November/December (wet season), 2019 were conducted to identify scale insect pests (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) attacking the trees (Sapindales: Rutaceae), and their related biota. A total of 22 scale insect species belonging to four families, namely Diaspididae (armoured scales), Coccidae (soft scales), Pseudococcidae (mealybugs), and Monophlebidae (giant mealybugs) were found infesting citrus trees in the two regions surveyed. Among the scale insects reported, four species were newly introduced in Kenya; three armoured scales Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas), Parlatoria pergandii (Comstock), Aonidiella comperei (McKenzie), and a soft scale, Pulvinaria polygonata (Cockerell). The scale insects were closely associated with predators (coccinellids and lacewings) and attendant ants. This information will be helpful in the development of efficient management strategies against the scale insect pests, thus improving citrus production in Kenya. The scale insect pests identified in this study will be useful to plant quarantine facilities in Kenya to help to prevent and detect accidental introductions of exotic scale insect species.
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Lo, Peter L., Roger Wallis und David E. Bellamy. „The effectiveness of two types of adhesive for catching insects in traps“. New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (27.07.2019): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.301.
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Sticky traps for monitoring insects use polybutene adhesive (PBA) to entangle insects. This glue is effective but messy to use and an alternative, hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive (HMPSA) is available. The effectiveness of these two adhesives was compared for catching pest and beneficial insects, primarily in apples. Various types of trap with either PBA or HMSPA were placed in orchards and vineyards in Hawke’s Bay and Nelson. Eight pests from six families, six parasitoids, five predators and one pollinator were commonly recorded. Traps with HMPSA generally caught similar numbers or more of both insect pests and beneficial insects than traps with PBA. Traps with HMPSA performed better for larger insects (>1.5 mm), whereas those with PBA tended to be more effective for smaller insects. Both types of adhesive were effective for up to 4 weeks. HMPSA was effective for monitoring a range of insect pests and beneficial insects. Compared with PBA, HMPSA was more consistent and much cleaner and easier to use. It is recommended that HMPSA replaces PBA in traps for monitoring moth pests in the pipfruit industry.
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Nelly, N., H. Hamid, E. C. Lina, Yunisman und Mysyahrawati. „Stenocranus pacificus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera) are important pests on maize mix-cropped with oil palm in West Sumatra“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 974, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/974/1/012004.
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Abstract Maize is commonly planted in monoculture. However, in several areas of West Sumatra, it is also cultivated as polyculture side-by-side with oil palm. The study aimed to investigate the important pests that attacked maize plants in oil palm plantations in Pasaman, West Sumatra. This research was conducted in existing and replanting oil palm plantations. Insect pests data collection was purposive random sampled from represented plots of maize plants that were attacked by pests. Five sample plots of 1x1 m2 were taken for assessing insect pests incidence. The average number of maize plant stalks observed 32. Observations were made on the condition of the maize and oil palm agroecosystem, species and populations, and symptoms of insect pests that attack maize. The result showed that Stenocranus pacificus and Spodoptera frugiperda were the most dominant insect pests. The insects damaged the leaves and stems of maize plants. Stenocranus pacificus population was 4.45 individuals/plants, and Spodoptera frugiperda was 1.7 individuals/plants. The maize in West Pasaman is mostly planted on oil palm plantations consisting of monoculture and in oil palms that would be replanted. It was found that two insect pest species were dominant attackers, i.e., Symptoms of the attacks were seen on the leaves and stems of the plants.
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Divekar, Pratap A., Jaydeep Halder, Kuldeep Srivastava und V. Sridhar. „Emerging Insect Pests of Vegetable Crops under Changing Climate Scenario“. Vegetable Science 51, Special Is (10.02.2024): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2024.v51.spl.07.
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Crop losses in vegetables vary greatly depending on plant variety, cropping season, geographical location, and pest damage potential. Vegetable crops are heavily impacted by insect pests and diseases due to their softness, fragility and short duration in comparison to other crops. An emerging insect pest is one that has been observed in a specific crop-infested area and has progressively increased in population over time. Emerging insect pests have the potential to cause economic harm. In other words, an emerging insect pest is a pest insect whose position has shifted from minor to major or secondary to primary pest. The number of existing minor pests is increasing, as is the arrival of new ones, such as mealybugs, fruit flies, stem borers, diamondback moths among phytophagous insects and red spider mites among acarine. Recent infestations, such as South American tomato pinworm and chili black flower thrips, have caused serious damage to tomato and chili harvests. This review envisages on the variables that contribute to the establishment of new invasive pests, the persistence of main pests, general pest management practices, and integrated pest management to achieve sustainable vegetable production.
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Valdez-Ramirez, Armando, Antonio Flores-Macias, Rodolfo Figueroa-Brito, Maria E. de la Torre-Hernandez, Miguel A. Ramos-Lopez, Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros, Delia M. Becerril-Camacho und Daniel Diaz. „A Systematic Review of the Bioactivity of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) Extracts in the Control of Insect Pests“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 15 (27.07.2023): 11637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511637.
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The use of botanical extracts of the plant Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) represents a valuable alternative to control insect pests and avoid the detrimental effects on the environment and health that arise due to synthetic chemical insecticides. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the published evidence on the bioactivity of J. curcas against insect pests. Electronic databases were searched to identify studies that assessed J. curcas extracts against insect pests in various types of crops. We included 39 articles that reported the insecticidal and insectistatic activity of several botanical extracts from J. curcas against insects of eight different taxonomic orders. The evidence demonstrates that aqueous and methanolic extracts from seeds and leaves, seed oil, and petroleum ether seed extracts were effective against insect pests of stored grains, aphids of cabbage and sorghum, fruit flies, and desert locusts. The extracts caused high mortality, controlled the populations, reduced oviposition, diminished hatchability, and increased the antifeedant effect. However, the type of solvent used to obtain the botanical extract and the method of application (contact or food) are fundamental to increase its bioactivity. Therefore, botanical extracts from seeds and leaves of J. curcas should be considered as an alternative against insect pests and may be incorporated into integrative and sustainable management for insect control.
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Matsuda, Kazuhiko, Makoto Ihara und David B. Sattelle. „Neonicotinoid Insecticides: Molecular Targets, Resistance, and Toxicity“. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 60, Nr. 1 (06.01.2020): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021747.
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Neonicotinoids have been used to protect crops and animals from insect pests since the 1990s, but there are concerns regarding their adverse effects on nontarget organisms, notably on bees. Enhanced resistance to neonicotinoids in pests is becoming well documented. We address the current understanding of neonicotinoid target site interactions, selectivity, and metabolism not only in pests but also in beneficial insects such as bees. The findings are relevant to the management of both neonicotinoids and the new generation of pesticides targeting insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Zhu, Dan, Yingying Liu, Lixin Gong, Man Si, Qiuya Wang, Jiang Feng und Tinglei Jiang. „The Consumption and Diversity Variation Responses of Agricultural Pests and Their Dietary Niche Differentiation in Insectivorous Bats“. Animals 14, Nr. 5 (06.03.2024): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14050815.
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Insectivorous bats are generalist predators and can flexibly respond to fluctuations in the distribution and abundance of insect prey. To better understand the effects of bats on arthropod pests, the types of pests eaten by bats and the response of bats to insect prey need to be determined. In this study, we performed DNA metabarcoding to examine prey composition and pest diversity in the diets of four insectivorous species of bats (Hipposideros armiger, Taphozous melanopogon, Aselliscus stoliczkanus, and Miniopterus fuliginosus). We evaluated the correlation between bat activity and insect resources and assessed dietary niche similarity and niche breadth among species and factors that influence prey consumption in bats. We found that the diets of these bats included arthropods from 23 orders and 200 families, dominated by Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. The proportion of agricultural pests in the diet of each of the four species of bats exceeded 40% and comprised 713 agricultural pests, including those that caused severe economic losses. Bats responded to the availability of insects. For example, a higher abundance of insects, especially Lepidoptera, and a higher insect diversity led to an increase in the duration of bat activity. In areas with more abundant insects, the number of bat passes also increased. The dietary composition, diversity, and niches differed among species and were particularly significant between H. armiger and T. melanopogon; the dietary niche width was the greatest in A. stoliczkanus and the narrowest in H. armiger. The diet of bats was correlated with their morphological and echolocation traits. Larger bats preyed more on insects in the order Coleoptera, whereas the proportion of bats consuming insects in the order Lepidoptera increased as the body size decreased. Bats that emitted echolocation calls with a high peak frequency and duration preyed more on insects in the order Mantodea. Our results suggest that dietary niche differentiation promotes the coexistence of different bat species and increases the ability of bats to consume insect prey and agricultural pests. Our findings provide greater insights into the role of bats that prey on agricultural pests and highlight the importance of combining bat conservation with integrated pest management.
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Yactayo-Chang, Jessica P., Hoang V. Tang, Jorrel Mendoza, Shawn A. Christensen und Anna K. Block. „Plant Defense Chemicals against Insect Pests“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 8 (08.08.2020): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081156.
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Insect pests cause significant global agricultural damage and lead to major financial and environmental costs. Crops contain intrinsic defenses to protect themselves from such pests, including a wide array of specialized secondary metabolite-based defense chemicals. These chemicals can be induced upon attack (phytoalexins) or are constitutive (phytoanticipins), and can have a direct impact on the pests or be used indirectly to attract their natural enemies. They form part of a global arms race between the crops and their insect pests, with the insects developing methods of suppression, avoidance, detoxification, or even capture of their hosts defensive chemicals. Harnessing and optimizing the chemical defense capabilities of crops has the potential to aid in the continuing struggle to enhance or improve agricultural pest management. Such strategies include breeding for the restoration of defense chemicals from ancestral varieties, or cross-species transfer of defense metabolite production.
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Bacon, Louise, und David Pinniger. „Insect Pests in Museums“. Studies in Conservation 35, Nr. 3 (August 1990): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506174.
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Jackai, L. E. N., und R. A. Daoust. „Insect Pests of Cowpeas“. Annual Review of Entomology 31, Nr. 1 (Januar 1986): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.31.010186.000523.
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Beeden, Peter. „Insect pests of cotton“. Crop Protection 15, Nr. 1 (Februar 1996): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-2194(96)90023-x.
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Jansens, Stefan. „Insect pests of cotton“. Plant Science 110, Nr. 2 (September 1995): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(95)90052-7.
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Glass, E. H. „Insect Pests Down Under“. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 32, Nr. 1 (01.03.1986): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/32.1.51.
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Masukujane, Masego, Tidimalo Coetzee, Robert Bob Ngwanathebe, Yudai Ishimoto und Kinya Akashi. „Diversity and seasonal variation of insect pests of Jatropha in Gaborone, Botswana“. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 38, Nr. 04 (24.09.2018): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758418000279.
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AbstractJatropha curcas L. is a stem-succulent shrub that produces high concentrations of seed oils that are convertible into biodiesel. In this study, the incidence of four insect pests on Jatropha, Strabala rufa, Gnathamitermes tubiformans, Pempelia morosalis, and Acanthoplus discoidalis was recorded over three years in a semi-arid climate in Gaborone, Botswana. The occurrence of these insects was concentrated in the summer season from October to April, while lower numbers of all species were found in May as the temperature began to reduce towards the winter season, suggesting that insect pests of Jatropha exhibit a unique temporal pattern in this region. A considerable variation was observed among Jatropha accessions regarding the insect pest occurrence, indicating a vast difference in the susceptibility to insect pests among Jatropha accessions.
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Jovanović, Bojana, Olivera Petrović-Obradović, Bogoljub Zečević, Suzana Pavlović und Jelena Damnjanović. „Economically significant pests of vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka“. Biljni lekar 48, Nr. 5 (2020): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2005475j.
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The aim of this research was to determine insect pests on vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka area. By using standard methods, equipment and tools, insect pests that caused significant and less significant damages have been determined on vegetable crops: pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, zucchini, cabbage, pea, bean, spinach and beet at the arable area at the Institute for Vegetable Crops. The most significant insect pests, causing the most damages were Frankliniella occidentalis and Tuta absoluta, and also several species of aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae), stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Eurydema spp.) and flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.). These insects caused direct and indirect damages. The most significant damages have been noted in green houses due to favourable conditions for insect reproduction and sufficient food supplies.
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Sewify, Gamal H., Maha S. Nada und Anwar L. Bilgrami. „Entomophthorales Fungi Parasitizing Sucking Insects in Egypt“. Asian Journal of Biology 20, Nr. 7 (11.06.2024): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2024/v20i7421.
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Entomophthorales are insect pathogenic fungi significant biological control potentials due to their high insect toxicity. This review focuses on the survey and morphological descriptions of entomophthoralean species attacking insect pests in Egypt. Until now 10 species of Entomophthorales fungi, belonging to three families (Entomophthoraceae, Neozygitaceae and Ancylistaceace) have been reported to suck insects as their hosts. These fungi are widely distributed in various climatic conditions in several Governorates, representing Lower and Upper Egypt. The fungi are the only pathogens that regularly and effectively control sucking insect populations in the natural ecosystems and agroecosystems. The present review emphasizes more studies and isolations of Entomophthorales species by using modern identification techniques so that their epidemiology and control potentials can be predicated on their role against insect pests under variable climatic conditions in Egypt. The possible relationship between population densities of sucking insect pests and Entomophthorales can be further studied to explore their effective applications under variable climatic conditions in the country.
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Buss, Eileen A., und Adam Dale. „Managing Scale Insects on Ornamental Plants“. EDIS 2016, Nr. 6 (08.08.2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-mg005-2016.
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Scale insects are a diverse group of piercing-sucking pests (Hemiptera) commonly found on ornamental plants in landscapes and nurseries. There are over 180 species of scale insects in Florida, but only a small percentage are important pests of ornamental plants. They damage plants and secrete a waxy covering that makes them difficult to control using most chemical control measures. This revised 6-page fact sheet differentiates between armored and soft-scale insect pests and lists common types of each, provides information about the biology of scale insects and how to identify them and the damage they cause, describes how to scout and monitor for scale insects, and lists several methods for prevention and control of scale insect invasions. Written by Eileen A. Buss and Adam Dale, and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology, July 2016. ENY-323/MG005: Managing Scale Insects on Ornamental Plants (ufl.edu)
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Purnomo, Hari, und Moh Dana Parawangsa. „Keragaman Serangga Hama dan Musuh Alami Lahan Pertanian Padi Organik (Oryza Sativa L) Desa Rowosari Kecamatan Sumberjambe Kabupaten Jember“. Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 6, Nr. 4 (01.11.2023): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bip.v6i4.39180.
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The application of organic rice farming systems is a solution to the negative impacts of using chemicals in the application of conventional farming systems. Organic rice cultivation cannot be separated from the presence of insect pests that attack cultivated plants. Naturally, in an ecosystem that is still good, natural enemies are already present in nature without human intervention. The existence of natural enemies in a field can suppress the existing population of insect pests, so that their presence is very helpful in maintaining the balance of the existing insect pest populations. The stability of insect populations in an agricultural ecosystem is largely determined by the high diversity of insect pests and natural enemies found in a field. Thus there is a need for research on the diversity of insect pests and natural enemies as information about which insect families are found on organic rice farming land in Rowosari Village, as well as a consideration for farmers in applying appropriate control methods. This study used yellow pan trap, sweep net and vacuum cleaner insect monitoring tools. The research was conducted on 3 observation plots in the organic rice fields of Tani Jaya II Group, Rowosari Village, Sumberjambe District, Jember Regency. Observations were made 10 times from the vegetative phase to the generative phase of rice aged 7 to 77 days after planting. Observational data were then identified and then analyzed using the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index (H), Evenness Evenness Index (E), Simpson Dominance Index (D), and Margalef Species Richness Index (R). The results showed that there were 7 families of Pest Insects found on organic rice farming in Rowosari Village, including Pyralidae, Alydidae, Grylidae, Cicadellidae, Chrysomelidae, Acrididae, and Nymphalidae. Natural Enemy Insects found were 9 families including Coccinellidea, Coenagrionidae, Gomphidae, Penttomidae, Meoidae, Miridae, Ichneumonidae, Staphylinidae, and Sciomyzidae. Neutral insects found were as many as 4 families, including Muscidae, Vespidae, Tephritidae, and Drosophilidae. The population of insect pests and natural enemies of organic rice farming land in Rowosari Village is quite balanced with a Diversity Index (H') of 2.32 and Species Richness Index (R) of 2.98, Evenness index (E') of 0.77 which is in the almost even and Dominance (D) 0.13 which means not dominating.
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Qureshi, S. A., D. J. Midmore, S. S. Syeda und D. J. Reid. „A comparison of alternative plant mixes for conservation bio-control by native beneficial arthropods in vegetable cropping systems in Queensland Australia“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, Nr. 1 (27.03.2009): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309006774.
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AbstractCucurbit crops host a range of serious sap-sucking insect pests, including silverleaf whitefly (SLW) and aphids, which potentially represent considerable risk to the Australian horticulture industry. These pests are extremely polyphagous with a wide host range. Chemical control is made difficult due to resistance and pollution, and other side-effects are associated with insecticide use. Consequently, there is much interest in maximising the role of biological control in the management of these sap-sucking insect pests. This study aimed to evaluate companion cropping alongside cucurbit crops in a tropical setting as a means to increase the populations of beneficial insects and spiders so as to control the major sap-sucking insect pests. The population of beneficial and harmful insects, with a focus on SLW and aphids, and other invertebrates were sampled weekly on four different crops which could be used for habitat manipulation: Goodbug Mix (GBM; a proprietary seed mixture including self-sowing annual and perennial herbaceous flower species); lablab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet); lucerne (Medicago sativa L.); and niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.). Lablab hosted the highest numbers of beneficial insects (larvae and adults of lacewing (Mallada signata (Schneider)), ladybird beetles (Coccinella transversalis Fabricius) and spiders) while GBM hosted the highest numbers of European bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) and spiders. Lucerne and niger showed little promise in hosting beneficial insects, but lucerne hosted significantly more spiders (double the numbers) than niger. Lucerne hosted sig-nificantly more of the harmful insect species of aphids (Aphis gossypii (Glover)) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) and heliothis (Heliothis armigera Hübner). Niger hosted significantly more vegetable weevils (Listroderes difficillis (Germar)) than the other three species. Therefore, lablab and GBM appear to be viable options to grow within cucurbits or as field boundary crops to attract and increase beneficial insects and spiders for the control of sap-sucking insect pests. Use of these bio-control strategies affords the opportunity to minimise pesticide usage and the risks associated with pollution.
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Sarjan, Muhammad, Muchlis Muchlis und Irwan Muthahanas. „The Diversity of Major Insect Pests at Sugarcane Development Center In Dompu Distrcit, West Nusa Tenggara“. Journal of Science and Science Education 2, Nr. 1 (27.04.2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v2i1.712.
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Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is a tropical plant that is very important because it can be used as one of the raw materials for making sugar. The development of sugar production in the last ten years has decreased by around 1.8% per year, this is due to several factors, one of which is due to the attack of sugarcane insect pests. Therefore, research was conducted to find out the diversity of important insect pests in sugarcane plants in the center of sugarcane development in the Dompu District. This research was conducted at the Pekat Sub District of Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara. The method used is a descriptive method with data collection techniques directly and indirectly in the field at a number of observation points. Based on the observations there were 5 species of insect pests in the research area such as Valanga nigricornis, Locusta migratoria, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Scirchopaga nivella F., and Lepidiota stigma. Insect pests with the highest population and dominance are Ceratovacuna lanigera with an average population of 70 insect/plant and a domination index is 0 .199808. Locusta migratoria has a level of damage with criteria for moderate attack intensity, it is found in sugarcane plants aged 3 months. The results of this study indicate that Scirchopaga nivella F. and Lepidiota stigma F. insect pests have the potential as important pest insects on sugarcane crops
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Singh, Dhyani, Kokate, Chakraborty und Nimsadkar. „Deterioration of World Heritage Cave Monument of Ajanta, India: Insights to Important Biological Agents and Environment Friendly Solutions“. Heritage 2, Nr. 3 (30.08.2019): 2545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030156.
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Heritage monuments across the world are affected by a variety of physical and biological stresses. Damage to heritage monuments due to insects and pests is growing with increasing anthropogenic pressure and changing climatic conditions. Cave monuments are habitats to microbes, algae, fungi, and insects, and are unique biodiversity sites due to their low temperature, little to no sunlight, and high moisture conditions. This study takes stock of available information on important factors that facilitate the growth of insect pests and degrade heritage monuments. Ajanta Caves, a UNESCO world heritage site in India, is a human marvel, important archaeological and heritage site of immense cultural and historic values. The present paper is an attempt to understand a variety of stresses and factors with a focus on insect pests that have substantially affected Ajanta cave paintings in the last few decades. The study also provides information on available approaches for damage control including the need for an integrated insect pest management for protecting cave monuments against rapid degradation across the country in general and Ajanta caves in particular. A light-based approach is the key highlight of the study that can be used as an effective and efficient approach to protect archaeological sites especially cave paintings from insect pests without disturbing the pollinator diversity and surrounding environment.
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Balaji, K. „Insect pests of cattle and their management“. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 4, Nr. 2 (2016): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jafst.2321.1628.4216.3.
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Arthurs, Steven, und Adrian Hunsberger. „Do-It-Yourself Insect Pest Traps“. EDIS 2016, Nr. 1 (16.02.2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1103-2015.
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Many types of traps can be used to monitor or control insect pests. Traps to capture insects vary greatly, depending on the target, location, and purpose. Traps may be inexpensive and disposable, or more complex. This 12-page fact sheet describes several traps for common pests in the home, garden, and landscape that can be made using common household materials or that are readily available in stores. Written by Steven Arthurs and Adrian Hunsberger, and published by the Entomology and Nematology Department, December 2015. ENY-2030/IN1103: Do-It-Yourself Insect Pest Traps (ufl.edu)
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Adnan Bodlah, Muhammad, Alishbah Mohsin, Ayesha Younas, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed, Amara Gul e Fareen und Aneela Ashiq. „INSECT PESTS OF RICE IN PAKISTAN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BIOLOGY, DAMAGE, AND MANAGEMENT“. Agriculture Extension in Developing Countries 1, Nr. 2 (26.05.2023): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/aedc.02.2023.55.61.
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Rice is one of the most significant food crops in the world. It is predominantly a subsistence crop because half of it is consumed where it is grown. The main insect pests of rice in Pakistan include Stem borers, Plant-hoppers, Leafhoppers, rice grass-hopper, leaf-folder, African pink borers, and many others. There have been noticeable changes in Pakistan’s insect pest complex with the introduction of high-yielding cultivars. Many species that work earlier thought to be minor pests are now regarded as serious pests in Pakistan. In traditional Basmati growing regions, stem borers remain a serious issue. From ancient times, the Pakistani farming community used different management strategies to deal with the insect pests of rice. The management strategies involved are cultural, biological, physical, and chemical. Cultural practices have changed, such as the use of greater fertilizers rates in high-yielding varieties, and the leaf folder complex. Rice growers throughout Pakistan are strongly reliant upon traditional cultural practices. But this tendency has slowly changed towards chemical methods. Chemical pesticides are now used more frequently as a primary method of control in Pakistan. Biological control or the use of living organisms as pest control agents is a common natural process in which insects population in crops are continuously decreased by predators, parasites, and pathogens of the pests. Pakistan now has a problem with insect pests, thus utilizing an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy that is effective, affordable, and safe for the environment. Other techniques for pest control include the use of pheromones as attractants, insect growth regulators, insect growth inhibitors, repellents, and sterile insect release systems.
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Dadheech, Pankaj, Ankit Kumar, Vijander Singh, Ramesh C. Poonia und Linesh Raja. „A WSN-Based Insect Monitoring and Pest Control System Through Behavior Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network“. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.290310.
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Insect Monitoring includes collecting information about insect activity with the help of using traps and lures. Many different types of traps are used and they can be divided into the following types - Light traps, Sticky Traps and Pheromone Traps. After trapping the insect, the next step involves monitoring tools to monitor the further behavior of insects. Monitoring includes checking of crop fields for early detection of pests and identification of pests. Identification helps in finding which are the best naturally occurring control agents and assessing the efficiency of pest control actions that already have been taken. The main purpose of this paper is to design the insect monitoring system is to assess insect activity and gain population estimates so we can deploy a solution that will be most effective at protecting our crops. This system involves the use of traps and lures to get information on insect activity. Traps are strategically placed throughout the crop and include natural semi-chemical attractants to draw insects into the traps.
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Ervianna, Ana Rita, Mochamad Hadi und Rully Rahadian. „Kelimpahan Dan Keragaman Serangga OPT (Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman) dan Musuh Alaminya pada Tanaman Jagung dan Padi dengan Sistem Rotasi Tanaman“. Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 22, Nr. 1 (27.06.2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.22.1.59-69.
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Insects in agricultural ecosystem can play a role as pests or natural enemies. The abundance and diversity of insect pests and natural enemies are interconnected because insect pests are food for natural enemy insects. The aims of the study were to compare the abundance and diversity of pest insects and natural enemies of corn and rice plant, and to determine the similarity of pest insects and natural enemies of corn and rice plant using crop rotation systems. The sampling has performed four times i.e, in the vegetative phase of corn, generative corn, vegetative rice, and generative rice. The sampling method used sweep net method. The results showed that the number of individual pest insects and natural enemies of each growth phase of corn plants were lower than rice plants. The number of species pest insect and natural enemies of each growth phase of corn plants were lower than rice plants. In addition the diversity of pest insect of each growth phase of corn plants was higher than rice plants while the diversity of natural enemies in each growth phase of corn plants was lower than rice plants. The diversity index of pest insects and natural enemies of each growth phase in corn plants and rice plants was in the medium category. The presence of pest insects and natural enemies in each growth phase of corn and rice plants shows the species in the two compared ecosystems were different.
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Marandin, Alexander. „Light trap for insect pests“. АгроЭкоИнфо 4, Nr. 58 (31.08.2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202134424.
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The analysis of modern crop safety from pests is carried out. The advantages of the electrophysical method of control and the need to create an effective system of crop protection from pests are substantiated. A model of a light trap for insect pests is proposed. Keywords: TECHNIQUE, ENHANCEMENT, PESTS, ELECTROPHYSICAL METHOD, LIGHT TRAP FOR INSECT PESTS
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Melfa Aisyah Hutasuhut, Kartika Manalu und Icha Aurelia Ahmad. „Diversity Of Insect Pests In Rice Plant (Oryza Sativa L) in The Rice Fields Of South Kualuh District, North Labuhanbatu“. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, Nr. 3 (28.05.2021): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i3.217.
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Eradicating rice pests in South Kualuh is difficult to do optimally, because most farmers do not understand the types of pests that attack their rice plants. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the type of pest insects in rice plants and to find out the diversity index of insect pests in rice plants. This research was conducted using trap method and collection of insects was done using a insect net. Observation data was analised using Shanon Wiener (H) diversity / diversity index. The result showed 13 types of pest insects which belongs to 10 families. That is Tettigonia sp.(Linnaeus, 1758), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth, 1899), Nephotettix virescens (Distant, 1908), Cofana spectra (Distant, 1908), Atractomorpha crenulata (Fabricius, 1793), Erotides sp.(Laporte, 1836), Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg, 1783), Aulacophora indica (Gmelin, 1790), Chrysochus cobaltinus (LeConte, 1857), Silba capsicarum (McAlpine, 1956), Hercostomus germanus (Wiedemann, 1817), Cnaphalocrosis medinalis (Guenée, 1854), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker, 1863). The diversity index of rice pest insects was categorized as moderate with a value of 2,35 and a dominance index of 0,108. This value indicates that the distribution of species is evenly distributed so that no insect species dominates in the area.