Thematische Bibliographien / Inorganic electron transport layer

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Inorganic electron transport layer“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Inorganic electron transport layer"

Vasan, R., H. Salman und M. O. Manasreh. „All inorganic quantum dot light emitting devices with solution processed metal oxide transport layers“. MRS Advances 1, Nr. 4 (2016): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.129.

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ABSTRACTAll inorganic quantum dot light emitting devices with solution processed transport layers are investigated. The device consists of an anode, a hole transport layer, a quantum dot emissive layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode. Indium tin oxide coated glass slides are used as substrates with the indium tin oxide acting as the transparent anode electrode. The transport layers are both inorganic, which are relatively insensitive to moisture and other environmental factors as compared to their organic counterparts. Nickel oxide acts as the hole transport layer, while zinc oxide nanocrystals act as the electron transport layer. The nickel oxide hole transport layer is formed by annealing a spin coated layer of nickel hydroxide sol-gel. On top of the hole transport layer, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots synthesized by hot injection method is spin coated. Finally, zinc oxide nanocrystals, dispersed in methanol, are spin coated over the quantum dot emissive layer as the electron transport layer. The material characterization of different layers is performed by using absorbance, Raman scattering, XRD, and photoluminescence measurements. The completed device performance is evaluated by measuring the IV characteristics, electroluminescence and quantum efficiency measurements. The device turn on is around 4V with a maximum current density of ∼200 mA/cm2 at 9 V.

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Singh, Chandra Bhal, Vandana Singh, S. Bhattacharya, P. Balaji Bhargav und Nafis Ahmed. „Effect of ZnO:Al Thickness on the Open Circuit Voltage of Organic/a-Si:H Based Hybrid Solar Cells“. Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (27.05.2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/782891.

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Hybrid solar cells are based on the concept of using both organic and inorganic materials for fabrication of devices. Hybrid solar cells, based on a heterojunction between inorganic electron acceptor layer and organic donor layer, has been fabricated. Effect of electron transport layer on open circuit voltage (Voc) of hybrid solar cells was investigated. Hybrid solar cells were fabricated using amorphous silicon as main absorbing layer and as electron acceptor layer while using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the donor materials. Al doped ZnO layer was used as buffer layer between ITO and a-Si:H to prevent ITO from reacting with silane gas during plasma enhanced chemical deposition (PECVD) process. ZnO:Al thin film also acts as electron transport layer. The open circuit voltage of hybrid solar cells studied with varying the thickness of ZnO:Al layer. Voc was increased from 0.30 volt to 0.52 volt with increasing the thickness of ZnO:Al layer from 15 nm to 45 nm. The poor interface between inorganic (a-Si:H) and organic layers may be a possible reason for low fill factor and low photocurrent in hybrid solar cells.

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Yusuf, Abubakar Sadiq, A. M. Ramalan, A. A. Abubakar und I. K. Mohammed. „Progress on Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells“. Nigerian Journal of Physics 32, Nr. 4 (05.02.2024): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62292/njp.v32i4.2023.156.

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The photovoltaic industry is very interested in designing and developing next-generation device architectures using organic-inorganic perovskite hybrid solar cell materials. In fact, perovskites represent one of the most promising materials for high efficiency, low-cost solar cells. This is most apparent in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) going from 3.8 to 24.2 % in recent years. One of the primary challenges of developing PSC’s however is the realization of an appropriate electron transport layer. As such, this review focuses on recent developments in the electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells. It examines and summarises designs, electron transport layers and perovskite active layers for efficient perovskite solar cells. The performance and stability issues with organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells are also discussed with some recommendations for additional research on the ETL and perovskite active layer were offered.

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Rani, Sweta, und Jitendra Kumar. „Modeling charge transport mechanism in inorganic quantum dot light-emitting devices through transport layer modification strategies“. Journal of Applied Physics 133, Nr. 10 (14.03.2023): 104302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139599.

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Quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) are potential candidates for lighting and display applications. The charge transport mechanism which plays an essential part in the performance of these devices, however, needs to be explored and analyzed for further improvement. The imbalance of the injection and transport of charge carriers within the device adversely affects the efficiency and stability of the device. Charge balance can be improved by better charge injection of holes while suppressing the excessive electrons. A simple and effective strategy to achieve this is using double transport layers or doped transport layers to modulate the band alignment and injection of charge carriers. Here, we propose a new structure and investigate the physical processes within a QLED with a double hole transport layer for improved charge injection of holes and a doped electron transport layer for controlled charge injection of electrons. We find that the process of charge injection, tunneling, and recombination is significantly improved within the quantum dot layer and a better charge balance is achieved in the emissive layer. Through the theoretical simulation model, useful results are obtained which pave the way for designing high-performing QLEDs.

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Yang, Jien, Qiong Zhang, Jinjin Xu, Hairui Liu, Ruiping Qin, Haifa Zhai, Songhua Chen und Mingjian Yuan. „All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Based on CsPbIBr2 and Metal Oxide Transport Layers with Improved Stability“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 12 (22.11.2019): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121666.

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Despite the successful improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the issue of instability is still a serious challenge for their commercial application. The issue of the PSCs mainly originates from the decomposition of the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, which will degrade upon humidity and suffer from the thermal environment. In addition, the charge transport layers also influence the stability of the whole devices. In this study, inorganic transport layers are utilized in an inverted structure of PSCs employing CsPbIBr2 as light absorbent layer, in which nickel oxide (NiOx) and cerium oxide (CeOx) films are applied as the hole transport layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL), respectively. The inorganic transport layers are expected to protect the CsPbIBr2 film from the contact of moisture and react with the metal electrode, thus preventing degradation. The PSC with all inorganic components, inorganic perovskite and inorganic transport layers demonstrates an initial PCE of 5.60% and retains 5.56% after 600 s in ambient air at maximum power point tracking.

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Rani, R., K. Monga und S. Chaudhary. „Recent development in electron transport layers for efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, Nr. 1 (01.10.2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012015.

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Hybrid organic-inorganic tin (Sn)-based perovskite materials became a promising choice as an alternative to lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their outstanding optical and electrical properties. But, so far, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of only 13% has been achieved for Sn-based PSCs. To achieve highly efficient and stable PSCs, not only the properties of the active layer but the charge selective contacts (electron and hole transport layers) should be selected wisely. The interfaces between the perovskite active layer and charge transport layers play an important role in achieving the better performance of PSCs. In the present review, the spotlight is on the recent developments made on the optimization of electron transport layers (ETLs) for the efficient Sn-based hybrid organic-inorganic PSCs. Further, we comprehensively discuss the significance and the impact of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of electron transport material on the charge transport, which additionally affects the photovoltaic performance of the device. In summary, with continuous research on the Sn-based hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials as an absorbing layer, conventional ETLs (metal oxides) cannot be used. Thus, the optimum candidate for befitted ETLs must be explored and investigated in detail for efficient PSCs.

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Li, Huan, Guoqing Tong, Taotao Chen, Hanwen Zhu, Guopeng Li, Yajing Chang, Li Wang und Yang Jiang. „Interface engineering using a perovskite derivative phase for efficient and stable CsPbBr3 solar cells“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, Nr. 29 (2018): 14255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03811b.

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A derivative-phase CsPb₂Br₅ is introduced into inorganic perovskite solar cells, which will effectively eliminate interface defects, lower the energy barrier of electron transport layer and suppress the recombination at the interface of hole transport layer in the devices.

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Kwak, Hee Jung, Collins Kiguye, Minsik Gong, Jun Hong Park, Gi-Hwan Kim und Jun Young Kim. „Enhanced Performance of Inverted Perovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode Using Electron Suppression Layer and Surface Morphology Control“. Materials 16, Nr. 22 (15.11.2023): 7171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16227171.

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The energy level offset at inorganic layer–organic layer interfaces and the mismatch of hole/electron mobilities of the individual layers greatly limit the establishment of balanced charge carrier injection inside the emissive layer of halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeQLEDs). In contrast with other types of light-emitting devices, namely OLEDs and QLEDs, various techniques such as inserting an electron suppression layer between the emissive and electron transport layer have been employed as a means of establishing charge carrier injection into their respective emissive layers. Hence, in this study, we report the use of a thin layer of Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVPy) (an electron suppression material) placed between the emissive and electron transport layer of a halide PeQLEDs fabricated with an inverted configuration. With ZnO as the electron transport material, devices fabricated with a thin PVPy interlayer between the ZnO ETL and CsPbBr3 -based green QDs emissive layer yielded a 4.5-fold increase in the maximum observed luminance and about a 10-fold increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE) when compared to ones fabricated without PVPy. Furthermore, the concentration and coating process conditions of CsPbBr3 QDs were altered to produce various thicknesses and film properties which resulted in improved EQE values for devices fabricated with QDs thin films of lower surface root-mean-square (RMS) values. These results show that inhibiting the excessive injection of electrons and adjusting QDs layer thickness in perovskite-inverted QLEDs is an effective way to improve device luminescence and efficiency, thereby improving the carrier injection balance.

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Lee, Woosung, und Jae Woong Jung. „High performance polymer solar cells employing a low-temperature solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electron transport layer“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, Nr. 42 (2016): 16612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta06911h.

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Xiao-hui, Yang, Hua Yu-lin, Teng Feng, Hou Yan-bing, Xu Xu-rong und Huang Zhong-hao. „Organic Light Emitting Diode Using Inorganic Material as Electron Transport Layer“. Chinese Physics Letters 14, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1997): 946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/14/12/018.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Inorganic electron transport layer"

Ali, Fawad. „Investigation of metal oxides thin films developed by PVD system for perovskite solar cells“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127139/1/Fawad_Ali_Thesis.pdf.

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This research presents thin film deposition and characterization of metal oxides using industrially viable Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) techniques. The research examines low temperature processed electron and hole transport metal oxides for high performance and stable perovskite solar cells. The physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties of the films were investigated and their device performance has been evaluated. The performance of the device improved and the materials cost reduced by replacing the expansive organic materials with more stable inorganic metal oxides.

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Fournier, Olivier. „Synthèse par ALD et caractérisation de couches extractrices d'électrons pour application dans les cellules solaires à base de pérovskite“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLC025.

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L'intérêt éveillé par les cellules solaires à base de pérovskite dans la communauté photovoltaique (PV) est allé grandissant ces 10 dernières années, dû notamment aux excellentes propriétés opto-électroniques de ces matériaux, à la diversité de leurs applications potentielles et à leur attractivité économique.Cette technologie est attendue sur le marché du PV d'ici 2023, mais certains défis tels que la stabilité des cellules ou le passage à l'échelle industrielle restent à relever afin de garantir son industrialisation.Une stratégie consiste à optimiser les couches extractrices de charge qui doivent garantir une bonne sélectivité vis-à-vis des porteurs de charge et assurer une bonne interface avec la pérovskite.Le dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à flux alternés (Atomic Layer Deposition - ALD) est une méthode de dépôt industrielle permettant la synthèse de nombreux matériaux.Les films minces déposés par ALD sont denses, homogènes, sans piqûres, conformes, et leur épaisseur et leur composition peuvent être contrôlées à l'échelle nanométrique.L'ALD apparait donc comme un candidat idéal pour déposer ces couches extractrices de charge.Cette thèse s'est intéressée au développement et à la caractérisation de divers oxydes par ALD.Le SnO2 et le TiO2 ont été développés à l'Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF) à partir de deux procédés pour chaque matériau.A partir des caractérisations des couches minces obtenues, un procédé a été retenu pour chaque matériau en vue d'une intégration dans un dispositif PV en tant que couches inorganiques extractrices d'électrons.L'intégration d'une couche compacte de TiO2-ALD (15 nm) dans une architecture mésoporeuse a été démontrée, et ses propriétés comparées à la couche compacte standard déposée par pyrolyse d'aérosol.Des efficacités de conversion similaires de 19% ont été montrées, ainsi qu'une meilleure homogénéité engendrant une meilleure reproductibilité des résultats; ce moyen de dépôt est maintenant utilisé pour les cellules de référence à l'IPVF.L'intégration du SnO2-ALD est aussi présentée.Une couche de 10 nm de SnO2 a montré des efficacités moyennes dues à un déficit dans le facteur de forme.L'ajout d'une couche organique a résolu ce problème et a permis d'atteindre des performances de 16%.Enfin, la modification de ZnO-ALD par des dérivés de l'acide phosphonique a été étudiée.L'organisation des molécules à la surface du ZnO, puis leur effet sur la croissance de la pérovskite ont été détaillés, mais les résultats de cellules complètes restent très faible
Perovskite solar cells have sparked a large interest in the photovoltaic community in the last 10 years due to their expedient optoelectrical properties, their vast scope of applications and their economical attractiveness.They are expected to reach the market by 2023, but challenges have to be tackled first, among which upscale and stability issues.To do so, a strategy is to work on the charge transport layers.They need to ensure a high selectivity towards one charge carrier, and have a good interface.Atomic layer deposition is an industrial deposition technique which allows for the synthesis of a large variety of materials.ALD layers are dense, homogeneous, conformal, pinhole-free and their thickness and composition can be controlled at the nano-scale.ALD hence appears as an ideal candidate to deposit the charge extraction layers.This thesis focuses on the development and on the characterization of various oxides by ALD.SnO2 and TiO2 have been developed at the Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF) with two different processes for each material.Their properties in regard of an integration in perovskite solar cells as inorganic electron transport layers have been explored, and one process for each material has been chosen.The advantageous integration of a 15 nm-thick ALD-TiO2 layer has been demonstrated as compact blocking layer in a mesoporous architecture, and compared to a blocking layer deposited by spray pyrolysis.Similar power conversion efficiencies (PCE) up to 19% have been achieved, with a higher homogeneity of the ALD layer leading to a better reproducibility of the results now used in the baseline production at IPVF.The integration of ALD-SnO2 in planar structures is also discussed.The 10 nm-thick layer alone was found to give mediocre efficiencies due to a lack of fill factor.The addition of an organic interlayer solved this issue allowing for PCE up to 16%.Finally an analysis of the interface between ALD-ZnO modified by phosphonic acid derivatives and a perovskite absorber is proposed.The organization of the molecules at the surface of ZnO and their impact on the perovskite have been determined, but the performances of full devices are poor

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Aversa, Pierfrancesco. „Primary Defects in Halide Perovskites : Effect on Stability and Performance for Photovoltaic Applications Effect of organic PCBM Electron transport Layers on natural and post-irradiation ageing of optical absorption and emission in methyl ammonium lead triiodide spin –coated on p-i-n Solar Sell Substrates Effect of organic PCBM Electron transport Layers on natural and post-irradiation ageing of optical absorption and emission in triple cation lead mixed halide perovskite spin –coated on p-i-n Solar Sell Substrates Electron Irradiation Induced Ageing Effects on Radiative Recombination Properties of methylammonium lead triiodide layers on p-i-n solar cell substrates Electron Irradiation Induced Ageing Effects on Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Based p-i-n Solar Cells Electron Irradiation Induced Ageing Effects on Radiative Recombination Properties of Quadruple Cation Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Layers“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX050.

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Ces onze dernières années ont vu apparaitre les pérovskites organiques inorganiques hybrides (HOIPs) comme un passionnant domaine de recherche pour leur application potentielle dans les technologies du photovoltaïque (PV) en raison de leurs exceptionnelles propriétés optoélectroniques et de leur facilité de mise en oeuvre. Cependant, les matériaux HOIPs ont plusieurs inconvénients dont leur manque de stabilité en conditions opérationnelles. Améliorer celle-ci est l'un des plus grands défis à relever avant commercialisation. La formule générale est (A1,A2,A3,A4)Pb(X1,X2)3, où les sites A occupés par une distribution de 1 à 4 cations métalliques/organiques et les sites X par celle d’anions halogénures. Les défauts lacunaires natifs sont considérés comme une cause possible de dégradation des cellules solaires HOIPs. L'objectif de ce travail est de comprendre le rôle des défauts dans la stabilité à long terme des matériaux PV HOIPs. A cette fin, des défauts primaires ont été introduits de manière contrôlée par irradiation avec des électrons de haute énergie (1MeV) dans des lots de couches et cellules solaires (SCs) à base de divers composés HOIPs. Il s'agit notamment du prototype PV HOIPs, MAPbI3 (A1PbX13), et de nouveaux composés mixtes d’halogénures à triple ou quadruple cations, (CsMAFA)Pb(I1-xBrx)3 (A3PbX23) ou (GACsMAFA)Pb(I1-yBry)3 (A4PbX23). Les couches sont fabriquées selon la même procédure que les couches actives SCs et, ensuite, traitées dans des conditions similaires. Pour A1PbX13/A3PbX23, la structure SC est de type p-i-n avec des couches organiques pour le transport des trous et des électrons (HTL/ETL). Les couches sont déposées sur le substrat verre/ITO/HTL (PEDOT:PSS) sans ou avec couche supérieure ETL (PCBM). Pour A4PbX23, la structure SC est de type n-i-p avec des couches ETL inorganiques (TiO2) et HTL organiques (Spiro-OMeTAD). Les couches sont directement déposées sur du verre.La spectroscopie d'annihilation de positons donne une évidence directe de l'existence de défauts lacunaires natifs et induits par irradiation dans chaque composé. Les spectres d’absorbance en fonction de l’énergie montrent que le vieillissement naturel et après irradiation génère différentes populations de défauts dans chaque composé. De plus, celles-ci pour A1PbX13 et A3PbX23 diffèrent selon l'absence ou la présence de la couche supérieure ETL. Les populations de défauts évoluent pendant au moins 3 mois. Le vieillissement modifie (i) la bande interdite, (ii) les queues de bande de conduction/valence et (iii) l'absorption optique via des niveaux électroniques profonds. Les effets d’illumination sous laser varient aussi en fonction du vieillissement. L’asymétrie des pics de photoluminescence (PL) dans chaque composé sous illumination laser continue reflète une superposition de raies d’émission gaussiennes à énergie, FWHM et hauteur évoluant avec le temps d'illumination. Les transitions d'émission impliquent des niveaux électroniques localisés peu profonds dans A3PbX23/A4PbX23 et résonnants dans A1PbX13. De tels effets durent au moins 3 mois dans A4PbX23. Ces niveaux électroniques sont attribués à des populations de défauts spécifiquement induits par illumination. Le vieillissement naturel et après irradiation donne des spectres PL à décroissance temporelle résolue en une ou deux exponentielles. Le nombre et la durée de vie sont fortement influencés par l’irradiation initiale et la composition. Une amélioration frappante du fonctionnement PV pour le type SC p-i-n est induite par le vieillissement dû à l'irradiation. Le rendement quantique externe et les performances PVs ont des valeurs plus élevées pour l’état irradié que de référence durant 6 à 12 mois de vieillissement. Cela prouve que l'ingénierie des défauts par irradiation d'électrons à haute énergie a le potentiel de fournir des voies de traitement innovantes pour améliorer la stabilité à long terme des performances photovoltaïques HOIPs
During the last eleven years, Hybrid Organic Inorganic Perovskites (HOIPs) materials have emerged as an exciting topic of research for potential application in solar cell technologies due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and processing advantages. However, HOIPs materials suffer from several drawbacks with, in peculiar, their lack of stability under operational conditions (light, bias, environment…). To improve this stability is one of the biggest challenges to be addressed before commercialization. The general formula for HOIPs is (A1,A2,A3,A4)Pb(X1,X2)3, where the A sites can be occupied by a distribution of 1 to 4 metallic/organic cations and X sites with halide anions. The role of native vacancy defects has been questioned as a possible cause for HOIPs solar cells degradation. The aim of this work is to understand the defect role in long term stability of HOIPs materials for photovoltaics. For this reason, primary defects were introduced in a controlled way via high energy electron irradiation (1MeV) in sets of layers and solar cells (SCs) fabricated using various HOIPs compounds. Those include the photovoltaic HOIPs prototype, MAPbI3 (A1PbX13), and emergent triple or quadruple cation mixed halide HOIPs, (CsMAFA)Pb(I1-xBrx)3 (A3PbX23) or (GACsMAFA)Pb(I1-yBry)3 (A4PbX23). The HOIPs layers are fabricated according to the same procedure as the HOIPs active SC layers and, subsequently, treated in similar conditions. For A1PbX13 and A3PbX23, the solar cells are of the p-i-n structure with organic hole and electron transport layer (HTL/ETL). The HOIPs layers are deposited on the glass/ITO/HTL (PEDOT:PSS) substrate without or with the top ETL layer (PCBM). For A4PbX23, the solar cells are of the n-i-p type with inorganic ETL (TiO2) and organic HTL (Spiro-OMeTAD) layers. The layers are directly deposited on glass without the ETL layer.Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) gives direct evidence for native vacancy-type defects and irradiation induced ones in layers of each HOIP compound. The energy dependence of absorbance shows that natural and after irradiation ageing generates different defect populations in each HOIP compound. These populations strikingly also differ depending on the absence or presence of the top ETL layer for the A1PbX13 and A3PbX23 compounds. The defect populations evolve over ageing duration as long as 3 months. The prominent effects of ageing include (i) band gap modification, (ii) tailing of conduction/valence band extrema and (iii) optical absorption via deep subgap electronic levels. Illumination effects under laser also vary with ageing for each HOIP compound. Asymmetric photoluminescence (PL) peaks in each compound under continuous laser illumination reflect that radiative emission involves Gaussian emission rays with energy, FWHM and height evolving with illumination time. The emission transitions involve shallow localized electronic levels in A3PbX23 and A4PbX23 and resonant ones in A1PbX13. These electronic levels are attributed to specifically illumination-induced defect populations. Natural and after irradiation ageing result in PL decay lifetime spectra resolved into one or two exponential decay components. The decay components number and lifetime are strongly affected by the initial production of irradiation defects and HOIPs composition. Such effects last over 3 months at least in A4PbX23. The p-i-n solar cells exhibit most striking irradiation ageing induced photovoltaics performance. The External Quantum Efficiency (EQE versus photon energy) and the photovoltaic performance (I-V under illumination) of the irradiated solar cells have higher values than those in the reference SCs after 6 to 12 months of ageing. This gives evidence that defect engineering via high energy electron irradiation has a potential for providing innovative processing pathways to enhance the long-term stability of HOIPs photovoltaic performance

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Lee, Joun. „Biological assembly and synthesis of inorganic nanostructures“. Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957320801&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269281222&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 12, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.

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Pawar, Krantikumar Subhash. „Ab Initio Modeling of an Electron Transport Layer Interface in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1610125331928229.

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Möllmann, Alexander [Verfasser]. „Nanostructured Metal Oxide Thin Films as Electron Transport Material for Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells / Alexander Möllmann“. München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219478067/34.

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Cupido, Ian Patrick. „Nitrogen and argon treatment of titanium dioxide nanowire arrays“. University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8040.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
TiO2 nanoparticle films are important electron transport layers (ETLs) in photovoltaics such as dye-sensitised, perovskite and polymer hetero-junction solar cells. These films, however, have significant electron trap-sites as a result of the large density of oxygen vacancies present in nano-sized TiO2. These trap-sites cause electron-hole recombination and ultimately lower photon-to-current conversion efficiency of the underlying cell during operation. Doping the TiO2 lattice with low atomic number elements such as nitrogen is a proven method to overcoming the charge transport inefficiency of TiO2 ETLs; another is the use of one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs), instead of nanoparticles.

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Volkov, Anton. „Ionic and electronic transport in electrochemical and polymer based systems“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-135429.

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Electrochemical systems, which rely on coupled phenomena of the chemical change and electricity, have been utilized for development an interface between biological systems and conventional electronics. The development and detailed understanding of the operation mechanism of such interfaces have a great importance to many fields within life science and conventional electronics. Conducting polymer materials are extensively used as a building block in various applications due to their ability to transduce chemical signal to electrical one and vice versa. The mechanism of the coupling between the mass and charge transfer in electrochemical systems, and particularly in conductive polymer based system, is highly complex and depends on various physical and chemical properties of the materials composing the system of interest. The aims of this thesis have been to study electrochemical systems including conductive polymer based systems and provide knowledge for future development of the devices, which can operate with both chemical and electrical signals. Within the thesis, we studied the operation mechanism of ion bipolar junction transistor (IBJT), which have been previously utilized to modulate delivery of charged molecules. We analysed the different operation modes of IBJT and transition between them on the basis of detailed concentration and potential profiles provided by the model. We also performed investigation of capacitive charging in conductive PEDOT:PSS polymer electrode. We demonstrated that capacitive charging of PEDOT:PSS electrode at the cyclic voltammetry, can be understood within a modified Nernst-Planck-Poisson formalism for two phase system in terms of the coupled ion-electron diffusion and migration without invoking the assumption of any redox reactions. Further, we studied electronic structure and optical properties of a self-doped p-type conducting polymer, which can polymerize itself along the stem of the plants. We performed ab initio calculations for this system in undoped, polaron and bipolaron electronic states. Comparison with experimental data confirmed the formation of undoped or bipolaron states in polymer film depending on applied biases. Finally, we performed simulation of the reduction-oxidation reaction at microband array electrodes. We showed that faradaic current density at microband array electrodes increases due to non-linear mass transport on the microscale compared to the corresponding macroscale systems. The studied microband array electrode was used for developing a laccase-based microband biosensor. The biosensor revealed improved analytical performance, and was utilized for in situ phenol detection.

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Sanderson, Douglas Grant. „An investigation of the relationship between the structure and function of the blue copper electron transport protein plastocyanin using thin-layer, steady-state spectroelectro-chemistry /“. The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513407884.

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Tambwe, Kevin. „P- and e- type Semiconductor layers optimization for efficient perovskite photovoltaics“. University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7414.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Perovskite solar cells have attracted a tremendous amount of research interest in the scientific community recently, owing to their remarkable performance reaching up to 22% power conversion efficiency (PCE) in merely 6 to 7 years of development. Numerous advantages such as reduced price of raw materials, ease of fabrication and so on, have contributed to their increased popularity.

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Bücher zum Thema "Inorganic electron transport layer"

J, Jedlinski Zbigniew, und International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry., Hrsg. Electron transfer processes and reactive intermediates in modern chemistry: Held i Krakow, Poland, September 3-7, 1997. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 1998.

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1953-, Johnson Michael K., American Chemical Society. Division of Inorganic Chemistry. und Inorganic Chemistry Symposium (1989 : Athens, Ga.), Hrsg. Electron transfer in biology and the solid state: Inorganic compounds with unusual properties. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990.

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Zuckerman, Jerold J., und A. P. Hagen. Inorganic Reactions and Methods, Electron-Transfer and Electrochemical Reactions; Photochemical and Other Energized Reactions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.

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Zuckerman, Jerold J. Electron-Transfer and Electrochemical Reactions; Photochemical and Other Energized Reactions, Volume 15, Inorganic Reactions and Methods. Wiley-VCH, 1986.

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Electron Transfer Processes and Reactive Intermediates in Modern Chemistry: Macromolecular Symposia, Held in Krakow, Poland September 3-7, 1997 (Wiley-Vch). John Wiley & Sons Ltd (Import), 1999.

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Electron Transfer in Biology and the Solid State: Inorganic Compounds with Unusual Properties (Advances in Chemistry Series). Oxford University Press, USA, 1989.

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Abhishek, Abhishek, und Michael Doherty. Pathophysiology of calcium pyrophosphate deposition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0049.

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Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) dihydrate crystals form extracellularly. Their formation requires sufficient extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (ePPi), calcium, and pro-nucleating factors. As inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) cannot cross cell membranes passively due to its large size, ePPi results either from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by the enzyme ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (also known as plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1) or from the transcellular transport of PPi by ANKH. ePPi is hydrolyzed to phosphate (Pi) by tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. The level of extracellular PPi and Pi is tightly regulated by several interlinked feedback mechanisms and growth factors. The relative concentration of Pi and PPi determines whether CPP or hydroxyapatite crystal is formed, with low Pi/PPi ratio resulting in CPP crystal formation, while a high Pi/PPi ratio promotes basic calcium phosphate crystal formation. CPP crystals are deposited in the cartilage matrix (preferentially in the middle layer) or in areas of chondroid metaplasia. Hypertrophic chondrocytes and specific cartilage matrix changes (e.g. high levels of dermatan sulfate and S-100 protein) are related to CPP crystal deposition and growth. CPP crystals cause inflammation by engaging with the NALP3 inflammasome, and with other components of the innate immune system, and is marked with a prolonged neutrophilic inflitrate. The pathogenesis of resolution of CPP crystal-induced inflammation is not well understood.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Inorganic electron transport layer"

Uddin, Rukon, Subrata Bhowmik, Md Eyakub Ali und Sayem Ul Alam. „Hole Transport Layer Free Non-toxic Perovskite Solar Cell Using ZnSe Electron Transport Material“. In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 486–98. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34622-4_39.

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Chen, Lih Juann, Wen Wei Wu und C. H. Liu. „In Situ Ultrahigh Vacuum Transmission Electron Microscope Investigations of Dynamical Changes of Nanostructures on Silicon“. In Mass and Charge Transport in Inorganic Materials III, 111–19. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-02-8.111.

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Fiorenza, Patrick, Raffaella Lo Nigro, Vito Raineri, Salvatore Lombardo, Roberta G. Toro, Graziella Malandrino und Ignazio L. Fragalà. „Electron Transport and Dielectric Breakdown Kinetics in Pr₂O₃High K Films“. In Mass and Charge Transport in Inorganic Materials III, 21–26. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-02-8.21.

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Noh, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad, Nurul Affiqah Arzaee und Mohd Asri Mat Teridi. „Effect of Oxygen Vacancies in Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells“. In Solar Cells, 283–305. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36354-3_11.

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Mhamad, Shakhawan Ahmad, Abdussamad Mukhtar Mohammed, Madzlan Aziz und Farhana Aziz. „Impact of Electron Transport Layers (ETLs) and Hole Transport Layer (HTLs) on Perovskite Solar Cells Performance“. In Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion, 227–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59594-7_8.

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Tilak, Vinayak. „Inversion Layer Electron Transport in 4H-SiC Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors“. In Silicon Carbide, 267–90. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527629077.ch11.

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Gupta, Nidhi, Shivansh Rastogi, Jampana Gayathri, Omita Nanda und Kanchan Saxena. „Optimization of Electron Transport Layer Based on Cadmium Sulfide for Perovskite Solar Cells“. In Advances in Solar Power Generation and Energy Harvesting, 93–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3635-9_10.

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Mandal, Gobind, Ram Bilash Choudhary, Debashish Nayak, Sanjeev Kumar, Jayanta Bauri und Sarfaraz Ansari. „Influence of SiO2 in PANI Matrix as an Electron Transport Layer for OLEDs“. In Recent Advances in Nanomaterials, 201–7. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4878-9_27.

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Gouthaman, Siddan, und K. R. Justin Thomas. „Metal Oxide Nanostructures as an Electron Transport Layer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells“. In Optical Properties of Metal Oxide Nanostructures, 223–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5640-1_8.

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Kumar, Ashok, Sarath Chandra Veerla, Kabali Vijai Anand und Astakala Anil Kumar. „Alkaline Earth Stannate Nanomaterials as an Electron Transport Layer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells“. In Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology, 99–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40513-7_63.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Inorganic electron transport layer"

Shariffudin, Shafinaz Sobihana, Nurhafizah Zainal Abidin, Nurul Zayana Yahya, Anees Abd Aziz, Sukreen Hana Herman und Mohamad Rusop. „Hybrid organic-inorganic light emitting diode using ZnO nanorods as electron transport layer“. In 2013 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsm.2013.6706545.

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Yuan, Yiheng, Xishun Peng, Li Yang, Cheng Zuo, Yangjie Zeng und Zhongchen Bai. „SCN-doped SnO2 electron transport layer enhanced photoelectric performance of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells“. In Advanced Fiber Laser Conference (AFL2023), herausgegeben von Pu Zhou. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3023246.

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Ammermann, Dirk, Achim Böhler, Christoph Rompf und Wolfgang Kowalsky. „Double Heterostructure and Multiple Quantum Well Organic Light Emitting Diodes for Flat Panel Displays“. In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.tua.3.

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Multilayer organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have recently been intensively studied [1,2] for future applications in large-area flat panel color displays. The principle of operation is similar to that of inorganic light emitting diodes (LEDs). Holes and electrons are injected from opposite electrodes into the organic layer sequence and recombine generating singlet excitons that decay radiatively. The emission layer consists of highly fluorescent organic dye molecules sandwiched between separate hole and electron transport layers. This multilayer structure allows to achieve bright electroluminescent emission in the visible spectral region at low driving voltages. We discuss the growth and characterization of high brightness double heterostructure diodes in the green spectral region and present results obtained from organic multiple quantum well light emitting diodes.

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Alaiawi, Ali Anyam Luaibi, Mehmet Mahir Bülbül und Aqel Mashot Jafar. „Hybrid organic-inorganic ZnO/PCBM electron transport layer with perovskite solar cell material CH3NH3PbI3 in numerical simulation with SCAPS“. In FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES: ICAS2023. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0209526.

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Kumar, Roushan, und Anjan Kumar. „An organic-inorganic solar cell with graphene as an electron transport layer: an approach to increase the carrier collection efficiency“. In 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt45670.2019.8944870.

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Fedorov, V. „DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRON-BEAM EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY OF LAYER WELDING OF THE WIRE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES“. In International Workshop "Multiscale Biomechanics and Tribology of Inorganic and Organic Systems" ; Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija "Perspektivnye materialy s ierarhicheskoj strukturoj dlja novyh tehnologij i nadezhnyh konstrukcij" ; VIII Vserossijskaja nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvjashhennaja 50-letiju osnovanija Instituta himii nefti "Dobycha, podgotovka, transport nefti i gaza". Tomsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946218412/384.

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Ghahremani, Amir H., und Thad Druffel. „Intense Pulse Light Annealing for Perovskite Photovoltaics“. In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8394.

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Abstract Rapid advancements within photovoltaics realm necessitates swift fabrication of the modules using cheap materials through cost effective manufacturing processes to achieve short cost payback time. Photovoltaics manufacturing includes chemical processing of the materials followed by thermal annealing. Yet, long-term annealing of the materials using high temperature furnaces have remained the prevalent post-processing approach in industry which necessitates alternative methods to achieve high performance modules through rapid and economical processes. Intense pulse light (IPL) has been successfully applied as a promising rapid post-process annealing for various thin film photovoltaics, particularly to process the organic-inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) layers. In this paper, several results pertinent to the application of IPL on perovskite and SnO2 electron transport thin films are presented and the role of IPL on rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is explained. We show that swift fabrication of PSCs through IPL can result in efficiencies exceeding 16% when the Perovskite film is annealed with aid of CH2I2 alkyl halide additive in the ambient with 60% relative humidity. In addition, the synergy of IPL-alkyl halide interaction for other perovskite chemistries is introduced. We show that achieving to PSCs exceeding 12% efficiency was possible when the perovskite and SnO2 ETL was annealed sequentially through IPL.

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Kelkar, Rohit, Satwik Timmavajjala, Kunal Mitra und Clayton Baum. „Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Nano-Polymer Solar Cells“. In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65546.

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Hybrid solar cells consist of organic as well as inorganic substances. An organic compound absorbs light and transports holes whereas an inorganic compound is an acceptor and transports electrons. Hybrid solar cells were fabricated on glass slides pre-coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) which itself acts as a cathode. Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) was coated in order to avoid a short circuit between the layers and also to smooth the surface of ITO. A photoactive layer which consisted of poly(3-hexathiophene) (P3HT), TiO2 and star dispersant was coated over the PEDOT:PSS layer. Gold/molybdenum was sputtered as an anode material. Star dispersant was added to the active layer in order to improve the performance of the solar cell. Introduction of star dispersant increases the interfacial area and in turn the exciton dissociation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the thicknesses of the individual layers and also to obtain a topographical view of the cell surface to ensure the uniformity of the deposited layers. Absorption and photoluminescence spectra were measured to characterize the solar cell. Finally, current–voltage characteristics were measured to ensure that the solar cell acts as a diode.

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Sinyakova, E. A., S. V. Panin und A. D. Teresov. „SURFACE MODIFICATION OF SELECTIVE LASER MELTED Ti-6Al-4V PARTS BY ULTRASONIC IMPACT TREATMENT AND ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION“. In International Workshop "Multiscale Biomechanics and Tribology of Inorganic and Organic Systems" ; Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija "Perspektivnye materialy s ierarhicheskoj strukturoj dlja novyh tehnologij i nadezhnyh konstrukcij" ; VIII Vserossijskaja nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvjashhennaja 50-letiju osnovanija Instituta himii nefti "Dobycha, podgotovka, transport nefti i gaza". Tomsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946218412/385.

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Davudov, Davud, Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad Moghanloo, Younas Dadmohammadi, Mark Curtis und Farzam Javadpour. „Impact of Pore Topology on Gas Diffusion and Productivity in Barnett and Haynesville Shale Plays“. In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54531.

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This study evaluates gas transport through matrix pores in Barnett and Haynesville shale gas plays. Gas is mainly stored in a compressed phase in small pores or as a desorbed phase on the surface of the pores. At the early stage of production, gas decompression/expansion within networks of large fractures connected directly to the wellbore is the dominant production mechanism; however, after some time (a couple of weeks up to few months) diffusive flux from the body of kerogen is triggered in response to the pressure drop realized at the fracture face. In this study we present a comprehensive study of the importance of various diffusion patterns to predict the productivity of shale reservoirs at the later stage of production. We present transient diffusion models to address gas diffusion from kerogen bodies through connected pores with different shapes (slit or cylindrical) toward fractures. In this model we use a new set of boundary conditions as opposed to traditional Dirichlet and Neumann types of boundary conditions. The analytical solution is validated using a set of experimental data. In the next step, we choose wells from gas producing parts of Barnett and Haynesville shale plays. Based on detailed studies of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, we identified two different governing patterns for diffusive flux in the shale matrix: inter diffusion in Barnett and intra diffusion in Haynesville. We used production data to differentiate the matrix contribution using conventional methods of rate transient analysis. Using the analytical model, we compared the matrix contribution parts of production data between Barnett and Haynesville shale plays. We found an excellent match between observed small-scale pore shapes and field production data in our transient diffusion model. Based on results, the inter diffusion pattern provides greater flux; while everything else remains equal, Barnett wells benefit more from matrix contribution than those of Haynesville. Results indicate that the distribution of connected pores in the shale matrix has significant effect on the matrix contribution. The main contribution of this work is providing a transient flow model for gas transport through shale matrix accounting for the impacts of dominant shape of the connected pores and their abundance in the matrix texture (namely: organic or inorganic part). Our results suggest that the inter diffusion in Barnett shale play outperforms the intra diffusion mechanism in the Haynesville field. In addition, the more cylindrical pores, the better the performance. In general, the topology of the connected pores as well as their abundance within kerogen or inorganic matters can greatly influence long-term productivity of gas wells.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Inorganic electron transport layer"

Ellison, C. Leland, K. Matyash, J. B. Parker, Y. Raitses und N. J. Fisch. Three-dimensional Numerical Investigation of Electron Transport with Rotating Spoke in a Cylindrical Anode Layer Hall Plasma Accelerator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056800.

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