Thematische Bibliographien / Innate defense / Bücher
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Bücher zum Thema „Innate defense“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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1

The myth of homeland security. Indianapolis, Ind: Wiley Pub., 2004.

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2

Dina, Temple-Raston, Hrsg. In defense of our America: The fight for civil liberties in the age of terror. New York: William Morrow, 2007.

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3

Indefensible space: The architecture of the national insecurity state. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis, 2007.

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4

1947-, Williams Cindy, Hrsg. Buying national security: How America plans and pays for its global role and safety at home. New York: Routledge, 2009.

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5

T, Tow William, Hrsg. Asia-Pacific security: US, Australia and Japan and the new security triangle. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007.

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6

Blood and oil: The dangers and consequences of America's growing dependency on imported petroleum. New York: Henry Holt, 2005.

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7

Klare, Michael T. Blood and oil: The dangers and consequences of America's growing petroleum dependency. New York: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt & Co., 2004.

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8

Sangre y petróleo: Peligros y consecuencias de la dependencia del crudo. Barcelona: Tendencias Editores, 2006.

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9

Elumalai, Preetham, und Sreeja Lakshmi. Lectins: Innate Immune Defense and Therapeutics. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2021.

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10

Host Defense and Infection. CRC, 1994.

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11

Perron, Michel. TRIM5alpha(hu): An innate cellular defense against N-tropic murine leukemia virus infection in humans. 2007.

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12

The Open The Open Courses Library. Innate Nonspecific Host Defenses: Microbiology. Independently Published, 2019.

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13

Rey, Georges. Representation of Language. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855637.001.0001.

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This book is a defense, against mostly philosophical objections, of a Chomskyan postulation of an internal, innate computational system for human language that is typically manifested in native speaker’s intuitive responses to samples of speech. But it is also a critical examination of some of the glosses on the theory: the assimilation of it to traditional Rationalism; a supposed conflict between being innate and learned; an unclear ontology which requires what I call a “representational pretense” (whereby linguists merely pretend for the sake of exposition that, e.g., tokens of words are uttered); and, most crucially to my concerns, Chomsky’s specific eliminativism about the role of intentionality not only in his own theories, but in any serious science at all. This last is a fundamentally important issue for linguistics, psychology, and philosophy that I hope an examination of a theory as rich and promising as a Chomskyan linguistics will help illuminate. I will also touch on some peripheral issues that Chomsky seems to me to mistakenly associate with his theory: an anti-realism about ordinary thought and talk, and a peculiar dismissal of the mind/body problem(s), toward the solution of some of which I think his theory actually makes a promising contribution.
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14

Nolan, Lawrence. Descartes on Universal Essences and Divine Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608040.003.0005.

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This chapter develops a new defense of the conceptualist interpretation of Descartes’s theory of universals, according to which universal essences are merely innate, intellectual ideas in the minds of human beings. The source of this conceptualism is to be found in Descartes’s view that all substances are simple. Given this simplicity, universals can exist neither in created things as shared properties nor in the mind of God as ideas or exemplars for creation. Descartes rejects the Neoplatonic doctrine of exemplary causation on the grounds that it anthropomorphizes God. He also rejects the related doctrine of divine ideas that was intended by medieval philosophers to explain divine knowledge of creaturely essences in terms of God’s knowledge of himself. It is argued here that Descartes’s God knows these essences by knowing created substances directly. This chapter also responds to objections to the conceptualist interpretation and identifies the failings of rival Platonist readings.
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15

Voll, Reinhard E., und Barbara M. Bröker. Innate vs acquired immunity. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0048.

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The innate and the adaptive immune system efficiently cooperate to protect us from infections. The ancient innate immune system, dating back to the first multicellular organisms, utilizes phagocytic cells, soluble antimicrobial peptides, and the complement system for an immediate line of defence against pathogens. Using a limited number of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors including the Toll-like, RIG-1-like, and NOD-like receptors, the innate immune system recognizes so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs are specific for groups of related microorganisms and represent highly conserved, mostly non-protein molecules essential for the pathogens' life cycles. Hence, escape mutants strongly reduce the pathogen's fitness. An important task of the innate immune system is to distinguish between harmless antigens and potentially dangerous pathogens. Ideally, innate immune cells should activate the adaptive immune cells only in the case of invading pathogens. The evolutionarily rather new adaptive immune system, which can be found in jawed fish and higher vertebrates, needs several days to mount an efficient response upon its first encounter with a certain pathogen. As soon as antigen-specific lymphocyte clones have been expanded, they powerfully fight the pathogen. Importantly, memory lymphocytes can often protect us from reinfections. During the development of T and B lymphocytes, many millions of different receptors are generated by somatic recombination and hypermutation of gene segments making up the antigen receptors. This process carries the inherent risk of autoimmunity, causing most inflammatory rheumatic diseases. In contrast, inadequate activation of the innate immune system, especially activation of the inflammasomes, may cause autoinflammatory syndromes.
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16

Lalvani, Ajit, und Katrina Pollock. Defences against infection. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0303.

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The immune system is classified into a series of component parts, each specialized to defend the host against infection. Cells of the innate immune system are distributed throughout the body, in the tissues, and in the circulation, to defend against the first signs of danger, combining the acute inflammatory response with the ability to kill and remove invading pathogens. Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils phagocytose and kill exogenous and endogenous targets, using both oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms. The adaptive immune system creates a structurally specific and prolonged response, mediated by lymphocytes to clear infection and generate immunological memory. In this chapter, the functions of the innate and adaptive immune system are reviewed, together with the clinical features and investigation of acquired and inherited immune deficiencies.
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17

Bhole, Malini. Functions of the immune system. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0293.

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This chapter reviews the functions of the immune system, which has evolved to provide a defence mechanism against microbial challenges, and is divided into two main branches, innate and adaptive. In addition, there are physical and chemical barriers, including skin, mucous membrane, mucous secretions, saliva, and various enzymes, and these contribute to the first line of defence against pathogens. The innate immune system provides the initial quick response for rapid recognition and elimination of pathogens, as opposed to the adaptive immune system, which has evolved to provide a more definitive and finely tuned response. The common central feature of both of these systems is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. The recognition of non-self or ‘foreign’ pathogens and the subsequent immune response is orchestrated by a whole range of cells and soluble (humoral) factors in both innate and adaptive immune systems.
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18

Ranum, Marcus J. Myth of Homeland Security. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2003.

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19

Stuart, Philip E., Lam C. Tsoi, Caely A. Hambro und James T. Elder. Genetics of psoriasis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0005.

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Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) characterized by skin inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, increased risk of arthritis, and cardiovascular morbidity. Substantial evidence indicates that psoriasis is driven by abnormal interactions between cells of the innate and adaptive host defence systems, including keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and T-cells, resulting in a dysregulated immune response and markedly increased epidermal proliferation. The precise aetiology of psoriasis remains unknown. Here, we review how innate and adaptive host defence responses are regulated by genetic factors that modulate the overall risk of psoriasis and dictate whether the disease affects the skin and/or the joints. Specifically, we review the epidemiologic basis for considering psoriasis as a genodermatosis, summarize knowledge derived from linkage and association studies of cutaneous psoriasis (PsC) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and attempt to relate genetic and immunologic discoveries in a pathogenetic framework that may eventually allow prediction of the development of PsA in psoriatic individuals.
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20

Temple-Raston, Dina, und Anthony D. Romero. In Defense of Our America. HarperCollins Publishers, 2007.

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21

Temple-Raston, Dina, und Anthony D. Romero. In Defense of Our America. HarperCollins Publishers, 2007.

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22

Temple-Raston, Dina, und Anthony D. Romero. In Defense of Our America. HarperCollins Publishers, 2007.

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23

Temple-Raston, Dina, und Anthony D. Romero. In Defense of Our America. HarperCollins Publishers, 2007.

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24

Bhole, Malini. Neutrophil abnormalities. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0295.

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Neutrophils are an important component of the innate immune system, forming the first line of defence against bacterial invasion. Abnormalities in either neutrophil numbers or function lead to immunodeficiency disorders affecting the innate immune system, with a predisposition towards developing serious and often life-threatening infections. Alterations in neutrophil numbers and function may also be noted secondary to systemic diseases, where they may act as markers for ongoing disease processes. Most of the primary neutrophil disorders discussed in this chapter will present in childhood. In adults, acquired neutropenia is the commonest neutrophil abnormality encountered in clinical practice, although, rarely, some primary neutrophil defects may present.
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25

Bhole, Malini. Complement deficiencies. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0299.

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The complement system comprises a group of heat-labile proteins which form part of the innate immune system. The main physiological functions of the complement system include defence against pyogenic bacterial infections, clearance of immune complexes and products of inflammatory damage, and acting as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune system. The complement system is regulated by various complement inhibitors (regulatory proteins) that are present in both the classical pathway and the alternate pathway and which regulate and prevent spontaneous activation of the complement system, thereby preventing complement-mediated damage to tissues under normal circumstances. This chapter addresses the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of inherited and acquired deficiencies of complement proteins or inhibitors.
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26

Walt, Stephen M. Realism and Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.286.

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Political Realism has been described as the “oldest theory” of international politics, as well as the “dominant” one. Central to the realist tradition is the concept of “security.” Realism sees the insecurity of states as the main problem in international relations. It depicts the international system as a realm where “self-help” is the primary motivation; states must provide security for themselves because no other agency or actor can be counted on to do so. However, realists offer different explanations for why security is scarce, emphasizing a range of underlying mechanisms and causal factors such as man’s innate desire for power; conflicts of interest that arise between states possessing different resource endowments, economic systems, and political orders; and the “ordering principle” of international anarchy. They also propose numerous factors that can intensify or ameliorate the basic security problem, such as polarity, shifts in the overall balance of power, the “offense–defense balance,” and domestic politics. Several alternative approaches to international relations have challenged the basic realist account of the security problem, three of which are democratic peace theory, economic liberalism, and social constructivism. Furthermore, realism outlines various strategies that states can pursue in order to make themselves more secure, such as maximizing power, international alliances, arms racing, socialization and innovation, and institutions and diplomacy. Scholars continue to debate the historical roots, conceptual foundations, and predictive accuracy of realism. New avenues of research cover issues such as civil war, ethnic conflict, mass violence, September 11, and the Iraq War.
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27

Wettemann , Jr., Robert P. Privilege vs. Equality. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216001461.

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Between 1815-1860, the tiny American army took on many new and often daunting tasks. In the face of civil opposition to the very existence of a professional military, the first battle officers and supporters had to win after 1815 was that of simply preserving some small professional force. As American interests expanded further west and conflict with Native Americans increased, the army was charged with the dual responsibility of peacekeeper and conqueror. Its most dramatic successes, however, came during the Mexican War and the conquest of the American Southwest. Against this back drop, Wetteman crafts a narrative overview of the rivalries, personalities, and events that defined civil-military relations during this era. Beginning in 1815, the U.S. Army struggled for existence within a society that was not convinced that a standing army was worth the expense. At the same time, many questioned the viability of a professional officer corps, citing the innate ability of the American fighting man as demonstrated in earlier conflicts. Although efforts were undertaken early on to define the role and status of a peacetime army, issues of national defense, domestic security, Indian policy, and internal improvements shaped civil military relations over the next 4 12 decades. While the true position of the citizen-soldier in relation to a standing army had not been clearly defined by 1860, the nation had made giant strides towards full acceptance of the idea that the U.S. Army, a standing force commanded by military professionals, was a national necessity.
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28

Schubert, Klaus von. Wiederbewaffnung und Westintegration: Die Innere Auseinandersetzung Um Die Militärische und Außenpolitische Orientierung der Bundesrepublik 1950-1952. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2010.

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29

Gow, Neil A. R., und Alistair J. P. Brown. Physiology and metabolism of fungal pathogens. Herausgegeben von Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum und Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0003.

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The metabolism and physiology of an invading fungal pathogen determine the outcome of its interaction with the host. The pathogen must be able to assimilate nutrients to grow and colonize diverse host niches. Meanwhile, the host attempts to restrict this growth by withholding some essential nutrients, by imposing stresses, and by inducing innate immune defences. These interactions involve complex regulatory networks that ultimately dictate the equilibrium between pathogen killing and the establishment of commensal or pathogenic associations.
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30

Klenerman, Paul. The Immune System: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198753902.001.0001.

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The Immune System: A Very Short Introduction describes the immune system and how it works in health and disease. It focuses on the human immune system, considering how it evolved, and the basic rules that govern its behaviour. The immune system comprises a series of organs, cells, and chemical messengers that work together as a team to provide defence against infection. These components are discussed along with the critical signals that trigger them and how they exert their protective effects, including innate and adaptive responses. The consequences of too little immunity (immunodeficiency), caused for example by HIV/AIDS, and too much, leading to auto-immune and allergic diseases, are also considered.
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31

Romero, Anthony D., und Dina Temple-raston. In Defense of Our America: The Fight for Civil Liberties in the Age of Terror. William Morrow, 2007.

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32

Dambuza, Ivy M., Jeanette Wagener, Gordon D. Brown und Neil A. R. Gow. Immunology of fungal disease. Herausgegeben von Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum und Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0009.

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Advances in modern medicine, such as organ transplantations and the appearance of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), have significantly increased the patient cohort at risk of developing chronic superficial and life-threatening invasive fungal infections. To tackle this major healthcare problem, there is an urgent need to understand immunity against fungal infections for the purposes of vaccine design or immune-mediated interventions. In this chapter, we give an overview of the components of the innate and adaptive immune system and how they contribute to host defence against fungi. The various cell types contributing to fungal recognition and the subsequent stimulation of phagocytosis, the activation of inflammatory and B- and T-cell responses, and fungal clearance are discussed using the major fungal pathogens as model systems.
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33

Romero, Anthony D., und Dina Temple-raston. In Defense of Our America: The Fight for Civil Liberties in the Age of Terror. William Morrow, 2007.

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34

Handbook Of Operations Research For Homeland Security. Springer, 2012.

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35

Rello, Jordi, und Bárbara Borgatta. Pathophysiology of pneumonia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0115.

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Airway colonization, ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT), and hospital-acquired (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are three manifestations having the presence of micro-organisms in airways in common. Newer definitions have to consider worsening of oxygenation, in addition to purulent respiratory secretions, chest-X rays opacities, and biomarkers of inflammation. Bacteria are the main causes of HAP/VAP. During hospitalization there’s a shift of airway’s colonizing flora from core organisms to enteric and non-fermentative ones. Macro- and micro-aspiration is the most important source of pneumonia. Endotracheal tube secretion leakage is an important source, serving biofilm as a reservoir. Exogenous colonization is infrequent, but it may contribute to cross-infection with resistant species. Prevention of VAP can be achieved by implementing multidisciplinary care bundles focusing on oral/hand hygiene and control of sedation. Pneumonia develops when micro-organisms overwhelm host defences, resulting in a multifocal process. Risk and severity of pneumonia is determined by bacterial burden, organism virulence and host defences. Innate and adaptive immune responses are altered, decreasing clearing of pathogens. Some deficits of the complement pathway in intubated patients are associated with increased risk for VAP and higher mortality. Micro-arrays have demonstrated specific different immunological signatures for VAP and VAT. Early antibiotic therapy is associated with a decrease in early HAP/VAP incidence, but selects for MDR organisms. Attributable mortality is lower than 10%, but HAP/VAP prolongs length of stay, and dramatically increase costs and use of health care resources.
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36

(Foreword), Norman R. Augustine, und William R. Schilling (Editor), Hrsg. Nontraditional Warfare: Twenty-First Century Threats and Responses. Potomac Books, 2002.

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37

Homeland Security: Protecting America's Targets. Praeger Security International, 2006.

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38

Homeland Security: Protecting America's Targets. Praeger Security International, 2006.

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39

Forest, James J. F. Homeland Security: Protecting America's Targets. Praeger Security International, 2006.

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40

Forest, James J. F. Homeland Security: Protecting America's Targets. THREE VOLUMES. Praeger Security International Multi-volume, 2006.

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41

Forest, James J. F. Homeland Security: Protecting America's Targets [3 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2006.

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42

Ortloff, Charles R. Water Engineering in the Ancient World. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199239092.001.0001.

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Charles Ortloff provides a new perspective on archaeological studies of the urban and agricultural water supply and distribution systems of the major ancient civilizations of South America, the Middle East, and South-East Asia, by using modern computer analysis methods to extract the true hydraulic/hydrological knowledge base available to these peoples. His many new revelations about the capabilities and innovations of ancient water engineers force us to re-evaluate what was known and practised in the hydraulic sciences in ancient times. Given our current concerns about global warming and its effect on economic stability, it is fascinating to observe how some ancient civilizations successfully coped with major climate change events by devising defensive agricultural survival strategies, while others, which did not innovate, failed to survive.
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43

Ruse, Michael. Rival Paradigms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867577.003.0011.

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We have two recent writers on war, one a Christian and the other a Darwinian, showing that the familiar themes continue strong. In In Defence of War, Oxford Regius Professor of Theology, Nigel Biggar, argues that an Augustinian position rightly acknowledges original sin and the need for Christians to take up arms. He thinks the slaughter on the Somme justified and endorses the propriety of the Second Iraq War. In The Better Angels of our Nature, Harvard Professor of Psychology Steven Pinker argues that innately we are violent but that, over the generations, thanks to culture, we are becoming less and less warlike. Biggar is strongly committed to Providence, all is in God’s hands, Pinker is strongly committed to progress, things have and will continue to get better. We have now certainly shown that the clash between Christianity and Darwinism is less science vs. religion and more one of religion vs. religion. The case is made for Darwinism as religion. Looking ahead, now discussing in its own right the nature and causes of war, has the comparison between Christianity and Darwinism on war mean we can now move the discussion forward?
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44

Baldwin, David A., und Helen V. Milner. Political Economy of National Security. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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45

Baldwin, David A., und Helen V. Milner. Political Economy of National Security: An Annotated Bibliography. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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46

Political Economy of National Security: An Annotated Bibliography. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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47

Baldwin, David A., und Helen V. Milner. Political Economy of National Security. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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48

Understanding Homeland Security: Policy, Perspectives, and Paradoxes. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.

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49

System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics (Public Affairs and Policy Administration Series). 2. Aufl. CQ Press, 2007.

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50

System Under Stress: Homeland Security and American Politics (Public Affairs and Policy Administration Series). CQ Press, 2004.

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