Dissertationen zum Thema „Ingénierie du tissus osseux“
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Grellier, Adeline Maritie. „La communication ostéo-endothéliale : application en ingénierie du tissu osseux“. Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21560.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone development and remodelling are dependant on a tight cell cooperation between osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell types, responsible for bone formation and degradation, respectively. Angiogenesis is also a key process involved in these mechanisms and cell communication between osseous and endothelial cells is fundamental This work aims to study the cell communication between human osteoprogenitors (HOPs) arising from bone marrow and human endothelial cells (human umbilical cord endothelial cells : HUVECs). This osteo-endothelial communication was analysed using a well defined in vitro co-culture model in 2D but also into a 3D system into alginate microsphères which were then implanted in vivo in a bone defect in nude mice. In a first part, the HOPs were submitted to a mechanical stress which is an important parameter for the physiology of bone. Their ability to regulate their phenotype was demonstrated under shear stress. In co-culture wuth HUVECs, the phenotype was regulated and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor seems to be involved in this regulation. The endothelial phenotype was also regulated in co-culture since HUVECs migration led to a tubular-like cell rearrangement. Into alginate microspheres cultured in vitro, the HUVECs stimulated the osteoblastic phenotype of HOPs. Moreover, after implantation in a bone defect in vivo, the HUVECs enhanced the HOP-induced mineralization. This work shows that the cells are able to communicate and seems promising for the development of new tissue engineering strategies
Ho-Shui-Ling, Antalya. „Etude 2D et 3D de la régénération osseuse à la surface et au sein de biomatériaux architecturés et ostéo-inductifs“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo date, titanium-based alloys (Ti) remain the most used implantable materials for load-bearing applications. Emerging additive manufacturing techniques such as electron beam melting (EBM) enable to custom-build architectured scaffolds of controlled macroporosity. In very difficult clinical situations, potent bioactive signals are needed to boost stem cells: osteoinductive molecules such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2) are currently used for this purpose. However, one of their limitations is their inappropriate delivery with collagen sponges. Biomimetic surface coatings made of the biopolymers poly(L-lysine) and hyaluronic acid, (PLL/HA) polyelectrolyte films, have recently been engineered as nanoreservoirs for BMP proteins. The aim of this PhD thesis was to develop architectured and osteoinductive 3D titanium-based scaffolds as innovative synthetic bone grafts. To this end, we used the EBM additive manufacturing technique to engineer porous scaffolds with cubit unit-cells. Their surface was coated with biomimetic films containing the bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). The porosity was well controlled with a difference from CAD models of less than 1%. The osteoinductive capacity of BMP-7 loaded films was assessed using murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by quantifying their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, which increased in a dose-dependent manner. The coating of the 3D architectured scaffolds by the bioactive film was characterized using optical and electron microscopy techniques. Finally, the 3D architectured scaffolds coated with BMP-7-loaded films were proved to be osteoinductive at the early stage in vitro. Preliminary experiments are currently done to assess their performance in an in vivo model of a critical size femoral bone defect in rat
Fénelon, Mathilde. „La MAH en ingénierie tissulaire : application à la régénération du tissu osseux“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used to repair damaged bone. GBR is based on the application of a membrane which will act as a physical barrier to isolate the intended bone-healing space. The development of bioactive membranes has been suggested to overcome some limitations of the currently used membrane. Due to its biological properties, the human amniotic membrane (HAM) is a new biological membrane option for GBR. This study aimed at investigating the most suitable conditions to use HAM for GBR. First, the influence of both HAM sides and the impact of cryopreservation were studied. Then, a new decellularization process of HAM, that is simple and reproducible, has been developed. In a third part, bone regeneration of non-critical and critical sized defects depending on the preservation method of HAM was assessed in rodents. Results showed that neither stem cells found in HAM, nor the HAM layer used to cover the defect had an influence on its potential for bone regeneration. The most promising results were achieved with the decellularized/lyophilized HAM for the field of bone regeneration
Catros, Sylvain. „Etude de la Micro-Impression d'Eléments Biologiques par Laser pour l'Ingénierie du Tissu Osseux“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14108/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone Tissue Engineering is a multidisciplinary field which aims to produce artificial tissues for regenerative medicine. The purpose of this work was to produce three-dimensional bone substitute using a laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB) workstation developped in the laboratory INSERM U577 (TEAL Project: Tissue Engineering Assisted by Laser). The first step of the work consisted in the synthesis of specific materials for LAB and in the characterization of their biological and physico-chemical properties. We have prepared a nano-hydroxyapatite bioink, human cells bioinks and hydrogels bioinks. Then, three-dimensional materials have been prepared using LAB and have been implanted in vivo in mice. The results have shown that Laser Assisted Bioprinting is an efficient method fo patterning 3-D materials using biolgical elements
Maisani, Mathieu. „Conception et développement d’hydrogels pour l’ingénierie tissulaire appliquée au tissu osseux“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0667/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew strategies to overcome the clinical limitations of current techniques for bone defect filling and regeneration has led to the involvement of bone tissue engineering. Indeed, strategies based on tissue engineering techniques seem to be an alternative to the use of grafts and thus to defeat their limits. The approach employed in this thesis consists in development and use of hydrogels as scaffold materials for bone defect filling and regeneration. There are many approaches that also use hydrogels, each one with its advantages and limitations. In this context, our work consisted in the use of a non-polymeric hydrogel as basic material in the development of strategies for bone tissue engineering. Briefly, several cell types are present within bone tissue and will participate in the processes of bone formation and regeneration. The objective of our strategies was the contribution of exogenous stem cells and then their differentiation into osteogenic cells or the recruitment and differentiation of the host cells into osteogenic cells within the material. The GNF gel was used as a three-dimensional matrix considering its properties of injectability, gelation in the absence of toxic crosslinking agent and its osteoinductive potential. The goal was to develop strategies for bone tissue engineering by combining the GNF gel with a natural matrix of cellular collagen or bioactive molecules to promote the regeneration of bone lesions. This work allowed to develop and characterize strategies relevant to the regeneration of bone lesions based on the use of hydrogels
Hamdan, Ahmad. „Effets de dérivés sanguins sur le comportement de cellules ostéogéniques en culture : applications en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA07G001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTissue engineering is a new domain developed in the aim of restoring, replacing or maintaining biological functions and tissue integrity. H implies the seeding of stem cells on 3D scaffolds in the presence of proper signaling molecules to promote cellular activity. The use of autologous products is preferred, when possible, in order to avoid ail risk associated with the use of allogenous or xenogenous products. Blood derivatives represent a potential autologous source for growth factors as well as other moiecules that couid be used in tissue engineering. Our objective was to evaluate, in an in vitro model, the effects of 2 blood derivatives on the behavior of rat calvaria osteoblastic cells. In the first part, we evaluated the effects of a homologous serum on osteoblastic ce11 proliferation and differentiation. In the second part of this work, we studied the in vitro effects of a new 3D scaffold of blood origin, globin, on osteoblastic cells. Our results show that these 2 blood derivatives are capable of stimulating osteoblastic cell activity and could find, in the future, clinical applications in the field of human bone tissue engineering
Babilotte, Joanna. „BioFabrication par assemblage couche par couche pour l’ingénierie du Tissu Osseux“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn several clinical cases, dental implant placement can be hindered if the alveolar bone volume is limited. Current surgical methods for alveolar bone regeneration are not fully satisfying, and more reliable methods to regenerate bone is needed. Several biomaterials for bone substitution are available. However, they do not possess all the necessary properties for complete bone regeneration, as they lack osteoinductive and osteogenic potential.Tissue engineering can provide solutions for current issues in bone reconstruction. Tissue engineering strategies combine engineered scaffold with cells and suitable biochemical soluble factors. To produce the scaffold several techniques are available. These last years rapid prototyping technologies gained a huge interest, as they offer reproducibility and important resolution. The current issues remaining to produce living tissue constructs by bone tissue engineering techniques are related to cell seeding inside the macroporous scaffold. The conventional approach involves seeding cells onto a macroporous scaffold and expects cell colonization to form composite tissue constructs. Many limitations have been observed using this approach, due to slow vascularization, limited diffusion of nutrients, low cell density and non-uniform cell distribution.This project aims to address the limitations of scaffold-based bone tissue engineering, by organizing osteoprogenitor cells inside the scaffold. Based on previous results, we choose to use a layer-by-layer approach. This layer-by-layer fabrication method, also called “sandwich” in this work, should favor cell-material interaction and facilitate the maturation of these constructs. Finally, the amount and quality of tissue regenerated should be enhanced.The first part of the project consisted in the fabrication of scaffolds membranes. We have developed a new material, made of medical-grade poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) mixed with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA), in the shape of a filament for 3D printing by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). PLGA was chosen for its biodegradation rate and its mechanical properties close to human cortical bone. Nanoparticles of HA were included to improve the bioactivity of the material for bone tissue engineering applications. Then, these materials were characterized for mechanical and physico-chemical properties before in vitro and in vivo studies. In these parts, we used the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, to be closer to a potential clinical translation. The survival, proliferation and differentiation of the cells were evaluated. Finally, bone regeneration was observed after implantation of the constructs in a rat bone calvaria defect model
Froment, Aurélien. „Caractérisation structurale d'hydroxyapatites carbo-silicatées par RMN du solide : applications à l'ingénierie du tissu osseux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS435.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBioceramics based on calcium phosphates, and more particularly hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) are widely popular for applications linked to bone filling. These osteoconductive macroporous bioceramics provide a function of supporting bone regrowth, but the volumes are weak and only located on the edges of the host tissue. These bioceramics also have a limited capacity to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the heart of the implant and do not degrade according to a kinetic concomitant with that of the formation of new tissues. These limits have revealed the need to develop a new generation of biomaterials for clinical applications of regenerative medicine, biomaterials no longer only having the capacity to accommodate bone regrowth but must stimulate it. Carbo-silicate hydroxyapatites for which structural knowledge is very weak or almost non-existent are serious candidate materials for this new generation of biomaterials. The double substitution in carbonate ion, promotes the properties of biodegradation and osteoconduction, and in silicate ion, which in soluble form promotes bone formation, is a source of structural modifications that can lead to the modulation of the biological properties of those biomaterials. Structural knowledge of these new materials is therefore necessary before being able to classify them as future candidates for applications. The LCMCP has long had proven expertise in "NMR crystallography" in order to determine the structural properties of materials using characterization techniques. conventional and solid-phase NMR
Barou, Carole. „Conception d'un ciment à base de phosphates de calcium pour la reconstruction osseuse et la libération de médicaments“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe treatment of bone is a challenge due to the difficulty that has the bone to repair itself. Several surgical situations sometimes require the application of auto- and allografts. Autologous bone grafting is the gold-standard treatment for bone reconstruction as it is the only that can provide osteoinductive growth factors, osteogenic cells and osteoconductive scaffold. These procedures present many limitations including donor site morbidity, increased operative time and providing insufficient quantity or quality. There is therefore a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies able to exploit the natural regenerative potential of bone and that can be delivered in a less invasive manner. Among the materials studied for the development of novel scaffolds, calcium phosphate cements provide many advantages due to its biological performances, including their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, bioactivity, and interactions with cells. The aim of this thesis is the development and characterization of novel calcium phosphate based cements for bone regeneration. Our goal is to develop new original processes for the development of injectable scaffolds. The major advantage of such structures lies in the perfect biocompatibility with the mechanical properties similar to those of bone
Realista, Coelho Dos Santos Pedrosa Catarina. „Nanotopographies bioactives pour le contrôle de la différenciation des cellules souches mésenchymateuses pour des applications en ingénierie de tissu osseux“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0319/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanotopography with length scales of the order of extracellular matrix elements offers the possibility of regulating cell behavior. Investigation of the impact of nanotopography on cell response has been limited by inability to precisely control geometries, especially at high spatial resolutions, and across practically large areas. This work allowed the fabrication of well-controlled and periodic nanopillar arrays of silicon to investigate their impact on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Silicon nanopillar arrays with critical dimensions in the range of 40-200 nm, exhibiting standard deviations below 15% across full wafers were realized using self-assembly of block copolymer colloids. To investigate if modifications of surface chemistry could further improve the modulation of hMSC differentiation, mimetic peptides were grafted on the fabricated nanoarrays. A peptide known for its ability to ameliorate cell adhesion (RGD peptide), a synthetic peptide able to enhance osteogenesis (BMP-2 mimetic peptide), and a combination or both molecules were covalently grafted on the nanostructures.Immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) measurements reveal clear dependence of osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on the diameter and periodicity of the arrays. Moreover, the differentiation of hMSCs was found to be dependent on the age of the donor. Surface functionalization allowed additional enhancement of the expression of osteogenic markers, in particular when RGD peptide and BMP-2 mimetic peptide were co-immobilized. These findings can contribute for the development of personalized treatments of bone diseases, namely novel implant nanostructuring depending on patient age
Boukhechba, Florian. „Développement de modèles pour l'étude de la formation osseuse en culture tridimensionnelle et en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse“. Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree-dimensional culture (3D) of bone cells and bone tissue engineering are both based on the use of scaffolds to convey osteogenic cells and obtain in vitro and in vivo bone formation respectively. 3D culture is an important field in cell biology, dedicated to reduce the gap between two-dimensional culture and complex tissue architecture. Many works have described various scaffolds as support for the 3D culture of bone cells but in two studies only the presence of osteocyte-like cells have been detected after very long periods of culture. I have engineered an original model of 3D culture in which human primary osteoblasts are seeded within the interspace of calibrated biphasic calcium phosphate particles (BCP). This system results, after one week, in the development of an osteoid matrix and the spontaneous differentiation of the osteoblasts in osteocytes. This model of primary osteocyte differentiation in 3D is a new tool to gain insights into the biology of osteocytes, which compose over 90-95% of bone cells but are difficult to study due to their accessibility and the very rare models available in vitro. The aim of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate the bone stock through a combination of scaffolds, osteogenic factors and / or osteogenic cells. The majority of the studied in this field advocates the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) but the mechanism of action of these cells is still poorly documented. Based on the use of BCP particles, I have participated to the development of a new bone substitute, which has been patented in our laboratory. I have used this new biomaterial as a vehicle for mouse MSC in a model of ectopic bone formation. Using a method of quantitative tracking of the implanted cells, I have shown that the implanted MSC disappeared very quickly from the implants whereas host cells were progressively recruited suggesting that host cells are responsible for the bone formation. We have concluded that, in this model, MSC play a chemotactic function towards host cells. A preliminary study of the putative molecules involved in this phenomenon was performed with the aim of proposing a new
Schouman, Thomas. „Modélisation biomécanique et étude de la fonctionnalisation d’un implant personnalisé de reconstruction mandibulaire en titane poreux“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral articles report on the regeneration of bone defects using synthetic porous structures mimicking bone micro-architecture. Porous implants exhibiting mechanical properties close to that of bone tissue with enhanced osseointegration ability can be manufactured by means of selective laser melting of titanium. However, bone growth into the pores of such implant could be limited due to oversized elastic properties. We implemented an experimental study with ewes to assess the influence of the overall stiffness of these implants on bone ingrowth in critical-size mandibular defects. Fully load-bearing porous and control implants of varying overall stiffness were developed and implanted in two groups of six ewes. Bone ingrowth was assessed by mechanical characterization of bone-implant interfaces and by the measurement of the newly formed bone volume using micro-CT imaging. Higher bone ingrowth was identified in porous implants compared to control implants. Low-stiffness porous implants exhibited significantly higher bone ingrowth as compared to porous implants with stiffness closer to that of the missing bone. A finite elements model was developed to improve bone fixation of the implant and load transfer through the bone-implant interfaces
Josse, Jérôme. „Impact de l'infection à Staphylococcus aureus sur le microenvironnement osseux“. Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMP204/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStaphylococcus aureus-related bone and joint infections are common diseases whose consequences can range from simple cell damage to delayed bone repair or excessive inflammatory response. To study this phenomenon, we have developed two models of in vitro infection with Staphylococcus aureus and primary bone-forming cells derived from human surgical explants. These cells have been previously cultured in a standard medium or osteogenic medium to obtain two populations at different stages of maturation. The study of Staphylococcus aureus internalization, cell death and production of inflammatory mediators in these 2 populations allowed us to establish whether the impact of Staphylococcus aureus varied depending on cell maturation. We also studied the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord. In case of bone regeneration in infected site, mesenchymal stem cells may have to interact with Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, we characterized the ability of these cells to internalize Staphylococcus aureus, to survive against the infection and to produce inflammatory mediators in our in vitro model of acute infection. This project allowed us to validate our in vitro infection models and to characterize the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on different cells in the bone microenvironment, providing new approaches for the development of antibacterial strategies and bone tissue engineering
Ziane, Sophia. „Développement et caractérisation d'un hydrogel thérapeutique pour la régénération du tissu osseux“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21930/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone tissue is characterized by its mineralized matrix which is subject to formation and resorption activities ensuring its renewal and remodeling throughout the life. In case of damage, the bone can repair itself naturally to restore its integrity and its physical properties. Nevertheless, some pathologies or surgical procedures can lead to massive loss of bone and the natural process of self-repair is insufficient. First line, the bone graft is considered (autograft and allograft), however, due to reduced availability and risks of rejection and transmission of infectious agents, this technique is not feasible in all clinical situations. The surgeon can then make use of osteoconductive biomaterials but these are only usable in the case of filling of small defects because they are simply passive scaffold for bone formation. These limits may be exceeded through the concept of tissue enginee- ring, designing innovative biomaterials with high osteogenic power conferred by particular growth factors or osteoprogenitor cells. In our work we seek to develop a new product of tissue engineering to repair bone defects. The proposed strategy is based on the combination of a three-dimensional scaffold and adult stem cells derived from human adipose tissue (ASC). The originality of this system comes from the three-dimensional matrix, which is a thermosensitive hydrogel composed of synthetic monomeric Glycosyl-Nucleoside-Fluorinated (GNF) low molecular weight. In the field of bone regeneration, hydrogels are generally used as cellularized matrix molecules associated with osteogenic (BMP2, Beta-Glycerophosphate) or ions (Calcium : Ca2+, Phosphate : PO42-) to allow osteoblast differentiation of cells encapsulated in the gel. However, in our work, we have not used these osteogenic factors. Our study revealed that the hydrogel of GNF has the essential criteria to be used in clinical practice : non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, injectability and biointegration. Injections of gel/ASC complex performed in animal ectopic site have showed that the gel is formed in situ within 20 minutes and encapsulated cells survived and proliferated for several months. In situ, ASC were differentiated into mature osteoblasts expressing alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin and synthesizing an extracellular matrix rich in calcium phosphate. So, this work has allowed the development of an innovative product for tissue engineering, combining a three-dimensional scaffold, the GNF based hydrogel, a cellular component, the ASC. This cellularized matrix appears promising as injection system for clinical applications of bone regeneration
Renaud, Matthieu. „Évaluation d'un substitut osseux résorbable porteur de cellules souches : approche cellulaire pour la régénération osseuse in vivo“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the development of biomaterials in the field of bone grafts and alveolar preservation, the results are no sufficient to made reconstructions ad integrum of bone tissue. Bone engineering techniques seem to be the preferred way to improve our surgical techniques. Porous silicon is a promising material for tissue engineering and especially for bone regeneration. Indeed, its surface allows cell adhesion. And then, it’s a non-toxic and bioresorbable interesting material properties carrying stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are easily accessible cells in the oral cavity. Their proliferation and differentiation capacities associated with porous silicon appear to be attractive for therapeutic applications in bone regeneration. The results of the in vitro studies have shown the interest for in vivo application. In this thesis, we have tested the combination of porous silicon and dental pulp stem cells in vivo experimentation, using the same characteristics of the in vitro reference study. For this, the material was produced in particle form to be used as bone filling material, associated or not with DPSC. The rat-tail model was developed and tested to reduce the number of animals needed for the study while maintaining the statistical power of the results. Studies have shown the possibility of using this model for bone regeneration defects surgically created. In addition, it seems that this model can also be useful for studies on osseointegration of implantable systems and bone regeneration around these implants. Then, the porous silicon was tested under these conditions, with or without DPSC, in comparison with a positive control and a negative control. This association has emerged as a promising approach for bone regeneration in vivo
Bostan, Luciana Elena. „Matériaux polymères avec hydrophilie contrôlée. Applications en ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage articulaire“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743464.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuerrero, Julien. „Devenir des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines dans un environnement tridimensionnel : application à l’ingénierie du tissu osseux“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0200/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone tissue engineering aims to resolve the existing limitations of boneregeneration methods. One of the proposed strategies consists on the association,within a three-dimensional (3D) matrix, with autologous cells able to regenerate afunctional 3D tissue. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate theimpact of cellular communication, between cells of the stromal compartment andendothelial cells, within the three-dimensional porous matrix made of biodegradablenatural polysaccharides, focusing on bone repair. Our results show that thearchitecture and the nature of the 3D macroporous matrix promotes the guidance ofmesenchymal stems cells, derived from human bone marrow, towards theosteoblastic lineage. Also, that the organization in aggregates, promoted by the 3Dmatrices, stimulated cell communication, evidenced by the formation of GAPjunctions and activity of Connexins 43. We also focused on the function ofPannexines 1 and 3 for the 3D culture in these matrices of polysaccharides. Inconclusion, this work shows that cell-cell interactions play a major role in order toimprove bone tissue regeneration. Also, cellular and experimental data demonstratesthe advantage of using a total fraction of bone marrow cells to promote both boneformation and vascularization
Willemin, Anne-Sophie. „Stratégies cellulaires et environnementales pour le développement d’un substitut osseux prévascularisé“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0191.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn case of critical-sized defects, the bone tissue ability of natural healing is not sufficient and needs to be assisted. The autologous bone graft is currently the gold standard. However, this solution has drawbacks that have led to the development of bone substitutes. Nowadays, no substitute is able to supply autogenous bone, due to the difficulties to mimic the vascular system. In recent years, the hopes are focusing on the creation of a prevascularized bone substitute to overcome the main limitation of current alternatives: the creation of a functional vascular network inside the substitute. Our project aims to evaluate the stimulating effect of a natural compound, the nacre extracts called Ethanol Soluble Matrix (ESM), both on the angiogenic abilities of endothelial cell lineage and on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to develop a pre-vascularized bone substitute. First, we showed that ESM stimulates the angiogenic potential of two types of endothelial cells: mature endothelial cells (HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from cord blood. The ESM, used at the concentration of 200µg/mL, exceeded results obtained with the reference culture medium of EPCs: the EGM-2 (Endothelial Growth Medium). Then, we demonstrated that ESM also exerted a stimulating effect on MSC by increasing the expression of chondrocyte and hypertrophic chondrocyte specific markers, suggesting an orientation of these cells towards endochondral ossification. In line with this work, we studied the paracrine effect of MSCs on endothelial cell lineage, HUVECs and EPCs. Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (nEVs) have been shown to induce an in vitro stimulation of the vascular network formation and of the endothelial gene expression. These encouraging results highlight the feasibility of using ESM as a stimulus for both angiogenesis of EPCs and osteogenesis of MSCs. This stimulus could be associated with MSC-derived nEVs and EPCs within a three-dimensional matrix to develop a pre-vascularized bone substitute
Baudequin, Timothée. „Caractérisation biologique et mécanique d'un subsitut osseux biohybride et développement de scaffolds par électrospinning : vers un pansement vivant pour la reconstruction maxillo-faciale“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2219/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn hybrid bone substitute, based on a specific biomaterial (scaffold) and living cells, was studied, developed with a tissue engineered method and characterized. It should meet the expectations of the maxillofacial surgery : a standard process which could fit with the complex geometries of each patient’s bone mass loss, a flexible shape with an easy handling, a prevascularization and a sufficient mechanical cohesion. A sheet-like shape was thus designed and developed in a specific flat cell culture chamber, with a monolayer of calcium phosphate granules as a scaffold. After both biological and mechanical full characterizations with a cell line, the process was adapted to a coculture of human primary cells (stem and endothelial cells). Relevant differentiation and prevascularization were highlighted but the mechanical cohesion could be noticed as too low to ensure an easy handling during the surgery. The last part of this thesis project was thus the set-up of a device for electrospun polymer fibers in order to use them as a new scaffold. The production of these materials was efficiently performed for several polymers. The differentiation potential for bone and tendon lineages was studied and compared to other scaffolds from national and international collaborations. The application of mechanical solicitations to the substitutes during cellculture was also studied
Palomino, Durand Carla. „Hydrogels injectables et éponges à base de complexe polyélectrolytes (chitosane/polymère de cyclodextrine) pour une application en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRepair of bone defects by bone tissue engineering (BTE) methods is considered as an alternative to conventional grafts. The aim of this PhD project was to develop two types of BTE scaffolds for bone regeneration: one is in the form of injectable hydrogel, and the other is in the form of sponge. Both scaffolds based on the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes by mixing chitosan (CHT, cationic) and polymer of cyclodextrin (PCD, anionic). Besides developing the sponge scaffold, the vascularization of 3D scaffold (a challenge of BTE) was specially investigated in the first part of the work, for which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG) was loaded on the CHT/PCDs sponge to promote the vascularization. The second part of the thesis was dedicated to the elaboration of an injectable CHT/PCD hydrogel, which was intended for minimally invasive surgery. The formulation optimization of hydrogel was performed by tuning the composition ratios of two PCD components: soluble-form PCD (PCDs) and insoluble-form PCD (PCDi), in order to better reach the specific requirement (e.g. rheological properties) of injectable hydrogel for regenerative medicine. Finally, a prospective study on developing the composite hydrogel/sponge by adding a mineral phase - hydroxyapatite (HAp) in the formulation was realized to improve the mechanical and osteoconductive properties.CHT/PCDs sponges were obtained by freeze-drying the hydrogels CHT/PCDs 3:3. The thermal treatment (TT) at different temperatures was further applied on the sponge to improve the mechanical stability. The CHT/PCDs sponge treated at 160°C was opted for further study thanks to high swelling capacity (~ 600%) and moderate lysozyme-induced biodegradation rate in vitro (~ 12% mass loss 21 days). This sponge of choice was further evaluated for the microstructure, the mechanical property (compressive strength) and the cytocompatibility with pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results of X-ray microtomography showed a high porosity (~87%) in the sponge with interconnected pores. Good cell adhesion and in-growth (colonization) in the sponge were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After loading VEGF on the sponge, the release profile of VEGF and the bioactivity of released VEGF were thoroughly studied. It showed that the release of VEGF was rapid (burst) during the first two days, then slowed down up to non-detectable by ELISA method after 7 days. The released VEGF during the first two days showed a significant pro-proliferation and pro-migration effect on HUVECs.For the injectable CHT/PCDi/PCDs hydrogels, optimization of composition ratio was based on evaluating their rheological properties, injectability, and cytotoxicity. The beneficial effect of combining both PCDi and PCDs in the formula of the hydrogel was clearly observed on the properties of hydrogel. Namely, the CHT/PCD hydrogel, composed of equal quantity of PCDi and PCDs, demonstrated the best compromise between structural stability, shearthinning and self-healing properties, and injectability. An excellent cytocompatibility with preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) was also confirmed for the hydrogel with this composition.Based on the optimized formulation, HAp was incorporated at different concentrations, which didn’t disturb the formation or the structural stability of the hydrogels, but improved the viscoelastic properties. The composite sponges, elaborated by lyophilization of these hydrogels, showed that the HAp particles homogeneously dispersed within the macroporous structure of the sponge. These encouraging results showed the feasibility of providing an injectable hydrogel or a composite sponge for BTE scaffold [...]
Baldini, Marc. „Caractérisation ultrasonore des tissus osseux“. Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR3310.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Pape Fiona. „Evaluation de la contribution d'une hémoglobine marine dans la culture cellulaire et dans la cellularisation de substituts osseux et méniscaux par des cellules souches mésenchymateuses“. Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aimed to develop cell culture systems, in 2D and 3D, based on the properties of HEMOXCell®, a marine oxygen carrier. Our approach was articulated in two main parts: the first one dealing with the assessment of the use of HEMOXCell® in the culture of two cellular models, and the second one, exploiting the results obtained for tissue engineering purposes. In this first axis, the dose-response effect of HEMOXCell® in the CHO-S cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro culture, allowed the identification of optimal working concentrations, which can promote cell viability and proliferation. The CHO-S model has contributed to the establishment of a performance test of the molecule, and encouraged its use for bioproduction stimulation. The tests performed on MSCs were used to validate the harmlessness of the molecule at low doses and the maintenance of "stemness". The idea to associate MSCs with porous scaffolds is a promising approach for tissue engineering applications, but it is confronted to the lack of oxygen in the depth of the substitutes. In the second part of this project, we worked at improving the cellularization of bone and meniscal substitutes, under static and dynamic culture systems, w/ and w/o HEMOXCell®. In parallel, a study was conducted to attempt to characterize the meniscal cells. Analyses of cellularized biomaterials suggest a beneficial effect of HEMOXCell® when used as a differentiation media supplement. This work contributed to improve this oxygen carrier understanding and to extend the field of its potential uses particularly for therapeutic applications
Mechiche, Alami Saad. „Substrats phospho-calciques pour la régénération osseuse“. Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone tissue engineering is a major issue within regenerative medicine. There are three main components in the field of tissue engineering: a scaffold providing a structure for tissue development, a source of stem cells for tissue formation and growth factors or physical stimuli from the biomaterial to direct growth and differentiation of cells. The purpose of this study was to synthesize calcium phosphate substrates by simultaneous spraying of interacting species and to carry out the physico-chemical characterization of the built substrates. We showed that the spraying technique allows the inclusion of organic molecules such as chitosan and hyaluronic acid. The spraying technique allows several physio-chemical characteristics to be varied, rugosity (300 – 700 nm), elasticity (2 – 6 GPa), chemical composition (octacalcium phosphate or dicalcium phosphate dehydrate), but also studied the bioactivity of the substrates (calcium phosphate from the culture medium precipitates at thesurface of the substrates). In another hand, our aim was to isolate stem cells from human umbilical cords’ Wharton’s Jelly and to carry out their genic and proteic characterization by focusing on mesenchymal markers and immunomodulating cytokines, knowing that these cells are candidates for a use in bone regeneration therapy.The last purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential of Wharton’s jelly stem cells to adhere and proliferate onto the sprayed substrates, and also the formation of nodules. The ultrastructural analysis of nodules formed by Wharton’s jelly stem cells showed a layer of secretory cells surrounding collagen fibers, calcium phosphate crystals and cells with a similar morphology to that of osteocytes. Osteoblastic markers appeared to be regulated in cells cultured without osteogenic supplements. To conclude, sprayed calcium phosphate substrates seem to induce osteoblastic differentiation of Wharton’s jelly stem cells through the substrate’s physico-chemical properties. Our model appears as promising for further bone regenerative therapies
Cruel, Magali. „Caractérisation et optimisation de l'environnement mécanique tridimensionnel des cellules souches au sein des bioréacteurs d'ingénierie tissulaire osseuse“. Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone tissue engineering is currently in full development and a growing field of research. The consideration of the mechanotransduction process is a key factor in the optimization of bioreactors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) used in bone tissue engineering are known to be mechanosensitive but our knowledge of the mechanisms of cell response to mechanical stress needs to be improved. This thesis has a double goal: determining the best possible mechanical microenvironment for human MSC, and apply this environment in a bioreactor. To that aim, human MSC were grown in different conditions and subjected to mechanical stresses. Their response was analyzed through osteogenesis markers. A numerical model was also implemented to simulate the flow in bioreactor with a granular scaffold and evaluate levels and distributions of stresses felt by cells. It was shown that cell response to mechanical stress is strongly dependent on the tridimensional environment. This biological and mechanical study highlights tracks of improvement for bioreactors and scaffolds to optimize the mechanical tridimensional environment of cells in bone tissue engineering
Valentin, Bianco Isabelle. „Etude des contraintes à l'interface implant dentaire/tissus osseux“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKuterbekov, Mirasbek. „Microporteurs polymériques poreux à surface bioactive pour l’ingénierie de tissus osseux“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe regeneration of critical-sized bone defects remains a major healthcare challenge. The limitations of common tissue grafts prompted us to develop a synthetic alternative based on a biomaterial construct, osteoinductive factors and stem cells. For biomaterial construct, we focused on porous polymeric microcarriers as they support large-scale cell expansion and modular tissue assembly, circumventing two important bottlenecks for clinical translation. To insure industrial supply and regulatory approval, we designed an organic-solvent-free method for their fabrication based on the spherulitic crystallization of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) in its blends with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PLLA spherulites were easily recovered as microcarriers by rinsing away the water-soluble PEG. Their size and porosity could be independently controlled by tuning the PLLA/PEG ratio and crystallization temperature. The biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of PLLA microcarriers were confirmed through the expansion and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). Because the latter hASC function is sensitive to different culture parameters, we then used the Design of Experiments approach for their rapid screening. In combination with high-throughput analysis, we identified several parameters that had a pronounced influence on their osteogenic differentiation. Finally, for the delivery of osteoinductive factors, we elaborated polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) based on biocompatible poly(L-ornithine) and hyaluronic acid. These PEMs were characterized in terms of their growth, morphology, the ability to incorporate bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and to function as coatings on PLLA microcarriers. Our preliminary results showed that the incorporation of BMPs inside PEMs had a strong effect on hASC adhesion. While further studies are needed, hASC-seeded PLLA microcarriers coated with BMP-loaded PEMs could be a promising synthetic implant for improved bone regeneration
Granel, Henri. „Mise au point, caractérisation et optimisation d’hybrides organominéraux à base de polycaprolactone et bioverre pour la régénération tissulaire osseuse : Ingénierie tissulaire osseuse“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC106.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndisponible
Rederstorff, Émilie. „Potentiel des exopolysaccharides marins en ingénierie des tissus squelettiques“. Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDegenerative hurts of skeletal tissue affect an important part of the population and represent a major stake in health care. However, the therapeutic approaches for the repair of these tissues, suffer from numerous limitations. In this context, a multidisciplinary efforts has been done to develop alternative therapeutic solutions, leading to a new discipline; tissue engineering. This discipline has for objective to develop biological substitutes, by developing hybrid constructs associating three-dimensional matrices with cells. The goal of this thesis was to estimate the potential of two exopolysaccharides (EPS) from marine origin HE800 and GY785 in skeletal tissue engineering. During a first study, we set up a sterilization method adapted to marine EPS. Then, toward the development of physically and biologically competent 3 D matrices, we demonstrated in the second study that the association of EPS to a sililated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC) increases the mechanical properties of the scaffold. The third study deepened on the biological properties of the GY785/Si-HPMC scaffold on cartilage tissue engineering with rabbit articular chondrocytes (RAC). Results indicate the ability of this scaffold to maintain and to recover a chondrocytic phenotype as well as the production of cartilage-like extracellular matrix. The results of these works show the interest of marine EPS in tissue engineering and more particularly, the significance of GY785 EPS in cartilage tissue engineering
Hadida, Mikhael. „Développement d'un système de culture perfusé pour l'élaboration de modèles de tissus osseux“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnimal models remain the “gold standard” in biology for both fundamental research and drug development. However, these models are also associated with heavy ethical, scientific and economic drawbacks. For those reasons, some biological procedures are headed towards a paradigm shift from animal testing to in vitro tissue and organ models. At the time, current bone tissue models remain rudimentary, and the exact influence of culture parameters on cell behavior is still mostly unknown.This aim of this thesis is the development of an innovating 3D perfused culture system, allowing the controlled, standardized and streamlined production of scaffold-based bone tissue models dedicated to fundamental biology, pharmaceutical and preclinical studies. The manuscript is built around a critical analysis of the literature, the resulting design process and the valorization strategies (patent, European project) developed to ensure the project continuity
Amewoui, Ekoue-Adjoka Foli Noël. „Impact de l’opération de perçage sur l’intégrité des tissus osseux : modélisation et expérimentation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone drilling is commonly practised in various surgical operations for orthosynthesis screws insertion or placement of dental and cochlear implants. During bone drilling procedure, the thermomechanical constraints resulting from the tool-bone interaction can damage the bone tissues in the vicinity of the drilling area. Thus, a significant increase in temperature can cause thermal osteonecrosis. It is therefore important to optimize the operating conditions (spindle speed and feed rate, geometry of the drill, drilling operation strategy ...) in order to reduce the risk of damage to bone tissues. To do this, it is necessary to analyse and understand the effects of cutting conditions on the mechanisms controlling the drill-bone interaction. The present work aims to contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms by combining an experimental approach with numerical and analytical modelling. The experimental study investigates the effect of the cutting speed, feed rate of the drill and the microstructure of the drilled area on the resulting cutting forces (thrust force and axial torque) and temperature rise during the drilling of porcine bone specimens and biomechanical test materials (Sawbones). These materials have the advantage of a uniform microstructure per given sample unlike bone. Numerical models of orthogonal cutting and bone drilling are implemented using the Finite Element code ABAQUS / Explicit. The purpose of this development is to analyse the influence of bone constitutive and damage laws on the model predictions (cutting mechanism, temperature and cutting forces). In order to propose a simplified approach, an analytical modelling based on moving heat source theory is developed for predicting bone thermal response. The relevance and limits of the approach proposed is shown through experimental validation
Wagner, Quentin. „Optimisation de dispositifs médicaux thérapeutiques implantables pour l'ingénierie tissulaire osseuse et cartilagineuse“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ114/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur team optimized the formulation of implantable medical devices for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. To that end, we based our work on nanostructured implants, either natural or synthetic, made in the laboratory by electrospinning process, to mimic bone extracellular matrix, and hydrogel of alginate/hyaluronic acid to mimic cartilage extracellular matrix. First, concerning bone regeneration, we optimized the formulation of a nanostructured scaffold composed of natural chitosan to enhance bone regeneration. This was made possible by doping this implantable medical device with silica nanoparticles, offering this nanocomposite better mechanical properties, and excellent biocompatibility with host tissue. Another study with the same aim allowed elaborating a new cell seeding strategy, to seed these implantable medical devices with cell microtissues instead of single cells, offering higher mineralisation efficiencies within the implant. Consequently, for the regeneration of the osteochondral unit, we proposed two compartmented and hybrid implants comprising mesenchymal stem cells microtissues. Those implants are made of a hydrogel containing the stem cells, allowing the regeneration of cartilage, and a membrane, either natural (collagenic Bio-Gide®) or synthetic (electrospun polycaprolactone) equipped with nanoreservoirs (technology patented by the laboratory) of osteogenic growth factor (BMP-7) for the regeneration of osseous stand (the subchondral bone) of the bone-cartilage unit. Finally, to study the improvement in vascular recruitment, we proposed a new strategy combining the modification of an implantable device with angiogenic growth factor (VEGF), prior to its sequential seeding with mesenchymal cells “human osteoblasts” and human endothelial cells (HUVECs). This strategy allowed higher recruitment and structuration of endothelial cells within the implant. To conclude, the implant optimisation strategies developed in the laboratory will certainly allow proposing in the near future new combined Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) and Implantable Medical Device for bone and cartilage regeneration, in particular in the field of osteoarticular regenerative nanomedicine
Nikel, Ondr̆ej. „Rôle de l'ostéopontine et de l'ostéocalcine à l'interface organique-inorganique dans les tissus osseux“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20219/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe decrease in bone mechanical properties occurs with age. The associated fragility fractures present a global public health concern. The use of bone mineral density as a predictor of risk of fracture is, however, limited. A more comprehensive understanding of bone quality and its link to bone fragility is thus desirable. Besides the brittleness caused by nonenzymatic glycation of collagen, bone fracture resistance is also influenced by noncollagenous components such as osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN). The structural role of OC and OPN in bone and how they contribute to mechanical properties is however unclear. The objective of this thesis is to elucidate these two aspects. Key interactions associated with the binding of OC and OPN to bone mineral were studied in a synthetic model. Using genetically modified animal model lacking OC and/or OPN, the role of OC and OPN in organic-inorganic interface was examined by solid state NMR, and their link to mechanical properties was studied via a series of tissue level mechanical tests, measuring fracture toughness, creep, or fatigue. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that OC and OPN are present as structural elements in bone and contribute to tissue mechanical properties via ionic interactions at the interfaces between mineralized fibrils
Bessot, Elora. „Structuration en 3D de phases cristal-liquides pour la formation biomimétique de tissus osseux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone is a hybrid material that combines a dense and organized organic matrix of collagen fibrils and a mineral network of hydroxyapatite. The formation of this hierarchical material has often been studied biologically. How to study it from a physicochemical point of view and thus be able to reproduce the organization at the suprafibrillar scale? We propose to identify these parameters by applying in vitro constraints to the mesophases of collagen in order to control the 3D spatial arrangement of the oriented domains. Microfluidic chambers mimicking compact bone and emulsion methods mimicking the cancellous bone-bone marrow interaction were used. These models made it possible to highlight the involvement, in particular, of confinement, collagen flow and network geometry in the resulting fibrillar organization. Microscopy techniques reveal that these biological organizations result from the texturization of collagen mesophases on a macroscopic scale through the observation of defects inherent in the geometry of the tissues. This study opens up perspectives in the understanding of the physicochemical mechanisms and the organization of in vivo anisotropic domains involved in morphogenesis and biomineralization. It opens up prospects for tissue engineering to repair larger defects and promote osteoinduction
Miguel, Martínez de Aragón Laura de. „Nanoparticules multifonctionnelles de PBLG destinées au ciblage et à la délivrance d’anticancéreux aux tissus osseux“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114829/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMultifunctional bone targeted polymeric nanoparticles prepared by self-assembly of several poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) derivates have been developed. Their bone binding properties were provided by two different osteotropic moieties, alendronate or/and poly(glutamic acid) exposed on the nanoparticle surface. Their affinity for bone tissues has been evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, including their detailed distribution in bone tissues structures. Further, in view of bone cancer therapeutics, nanoparticles were provided with anticancer properties thanks to the complexation of cisplatin, which leaded to very well controlled release properties. Finally, cytotoxicity were studied. Therefore, this strategy constitute a promising approach for the improvement of bone cancer therapeutics
Bosc, Romain. „Impact des tissus mous sur les méthodes acoustiques d’évaluation de la stabilité des implants osseux“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract:This work studies the biomechanical behavior of a cadaveric model and an in vitro model of total hip arthroplasty. We sought to highlight and study parameters that could allow us to have a method of objective analysis of the stability of the acetabular cup implant.The first part describes the context of the study. We have emphasized the different methods of analysis that make it possible to analyse the stability of a bone implant. Indeed, despite the daily use of implants, the failure rate of osseointegration remains high and failures still happen due to inadequate mechanical behavior of the prosthesis.Among the identified causes of failure, aseptic loosening of the acetabular cup after hip arthroplasty may be related to a primary defect in stability, not achieved during the surgical procedure. It has been shown that loosening of the acetabular cup may result from poor primary stability between the prosthetic cup and the surrounding bone.A method of estimating primary stability could allow the orthopaedic surgeon to better control the stability of the implants he poses in the operating room.The main purpose of this thesis work was to study the impact signals on the prosthetic acetabulum.Firstly, we carried out a study of the insertion of the cup by impacts on a cadaveric model. A correlation was found between impact time and stability (R2 = 0.69). This experimental study has thus shown the potential of the impact signal processing method in predicting the primary stability of the acetabular cup. But we observed changes between the signals obtained on the different subjects. We hypothesized that these changes were related to soft tissue variation between subjects.The third part of this thesis focused on analysing the biomechanical behavior of our model in the presence of soft tissues.We used again the in vitro model that we had developed and added in the impaction system turkey slices of varying thickness.The purpose of this second study was to integrate the parameter related to the existence of a variable thickness of soft tissues in the dynamic interaction between the hammer, the ancillary (and the cup) and the bone tissue during the insertion. The mean and standard deviation of the Im indicator obtained for all samples and configurations at a soft tissue thickness value of 10 mm (30 mm) was 0.592 ± 0.141, (respectively 0.552 ± 0.139). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant effect of the value of soft tissue thickness on the values of the Im indicator (F = 3.16, p = 0.08). Despite the obvious limitations of an in vitro study on a partial model of total hip arthroplasty, these results, as well as the previous results obtained on anatomical subjects, show the feasibility of developing a medical device dedicated to estimating the stability of the acetabular implant and which could be used as a decision support system by the orthopaedic surgeons
Pierre, Julien Oddou Christian. „Analyse théorique de bioréacteurs et d'implants utilisés en génie tissulaire osseux et cartilagineux“. Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0405095.htm.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePierre, Julien. „Analyse théorique de bioréacteurs et d'implants utilisés en génie tissulaire osseux et cartilagineux“. Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to better understand the perfusion cultures of bony and cartilaginous tissue engineered implants. Perfusion culture processes may improve tissue development via enhanced transport of nutrients or gases as well as the application of mechanical stimuli, or a combination of these factors. Several mathematical models are established in one, two or three dimensions at the length scale of the implant or of its pores. This models describe the culture conditions in terms of oxygenation and flow generated shear stresses. According to the considered biological phenomena, the time scale varies from few hours to one week. Depending on the culture conditions, results suggest that the local conditions "experienced" by the cells could be significantly different from the conditions obtained at the implant length scale. Experimentally, the culture of "large" bony implants under axial perfusion process remains difficult or impossible. The results suggest that such experimental difficulties could be partially explained by a paradox : the improvement of mechanical culture conditions is done to the detriment of the cell oxygenation (and conversely). At last, the oxygenation conditions of cartilaginous implants are analyzed in order to better characterize their culture process and to suggest future experimental work
Toure, Amadou. „Contribution au développement de substituts osseux auto-réticulants en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse maxillo-faciale“. Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1044/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCranio-maxillofacial bone loss requires rehabilitation of the manducatory functions and aesthetics. Autologous bone graft (ABG) remains the gold standard but may be associated with donor site morbidity; hence the need for an alternative. The use of bone tissue engineering (BTE) products remains a challenge for clinicians and researchers.Their success depends essentially on the interaction between the biomaterial and the morphogens used. BTE strategies, mediated by BMP2, have limitations. To remedy this, different protein delivery systems are studied or tested. This work contributes to the development of a self-crosslinking bone substitute (SCBS), improving the local efficiency of BMP2 and the regeneration of bone loss. Therefor, we develop a composite biomaterial consisting of two phases, calcium phosphate granules (BCP) and a silanized hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose hydrogel (Si-HPMC). The hypothesis is that the gradual release of BMP2 induces bone regeneration without causing any undesirable effects. The results obtained make it possible to consider this composite biomaterial as a promising alternative to grafting. Additional investigations, for better efficiency and safety, are needed for a transfer to human clinic
Kesse, Xavier. „Elaboration de nanoparticules magnétiques et bioactives pour le traitement du cancer et la régénération de tissus osseux“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMost patients suffering of cancer develop bone metastases because of the migration of primary tumors cells. Surgical extraction is one of the commonly used therapies in clinical settings but deteriorates significantly the patient quality of life. In this context, it is needed to improve this therapy to minimize its side effects. We propose to design a new kind of multifunctional biomaterial, composed of bioactive glass and iron oxide nanoparticles to combine the benefits of bone regeneration and destruction of cancerous cells through magnetic hyperthermia. Indeed, these particles could be implanted into the cavity originating from the tumor removal, and the heat produced by the magnetic particles in an alternative magnetic field would destroy selectively the remaining or resurgent cancerous cells. Finally, the bioactive glass would induce the bone regeneration in the cavity. In a first part of this work, the influence of the synthesis parameters (sol-gel process) on the composition and the textural properties of bioactive nanoparticles (SiO2-CaO) have been studied. The impact of their composition on their bioactivity has then been investigated. In a second part, core/shell nanoparticles composed of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and bioactive glass (SiO2-CaO) have been synthesized and characterized. The good performances in terms of heating power (SAR) and bioactivity of the γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-CaO heterostructures pave the way to their use for bone cancer treatment
Lalande, Charlotte. „Développement d'un nouveau produit d'ingenierie tissulaire osseuse à base de polymères et de cellules souche du tissu adipeux“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21853/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone tissue engineering may associate osteoprogenitor cells to a tridimensional scaffold that can promote tissue reconstruction in order to replace bone grafting strategies whose limitations are well known. This study aims to develop a new tissue-engineered construct for bone regeneration constituted by i) a tridimensional polysaccharide-based scaffold, ii) adult stem cells extracted from human adipose tissue and identify the best culture conditions needed to develop a functional construct for clinical use. Our results show that this macroporous scaffold offers, without any osteoinductive factors, a suitable architecture and composition for driving osteoblastic differentiation of ADSCs especially when placing the tissue-engineered construct in dynamic conditions, thanks to cell aggregate conformation promoting cell-to-cell interactions. Thanks to ADSCs labeling, the tissue-engineered construct can be tracked in vivo in a non invasive way by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), after their subcutaneous implantation. Results evidenced that this scaffold behaves as a cell carrier for of holding in its own cell fraction and delivering another fraction to the site of implantation for inducing a better tissue regeneration process. Finally, a serum free medium meeting standards GMPs (Good Manufacturing Practices) has been developed for inducing ADSCs osteoblastic differentiation as a first step towards clinical application.In conclusion, this polysaccharide-based scaffold associated with ADSCs, cultured under low fluid flow in a new bioreactor device, could be a relevant and promising tissue engineered construct for bone tissue engineering applications
Jacobs, Aurélie. „Dopage et mise en forme de biocéramiques apatitiques pour applications en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrent bone grafting solutions are limited in terms of quantity and quality, that is why the useof synthetic bone substitutes is on development. Managing the risk of infection during theimplantation of a biomaterial is essential, especially with the spread of antibiotic resistance,which represents a major public health problem. It is in this context that this work takes place.For this, bioceramics of biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP), which are bone substitutes ofchoice because of their strong chemical similarity with the mineral part of the bone and theirbiocompatibility, were synthesized by the sol-gel route and by aqueous precipitation. One oftheir particularity is that they can accept ionic substitutions in their composition, which is whydoping with copper ions was carried out, as well as with silver and gold in order to study themechanisms of incorporation of these ions in BCPs. These 3 metallic elements were chosenfor their very interesting antibacterial properties in the context of this study. Copper-dopedBCPs, in the form of powders (sol-gel synthesis) and disks (synthesis by aqueousprecipitation), have been studied to ensure their biocompatibility with human mesenchymalstem cells. Then the antibacterial properties of these materials were evaluated on strains ofclinical interest: S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.This work allowed highlighting different mechanisms of ions incorporation, in particular with thepresence of metallic nanoparticles for doping with silver and gold. For copper-doped BCPs,the material synthesis parameters (annealing temperatures and doping rate) influence thebiphasic composition of the materials and the copper release rate. The powders obtained bythe sol-gel route and the disks synthesized by aqueous precipitation do not exhibit anycytotoxicity towards human bone cells after several days of culture. The copper-doped BCPpowders demonstrated antibacterial properties after 24 hours of culture against S. aureus, S.aureus resistant to methicillin, and E. coli and the copper-doped BCP disks showedantibacterial activity against the 4 strains tested
Ehret, Camille. „Rôle du strontium en ingénierie tissulaire osseuse pour le développement d’une matrice composite de polysaccharides : application à la technique de Masquelet“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0690/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReconstruction of large and complex bone defects remains a challenge for orthopaedic and maxillo-facial surgery. The gold standard strategy for bone reconstruction is the autologous bone graft. However, this approach still exhibits some limitations (infection risks, morbidity at the donor site). In this context, tissue engineering can provide innovative solutions for bone reconstruction. Indeed, the use of osteoconductives and osteoinductives matrices could replace autograft. Based on previous data obtained by our laboratory, the first objective of this work was to develop a composite matrix of polysaccharides containing hydroxyapatite (HA) particles doped with strontium (Sr), to stimulate both bone formation and angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo results allow us to optimize the amount of HA particules and the ratio of Sr-substitution within the polysaccharide-based matrix. The second part of this work was to apply this biomaterial in the context of Masquelet approach. These two time procedure surgery, based on the formation of an induced membrane, is commonly used in orthopaedic and maxillo-facial surgery. The first chirurgical step uses a surgical cement (poly(methyl)methalcrylate, PMMA) to promote around it the formation of a vascularized membrane. Our work was to replace this cement by silicone and to study the influence of radiotherapy treatment on the quality and the function of this induced membrane. The first preclinical evaluation of this matrix has been performed on a rat femoral segmental bone defect, followed by a radiotherapy procedure. The perspectives of this work are to evaluate the performances of this matrix on irradiated segmental mandibular bone defect in large animal
Decool, Jean. „Recherches expérimentales sur la formation des tissus minéralisés : mise en évidence du rôle mnémonique des matrices extra-cellulaires“. Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVerezhak, Mariana. „Caractérisation multi-échelle du minéral osseux : apport de l'imagerie structurale par contraste de diffraction des rayons X et d'électrons“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone tissue is a biological composite material organized in several hierarchical levels that spread over more than 8 orders of magnitude in length scales, which is made of three principal components: collagen molecules, mineral nanocrystals and water. A fundamental understanding of how the mineral structure of bone tissue is organized at different length scales is essential for the biomedical community. To answer this demand, we applied novel methods currently in development for materials science to characterize the mineral phase: coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI), automated crystal orientation mapping with transmission electron microscope (ACOM-TEM) and pair distribution function analysis (PDF) of X-ray diffraction patterns.Bone tissue was investigated from its sub-angstrom arrangement, taking into account chemical composition and interatomic bond lengths shifts, through individual crystal organization (one crystal with respect to the next), to their micrometer organization with nanometer resolution, also allowing resolving the nanoporosity structure within the tissue.Beside the investigation of native bovine tissues, heated bones that are of interest in archeology, anthropology and forensic science, were used as a model to test for the applicability and sensitivity of the different methods for such biological materials. Moreover, a first insight into pathological bone tissues enabled to show that the structural differences of particular pathologies in comparison to healthy state can be observed already at the sub-angstrom scale (as seen from interatomic bonds shifts).The sample preparation described, the experimental setups and data analysis schemes could, furthermore, be applied to bone tissue at different anatomical location, with different degree of tissue maturation, to different species and pathological cases. Bone-like tissues such as dentin and antler as well as inorganic multiscale-porous materials could also be analyzed by the proposed scheme.Understanding the nanostructural characteristics of bone tissue is therefore useful to identify key structural markers of pathological human bone. This strategy could have an impact on future developments of new tools for diagnostic or to assess the effectiveness of pharmaceutical treatments
Dumas, Aline. „Cellules médullaires et biomatériaux implantables en site osseux“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433829.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChateaux, Jean-François. „Conception et réalisation d'une cellule de caractérisation des tissus biologiques par spectroscopie de bioimpédance dans la gamme fréquentielle, 100 Hz-1MHz : application aux tissus osseux, prise en compte de l'anisotropie“. Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0238_CHATEAUX.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRibolzi, Serge. „Procédé de détection électro-optique en temps réel des défauts dans les tissus“. Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, La Rosa Castolo Guillermo. „Analyse de la tenue mécanique des implants, des composants prothétiques et de l'interaction avec les tissus osseux en implantologie dentaire“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0700/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research purpose in this study is to develop of mechanical evaluation methods to dental implants, their prosthetic components and the interactions with bone tissues in mandible zone. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 to 20% of population from 35 to 44 years old is reached of partial edentulism problems and about 30% of population from 65 to 74 years old is reached of complete edentulism problems. This represents approximately 7 million people in France who have lost teeth during their lifetime. Treatments proposed by dental implantology have become effective solutions for edentulous patients with clinical success rates greater than 90%. However, clinical complications exist, characterized by inflammation or partial losses of the surrounding tissues. Dentists are responsible for the treatment choice for their patients; an appropriate decision is crucial and requires an understanding of the benefits and risks. In this context, a first methodology was developed for evaluated the endosseous dental implants under the conditions of the ISO 14801 certification standard. This methodology is based with an approach numerical by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Furthermore, theoretical approaches and clinical data were used to evaluate the mechanical resistance of the bone tissues in the jaw with different dental implant configurations and their prosthetic components
Cordonnier, Thomas. „Associations cellules souches mésenchymateuses et céramiques pour l'ingénierie tissulaire osseuse : intérêt du milieu cellulaire et de l'environnement tridimensionnel sur la différenciation ostéoblastique“. Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR3141/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOsteo-articular disorders affect millions of people over the world. Bone tissueengineering, an approach combining human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and syntheticmaterials, could potentially fulfill clinical needs. However, the different components of thisapproach and their association should be investigated further to make it clinically useful. Inthis thesis, an initial animal study close to clinical situation allowed us to identify areas thatneed improvement for regenerating bone defect. We were then able to develop a specificmedium which induces a rapid and terminal osteoblastic differentiation of MSC.Subsequently, the use of ceramic particles as cell support has allowed us to obtain hybridmainly composed of extracellular matrix. This biomimetic 3D environment allowsspontaneous osteoblastic commitment of MSC and induces a large bone quantity in vivo.Overall, these results highlight the importance of the environment and the cell differentiationstate for bone formation using bone tissue engineering
Ambard, Dominique. „Contribution à l'étude des interactions mécano-biologiques dans la cicatrisation des tissus périprothétiques“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30186.
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