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Frith, Jordan. „Technical Standards and a Theory of Writing as Infrastructure“. Written Communication 37, Nr. 3 (15.05.2020): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088320916553.
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Infrastructures support and shape our social world, but they do so in often invisible ways. In few cases is that truer than with various documents that serve infrastructural functions. This article takes one type of those documents—technical standards—and uses analysis of one specific standard to develop theory related to the infrastructural function of writing. The author specifically analyzes one of the major infrastructures of the Internet of Things—the 126-page Tag Data Standard (TDS)—to show how rethinking writing as infrastructure can be valuable for multiple conversations occurring with writing studies, including research on material rhetoric, research that expands the scope of what should be studied as writing, and research in writing studies that links with emerging fields. The author concludes by developing a model for future research on the infrastructural functions of writing.
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Monstadt, Jochen, und Olivier Coutard. „Cities in an era of interfacing infrastructures: Politics and spatialities of the urban nexus“. Urban Studies 56, Nr. 11 (29.04.2019): 2191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019833907.
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Over the last few years, nexus-thinking has become a buzzword in urban research and practice. This also applies to recent claims of greater integration or coordination of urban infrastructures that have traditionally been managed separately and have been unbundled. The idea is to better address their growing sociotechnical complexity, their externalities and their operation within an urban system of systems. This article introduces a collection of case studies aimed at critically appraising how concepts of nexus and infrastructure integration have become guiding visions for the development of green, resilient or smart cities. It assesses how concepts of nexus and calls for higher interconnectivity and ‘co-management’ within and across infrastructure domains often forestall more politically informed discussions and downplay potential risks and institutional restrictions. Based on an urban political and sociotechnical approach, the introduction to this special issue centres around four major research gaps: 1) the tensions between calls for infrastructure re-bundling and the urban trends and realities driven by infrastructure restructuring since the 1990s; 2) the existing boundary work in cities and urban stakeholders’ practices in bringing fragmented urban infrastructures together; 3) the politics involved in infrastructural and urban change and in aligning urban infrastructures that often defy managerial rhetoric of resource efficiency, smartness and resilience; and 4) the spatialities at play in infrastructural reconfigurations that selectively promote specific spaces and scales of metabolic autonomy, system operation (and failure), networked interconnectivities and system regulation. We conclude by outlining directions for future research.
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Frenopoulo, Christian. „Underlying premises in medical mission trips for Madiha (Kulina) Indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon“. Aporia 13, Nr. 1 (21.01.2021): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/aporia.v13i1.5284.
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This article proposes two premises that underlie biomedical health care delivery provided through medical missions to Madiha (Kulina) Indigenous Amazonian people living in forest villages. First, that health care is implemented through a set of detached transferable goods and services. Second, that health is a condition that requires the importation of knowledge and resources. The premises were induced through qualitative research on the Brazilian government’s medical missions that provide biomedical care to Madiha (Kulina) in the southwestern Amazon as part of the national health care system. Despite policy rhetoric, delivery practices disregard embedding health and health care in local infrastructure and cultural conditions. There is little or no collaboration with Indigenous healers, capacity building of the local (Indigenous) health care system, education of resident lay health monitors, or extensive and lasting infrastructural development. The article recommends reorientation of delivery to prioritize local health care infrastructure development.
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Shelton, Kyle. „Building a Better Houston: Highways, Neighborhoods, and Infrastructural Citizenship in the 1970s“. Journal of Urban History 43, Nr. 3 (15.10.2015): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144215611095.
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This article examines how residents from two disparate, central Houston, Texas, neighborhoods—the white and wealthy Courtlandt Place and the predominately black, mostly lower-class Third Ward—responded to disruptive physical changes caused by highway building in the 1960s and 1970s. To resist highway construction and its aftereffects, residents from both communities embraced a rhetoric and set of actions that turned their homes and streets into political tools. By transforming elements of the built environment from inert materials into arenas in which they could claim and assert political power, the Houstonians examined here crafted a shared set of actions this article frames as expressions of “infrastructural citizenship.” While imbalances in racial and economic power shaped the outcomes of these two fights, the common language and action residents found in infrastructural citizenship allowed them to protect their visions of the city and to participate in the planning of its future.
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Lennon, Myles. „Postcarbon Amnesia: Toward a Recognition of Racial Grief in Renewable Energy Futures“. Science, Technology, & Human Values 45, Nr. 5 (22.01.2020): 934–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243919900556.
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Climate justice activists envision a “postcarbon” future that not only transforms energy infrastructures but also redresses the fossil fuel economy’s long-standing racial inequalities. Yet this anti-racist rebranding of the “zero emissions” telos does not tend to the racial grief that’s foundational to white supremacy. Accordingly, I ask: can we address racial oppression through a “just transition” to a “postcarbon” moment? In response, I connect today’s postcarbon imaginary with yesterday’s postcolonial imaginary. Drawing from research on US-based climate activism, I explore how the utopic rhetoric of a “just transition” is instantiated in practice. I argue that the racialized absences constitutive of what scholars call “postcolonial amnesia” are operative in the anti-racist move to a postcarbon moment. This postcarbon imaginary formulates the vulnerability of people of color to biophysical disasters as the raison d’être for infrastructural transformation. This, I argue, has the effect of overlooking the ways in which racial grief inheres in such vulnerability and the capacity of energy infrastructures to uphold racist hierarchies. I situate this “postcarbon amnesia” in Anne Cheng’s framework for differentiating “grief” from “grievance,” calling for renewable energy transitions that move away from enumerative grievances and toward a sobering recognition of racial grief.
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O'Rourke, E. „The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade: Dogmatic Means to a Debatable End“. Water Science and Technology 26, Nr. 7-8 (01.10.1992): 1929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0638.
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The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), has called for a whole new approach to water sector development. The spotlight is on communities - community participation, community management, community financing - and away from national and local government structures. In this paper it is argued that the Decade rhetoric has not created the capacity and infrastructural networks to achieve and sustain its objective of universal water and sanitation coverage. The result is a contradiction between strategy and structures. It is concluded that community participation and community management may be conducive to achieving the Decades target; but are not sustainable alternatives to strong local and national government institutions in the water sector.
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Greene, Samuel A., und Graeme B. Robertson. „Politics, justice and the new Russian strike“. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 43, Nr. 1 (29.10.2009): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.10.009.
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After almost a decade of passivity, Russian workers are once again striking. For the first time since the 1990s, labor unrest has spread across the country, affecting foreign and domestic investors, well-to-do industrial and natural-resource enterprises and infrastructural installations. But unlike in the 1990s, these strikes have accompanied an economic boom, suggesting that patterns of Russian labor unrest are beginning to resemble those in other countries. Analysis of several recent strikes, meanwhile, suggests the early emergence of a new labor proto-movement, characterized by feelings of entitlement and injustice that stem in part from government rhetoric, while pushed into opposition by the state’s refusal to accommodate genuine labor mobilization.
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György V., Imola. „The Myth-Shaping Power of a Past Vision of the Future“. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 5, Nr. 2 (01.07.2014): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2014-0014.
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Abstract The creation of an era itself, as rhetoric of time, creates the otherness from which it builds up its own borders. Thus the creation of an era goes hand in hand with identity formation. The beginning of the 20th century, as the boundary of an era, appears as such a self-reflective moment in the life of Târgu Mureş. The study aims at presenting the social, economic and cultural changes of this period, notably the time when György Bernády was the mayor, the most significant period of urbanization of the town, the moment of the conscious designation of the above mentioned boundary of an era. It makes an attempt to grasp the beginning of the powerful personality cult of the former mayor; it analyzes those strategies of canonization and discourses that have played a key role in the process of the myth-formation of the hero and its time. In this era the process of György Bernády’s raising to the status of a cultural hero took place. The articles, which appeared in the local press, give a clear-cut image about what kind of judgements and appreciations have developed about the city and its councillor, as well as the infrastructural and cultural development
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Wiig, Alan. „Secure the city, revitalize the zone: Smart urbanization in Camden, New Jersey“. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, Nr. 3 (01.12.2017): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417743767.
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“Smart city” agendas of information technology-driven governance are often aligned with neoliberal urban revitalization efforts, including the creation of new districts to attract multinational knowledge and innovation-focused industries. The redevelopment of Camden, New Jersey is typical of this, but exceptional as well. To attract over $2 billion in investment in specific zones, a citywide, multi-instrument surveillance network complemented a technologically-mediated community policing agenda. Camden’s “smart city” effort secured the area, controlling the circulation of residents and their use of the city, prioritizing the flow of capital into spatially-bounded zones. As these “smart” surveillance plans for urban revitalization become more common, critically engaging with the, in Camden’s case, policing and surveillance strategies underlying said zones is necessary to understanding the ongoing, evolving relationship between global enterprise and municipal governance. Over its first five years, the success of the surveillance-driven, community policing strategy in reducing crime was mixed, but it did succeed in shifting the narrative of Camden from disenfranchised to ready for business. Contrasting the reinvestment in premium districts with the installation of a citywide digitized security apparatus presents an opportunity to investigate the spatial, infrastructural, and militaristic context within which the rhetoric of and technologies of the smart city are deployed.
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Yarmak, O. V., A. S. Tsepkova und I. L. Kalinskaya. „Ukrainian Information Flows in the Crimean Internet Segment: Analysis of Online Content and Media Agenda During the Period of 2014-2020“. IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, Nr. 3 (207) (19.10.2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2020-3-36-44.
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The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the activities of the Ukrainian information network in the Crimean Internet segment. In particular, the authors analyze the methods and mechanisms of the work of the Ukrainian authorities with the inhabitants of the peninsula, the results of monitoring the presence of the Ukrainian media agenda in the Crimean Internet space. The relevance of this study is due to a number of factors: political - rejection of the events of the Crimean Spring, the referendum and reunification with Russia both in the international and in the Ukrainian field; economic - a decline in the quality and standard of living of the Ukrainian population with economic stability in Crimea and infrastructural reorganization of the peninsula, the rupture of economic, energy, resource ties between Ukraine and Russia, including Crimea; information and propaganda - the need to implement counter-propaganda measures on the part of Crimea in connection with the strengthening of extremist propaganda aimed at the inhabitants of the peninsula. The results of the study, carried out with the financial support of the RFFR within the framework of the scientific project No. 18-011-00937\20 “Ukrainian information flows in the Crimean segment of social media: risks and technologies for overcoming the negative effects of anti-Russian rhetoric in the online environment”, showed the existing differentiation of online communities in the Crimean Internet segment, the preservation of the negative tone of Ukrainian information flows within the Crimean discourse with the emergence of unifying topics, the structuredness of the media agenda of Ukraine, focused on the inhabitants of Crimea.
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Jensen, Robin E. „Theorizing Chemical Rhetoric: Toward an Articulation of Chemistry as a Public Vocabulary“. Journal of Communication 71, Nr. 3 (24.05.2021): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab011.
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Abstract Chemistry has been a pivotal part of scientific discovery and human life for centuries. This essay argues that chemical terms, tropes, figures, appeals, and narratives serve as powerful rhetorical features of public discourse. From affinities and atoms to dark matter and radioactivity, chemical rhetoric fulfills a central organizing function in contemporary society and shapes how people deliberate and delineate their identities, relationships, and communities. The present research demarcates chemical rhetoric as a form of nonexpert communication, and explicates its association with chemistry’s disciplinary history, as well as with technical chemical language’s grounding in key focal concepts. More specifically, it maps out a framework for defining and theorizing chemical rhetoric through three, interconnected lenses: historical–ecological, conceptual articulation, and vernacular. The overarching goal in this essay is to create an infrastructure for investigating chemistry’s longitudinal circulation and emergence as a shared public vocabulary.
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Oliver, Martin. „Infrastructure and the Post-Truth Era: is Trump Twitter’s Fault?“ Postdigital Science and Education 2, Nr. 1 (01.10.2019): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42438-019-00073-8.
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Abstract This paper explores the relationship between social media and political rhetoric. Social media platforms are frequently discussed in relation to ‘post-truth’ politics, but it is less clear exactly what their role is in these developments. Specifically, this paper focuses on Twitter as a case, exploring the kinds of rhetoric encouraged or discouraged on this platform. To do this, I will draw on work from infrastructure studies, an area of Science and Technology Studies; and in particular, on Ford and Wajcman’s analysis of the relationships between infrastructure, knowledge claims and politics on Wikipedia. This theoretical analysis will be supplemented with evidence from previous studies and in the public domain, to illustrate the points made. This analysis echoes wider doubts about the credibility of technologically deterministic accounts of technology’s relationship with society, but suggests however that while Twitter may not be the cause of shifts in public discourse, it is implicated in them, in that it both creates new norms for discourse and enables new forms of power and inequality to operate.
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McShane, Ian, Chris Wilson und Denise Meredyth. „Broadband as Civic Infrastructure: The Australian Case“. Media International Australia 151, Nr. 1 (Mai 2014): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100117.
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Australian municipal governments have lagged behind many of their international counterparts in local public broadband provision. However, by 2014 there are signs that the gap is closing, with significant new investment in public wi-fi by city governments across Australia. This article contextualises the current interest in public wi-fi by analysing international developments in municipal broadband and the spasmodic involvement of Australian local authorities in this field. We argue that the rhetoric of broadband as a ‘fourth utility’ unduly prioritises the role of higher governments in Australia, constraining a full exploration of how broadband might be imagined as a form of civic infrastructure.
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Bissell, David, und Gillian Fuller. „Material politics of images: Visualising future transport infrastructures“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, Nr. 11 (24.08.2017): 2477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17727538.
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Cities around the world are suffering from mobility infrastructure crises. Governments are responding to these crises through different ‘fixes’. Mobilities researchers have analysed these fixes in terms of who they privilege and who they neglect. Yet little has been said about the actual materials that are used to garner support for these fixes, with analysis often focusing on the symbolic rhetoric of talk and text. This article develops geographical thought about the material agency of images by reflecting on four types of image-object used by WestConnex, a private motorway that is the proposed ‘fix’ to Sydney’s drivetime crisis. It does this to speculate on how different forms of geovisualisation might gain their authority through the material agencies of the images themselves, rather than just being the passive representations of a supposedly dominant power. In doing so, this article develops geographical understandings of the multiple ways that images participate in the production of future infrastructures.
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Clifton, Jennifer, Jordan Loveridge und Elenore Long. „A Constructive Approach to Infrastructure: Infrastructure ‘Breakdowns’ and the Cultivation of Rhetorical Wisdom“. Community Literacy Journal 11, Nr. 1 (2016): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/clj.2016.0011.
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Riveros García, David. „Politics, technology, and accountability: The Transparency Façade of Open Government Data Reforms in Paraguay“. JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 11, Nr. 2 (18.12.2019): 60–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v11i2.537.
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Governments have adopted the rhetoric of promoting transparency, citizen engagement, and accountability through technological innovation. The provision of open government data has been encouraged as a foundational reform in that direction. This study argues that, in Paraguay’s education sector, these reforms were never capable of matching said rhetoric. Using a case study design, the research shows that the stated goals of intuitively simplifying information to facilitate citizen monitoring of funds for education infrastructure were never realistically attempted by the government. It will advocate the relevance of considering the relationship between politics, accountability, and technology to uncover transparency façades.
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Holzberg, Billy. „‘Wir schaffen das’: Hope and hospitality beyond the humanitarian border“. Journal of Sociology 57, Nr. 3 (25.02.2021): 743–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783321991659.
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This article examines how hope for a different culture of hospitality has been articulated during the long summer of migration of 2015 in Germany by juxtaposing Angela Merkel’s ‘Wir schaffen das’ speeches with the cross-border migrant March of Hope. The article suggests that while Merkel’s rhetoric opens the horizon to a more hospitable Europe, her policies of humanitarian securitisation ultimately redistribute hope away from migrants and towards a German nation imagined to be in need of protection from them. Subsequently, the article turns to the March of Hope to see how the gesture of hospitality embedded in Merkel’s rhetoric was reinterpreted and resisted. It shows that cross-border marches reveal affective infrastructures of care and hospitality that extend beyond the humanitarian border enacted by the state. These infrastructures provide the space for intimate negotiations of citizenship in which the relationality of social life is not framed through the racialised emergency logics of biopolitical control.
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WEST, JOEL. „Utopianism and National Competitiveness in Technology Rhetoric: The Case of Japan's Information Infrastructure“. Information Society 12, Nr. 3 (August 1996): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/019722496129459.
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Kim, Claudia Junghyun. „SCOPE MISMATCH: EXPLAINING THE EXPANSION OF ANTI-MILITARY INFRASTRUCTURE-SITING CAMPAIGNS*“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 26, Nr. 1 (01.03.2021): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-26-1-109.
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While scholars agree that frame bridging contributes to movement expansion, this article identifies the underinvestigated concept of frame-movement scope mismatch—the phenomenon where the scope of movement frames and the scope of the movements that employ such frames do not match, such as a movement that adopts internationalist rhetoric yet remains local. This study investigates this mismatch based on cases of anti-U.S. military siting campaigns where similar frame bridging strategies resulted in movements of different scales. Findings show that movement scope expansion depended on the politicization of siting disputes that provided siting opponents with political opportunities for coalition building and qualified the causal influence of frame bridging. Varying external political circumstances, in other words, interacted with the invariant feature of frame bridging to determine frame resonance and coalitional mobilization.
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Chaput und Hanan. „Rhetorical Hegemony: Transactional Ontologies and the Reinvention of Material Infrastructures“. Philosophy & Rhetoric 52, Nr. 4 (2019): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.52.4.0339.
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Hand, Martin, Elizabeth Shove und Dale Southerton. „Explaining Showering: A Discussion of the Material, Conventional, and Temporal Dimensions of Practice“. Sociological Research Online 10, Nr. 2 (Juli 2005): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1100.
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This article considers the increasing popularity of showering in the UK. We use this case as a means of exploring some of the dimensions and dynamics of everyday practice. Drawing upon a range of documentary evidence, we begin by sketching three possible explanations for the current constitution of showering as a private, increasingly resource-intensive routine. We begin by reviewing the changing infrastructural, technological, rhetorical and moral positioning of showering. We then consider how the multiple and contingent constituents of showering are arranged and re-arranged in and through the practice itself. In taking this approach, we address a number of more abstract questions about the relation between practices, technologies and infrastructures and about what these relationships mean for the fixity and fluidity of ordinary routines and for associated patterns of consumption. The result is a method that allows us to analyse the ways in which material cultures and conventions are reproduced and transformed. This has practical implications for those seeking to contain the environmental consequences of resource-intensive practices.
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Martin, Joseph D. „Fundamental Disputations“. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, Nr. 5 (01.11.2015): 703–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.5.703.
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A philosophical debate between particle physicists and solid state physicists roiled as these subdisciplines competed for financial support, social approbation, and intellectual prestige through the second half of the twentieth century. Their disagreement hinged on the nature of fundamental research. The particle physics community adopted a reductionist approach, arguing that the fundamental physical laws were those governing the smallest constituents of matter and energy. Partly in response to this position, solid state physicists developed a range of more permissive perspectives on what type of physics could be fundamental, all of which stressed the importance of higher-level characteristics, maintaining that investigations at many levels of complexity might yield fundamental insight. This paper traces the dispute over fundamentality, which grew both from the specific problems physicists encountered while building their professional infrastructure, and from the demands of funding their research in Cold War America. Through an exploration of how physicists developed philosophical positions within institutional contexts and deployed those positions in their rhetoric, I argue first that professional pressures both motivated and exerted influence over the construction of such views, second that philosophical views had a reciprocal guiding effect on the institutional and professional development of Cold War physics, and third that these views were further bent, blunted, and reshaped when deployed in high-stakes rhetorical discourse. The case studies through which this story unfolds indicate that further attention to such philosophical commitments is warranted when examining the historical development of scientific institutions, communities, and hierarchies.
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Braghieri, Nicola. „Alpi della Svizzera occidentale. La retorica dello «stile contemporaneo alpino» / Alps of western Switzerland. The rhetoric of «contemporary alpine style»“. Regionalità e produzione architettonica contemporanea nelle Alpi, Nr. 1 ns, november 2018 (15.11.2018): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/aa1801h.
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Geographically characterized by three regions with a very different nature that converge on the Lac Léman – Schweizer Alpen, Shweizer Mittelland, Jura suisse or rather mountain chain, lacustrine plain and calcareous barrier – the area of western Switzerland, also from the point of view of its cultural identity, has defined itself through the composition of this contrasting elements. This area cannot be considered entirely alpine then. You can also find quite big linguistics and religious diversities and cultural contrasts between the inhabitants of the countryside and the mountains, politically conservative, and the inhabitants of the cities with a liberal orientation. These differences are the key to understand the dynamics of building development of the region, characterized by the conflict between the idea of progress and that of territory conservation. They reflect on the environmental aspects, tourism promotion and service infrastructures. Since the second half of last century, the industrialization has triggered off the upsetting of the strong local balances, marking the passage from a mainly agricultural and pastoral economy to one of production and services, leaving on the ground hydraulic and infrastructure engineering. Also from the architectural point of view, the panorama seems to change to embrace the brave research of a language of synthesis between the lexical elements of the vernacular tradition and the raw materials of industrial logic. These elements are the background of the contemporary design culture, stuck between a complex management of the territory, the reiteration of formal features, the presence of aesthetic drifts and a harsh dialectics that sometimes mixes up protection with preservation, progress with development, development with abuse.
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Seymour, Mona. „“Support Your Local Invasive Species”: Animal Protection Rhetoric and Nonnative Species“. Society & Animals 21, Nr. 1 (2013): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341269.
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Abstract This article explores protection efforts that have arisen in the New York City metropolitan area around the monk parakeet, a nonnative bird that has achieved a broad distribution outside its native habitat range. In some urban regions in which populations are established, controversy has developed around the parakeets’ use of utility infrastructure and potential impacts on native species and agricultural crops. This case provides an opportunity to explore animal protection rhetoric about nonnative species, an understudied topic, considering the great extent to which species have become established in ecosystems outside their natural ranges and the persistence of public affinity for nonnative plants and wildlife. This article identifies four major frames through which advocates have delivered the birds to public and legal audiences and considers how they have mobilized and handled notions of “nonnative-ness” in their advocacy work.
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Roberts, S. S. „The rhetorical infrastructure of technology transfer as a source for professional growth“. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 38, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/47.372392.
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Pilsch, Andrew. „Events in Flux: Software Architecture, Detractio, and the Rhetorical Infrastructure of Facebook“. Computers and Composition 57 (September 2020): 102584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2020.102584.
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Sant, Stacy-Lynn, und Daniel S. Mason. „Framing Event Legacy in a Prospective Host City: Managing Vancouver’s Olympic Bid“. Journal of Sport Management 29, Nr. 1 (Januar 2015): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2013-0294.
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In preparation for Olympic bids, city officials and event managers often cite event “legacies” and argue that such benefits may be realized for decades. Meanwhile, public support is extremely important when moving forward with a bid; legacy has therefore become a prominent feature in bid committee rhetoric and in the management of event bidding, and how the notion of legacy is managed in the media by bid proponents will be key to a successful bid. This paper explores how legacy was framed in the newspaper media during the Olympic bid in Vancouver, where city officials, local politicians, and members of the bid committee focused their pro-bid arguments around infrastructure, economic, and social legacies. Results show how these legacies entered the bid discourse at various points in the domestic and international bid competitions, as supporters moved away from discussions of new infrastructure development and economic impacts toward intangible event benefits.
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Thomas, A. O., und E. Marandu. „Rhetoric and realities of regional integration: Botswana SME perspectives on Southern African trade“. South African Journal of Business Management 48, Nr. 2 (30.06.2017): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v48i2.30.
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Despite political pronouncements about facilitating development through economic integration of geographic regions in Africa, intra-regional trade remains limited and unbalanced. While tariff barriers have declined within Southern Africa, non-tariff trade barriers to export-import growth persist, impacting on the smaller economies. Utilising interviews with small-to-medium enterprises in land-locked Botswana, this study generated in-depth qualitative data on their experience of barriers to trading regionally. The research found that administrative procedures at the national level, ambiguity of implementation at borders and constraints on logistics constitute their most daunting impediments. Among the key imperatives then for effective regional integration and economic growth among developing countries in Africa and elsewhere are standards harmonization, regulatory streamlining, process transparency and improvement of infrastructure.
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Walwema, Josephine N. „Digital Writing Spaces as Rhetorical Locales of Invention“. International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijopcd.2016010105.
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This article examines the shifting nature of invention with digital infrastructure as a rhetorical locale for composing writing collaboratively. Because composing collaboratively involves inquiry, the article examines the framework for a successful community of inquiry in a digital space already predisposed to engaging interconnected communities, local and global. Thus, the article examines how digital locales of invention, by virtue of their accessible nature, engage wider communities, making composing with and for an active audience possible.
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Lin, Justin Yifu, und Yan Wang. „Development beyond aid: Utilizing comparative advantage in the belt and road initiative to achieve win-win“. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 1, Nr. 2 (08.08.2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v1i2.68.
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Against the backdrop of anti-globalization rhetoric, this paper summarizes our joint book entitled Going Beyond Aid (Lin and Wang 2017) and discusses the prospects for development finance in the broad context of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Based on the New Structural Economics (Lin 2010, 2011), here we focus on China’s demonstrated comparative advantages in infrastructure, e.g. in hydropower, and high-speed railways (HSR). In addition, long term orientation (LTO) and patient capital are latent comparative advantages that many Asian economies possess, and are critical for the Belt and Road Initiative. Only if these comparative advantages are utilized can these economies cooperation potentially to achieve win-win.
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Yang, Hai, und Stephan Keukeleire. „Rhetorical Legitimation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Evidence from Chinese State Media“. Journal of Contemporary China 28, Nr. 120 (21.03.2019): 932–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2019.1594105.
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Sobolewska, Agnieszka, Amy-Louise Byrne, Clare Lynette Harvey, Eileen Willis, Adele Baldwin, Sandy McLellan und David Heard. „Person-centred rhetoric in chronic care: a review of health policies“. Journal of Health Organization and Management 34, Nr. 2 (05.02.2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-04-2019-0078.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explore how the national, state and organisational health policies in Australia support the implementation of person-centred care in managing chronic care conditions.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative content analysis was performed regarding the national, state and organisational Queensland Health policies using Elo and Kyngas' (2008) framework.FindingsAlthough the person-centred care as an approach is well articulated in health policies, there is still no definitive measure or approach to embedding it into operational services. Complex funding structures and competing priorities of the governments and the health organisations carry the risk that person-centred care as an approach gets lost in translation. Three themes emerged: the patient versus the government; health care delivery versus the political agenda; and health care organisational processes versus the patient.Research limitations/implicationsGiven that person-centred care is the recommended approach for responding to chronic health conditions, further empirical research is required to evaluate how programs designed to deliver person-centred care achieve that objective in practice.Practical implicationsThis research highlights the complex environment in which the person-centred approach is implemented. Short-term programmes created specifically to focus on person-centred care require the right organisational infrastructure, support and direction. This review demonstrates the need for alignment of policies related to chronic disease management at the broader organisational level.Originality/valueGiven the introduction of the nurse navigator program to take up a person-centred care approach, the review of the recent policies was undertaken to understand how they support this initiative.
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Batel, Susana, und Patrick Devine-Wright. „Using NIMBY rhetoric as a political resource to negotiate responses to local energy infrastructure: a power line case study“. Local Environment 25, Nr. 5 (28.03.2020): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2020.1747413.
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Marshall, William. „LDC Infrastructure Development in the Era of 'Nationalistic Rhetoric': Do International Investments Agreements Still Mitigate Sovereign Risk and If Not, Does It Matter?“ Journal of Politics and Law 11, Nr. 4 (30.11.2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n4p62.
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Less Developed Countries (LDCs) provide enormous opportunities for companies involved in the development of infrastructure. LDCs couple significant need with often insufficient 'in country' capability or expertise, meaning that foreign companies willing to expand operations into LDCs can find interesting and profitable opportunities. International infrastructure development naturally brings with it the sovereign risks associated with contracting with the government of a LDC. During the last thirty years, governments of LDCs have actively sought the execution of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) with other nations in an attempt to mitigate the appearance of sovereign risk and encourage greater international investment. This has included encouraging foreign companies in the delivery of infrastructure projects.
In the last five years, however, worldwide political support for IIAs seems to be waning, as nationalism and populism threatens to replace globalism and multiculturalism as the dominant economic and political theories in the USA, Europe and Great Britain. In a global political landscape dominated by nationalistic rhetoric, we are unlikely to see continued popular support for the protection of foreign companies against national interests by way of IIAs. We are likely to see not only fewer new IIAs, but conceivably governments revoking their agreement to existing IIAs coupled with waning support for ICSID arbitrations. The author submits, however, that there will not necessarily be a marked increase in sovereign risk as a direct result, and that LDCs will continue to provide worthwhile markets and opportunities for infrastructure development.
The author submits that IIAs never in any event provided complete protection, and that protection against sovereign risk remains available through the underlying contract and in many cases, through political risk insurance. Further, international participants should look at projects with shorter timeframes to secure the return on investment, and avoiding taking sole risk on project by operating in joint ventures.
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Breen, Sheryl D. „The Mixed Political Blessing of Campus Sustainability“. PS: Political Science & Politics 43, Nr. 04 (Oktober 2010): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510001022.
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AbstractThe rise of sustainability rhetoric, curriculum, infrastructure, and marketing on college campuses is a mixed blessing. On the one hand, college presidents are pledging to eliminate their campuses' global warming emissions; colleges and universities are building wind turbines, composters, and green buildings; and sustainability coordinators are the latest surge in new staff hires. However, the greening of college campuses has a less welcome side as well, and examination of the campus sustainability movement suggests an unsettling lack of theoretical and ideological analysis. In this article, I praise what is being done well, identify the political analysis that has been avoided, and provide arguments for what has yet to be addressed. I argue that the trend toward campus sustainability, while praiseworthy in some significant ways, has left some troubling theoretical assumptions largely undisturbed.
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Mansell, Paul, Simon P. Philbin und Tim Broyd. „Development of a New Business Model to Measure Organizational and Project-Level SDG Impact—Case Study of a Water Utility Company“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 16 (10.08.2020): 6413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166413.
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Achievement of the United Nations’ 2030 Global Goals for Sustainability is of paramount importance. However, for engineers and project managers to take meaningful action, they need the practical tools, processes and leadership to turn grand rhetoric into viable engineering solutions. Linking infrastructure project sustainability performance to sustainable development goals (SDG) targets is problematic. This article builds on the previous development of an innovative infrastructure business model, called the “Infrastructure SDG Impact-Value Chain” (IVC) to link local-level project delivery with global-level SDG impacts. It uses a case study of a water utility company to demonstrate how the IVC business model can integrate the “triple bottom line” to ensure the balanced definition of success across economic, environmental and social thematic areas. The results led to a proposed methodology for business leaders to align stakeholders on a common definition of project success during the design phase. The study includes the selection of longer-term outcomes and strategic SDG impacts, which, it is suggested, are improved definitions of project success. Although the findings that are from a single case study cannot automatically be extended to the entire water industry, the study’s methodology has potential to be used to evaluate multiple projects across different sectors. The practical application is significant since it offers the flexibility to be used at both project and portfolio levels, thereby linking tactical delivery to organisational SDG impacts and leading to improved investment decisions with increased likelihood of success in achieving the SDG 2030 targets.
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Biggs, David. „Problematic Progress: Reading Environmental and Social Change in the Mekong Delta“. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 2003): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463403000055.
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Colonial engineers and administrators often referred to the pre-colonial Mekong Delta landscape as a vast solitude yet to be reorganised through their hydraulic technology. However, the environmental history of the Delta's waterways is more complex, suggesting that colonial projects were to some extent embedded within an existing infrastructure. This problematises the rhetorical concept of Progress within a colonial context and its value as a metaphor to understand human changes to the landscape.
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SNELL, KAROLIINA. „Health as the Moral Principle of Post-Genomic Society: Data-Driven Arguments Against Privacy and Autonomy“. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28, Nr. 02 (April 2019): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180119000057.
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Abstract:In Finland, as well as all over the globe, great weight is put on the possibilities of large data collections and ‘big data’ for generating economic growth, enhancing medical research, and boosting health and wellbeing in totally new ways. This massive data gathering and usage is justified by the moral principle of improving health. The imperative of health thus legitimizes data collection, new infrastructures and innovation policy. It is also supported by the rhetoric of health promotion. New arrangements in health research and innovations in the health sector are justified, as they produce health, while the moral principle of health also obligates individual persons to pursue healthy lifestyles and become healthy citizens. I examine how, in this context of Finnish data-driven medicine, arguments related to privacy and autonomy become silenced when contrasted with the moral principle of health.
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Flew, Terry. „The Goldsworthy Report: Credibility and Australian Information Policy“. Media International Australia 87, Nr. 1 (Mai 1998): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808700105.
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Recent Australian federal government statements on information policy can be seen as manifesting a tension, and possibility a deeper crisis of credibility. On the one hand, the rhetoric of global neo-liberalism emphasises the ‘ungovernability’ of the global information infrastructure and the need to forsake interventionist approaches by nation-states. On the other, documents such as the Goldsworthy Report promote a supply-side economic nationalism, premised upon incentives to encourage new investment in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. It is argued that national initiatives are important in a global information economy, but that the Goldsworthy Report's approach is flawed by its neglect of issues of consumer demand and equitable access. Consideration of these issues points to a need for a different vision of information policy, which stresses its social, cultural and community development aspect as well as economic outcomes.
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Hilbers, Anne Marel, Frans Sijtsma, Tim Busscher und Jos Arts. „Understanding Added Value in Integrated Transport Planning: Exploring the Framework of Intelligence, Design and Choice“. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 21, Nr. 03 (September 2019): 1950011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s146433321950011x.
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Transport infrastructure projects have become more integrated in nature. An important driver of the ambition to approach space in a more integrated manner is the idea that doing so will generate added value. However, in transport infrastructure planning practice, the argument to adopt integrated planning approaches seems to be mainly rhetorical in nature. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about the notion of added value through integrated planning by developing an analytical evaluation framework. In order to do so, we go back to one of the founding fathers of decision-making sciences and present a conceptual synthesis. We explore this synthesis by conducting a literature review and an illustrative expert session. We conclude with the analytical evaluation framework and elaborate on implications in practice.
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Strauss, Kendra, und Feng Xu. „At the Intersection of Urban and Care Policy: The Invisibility of Eldercare Workers in the Global City“. Critical Sociology 44, Nr. 7-8 (21.03.2018): 1163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920518761535.
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Demographic aging can alter physical and social infrastructures in cities, and reshape the broader dynamic processes that theories of urbanization seek to describe and analyze. We argue that both urban and eldercare policy often render paid reproductive labor and the workers who do it invisible. They are invisiblized in both policy and urban space. A neoliberal bias in urban policies, reconstructed in the rhetoric of global cities/creative cities, denies care needs. Normative approaches exacerbate this issue, as in gendered ideologies of home, care and familial responsibility. These approaches too often detach the delicate social problem of eldercare in itself from its feasibility and desirability as a site for paid labor. In that separation, the paid workforce typically disappears from the spotlight. We use comparative case studies and the concept of territorialization to refocus on the urban context of paid eldercare work in two “aspiring” global cities, Shanghai and Vancouver.
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Traxler, John M. „Learning with Mobiles in Developing Countries“. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 9, Nr. 2 (April 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2017040101.
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In the countries of the global South, the challenges of fixed infrastructure and environment, the apparent universality of mobile hardware, software and network technologies and the rhetoric of the global knowledge economy have slowed or impoverished the development of appropriate theoretical discourses to underpin learning with mobiles. This paper addresses one specific and fundamental component of such discourses, namely the role of language and literacy as they interact with mobile technology. The paper makes three points, that mobile technology is culturally and linguistically specific, not universal or culturally-neutral; that mobile technology does not merely store and transmit language(s) and literacy within communities, it disturbs and transforms them, and that the digital literacy agenda that might underpin learning with mobiles has not yet been developed in relation to mobile technology or in relation to the global South. These are the foundations of understanding learning with mobiles in the global South.
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Deibert, Ronald J., Rafal Rohozinski und Masashi Crete-Nishihata. „Cyclones in cyberspace: Information shaping and denial in the 2008 Russia–Georgia war“. Security Dialogue 43, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010611431079.
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While the rhetoric of cyber war is often exaggerated, there have been recent cases of international conflict in which cyberspace has played a prominent role. In this article, we analyze the impact of cyberspace in the conflict between Russia and Georgia over the disputed territory of South Ossetia in August 2008. We examine the role of strategic communications, information operations, operations in and through cyberspace, and conventional combat to account for the political and military outcomes of the conflict. The August 2008 conflict reveals some emergent issues in cyber warfare that can be generalized for further comparative research: the importance of control over the physical infrastructure of cyberspace, the strategic and tactical importance of information denial, the emergence of cyber-privateering, the unavoidable internationalization of cyber conflicts, and the tendency towards magnifying unanticipated outcomes in cyber conflicts – a phenomenon we call ‘cyclones in cyberspace’.
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Mansell, Paul, Simon P. Philbin und Efrosyni Konstantinou. „Delivering UN Sustainable Development Goals’ Impact on Infrastructure Projects: An Empirical Study of Senior Executives in the UK Construction Sector“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 19 (27.09.2020): 7998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197998.
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Achievement of the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is of paramount importance for both business and society. Across the construction sector, despite evidence that suggests 88% of those surveyed want to measure the SDG impact at both the business and project levels, there continues to be major challenge in achieving this objective. This paper shares the results of a qualitative research study of 40 interviews with executives from the United Kingdom (UK) construction industry. It was supported by a text-based content analysis to strengthen the findings. The results indicate that SDG measurement practices are embraced in principle but are problematic in practice and that rarely does action match rhetoric. While the research was completed in the UK, the findings have broader applicability to other countries since most construction firms have extensive global business footprints. Researchers can use the findings to extend the current understanding of measuring outcomes and impact at project level, and, for practitioners, the study provides insights into the contextual preconditions necessary to achieve the intended outcomes of adopting a mechanism for the measurement of SDGs. The international relevance of this research is inherently linked to the global nature of the SDGs and therefore the results could be used outside of UK.
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Chung, Whan-Sam, und Susumu Tohno. „A Time-Series Energy Input-Output Analysis for Building an Infrastructure for the Energy and Environment Policy in South Korea“. Energy & Environment 20, Nr. 6 (Oktober 2009): 875–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830509789625338.
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From an average annual growth rate point of view, it might be concluded that the government's efforts in reducing Korea's GHG emission have been making progress; the growth rate of South Korea's GHG emission (4.8%) was less than that of its primary energy consumption (6.2%) during 1990–2000. To cope with a more strict protocol worldwide, South Korea should avoid the usual political rhetoric or declaration of principles and it should launch an effective action. Such a transition from a policy perspective would begin by the analysis of the interrelations among economic activities, energy use, and GHG emissions. The application of an input-output approach, which incorporates a material flow analysis, could be a very useful tool for such an analysis. In this study, four sequential 96 × 96 hybrid units energy IO tables from 1985 to 2000 were generated. Using these four sequential matrices, the energy intensities and the GHG emission intensities, caused by energy use, were estimated for each sector. It was revealed that even though the energy consumption and GHG emissions have increased, the intensities have gradually improved in Korea. The estimated values were compared to national statistics and the differences were found to be acceptable. It was found that the energy input-output analysis can supply useful data for energy and environment policy makers. Some recommendations were made to improve this model.
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Kibaroglu, Mustafa. „Good for the Shah, Banned for the Mullahs: The West and Iran's Quest for Nuclear Power“. Middle East Journal 60, Nr. 2 (01.04.2006): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/60.2.11.
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Iran's nuclear program has become a highly controversial issue in international politics since the August 2002 unveiling of the secretly built uranium enrichment facility in Natanz and the heavy-water production plant in Arak. American officials and experts assert that Iran has secret plans to use its nuclear capabilities to develop nuclear weapons. Iranian officials, however, deny such allegations and claim that they will use their capabilities exclusively for peaceful purposes. Notwithstanding the official rhetoric, some Iranian scholars, intellectuals, and even bureaucrats argue that Iran should seriously consider developing nuclear weapons given that they have the necessary skills and capabilities as well as the reasons to do so. The clerical leaders have supposedly not yet decided about weaponizing Iran's nuclear capability. However, the ever-increasing size of Iran's existing nuclear infrastructure, and the achievements of Iranian scientists, who claim to have developed indigenous capabilities, may very well elevate Iran to the status of a nuclear power, even a de facto nuclear-weapons state.
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Joshi, Rutul, und Yogi Joseph. „Invisible Cyclists and Disappearing Cycles“. Transfers 5, Nr. 3 (01.12.2015): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2015.050303.
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Cycles are fast disappearing from the urban landscape, popular culture, and everyday life in India. The marginalization of cycling is seen in the backdrop of an emerging automobile culture linked with rising incomes, post-liberalization and skewed notions of modernity. The continued dominance of motorized modes seeks to claim a larger share of road space mirroring the social power structure. The majority of urban cyclists in India are low-income workers or school-going children. Despite the emergence of a subculture of recreational cycling among higher-income groups, everyday cycling confronts social bias and neglect in urban policies and public projects. The rhetoric of sustainability and equity in the National Urban Transport Policy 2006 and pro-cycling initiatives in “best practice” transit projects are subverted by not building adequate enabling infrastructure. This article presents an overview of contentious issues related to cycling in Indian cities by examining the politics of inclusion and exclusion in urban policies.
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HAEMERS, JELLE, und WOUTER RYCKBOSCH. „A targeted public: public services in fifteenth-century Ghent and Bruges“. Urban History 37, Nr. 2 (06.07.2010): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926810000295.
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ABSTRACT:Though the phrase ‘public services’ is a nineteenth-century invention, which was supported by a developed rhetoric of political economy, this article shows that the concept, practice and supply of such services could also be found in the medieval city. It specifically analyses three areas of urban service provision: jurisprudence and legal security, infrastructure and finally health care and poor relief. Although the available sources tend to stress the involvement of municipal authorities in providing public services, it turns out that in fact the furnishing of services was highly multi-layered. In all three areas studied, a wide range of public and private institutions offered services to specific groups within late medieval urban society. In contrast to what the notion of ‘public services’ lets us presume, however, public services in the medieval city were not available to all inhabitants. Instead, the provision of services was usually quite restrictive, and targeted particular groups in society.
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Hawker, Nancy. „The journey of Arabic human rights testimonies, from witnesses to audiences via Amnesty International“. Translation and Interpreting in Non-Governmental Organisations 7, Nr. 1 (10.08.2018): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.00004.haw.
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Abstract Within the human rights knowledge production infrastructure, information undergoes processes of entextualisation, archiving, publication, and reception. This article examines the place of testimonies – first-person accounts of suffering and/or historic events – in Amnesty International. A network of agents form around testimonies to produce them through translation from the witnesses’ languages – spoken varieties of Arabic – to the language of globalised governance – written English – and to formal written Arabic. The co-construction of meaning, in encounters between human rights researchers and witnesses, is a modern ritual that is entextualised in the genre ‘testimony’; its translations between spoken and written modes, languages and styles, are exercises in persuasive rhetoric aimed at redressing ‘testimonial injustice’. The researchers are not professional translators, yet their unselfconscious translations are constitutive of the knowledge that audiences receive. The data is based on interviews and questionnaires with Amnesty International staff, textual analysis of publications, and on focus groups and surveys.
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Katz, Bruce. „Obama's Metro Presidency“. City & Community 9, Nr. 1 (März 2010): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01311.x.
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Metropolitan areas are the unequivocal engines of the US economy and our prosperity because they spatially concentrate at an unprecedented level the assets that matter, assets like innovation, human capital, and infrastructure. the national government must pursue a Metro Policy to help cities and metropolitan areas leverage these critical assets in the service of productive, sustainable, and inclusive growth. There are early signs that the Obama Administration embraces this new vision of Metro Policy. the President's rhetoric recognizes the critical role cities and metropolitan areas play in the national economy and the need for a new generation of federal policies that leverage this economic primacy. the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and FY 2010 budget invest directly in the assets that drive prosperity. But President Obama inherits a federal government replete with legacy programs, diminished in capacity, and without a coherent federalist philosophy, which will be obstacles for the structural reform necessary for Metro Policy.