Dissertationen zum Thema „Informatique Collaborative et Sociale“
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Ringard, Jeremy. „Un modèle de conception dédié à l'interaction collaborative colocalisée“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWalton, Elizabeth. „Dance style transitions : from dancers' practice to movement-based technology“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesign methodologies for gesture- and movement-based interaction take divergent perspectives, either quantifying movement from an ex-ternal point of view or supporting inner sensation exploration and description. However, professional movers, like dancers, define poses and phrases using both descriptions from choreographers and personal, bodily cues. I argue that dance style transitions offer researchers insights into dancers’ experiences questioning and balancing the externally codified and internally not-possible-to-be-codified parts of their training. After employing qualitative methods, I present the challenges and strategies of the dance style transition and discuss how structu-ring technology around movement substrates could support the mentality change necessary for dancers to access new types of movement. I then describe the ImproviGrid System and discuss how output modality impacts dancer use of cues during improvisation, in order to understand how to design better for movement exploration, a challenge of the dance style transition. I conclude with greater implications of user-designed movement methodologies, reframing them as users creating choreographed gestures rather than researchers eliciting gestures
Hamadache, Kahina. „Collaboration intelligente et transparente. Apports de l'informatique ubiquitaire au travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841484.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrossetti, Quentin. „Système de recommandation sur les plateformes de micro-blogging et bulles filtrantes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS304.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the unprecedented growth of user-generated content produced on microblogging platforms, finding interesting content for a given user has become a major issue. However due to the intrinsic properties of microblogging systems, such as the volumetry, the short lifetime of posts and the sparsity of interactions between users and content, recommender systems cannot rely on traditional methods, such as collaborative filtering matrix factorization. After a thorough study of a large Twitter dataset, we present a propagation model which relies on homophily to propose post recommendations. Our approach relies on the construction of a similarity graph based on retweet behaviors on top of the Twitter graph. We then conduct experiments on our real dataset to demonstrate the quality and scalability of our method. Finally, we investigate community detection algorithms and we present a metric to compute the strength of the filter bubble. Our results show that filter bubble effects are in fact limited for a majority of users. We find that, counter-intuitively, in most cases recommender systems tend to open users perspectives. However, for some specific users, the bubble effect is noticeable and we propose a model relying on communities to provide a list of recommendations closer to the user’s usage of the platform
Horman, Judith. „Une exploration de l'interaction sociale en ligne lors de la réalisation d'activités d'apprentissage collaboratif dans deux espaces interactifs : un site internet et des wikis“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22468/22468.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis qualitative research study explores online social interaction in the context of an undergraduate university course. Eight students were interviewed. Their testimonies were analysed from five criticals incidents : the difficulty to get peers’ collaboration ; the difficulty to understand expectations associated with the tasks to be performed ; the difficulty to co-construct a text while using a wiki (an Internet technology) ; the obligation to give a feedback on peers’ productions and the textual form of this feedback. The results are compared to a review of the literature according to three perspectives of online social interaction associated with collaborative learning tasks : 1) studies on obstacles to participation ; 2) studies on limits associated with computer mediated communication (CMC) ; studies on virtual teams performances. This study highlights the presence of relational stakes of reciprocity and trust among peers that could be increased by CMC. From the limits of the present study we suggest a few questions for futures investigations.
Leprovost, Damien. „Découverte et analyse des communautés implicites par une approche sémantique en ligne : l'outil WebTribe“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866489.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSadorge, Frédéric. „Planification sociale, "culture informatique" et micro-ordinateur“. Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBorn in the late 70's, the "computer literacy" field is at the intersection of public policies for the society computerization and micro-computer know-how transfer, as well in a formal as in an informal educational context. A survey led in an association's network, reveals the hidden stakes (professionalism, recognition) of their contribution to the social promotion of computer science. It shows the relative failure of the attemps to materialize the assigned objectives: the diffusion of this new "culture", by mean of educational intervention
Le, Crosnier Hervé. „Réseau, bibliothèques et documents numériques : architecture informatique et construction sociale“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAvec le développement accéléré du numérique et des réseaux, nous sommes les témoins d'un basculement fantastique des activités humaines, qui porte sur l'expression de la culture et de la communication, la transformation des processus industriels, les relations inter-personnelles, les activités de travail et de loisir des individus, les conditions d'exercice de la démocratie.
En moins d'une vingtaine d'années, le nombre et la puissance des ordinateurs mis dans les mains des individus a explosé, offrant aux personnes et aux groupes une capacité de traitement inimaginable auparavant. Leur couplage avec l'interconnexion des réseaux a bousculé la donne culturelle, relationnelle, économique, politique, géopolitique, éducative, sociale, médiatique....
La maîtrise de techniques symboliques (traitement d'images, stockage de fichiers numériques, usage du réseau comme ressource d'information, recherche documentaire, transcodage de la musique, écriture et publication personnelle) s'est répandue comme une traînée de poudre dans le monde entier.
Les tranches d'âge concernées se sont élargies en quelques années. La jeunesse et plus encore l'adolescence faisant un large usage des médiations techniques dans sa sociabilité et son apprentissage personnel. Le troisième âge découvre avec intérêt les techniques numériques, de l'appareil photo au mail, qui les gardent en contact avec leur descendance. Les différences d'usage entre les sexes se réduisent, et le travail des groupes de femmes pour utiliser la technologie comme un outil d'égalité et de libération porte des fruits dans tous les types de communautés, notamment dans les pays en développement.
Les divers réseaux et pratiques immatérielles convergent de plus en plus vite vers un réseau ubiquitaire, mêlant intimement les activités de communication, de production symbolique (culture, connaissance et divertissement) et de diffusion. Les terminaux se diversifient, se font mobiles (baladeurs, ordinateurs portables, PDA, téléphones mobiles nouvelle génération...) et s'incrustent dans toutes les activités (travail, culture, loisir, vie quotidienne).
Les principes d'individualité, de vie privée, d'autonomie et même de citoyenneté ne sont plus des qualités intrinsèques aux personnes, mais ressortent de l'émergence de " technologies de la personnalité " et de systèmes d'exposition et de gestion de la personnalité (réseaux sociaux, systèmes d'identification, auto-publication, partage d'environnements culturels ou de jeux, mondes virtuels...).
Le " système nerveux " de l'économie mondiale repose sur ces échanges immatériels accrus, sur les formes nouvelles de production qu'ils permettent, et sur la valorisation et la monétarisation des activités de connaissance, de communication, d'éducation et d'échange. Ces événements technologiques accompagnent et rendent possibles, ou imaginables, d'autres bouleversements dans l'organisation du monde, souvent regroupés sous le terme de " mondialisation " d'une part et de " société de l'information " de l'autre.
Ces bouleversements massifs et en profondeur méritent une attention particulière de la recherche, afin d'analyser ce phénomène au moment même de son bouillonnement, et d'en dégager des principes, des concepts et des grilles d'analyse qui permettent :
- de proposer de nouvelles applications, protocoles et architectures, d'une part pour les sciences de l'ingénieur ;
- de replacer les pratiques sociales, économiques et culturelles qui se cristallisent et se recomposent dans le réseau et le numérique, au sein du fil global de l'histoire et des données de long terme ;
- de repérer les fractures qui se constituent, afin que les sciences humaines et sociales puissent jouer un rôle éclairant pour les citoyens et les acteurs politiques et économiques.
[...] et les derniers mots de la conclusion
Les questions du domaine public et des biens communs de l'information, parce qu'elles permettent d'imaginer une société dans laquelle la transmission et le partage des connaissances serait un moment essentiel de la socialisation et de la vie collective me semblent des questions centrales, qu'il faut encore polir et repolir sur le métier de la recherche sur le document numérique et les réseaux.
Le numérique nous apporte des promesses inégalées de coopération et d'extension de la culture et de la connaissance. Comment permettre à tous les habitants de la planète d'en profiter ? Quels verrous faut ils ouvrir ? Quels ressorts de rêve et d'utopie peuvent être remontés pour que se libère une énergie libératrice ? Comment les réflexions techniques peuvent-elles accompagner un projet social mondial ?
Le chercheur, l'intellectuel et le citoyen sont convoqués pour travailler la compréhension de cet univers du numérique qui irrigue et transforme si profondément nos sociétés. Et faire coopérer les solutions techniques, juridiques, sociales et organisationnelles pour ouvrir des espaces publics mondiaux nouveaux. Ici et maintenant.
Delille, Pascale. „Communication et Economie sociale et solidaire : Identification des problèmes et des solutions“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe following research work on Information and Communication Sciences, focuses on a fieldunderstudied by this scientific discipline, the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE). It aims to identifyon one hand the communication issues among the SSE stakeholders, and to explore their relatedsolutions on the other hand. This analysis has been first based on a theoretical framework articulatingthe work of Morin, Habermas, Ostrom, and Laville. Then, three methods have then been successivelyemployed: a participative observation during an international workshop treating of all aspects of SSEcommunication; a series of semi-directive interviews with various key actors (from the solidarityinitiatives, some journalists, administrative heads, etc.), and finally an enlarged case study conductedwithin the European Parliament. This methodology allowed us to determine the recurrentcommunication issues encountered within the SSE (difficult access to its terminology, unclearheterogeneity, low-developed transversality, etc.) as well as to assess how different innovativeeconomical practices (such as PTCE, recovered enterprises, SCIC, etc.) could potentially overcomethese challenges. In conclusion, it appears from this work that the practices linked to the collaborativeeconomy, which are historically rooted within SSE, can bring an effective solution on thecommunicative level. Furthermore, and according to the new Ostrom reading greed related to thecommon goods governance, the SSE seems to be able to ensure the sustainable development of this newform of economy
Delille, Pascale. „Communication et Economie sociale et solidaire : Identification des problèmes et des solutions“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe following research work on Information and Communication Sciences, focuses on a fieldunderstudied by this scientific discipline, the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE). It aims to identifyon one hand the communication issues among the SSE stakeholders, and to explore their relatedsolutions on the other hand. This analysis has been first based on a theoretical framework articulatingthe work of Morin, Habermas, Ostrom, and Laville. Then, three methods have then been successivelyemployed: a participative observation during an international workshop treating of all aspects of SSEcommunication; a series of semi-directive interviews with various key actors (from the solidarityinitiatives, some journalists, administrative heads, etc.), and finally an enlarged case study conductedwithin the European Parliament. This methodology allowed us to determine the recurrentcommunication issues encountered within the SSE (difficult access to its terminology, unclearheterogeneity, low-developed transversality, etc.) as well as to assess how different innovativeeconomical practices (such as PTCE, recovered enterprises, SCIC, etc.) could potentially overcomethese challenges. In conclusion, it appears from this work that the practices linked to the collaborativeeconomy, which are historically rooted within SSE, can bring an effective solution on thecommunicative level. Furthermore, and according to the new Ostrom reading greed related to thecommon goods governance, the SSE seems to be able to ensure the sustainable development of this newform of economy
Durampart, Michel. „Régulation et médiation organisationnelles : le réseau local, enjeu d'une médiation sociale et technique dans une organisation sanitaire et sociale“. Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRingard, Jérémy. „Un modèle de conception dédié à l’interaction collaborative colocalisée“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10054/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerforming a large scale job always involves some teamwork. Therefore, for several years, there has been a growing need regarding computer assistance for this kind of collaborative task. The most complete solutions existing today are collaborative virtual environments (CVE). However, the use of these tools is still uncommon because of the "distant" aspect of the collaboration in CVEs: In a real use case, co-workers are mostly located in the same place. Such a situation is called "colocation". Therefore, large companies choose another working method called "war room": a physical space allowing simultaneous and non-linear work using multiple working surfaces. This thesis aims at providing a hardware and software platform dedicated to collocated collaboration and focused on project review activities. After having analyzed the notion of space, and observed socio-cognitive behavior of collocated coworkers, we present a computer-aided platform inspired from war rooms. This work emphasizes on the users' competence diversity by implementing a paradigm called "channels". These channels offer multiple heterogeneous representations of virtual objects in the war room. This work is completed by the definition of a method for changing a classical CVE platform (SPIN|3D) into a computer-supported war room. This transformation involves notably the insertion of several abstraction levels for data; thanks to software architecture we call MnVO. The resulting platform is finally used for two prototypes: The first one provides distributed collaboration activity upon a virtual vehicle. The second one relies on the channels technology and provides an urbanism project review scenario
Humbert, Jean-Philippe. „Les mondes de la cyberdélinquance et images sociales du pirate informatique“. Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ003L/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe cyberdelinquency constitutes an inseparable phenomenon from the numerical world, since the first hackers seeking comprehension of the innovating mechanisms of communication, to the recent computer pirates being posed as true criminals. The evolution and the current state of this phenomenon determine a true questioning on the social reality of the computer pirate responsible for the facts of cyberdelinquency. Indeed how to arrest it and attain knowledge ? To clear the keys of it of understanding, these questionings are approached by the qualitative study of this social actor responsible for acts of computer spitefulness. This research carries specifically the identification of the building processes of the social signification of the computer pirate. We'll answer mainly this question : can we speak, not of a normalized social picture, but rather the existence of several social pictures ? To allow an understanding study, the object will be declined via the reference frame of the concept of "social world". The analysis concerns firstly the social perception of cyberdelinquency, by determining its constructed picture. A second instant is dedicated to the communicative approach of this social context of the cyberdelinquency, declining the media picture predominant as for the signification of the computer pirate. Finally, to anticipate social perception in building of the computer pirate, a last party dedicates itself to a possible integrated approach of social pictures of the computer pirate, via different social worlds of the cyberdelinquency. These three keys of understanding aim at determine the phenomenon of cyberdelinquency better and his main actors, in building socially, across an intercultural dimension
Alshattnawi, Sawsan Molli Pascal Canals Gérôme. „Concurrence et conscience de groupe dans l'édition collaborative sur réseaux pair à pair“. S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0073_ALSHATTNAWI.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDyke, Grégory. „Un modèle pour la gestion et la capitalisation d'analyses de traces d'activités en interaction collaborative“. Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/79/59/84/PDF/2009_Dyke_Gregory.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe present our three main results in adressing the problem of assisting the socio-cognitive analysis of human interaction. First, we propose a description of the process of analysis of such data, as well as a generic artefact which covers a large number of the analytic artefacts we have observed and which we call a replayable. Second, we present a study and a modelling of replayables, and describe the four fundamental operations which can be applied to them: synchronisation, visualisation, transformation and enrichment. Finally, we describe the implementation of this model in an environment that assists analysis through the manipulation of replayables, which we evaluate in real-life research situations. Tatiana (http://code. Google. Com/p/tatiana), the resulting software environment, is based on these four operations and integrates numerous possibilities for extending these operations to adapt to new kinds of analysis while staying within the analytic framework afforded by replayables
Kabil, Alexandre. „CyberCOP 3D : visualisation 3D interactive et collaborative de l'état de sécurité d'un système informatique“. Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis was to study the use of Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVE) for the analysis of the state of security of computer systems, also called Cyber Situational Awareness (CSA). After studying CSA’s models and tools, we have had the opportunity to visit the Security Operations Centers (SOCs) of four industrial partners of the CyberCNI chair, in order to better understand the needs and expectations of cyber analysts. These visits were made as part of a collaborative activity analysis protocol and have allowed us to propose a model, the 3D Cyber-COP. Based on this model and a model of the WannaCry ransomware, we have developed a CVE and a simplified scenario engine that allows users to design their own alert analysis scenarios. We have also performed a usability evaluation of a virtual environment for alert analysis, with a panel of novice users
Girardot, Jean-Jacques. „Problematique des determinations et de la logique economiques de la diffusion sociale des technologies informatiques“. Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO22010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe traditional conception of technical progress as autonomous from and external to social relations, and leading to social transformation, does not include the diversification of new information technologies or their development into many new areas, notably economics. The social penetration of information technologies takes place within the general framework of capital accumulation. Urged on by the prospect of increased profits, mechanisation, division of conception and execution tasks, and finally the technological revolution itself are in line with the trends set into motion, within the capitalist system production, not by technological change but by the development of working methods in industry: concentration, underqualified staff, increased productivity as well as centralised control ans organisation. The development of information technologies in industry relies on the increased awareness of the need for better information within the system of production, which has resulted in an increased proportion of clerical workers in organisation units, whereas mechanisation has been slowed down by the problem of controlling information. As the information systems have more and more resources at their disposal, the spreading of information technologies into society goes through a succession of three phases. Information systems are first adopted more and more widely as collective
Nguyen, Stéphanie. „Les services collaboratifs : définition et étude de deux spécificités, l'interchangeabilité des pairs et le contournement de la plateforme“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/201124_NGUYEN_961re891sguj454cw388esqaz_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation starts with an analysis of the fast-growing body of literature on the sharing economy and collaborative consumption. In that analysis, we leverage insights from both a conceptual review and a systematic analysis based on bibliometric methods. Focusing on the distinctiveness and innovativeness of collaborative services, we then investigate the consequences of their unique characteristics on peer (dis)engagement mechanisms. Drawing on the construal level theory, we first examine the role of interchangeability between users and providers. Our study (N=222) shows the influence of interchangeability on trust and, in turn, on intention to participate, through the full mediation of social proximity. Using a mixed-methods approach, we next explore users’ bypass practices, where peers skip the platform’s intermediation stage and finalize the exchange directly with each other. We first propose a typology of participants’ bypass behaviors. Based on our findings, we identify the factors influencing users’ bypass intention, we then present and test our empirical model. The results of a study based on accommodation-rental (N=311) and ride-sharing (N=242) participants show the positive and negative influences of perceived bypass playfulness and perceived bypass risks, respectively. However, the influence of bypass economic benefits is not significant, except for accommodation-rental users in non-exclusive relationships with platforms. This research contributes to both the services marketing and the consumer behavior literature, by questioning the expanding role of today’s digital users and consumers
Foltête, Jean-Christophe. „Production sociale et dimension visible du paysage : analyse géographique“. Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA1001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA theoretical analysis of the production of landscape led us to tackle two questions related to land use: social production and visible dimension. We used socio-economic data produced by general census and corine land cover concurrently. The process, which is based on statistical modeling, was applied principally to the french department of Doubs, and then extended to the departments of Jura and Lozère. In an initial phase, land use is considered within the communal zoning. Different experiments show a strong correlation with social data, linked primarily to the distance from urban centers and to the altitude. The substitution of corine land cover by satellite data produced similar results. Mesological parameters did not improve the prediction of landscape types. In a second phase, land use is at the origin of a simulation of visible landscape from each point of the image, in combination with a digital elevation model. A number of spatial parameters, calculated over neighborhood variables, are compared to visual data ; they allow to recognize the most characteristic landscape types. The integration of visual data within communal zoning data allows to identify discrepancies between social, spatial and visible gradients which are determined from the urban centers all the way to rural areas. Finally, the measurement of the relationship between social and landscape data in the Jura as well as the correlation of spatial and visual data in the Lozère shows similar results, which validates the results obtained for the Doubs. In the region of Besançon (capital of the Doubs), a diachronic approach gives an improved perception of the social production
Taniguchi, Yoko. „Les enjeux de gouvernance territoriale face à l'innovation sociale et numérique : les exemples de Brest et de Lille“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile the efficiency of exogenous territorial development is questioned, territorial social innovation has become a rising issue both for researchers and professionals in the field of territorial development. From our point of view, territorial social innovation can be understood as a transformation of territorial governance in favor of citizen initiatives. Though most examples of territorial social innovation occur spontaneously, our concern is to model the innovation process and establish a methodology for territorial transformation in order to make happen this innovation. Our thesis was prepared at the consultancy agency “Le Cinquième Pôle” within the CIFRE industrial research agreement, and aims at elaborating strategies and instruments for territorial innovation. It studies territorial social innovation process and evaluate the potentials of social web for the territorial transformation. Collective action being one of the most important levers for theses transformations, our thesis analyzed the roles of social web in enhancing communities of citizen initiatives leaders and actors at local level. In particular, two cases were studied: Catalyst collective and Brest municipality’s digital strategy. A number of advantages of social web were found, for example, in maintaining weak ties, in sharing resources, in raising awareness and educating actors, in co-creating knowledge etc. However challenges remain, notably the uneasiness of using collaborative Internet devices and the lack of practice in sharing
Zufferey, Eric. „Changer le travail ou changer la société ? : Les hackers entre conformation à l’ordre social et volonté d’innover“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis looks at hacking as source of social change, or even subversion of the social order. Hacking involves self-directed learning and remove social barriers between hobbyists, professionals and activists. Therefore, it raises the hope to renew the access to knowledge and the role of technologies in society. In line with the bourdieusian thought on reproduction of social inequalities, the study analyses how hacking articulate itself with the classical instances of socialization – family, friends, school system, etc. – and how it influences social mobility. By studying Swiss and French hackers, it shows that self-directed learning varies according to social origins and trajectories: it enables upward trajectories when it is combined with the legitimate scientific culture. In this regards, hackers do not escape the weight of social classes’ relations, although they are are willing to transfer their unusual behaviors and thought process across different areas of activities. Workplace is generally their main focus. Along with careerpath, success or failures to innovate in the professionnal sphere are key to understand the hackers’ involvement in leisure activities, associations, or various forms of activism. The participation in the political sphere is limited because hackers usually do not have the proper ressources. By highlighting the complexity of hacking, the thesis proposes a better understanding of its potential societal impacts
Marrero-Rivero, Juan Manuel. „Les rapports musique-technologie en tant qu'agents de transformation esthétique et sociale“. Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082450.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is the social echo attained by the constant relationship sustained between music and technology as well as their real effects on artistic action and craftsmanship which captivated the author's interest and that define and nourish both his observations and reflections, in trying to understand the dimension and importance of the transformation that result from new esthetical and social situations, favored –without a doubt- by the insertion in art of new tools, techniques, methods, and processes which give form to concepts, contexts, demonstrations, products, positions, and propositions, all new
Bonvel, Jean-Christophe. „L'attitude face aux nouvelles technologies : psychologie sociale de la techno-attitude“. Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20952.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this present research is to explain the variations in attitudes facing the ICT (Information and communication technology). First, the variations of this techno-attitude are presented and analysed through a general survey of researches about the attitudes and the representations facing computers of some populations (men vs. Women ; literature stream vs. Science stream). A pattern of analysis of the variations towards the ICT is proposed : the Man implicit theory concept (MIT), the learned helplessness (LH) and the reference point (RP) in the comparison process (CP). A string of experimentations is proposed in order to test the relevance of this pattern of analysis. The general hypothesis that includes those experimentations, holds that the negative attitude facing the ICT (technophobia) is due to some social contexts : the individuals are exposed to some flimsy information, and it can generate resorting to some heurisms, to express an opinion, as far as the ICT are concerned. This hypothesis is partly confirmed by our results. The techno-attitude (TA) is actually based on a comparison process, man/machine, where the MIT intervenes in the case of the negative attitude. In addition, this MIT behaves as an heurism, where the subjects who are in a state of cognitive exhaustion can express an opinion with a certain validity. If the principal aim of this research is the elucidation of technophobia, connecting social integration's with cognitive processes, the point of view developed and the coherence which is introduced between the different studies and the previous disparate observations, allow a reconsideration of the positive attitude, the technophilia, and the rational data processing
Cerratto, Teresa Inés. „Activité collaborative sur réseau : une approche instrumentale de l'écriture en collaboration“. Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA082044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumont, Emmanuel. „Collaboration entre un humain, un robot et un système ambiant pour l’évaluation de comportements“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2484/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo evaluate a human behavior is equivalent to evaluate all the markers translating this behavior (gestures, lyrics interactions, etc.). The observation by a human of certain markers such as facial expressions, prosody or linguistics, requires specialized training. To facilitate the assessment of behavior, scales indicating the observations to be made and the conclusions to be made are used. Thus, automating the evaluation of the behavior amounts to automate the analysis of an environment by means of several sensors, then analyzing the signals obtained in order to extract the markers allowing the deduction of the observed behavior. Due to the variability of human observations in overly specific analyzes, more and more studies are using thes automatic observation and behavioral evaluation systems. The objective is to assist human analysis and evaluation by exploiting automatic systems capable of extracting information that is difficult to observe for humans. As a result, the collaboration between the human and the computer systems makes it possible to analyze more elements of the behavior in a reliable and objective way. This thesis proposes an approach of behavior analysis based on the collaboration between humans and an automatic system. We set up an electronic and computer platform consisting of a mobile robot and an ambient system to evaluate human behavior. This platform is defined as: — Modular to the addition or removal of sensors: The addition and removal of sensors is feasible without a system is impacted otherwise than its performance to accurately recognize behaviors; — Accessible to Reading Recorded Data: The use of ontologies, as a semantic and logical database, makes the platform usable and accessible to people unfamiliar With complex computer systems; — Robust to ambiguities: every platform system (ambient or robot) is independent and has its own representation of the environment. However, they collaborate With each Other to respond to inconsistencies or lack of information during the performance of a task
Dzeakou, Djoum Patricia. „Interface de recherche multicritère dans un contexte collaboratif : application à la construction et à l'utilisation collaborative d'une mémoire documentaire environnementale“. Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDompierre, Christian. „AVATAR : une application de réalité virtuelle utilisable comme nouvel outil de mise en scène collaborative“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24218/24218.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlshattnawi, Sawsan. „Concurrence et Conscience de Groupe dans l'Édition Collaborative sur Réseaux Pair-à-Pair“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrebici, Khadidja. „La Maturité de l'Information et le Processus de Conception Collaborative“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271524.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBen, Amor Iheb. „Gestion de la collaboration et compétition dans le crowdsourcing : une approche avec prise en compte de fuites de données via les réseaux sociaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrowdsourcing is the practice of allowing companies to use human intelligence scale to provide solutions to issues they want to outsource. Outsourced issues are increasingly complex and cannot be resolved individually. We propose in this thesis an approach called SocialCrowd, helping to improve the quality of the results of crowdsourcing. It compromise to collaborate participants to unite solving ability and provide solutions to outsourced problems more and more complex. Collaborative groups are put in competition through attractive remuneration, in order to obtain better resolution. Furthermore, it is necessary to protect the private information of competing groups. We use social media as a support for data leakage. We propose an approach based on Dijkstra algorithm to estimate the propagation probability of private data member in the social network. Given the size of social networks, this computation is complex. Parallelization of computing is proposed according to the MapReduce model. A classification algorithm based on the calculation of propagations in social networks is proposed for grouping participants in collaborative and competitive groups while minimizing data leaks from one group to another. As this classification problem is a combinatorial complexity, we proposed a classification algorithm based on combinatorial optimization algorithms such as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. Given the large number of feasible solutions, an approach based on the model of Soft Constraint Satisfaction Problem (SCSP) is proposed to classify the different solutions
Dyke, Gregory. „Un modèle pour la gestion et la capitalisation d'analyses de traces d'activités en interaction collaborative“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795984.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLung, Tzyy-Jiun. „Les conceptions représentationnelle et présentationnelle de la connaissance et de la mémoire à l'épreuve des langues et des tâches : Traitement et rappel de matériels figuratifs par des Chinois et des Français“. Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCostantini, Hervé. „La mobilité sociale : Modèles et traces“. Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770978.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoulanger, Georges. „L'usage des systemes informatiques dans la performance economique et sociale des organisations : contribution methodologique a l'integration des systemes sociaux et des systemes informatiques“. Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO22028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the use of "computer systems" in economic and social performance of organizations. The aim of this work is, first of all, to show that the mutation of computer sciences structure leads to the behaviours mutation. Faced with the everyday working reality of their department, actors develop some unofficial activities in order to satisfy their own personal objectives and to carry out the work of their department. It also aims at showing the expectations and the distance of persons in charge as well as schemes they might use in order to benefit from technological changes to introduce a new work organization, in which computer scientists unconsciously take part. Overwhelmed by various technical issues and exponential technological evolutions, these are not always aware of the stakes they are raising, and this occured despite of the development of new computer science methods that bring together computers scientists and users, such as prototype or mock-up. Then, this thesis is contribute to bring methodological elements that allow to integrate social systems with computer systems, in order to get software that works perfectly well and, in the same time, satisfi to economic and social performance of the organizations which invest a lot in computing technologies. This work presents two broad directions for demonstration: the analysis of relations and interactions between computer and social systems: the identification of some elements that have been experienced for integrating computer approach with socio-economic approach. One example is call "mafd", which means model of functionning and dysfunctionning activities of inside and outside actors
Warnier, Matthieu. „Gestion des croyances de l'homme et du robot et architecture pour la planification et le contrôle de la tâche collaborative homme-robot“. Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823287.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelmeskine, Rachid. „NICOLAT : un système iNformatIque COmmunautaire et AdapTatif support d'une Communauté de Pratique pour un apprentissage basé sur la résolution de problèmes“. Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this research work, we focused on design and development of an adaptive and mobile community system, called NICOLAT (iNformatIque COmmunautaire mobiLe et AdapTatif). The latter aims to support a Community of Practice (CoP) in which learning is done through community problem solving by providing solutions that limit the factors that can lead to the demotivation of the CoP members.To experiment and validate the solutions we provide through this system, we target the CoP of teachers users of the MAETIC pedagogical method, who can meet, in classroom, problems in the use of it.Thus, our main contributions are summarized in the following points: 1) Establishment of community kernel of the NICOLAT system. The latter is as a social network supporting the community solving of problems, 2) Implementation of problems resolution layer that aims to help the member solve his problem through the exploitation of the history of problems solved in the past. This is to minimize the number of repetitive help requests. The cycle of the CBR (Case-Based Reasoning) was used to guide this process, 3) Establishment of an interactions adaptation layer to support the members' interactions in the interaction tools they prefer or with which they are most familiar. The purpose of this adaptation is, firstly, to exceed the problems of interaction tools manipulation. On the other hand, to enable access to the system in case of mobility and thereby minimize response time, 4) Establishment of a dynamic approach of selection of members who can contribute positively to solve a problem, to whom bring the help requests. The objective is to enable a member seeking to solve his problem to receive a relevant answer
Vidal, Geneviève. „L'appropriation sociale du multimédia de musée : les interactions entre pratiques de musée et de multimédia de musée“. Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081637.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoulier, Laure. „Définition et évaluation de modèles de recherche d’information collaborative basés sur les compétences de domaine et les rôles des utilisateurs“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2735/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research topic of this document deals with a particular setting of information retrieval (IR), referred to as collaborative information retrieval (CIR), in which a set of multiple collaborators share the same information need. Collaboration is particularly used in case of complex tasks in which an individual user may have insufficient knowledge and may benefit from the expertise/knowledge or complementarity of other collaborators. This multi-user context rises several challenges in terms of search interfaces as well as ranking models, since new paradigms must be considered, namely division of labor, sharing of knowledge and awareness. These paradigms aim at avoiding redundancy between collaborators in order to reach a synergic effect within the collaboration process. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature. First, search interfaces have been oriented towards a user mediation in order to support collaborators' actions through information storage or communication tools. Second, more close to our contributions, previous work focus on the information access issue by designing ranking models adapted to collaborative environments dealing with the challenges of (1) personalizing result set to collaborators, (2) favoring the sharing of knowledge, (3) dividing the labor among collaborators and/or (4) considering particular roles of collaborators within the information seeking process. In this thesis, we focus, more particularly, on two main aspects of the collaboration: - The expertise of collaborators by proposing retrieval models adapted to the domain expertise level of collaborators. The expertise levels might be vertical, in the case of domain expert and novice, or horizontal when collaborators have different subdomain expertise. We, therefore, propose two CIR models on two steps including a document relevance scoring with respect to each role and a document allocation to user roles through the Expectation-Maximization (EM) learning method applied on the document relevance scoring in order to assign documents to the most likely suited user. - The complementarity of collaborators throughout the information seeking process by mining their roles on the assumptions that collaborators might be different and complementary in some skills. We propose two algorithms based either on predefined roles or latent roles which (1) learns about the roles of the collaborators using various search-related features for each individual involved in the search session, and (2) adapts the document ranking to the mined roles of collaborators
André, Luc. „Préservation des intentions et maintien de la cohérence des données répliquées en temps réel“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0089/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReal-time collaborative editors, like GoogleDocs or Etherpad, allow the simultaneous edition of a document by several users. These applications need to replicate the edited document, for the so called real-time purpose of permitting a fast and reactive editing by any user at any time. Editing conflicts frequently occur, and must be automatically handled by the application, in order to provide every users with the same copy of the document, containing every modifications issued. Most of current real-time collaborative editing algorithms were designed for simple data structures, like linear text, and simple editing ways, like inserting or removing a character only. These algorithms fail to offer an appropriate editing conflict resolution when used with a complex data structure, like XML, or with complex operations, like moving some text or adding some style. Copies are the sames but users' intentions are not preserved. The goal of this thesis is to design new real-time collaborative editing algorithms that ensure a better preservation of users' intentions. The first contribution of this thesis is an algorithm based on the Operational Transformation approach (OT). Our contribution is designed to handle rich text document (with stylized text and paragraphs) and to preserve the intentions of a set of high editing level operations (add style, merge paragraphs...). The second contribution uses the Commutative Replicated Data Types approach (CRDT), and offers an algorithm which preserves the update intention, while improving global performance of the approach when dealing with large blocs of data
Ben, Amor Iheb. „Gestion de la collaboration et compétition dans le crowdsourcing : une approche avec prise en compte de fuites de données via les réseaux sociaux“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrowdsourcing is the practice of allowing companies to use human intelligence scale to provide solutions to issues they want to outsource. Outsourced issues are increasingly complex and cannot be resolved individually. We propose in this thesis an approach called SocialCrowd, helping to improve the quality of the results of crowdsourcing. It compromise to collaborate participants to unite solving ability and provide solutions to outsourced problems more and more complex. Collaborative groups are put in competition through attractive remuneration, in order to obtain better resolution. Furthermore, it is necessary to protect the private information of competing groups. We use social media as a support for data leakage. We propose an approach based on Dijkstra algorithm to estimate the propagation probability of private data member in the social network. Given the size of social networks, this computation is complex. Parallelization of computing is proposed according to the MapReduce model. A classification algorithm based on the calculation of propagations in social networks is proposed for grouping participants in collaborative and competitive groups while minimizing data leaks from one group to another. As this classification problem is a combinatorial complexity, we proposed a classification algorithm based on combinatorial optimization algorithms such as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. Given the large number of feasible solutions, an approach based on the model of Soft Constraint Satisfaction Problem (SCSP) is proposed to classify the different solutions
Rousseau, Sylvain. „Compression collaborative de rayons de lumière pour le rendu distribué de Monte Carlo et applications“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis takes part in computer graphics. It studies one of its key elements, the unit vectors. We propose a new space of representation for sets of unit vectors and demonstrate its use on different kind of applications. To do so, we adapt the developed algorithms to each specific case.In the first part, we propose a compression algorithm for unorganized unit vectors sets. This method, called "Uniquant" generates coherency and uses it to change the space of representations of the data, in order to compresses collaboratively the vectors. We then use Uniquant in case of application to compress points cloud with orientations. The algorithm is able to compress the normals of the points on-the-fly.In the second part, we propose to compress a key element of the Monte Carlo rendering algorithm: the light ray. This data structure is used in most of the realistic light transport simulations. These simulations builds light paths, represented using 3D polylines that connect the virtual sensor (camera) to the light sources. The compression algorithm is used in the case of network distributed rendering, where a rendering engine that exploits numerous computers over a distant network is used to generate a single image. The hardware used by this kind of engine has become more and more popular over the last decade, especially with projects like SETI@Home, which enable access to a lot of computational power. This kind of hardware could easily be extended to take advantage of the machines in public institutions or in big companies that are typically used less than half of the time. This allows to increase the computational power without any need for new hardware. The method uses the fact that in the case of portal based distributed rendering engine, a lot of rays can be accumulated before being transferred on the network. The direction compression is extended to the ray's origins compression to study the impact of the compression loss of the rendering. We also show that compression can be correlated to the material properties.In the last part, we present QFib, an adaptation of Uniquant applicable to some medical data, which share some of the same mathematical constraints as light paths: brain tractograms in this case. They are often used in neurosciences to visualize the major neuronal influences. They enable neurosurgeons to predict possible effects of certain surgical procedures, and for the researchers to better understand the brain. The usage of this kind of data is difficult due to their large size, making them difficult to process, visualize, store, or even exchange.The introduced algorithm reduces their size by 10 in a few seconds on commonly used datasets. It ensures a loss that is way smaller than the MRI precision
Pasqua, Roberto. „Inférence et modèles de données personnelles : mobilité sociale, proximité spatiale“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30195/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe wide diffusion of smart portable devices allows the collection of a big amount of data concerning the activities of users from mobile apps. We focus our attention on location data, i.e. mobility traces, of a set of users in a crowd. Data collected from these mobile systems are studied following two axies: - Mobility models are used to simulate the behavior of users to develop opportunistic forwarding algorithms. We compare real and synthetic mobility traces to show the distance between the reality and the models. - Information on mobility may endanger the privacy of users. We analyze the impact of such information on privacy of users. The main contributions are: - We analyze the spatial and social properties of human motion from real traces collected by a highly accurate experimental localization system. - We compare the real traces with synthetic mobility traces generated from seven popular mobility models - We provide an inference algorithm based on co-location of users and we show its efficiency on different datasets. - We quantify the effect of probabilistic co-location information by means of a novel co-location attack
Ben, Affana Synda. „Communication et Internet : une étude de cas de l'appropriation sociale d'une technologie“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25556/25556.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMerrad, Walid. „Interfaces tangibles et réalité duale pour la résolution collaborative de problèmes autour de tables interactives distribuées“. Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn everyday life, new interactions are gradually replacing the standard computer keyboardand mouse, by using the human body gestures (hands, fingers, head, etc.) as alternativesof interactions on surfaces and in-air. Another type of interaction resides within the manipulationof everyday objects to interact with digital systems. Interactive tabletops haveemerged as new platforms in several domains, offering better usability and facilitatingmulti-user collaboration, thanks to their large display surface and different interactiontechniques on their surfaces, such as multi-touch and tangible. Therefore, improving interaction(s) on these devices and combining it (respectively them) with other conceptscan prove more useful and helpful in the everyday life of users and designers.The topic of this thesis focuses on studying user interactions on tangible interactivetabletops, in a context of use set in a dual reality environment. Tangible User Interfacesoffer users the possibility to apprehend and grasp the meaning of digital information bymanipulating insightful tangible representations in our physical world. These interactionmetaphors are bridging both environments that constitute the dual reality: the physicalworld and the virtual world.In this perspective, this work presents a theoretical contribution along with itsapplications. We propose to combine tangible interaction on tabletops and dual realityin a conceptual framework, basically intended for application designers, that models andexplains interactions and representations, which operate in dual reality setups. First ofall, we expose various works carried out in the field of tangible interaction in general,then we focus on existing work conducted on tabletops. We also propose to list 112interactive tabletops, classified and characterized by several criteria. Next, we presentthe dual reality concept and its possible application domains. Second, we design ourproposal of the framework, illustrate and explain its composing elements, and how itcan adapt to various situations of dual reality, particularly with interactive tabletopsequipped with RFID technology. Finally, and as application contributions, we show casestudies that we designed based on our proposal, which illustrate implementations ofelements from our proposed framework. Research perspectives are finally highlighted atthe end of the manuscript
Hasson, Cyril. „Modélisation des mécanismes émotionnels pour un robot autonome : perspective développementale et sociale“. Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904481.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLima, Dutra Moisés. „An ontology-based approach to manage conflicts in collaborative design“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10241/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday’s complex design projects require teams of designers to work collaboratively by sharing their respective expertise in order to produce effective design solutions. Due to the increasing need for exchanging knowledge, modern design projects are more structured to work with distributed virtual teams that collaborate over computer networks to achieve overall optimization in design. Nevertheless, in a collaborative design process, the integration of multidisciplinary virtual teams – involving exchange and sharing of knowledge and expertise – frequently and inevitably generates conflicting situations. Different experts’ viewpoints and perspectives, in addition to several ways of communicating and collaborating at the knowledge level, make all this process very hard to manage. In order to achieve an optimal scenario, some problems must first be solved, such as requirement specification and formalization, ontology integration, and conflict detection and resolution. Specifying and formalizing the knowledge demands a great effort towards obtaining representation patterns that aggregate several disjoint knowledge areas. Each expert should express himself so that the others can understand his information correctly. It is necessary, therefore, to use a flexible and sufficiently extensive data representation model to accomplish such a task. Some current models fall short of providing an effective solution to effective knowledge sharing and collaboration on design projects, because they fail to combine the geographical, temporal, and functional design aspects with a flexible and generic knowledge representation model. This work proposes an information model-driven collaborative design architecture that supports synchronous, generic, service-oriented, agent-based, and ontology-based teamwork. Particular representation models are transformed into ontology instances and merged together in order to accomplish the final product design. It is a synchronous approach because the concurrent processes are undertaken at the same time that the interactions among designers take place. It is generic because it provides the users with two approaches for ontology integration: the use of a predefined generic ontology and the harmonization process. Our proposal focuses on collaborative design conflict resolution by using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and Web Services, the former as a tool for knowledge representation and the latter as a technological support for communication
Morales, Rodriguez Maria Lucila. „Modèle d'interaction sociale pour des agents conversationnels animés : application à la rééducation de patients cérébro-lésés“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSantorum, gaibor Marco oswaldo. „Iesa : une méthode ludique et participative pour la représentation et l'amélioration des processus métiers“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647688.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlcaras, Jean-Robert. „Sur la modélisation des processus d'adaptation socio-économiques : aspects symboliques et téléologiques de l'autonomie individuelle et sociale, interprétation des stratégies économiques en termes d'ingénierie“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo report on the diversity and the complexity of the adaptation processes carried out by the socio-economic agents and systems, the importance of the symbolical and teleogical processes has to be developed and this beyond purely "physical" actions. In addition to a methodological and epistemological questioning induced by these remarks, one is brought to consider that the economic theories (likely to influence representations and values recognized by the agents) play themselves an active part in these adaptation processes : thus, they would not only serve an objective reality but could also quote among the factors constituting an adaptation engineering of socio-economic systems. To support such hypothesis, we will notably base upon h. A. Simon's principle of "procedural rationality" and thelatest progress of convention economics
Zomahoun, Damien Esse. „Emergsem : une approche d'annotation collaborative et de recherche d'images basée sur les sémantiques émergentes“. Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe extraction of images semantic is a process that requires deep analysis of the image content. It refers to their interpretation from a human point of view. In this lastest case, the image semantic may be generic (e.g., a vehicle) or specific (e.g., a bicycle). It consists in extracting single or multiple images semantic in order to facilitate its retrieval. These objectives clearly show that the extraction of semantic is not a new research field. This thesis deals with the semantic collaborative annotation of images and their retrieval. Firstly, it discusses how annotators could describe and represent images content based on visual information, and secondly how images retrieval could be greatly improved thank to latest techniques, such as clustering and recommendation. To achieve these purposes, the use of implicit image content description tools, interactions of annotators that describe the semantics of images and those of users that use generated semantics to retrieve the images, would be essential. In this thesis, we focus our research on the use of Semantic Web tools, in particular ontologies to produce structured descriptions of images. Ontology is used to represent image objects and the relationships between these objects. In other words, it allows to formally represent the different types of objects and their relationships. Ontology encodes the relational structure of concepts that can be used to describe and reason. This makes them eminently adapted to many problems such as semantic description of images that requires prior knowledge as well as descriptive and normative capacity. The contribution of this thesis is focused on three main points : semantic representation, collaborative semantic annotation and semantic retrieval of images.Semantic representation allows to offer a tool for the capturing semantics of images. To capture the semantics of images, we propose an application ontology derived from a generic ontology. Collaborative semantic annotation that we define, provides emergent semantics through the fusion of semantics proposed by the annotators.Semantic retrieval allows to look for images with semantics provided by collaborative semantic annotation. It is based on clustering and recommendation. Clustering is used to group similar images corresponding to the user’s query and recommendation aims to propose semantics to users based on their profiles. It consists of three steps : creation of users community, acquiring of user profiles and classification of user profiles with Galois algebra. Experiments were conducted to validate the approaches proposed in this work