Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Influence on Greek language“
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1
Skelton, Christina. „Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia“. Classical Antiquity 36, Nr. 1 (01.04.2017): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2017.36.1.104.
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The Ancient Greek dialect of Pamphylia shows extensive influence from the nearby Anatolian languages. Evidence from the linguistics of Greek and Anatolian, sociolinguistics, and the historical and archaeological record suggest that this influence is due to Anatolian speakers learning Greek as a second language as adults in such large numbers that aspects of their L2 Greek became fixed as a part of the main Pamphylian dialect. For this linguistic development to occur and persist, Pamphylia must initially have been settled by a small number of Greeks, and remained isolated from the broader Greek-speaking community while prevailing cultural attitudes favored a combined Greek-Anatolian culture.
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*B. E. Kenges. „HYBRID TERMS IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMINOLOGY OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE“. Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, Nr. 3,2023 (29.09.2023): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/wvxp9918.
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"The article examines hybrid words in the field of information technology terminology. Since information technology terminology is produced in English, the English language now influences all languages globally. Besides Kazakh, there are other languages that draw heavily from the English vocabulary. However, it is a truth worth acknowledging that the English language has acquired loan terms from nearly 300 languages. The most prevalent of those are derived from Latin, Greek, and French. This research paper highlights the classifications of researchers regarding borrowed words. From an etymological perspective, the article explores the existence of words in Kazakh that represent a hybrid of two languages. The hybrid words are created by merging Kazakh words or Kazakh language endings with phrases from another language. Primarily, all borrowed words from a foreign language are adapted to the linguistic specifics of the Russian language which is the dominant influence on terminology. The article aims at categorizing hybrid terms into kinds depending on the languages into which the borrowed words were imported. It was determined that hybrid words were generated by merging the roots and endings of Greek-Latin, Greek-Latin-Kazakh, English-Kazakh, French-Kazakh, Arabic-Kazakh, Greek-Arabic, Greek-Arabic-Kazakh, Persian-Greek-Kazakh, Persian-Latin-Kazakh, Greek-Persian, Latin-Persian, and Persian-Kazakh. The paper also discusses the linguistic characteristics of hybrid terms in Kazakh. Keywords: hybrid terms, loan words, Information Technology, terminology, term "
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Kisilier, Maxim. „Contact Phenomena in Azov Greek“. Languages 7, Nr. 3 (06.07.2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030174.
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Azov Greek is a Modern Greek dialect currently spoken in several villages in the area of Mariupol (Eastern Ukraine). Recent studies in Modern Greek dialectology clearly demonstrate that all Modern Greek dialects (even so specific as Tsakonian) in some period (or periods) of their history were deeply influenced by other dialects or languages and the traces of this influence can be found on various linguistic levels. Azov Greek is no exception here. This contribution intends not only to specify languages involved in language contact with Azov Greek and to analyze the most remarkable features but also to reconstruct a timeline of these contacts. The analysis is based on the field research data collected in Greek speaking villages around Mariupol between 2001 and 2019 and considers folklore and literary texts in Azov Greek.
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Labetska, Yuliia. „“THE BRIDGE OF ARTA” – A RUMEIC VERSION OF THE BALLAD OF THE WALLED-UP WIFE“. Studia Linguistica, Nr. 18 (2021): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2021.18.83-97.
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The article deals with the analysis of two versions of a traditional ballad of the walled-up wife, widespread among the peoples of the Balkans and Asia Minor, recorded in the folklore of one of the national minorities of Ukraine – the Rumei Greeks. Linguistic analysis of text samples allows the author to trace the possible influences and cultural ties of the Azov Greeks with the metropolis. Structural-semantic and linguo-stylistic analysis of the Rumeic variants of the ballad demonstrated their pre-Azovian and pre-Crimean origins. One of the texts contains the motive, which is typical for the Pontic versions of the ballad. The language of both analyzed texts is dialectal, the Rumeika / Mariupol Greek, while it also has certain features of Demotic Greek, which can be explained not only by the archaic origin of the song, but also by the influence of Demotic Greek on Mariupol Greek already during the Azov period, when the policy of Hellenization of the Greek population of Ukraine was introduced in 1926-1938. It was concluded that the short period in the history of the Azov Greeks, when they gained access to the common Greek cultural tradition through the study of Demotic Greek and literature in it, had a certain influence on their language and folk poetry.
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Duan, Zejia. „Exploring The Influence of Plato's Philosophy on Greek Linguistics“. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 28 (01.04.2024): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fekz3n51.
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This paper aims to investigate the impact of Plato's philosophical ideas on Greek linguistics. The research covers three main sections including various aspects of the topic. The first section presents an overview of the linguistic developments in ancient Greek leading up to Plato's time. Then, "How Plato's Philosophical Ideas Transformed Greek Morphology, such as Language Patterns," delves into the specific ways Plato's philosophical ideas influenced Greek morphology. It explores how his theories impacted the structure and organization of the language, particularly in terms of morphological patterns. The last section focuses on the impact of Plato's philosophizing on the morphemes of the Greek language. It examines the introduction of new morphemes and endings influenced by Plato's philosophical ideas. Overall, this research aims to provide insights into the profound influence of Plato's philosophy on Greek linguistics. Through examining the evolution of ancient Greek, analyzing the transformation of Greek morphology, and studying the effects of Plato's philosophizing on Greek morphemes, this paper contributes to the understanding of the interconnectedness between philosophy and language in ancient Greece.
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Butiurcă, Doina. „The Greek Influence On Current Terminology“. Acta Marisiensis. Philologia 2, Nr. 1 (01.09.2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amph-2022-0017.
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Abstract The Greek influence on the Romanian language occurred in successive stages. Words of Greek origin entered in all epochs, commencing with the period before the process of formation of the Romanian language started. The Greek influence on Latin in ancient times, the influence in the Byzantine period, the preponderance of the Greek element in the Romanian lexis, direct borrowings, indirect borrowings are some of the objectives of our research. The analytical and comparative methods are two of the methods used in the analysis. One of the conclusions of the research is that the penetration of Greek elements has not remained without consequences in the dynamics of the Romanian lexis.
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Kofod, Margaret. „The Influence of Katharevousa on the Phonology of Modern Greek“. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 16 (1992): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307013100007552.
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Much has been written on Greek diglossia and the language struggle (between katharevousa and dhimotiki). Defenders of katharevousa have emphasized the importance of the language’s roots in ancient Greek, opponents of katharevousa have emphasized the idea that the Greek language should be first and foremost ‘the language of the people’.
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qizi, Yoqubova Mahliyo Jabborali. „INFLUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE“. International Journal Of Literature And Languages 4, Nr. 2 (01.02.2024): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume04issue02-04.
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English is a West Germanic language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon migrants from what is now northwest Germany, west Denmark and the Netherlands. The language has undergone major changes and developments in its pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and orthography throughout its over 1500 year history. This article provides an overview of the key influences and developments that have shaped the English language into its present global form. It examines the linguistic influences of Celtic, Norse, French, Latin, Greek and other languages on English. It also explores the impact of historical events, the growth of literacy, the invention of the printing press, dictionary compilation and standardized spelling on the development of English. The analysis shows that English has an unparalleled capacity to absorb, adapt and incorporate words and features from other languages. Through the early spread of English around the British Isles, and later via 19th and 20th century colonization and globalization, English has become the most widely spoken language worldwide with over 1.35 billion speakers.
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Porter, Stanley E. „The Language of the Apocalypse in Recent Discussion“. New Testament Studies 35, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1989): 582–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500015228.
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Since the first significant studies of Semitic influence on the NT published by Wyss, Pasor and Trom in the mid 17th century, there has not been a lack of interest in the topic of the language of the Greek Bible. Treatments of Semitic influence on the Greek of the NT usually concentrate on two issues: the current languages of lst-century Palestine, and various theories regarding the nature of the Greek of the NT. Whatever answers might be posited for the other books of the NT, few scholars have been completely satisfied with estimations given concerning the Apocalypse. Here most acutely the question of the languages used in Palestine during the 1st century overlaps with, if it is not dependent upon, the question of the nature of the Greek of the NT.
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Ponirakis, Eleni. „Hellenic Language and Thought in Pre-Conquest England“. Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, Nr. 32/4 (Oktober 2023): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.32.4.04.
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Bede, reflecting on the success of the Canterbury school set up by Theodore of Tarsus remarked: “some of their students still alive today are as proficient in Latin and Greek as in their native tongue” [trans. Colgrave and Mynors 1969, 335]. By the time we get to the court of Alfred two hundred years later, there had been a famous decline in learning from which Greek, as a language, had not yet recovered. However, there remained a strong interest in Greek as a sacred language in liturgies, prayers and magical charms, and later in hermeneutic poetry. Theodore’s influence was not limited to Greek Language, he also brought knowledge of Maximus the Confessor and Pseudo-Dionysius. The influence of Greek mystical theology would find fuller expression in the translations associated with the court of King Alfred via contact with the Carolingian court, but the seeds for this reception in England may already have been sown. This paper will outline the evidence for the use of Greek language in a variety of contexts, including a charm for the staunching of blood, and it will examine the extent of the influence of Greek patristic thinking in Old English texts including both clerical prose and secular poetry.
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Grossman, Eitan. „Did Greek Influence the Coptic Preference for Prefixing? A Quantitative-Typological Perspective“. Journal of Language Contact 11, Nr. 1 (18.01.2018): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01101001.
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The present article takes a quantitative approach to investigating contact-induced change, using typological parameters established for the purposes of cross-linguistic comparison. Specifically, it examines the likelihood that a socio-politically dominant language, Greek (Indo-European), influenced the morphological structure of a socio-politically subordinate indigenous language, Coptic (Afroasiatic). Based on the high prefixing score of Coptic and the much lower prefixing score of Greek, it is concluded that it is highly unlikely that Greek had any significant or direct influence on the strong prefixing preference of Coptic.
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Romanou, Aikaterini. „Eastern naturalness versus western artificiality: Rimsky Korsakov's influence on Manoles Kalomoires' early operas“. Muzikologija, Nr. 5 (2005): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz0505101r.
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In this article the writer investigates the relations between perceptions of the East and the West in nineteenth century Greece, their connection to national identity, to the language question and to political tendencies. The composer Manoles Kalomoires was influenced by a group of progressive intellectuals striving to liberate Greek literature and language from its dependence on Ancient Greek legacy, a dependence motivated by Western idealists (who saw in the Greek Revolution of 1821 a renaissance of Ancient Greece). Most were educated in the West, but promoted an oriental image of Greeks. Kalomoires' musical expression of this image was inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's Sheherazade and the Golden Cockerel. In 1909-910 he wrote an unfinished opera, Mavrianos and the King, on the model of the Golden Cockerel. He later used this music in his best known opera, The Mother's Ring (1917). In the present article the similarities in the three works are for the first time shown. An essential influence from Rimsky-Korsakov's work is the contrast between the world of freedom, nature and fantasy and that of oppression.
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Romano, Francesco Bryan. „Remarks on research of anaphora resolution in situations of language contact: Cross-linguistic influence and the PAS“. International Journal of Bilingualism 23, Nr. 1 (01.02.2017): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917693410.
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Purpose: This article proposes a new definition of cross-linguistic influence on anaphora resolution in situations of language contact appealing to the Position of Antecedent Strategy. Design: To this effect it examines existing evidence for and definitions of cross-linguistic influence across Spanish, Italian, Greek, and English, four languages research has concentrated on most intensively. Data and analysis: Methodological and theoretical issues are brought to the fore and the evidence of cross-linguistic influence re-evaluated in light of recent investigations of L1 processing of Spanish, Italian, and Greek anaphora. Findings/conclusions: The re-evaluation points to the conclusion that null pronouns are interpreted and processed in similar ways by native speakers, L2 speakers, and L1 attriters, even if speakers have contact with or are very proficient in languages such as English or Swedish where null anaphora is unavailable. Overt pronouns in Italian are more similar to Greek than Spanish and cross-linguistic influence affects only overt anaphora. Originality: If cross-linguistic influence is conceived in terms of the Position of Antecedent Strategy, then apparently contradictory cases such as the over-production of overt forms by Spanish speakers of Italian and the balanced co-reference of Spanish overt forms to topic and non-topic antecedents can be accounted for. Significance/implications: Cross-linguistic influence takes place from the language with less towards the language with more categorical biases. Recommendations for future research with the populations studied, data analysis and collection, and linguistic structures examined are made.
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Riggsby, Andrew M. „Roman Rhetoric: Revolution and the Greek Influence“. Rhetorica 16, Nr. 3 (1998): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.1998.16.3.315.
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Kainada, Evia, und Angelos Lengeris. „Native language influences on the production of second-language prosody“. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2015): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100315000158.
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This study examined native language (L1) transfer effects on the production of second-language (L2) prosody by intermediate Greek learners of English, specifically the set of tonal events and their alignment, speech rate, pitch span and pitch level in English polar questions. Greek uses an L* L+H- L% melody giving rise to a low–high–low f0 contour at the end of the polar question that does not resemble any of the contours used by native speakers in English polar questions. The results showed that the Greek speakers transferred the full set of Greek tonal events into English associating them with stressed syllables, and consistently placed the focus on the verb. The Greek speakers also anchored the peak of the phrase accent in polar questions around the midpoint of the stressed vowel across L1/L2 despite using longer vowel durations in L2. At the same time, their productions deviated from L1 forms in terms of speech rate (slower in L2), pitch span (narrower in L2) and pitch level (lower in L2), indicating that even when learners adopt an L1 prosodic feature in their L2, they still produce interlanguage forms that deviate from L1.
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Oikonomidis, Agapios. „The impact of English in Greece“. English Today 19, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078403002104.
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This article provides an illustrated account of the extent to which elements of the English language have become commonplace in Greek, particularly in magazine and other texts, and particularly where Greek has long had a powerful influence on English and other Western European languages, especially in adding to their academic, medical, and technological lexicon. English now appears to be paying Greek back in kind and in full – across a wide range of registers. The illustrative material that accompanies the article helps demonstrate the extent to which present-day Greek has absorbed lexical material from English.
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Skomarovskaya, Anastasiya Anatol'evna. „INFLUENCE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE ON THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX VOCABULARY“. Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.12.33.
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Papapavlou, Andreas. „Linguistic imperialism?“ Language Problems and Language Planning 25, Nr. 2 (31.12.2001): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.25.2.04pap.
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There is growing concern about the spread and influence of English worldwide. In Cyprus, the influence of English on the Greek Cypriot dialect has attracted much interest in recent years, becoming the subject of frequent media attention and, at times, creating acrimonious public discussion. While some people have reacted mildly to this phenomenon, others express strong views, seeing the ‘influx’ of foreign words as a ‘linguistic invasion’ that ‘contaminates’ their language, and referring to the ‘suppression’ of the Greek language by English. Such ‘protectors’ of language warn of a colonialist ‘dominance’ of English in the lives of Cypriots. This paper (a) examines concerns and fears that were expressed recently about the influx of English loanwords in Cypriot Greek and in general the influence of English in Cyprus and (b) reviews papers presented at a conference held in 1992 that dealt with the dominance of English and the ‘suppression’ of Cypriot Greek.
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Gorshkov, Andrey. „Persian theme in Plutarch’s works based on the episode from the treatise “On Isis and Osiris”“. Litera, Nr. 8 (August 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.8.36326.
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The object of this research is the cultural ties between Greeks and Persians, while the subject is the image of Persia and Persian in Plutarch's treatise “On Isis and Osiris”. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as the problem of barbarism, Zoroastrianism as the foundation of Persian worldview, Persians from the perspective of Plutarch, description of Persian religious rites and traditions. Special attention is turned to the problems of borrowing Persian words into the Ancient Greek language (Avestan lexemes are being modified in the Ancient Persian language, and then adapted in the Ancient Greek language). It is noted that Greek language has been influenced by the barbarian languages due to deepening ties of the Greeks with other peoples. The conclusion is made that Plutarch was sincerely fascinated with Persians and certain aspects of their worldview; he compares the sayings of the Greek philosophers and poets with Persian ontology — contrary to the stereotypical perception of the Persians as barbarians, standing below the Greeks in their development. The author’s special contribution consists in juxtaposition of the Zoroastrian doctrinal provisions with the rites and practices of the Persians described by Plutarch. The novelty of this research consists in the advanced hypothesis that explains the rich spirit in the lexeme Ὡρομάζης. The relevance this work lies in examination of interaction between the Greek and Persian worlds, which has not received due attention in the Russian philological science.
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Pichakhchy, Olena. „TENDENCIES OF NEOLOGIZATION OF THE MODERN GREEK LANGUAGE“. Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, Nr. 10(78) (27.02.2020): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-133-136.
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The article is devoted to the study of current issues of neologization of Modern Greek language, the causes and areas of use of neologisms, trends in the development of neology and their impact on word formation in Modern Greek based on the material of leading Greek linguists. The focus of modern linguistic research on the study and analysis of modern trends in the evolution of Modern Greek in all its subsystems and elements is justified and emphasizes the urgency of this problem, which is due to constant changes in Modern Greek, which seeks to actively meet the challenges of modern society, therefore uses linguistic means to give names to new concepts or to outline new meanings of existing concepts. The study of patterns, problems and processes of rapid and productive development and, as a consequence, the renewal of the language, Modern Greek in particular, identified in the need to systematize and generalize the basic principles of enriching the lexical structure of Modern Greek with tools which, by meeting the needs of communication participants, help to overcome possible barriers in language. The essence of neology, its types, which determine the main directions of influence on the Modern Greek system, the scope of neologisms, which depends on extralinguistic factors determined by the latest trends in society, determine further prospects for studying the Modern Greek system exactly in the lexical aspect.
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Nikitina, Inna, und Ksenia Klimova. „The traditional culture and the language of the “Russian Greeks” in Sochi: A review of an ethnolinguistic expedition“. Slavic Almanac 2022, Nr. 3-4 (2022): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.3-4.2.06.
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The traditional culture and the language of the Greek population of Sochi in July 2022 for the first time became the subject of an ethnolinguistic study by Russian researchers. The Greek population (natives of the region of Pontus, located in modern Turkey) initially appeared in these territories in the second half of the 19th century. During the Stalin era, the number of Greeks decreased significantly, however, the language (Pontic dialect of the Greek language) and elements of traditional culture in places where Greeks were densely populated are preserved to this day. In the folk calendar, family rituals, folk mythology of the modern Greek population, there are not only common Greek elements that unite the Pontic Greeks of the diaspora with the wide “Greek world”, but also characteristic features that allow us to draw a preliminary conclusion about the preservation of archaic elements of culture (the rite of making rain “koshkotera”, etc.). Many elements of traditional culture were influenced by neighboring Slavic (Russian) and other Caucasian (Armenian, Georgian) traditions.
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Szczepankowska, Irena. „Leksyka ekonomiczna w polszczyźnie: dynamika rozwoju i zakres wpływu języków niesłowiańskich“. Poradnik Językowy, Nr. 7/2023(806) (19.09.2023): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2023.7.1.
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The subject of the observation is the Polish economic lexis used in the discourse on economy: agriculture, industry, trade, and financial operations. Its present composiƟtion, with a considerable share of borrowings from English, is an effect of the development of the capitalist socioeconomic formation. New symbols have layered on top of the abundant lexical substratum composed of native units as well as Germanisms and Latinisms, including those of Greek provenance, which has been gradually enriched over the centuries. The aim of the analysis is to identify the development trends in the lexical layer that have evolved into the current Polish economic discourse, with a particular focus on the dynamics, extent, and nature of foreign-language influences. The statistical comparison of the lexical resource of three journalistic texts of similar volumes, representative of successive periods of the development of the economic discourse in the Polish language, permits the ascertainment that the broadest assimilation of non-Slavic components into the Polish economic lexis took place in the 19th century.
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Labrenz, Annika, Heike Wiese, Tatiana Pashkova und Shanley Allen. „The three-dot sign in language contact“. Pragmatics and Cognition 29, Nr. 2 (31.12.2022): 246–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21021.lab.
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Abstract In this study, we investigate the three-dot sign as a discourse marker (DM) with textual, subjective and intersubjective discourse functions. As a graphical marker that is used across languages, the three-dot sign is especially suitable for comparative studies and dynamics in language contact. Our corpus study targeting instant messages of different languages (English, German, Greek, Russian, Turkish) and speaker groups (monolinguals and bilingual heritage speakers) suggests that graphical DMs are prone to cross-linguistic influence. This depends on the specific contact situation and does not seem to be a general effect of bilingualism. The societal status of a language might further influence the use of such markers in digital informal writing. Language-specific developments that relate to emerging functions indicate that functional versatility promotes frequent use of (graphical) DMs.
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Kaltsa, Maria, Ianthi Maria Tsimpli und Froso Argyri. „The development of gender assignment and agreement in English-Greek and German-Greek bilingual children“. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 9, Nr. 2 (16.10.2017): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.16033.kal.
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Abstract The aim of this experimental study is to examine the development of Greek gender in bilingual English-Greek and German-Greek children. Four gender production tasks were designed, two targeting gender assignment eliciting determiners and two targeting gender agreement eliciting predicate adjectives for real and novel nouns. Participant performance was assessed in relation to whether the ‘other’ language was a gender language or not (English vs. German) along with the role of the bilinguals’ Greek vocabulary knowledge and language input. The results are argued to contribute significantly to disentangling the role of crosslinguistic influence in gender assignment and agreement by bringing together a variety of input measures such as early and current amount of exposure to Greek, the role of area of residence (i.e. whether Greek is the minority or the majority language), the effect of maternal education and the amount of exposure to Greek in a school setting.
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Tadauskienė, Elvyra Vida. „Pecularities of Economic and Information Terminology“. Coactivity: Philology, Educology 15, Nr. 4 (15.04.2011): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/coactivity.2007.42.
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The article investigates the pecularities of economic and information terminology and concludes their original source. As economic terms turn out to have appeared earlier than those of information, so the beginning of the emergence of them was influenced by the Greek and Latin languages. During the Soviet period economic terms were under the influence of the Russian language. A lot of information terms originated from the English language so the dominance of this language is still greatly felt. The common language can be considered to be the original source of some of the mentioned terminology when expanding the meaning of adequate terms. Translation of some of the terms creates problems related to the synonymous meaning of the terms or certain variations of the vocabulary meanings.
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Amara, Yamina. „Zum Einfluss des Lateins auf die althochdeutsche“. Traduction et Langues 15, Nr. 2 (31.12.2016): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v15i2.707.
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On the Influence of Latin on Old High German
In this article I have given a historical overview of the influence of Latin on the German language at the different stages of its development. But, a special attention was given to Old High German, because both have common roots. At the beginning I explained the most important background about Latin and Old High German to better understand the development of the German language gradually. Then, I have explained the influence of Latin on Old High German through the relationship between Latin and Old High German from a religious perspective. At the end I explained the features and the different changes that affected the lexical items of Old High German, with a particular emphasis on linguistic and phonetic changes. Not only Latin influenced German, but also French, Greek, Ancient Greek, and English have had the greatest impact. We end up with a question to open other avenues for research: what would the German language be like if Latin had never existed? It is difficult to answer this question, but what is important is that Latin served the German language as a unified language and culture.
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GALSTYAN, Anahit, und Christine ABRAHAMYAN. „THE INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH ON THE ARMENIAN MEDICAL VOCABULARY“. Foreign Languages in Higher Education 21, Nr. 1 (22) (15.05.2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/flhe/2017.21.1.019.
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As science grows rapidly, in different languages new terms are created and formed according to certain word formation and grammatical rules. The aim of the current paper is the study of word formation strategies of medical terminology in English and Armenian. The results of the survey reveal that in both languages most medical terms have Greek and Latin origin. Naturally, both languages have enriched their medical terminology by borrowing terms from German, French, in case of English, and Persian, Arabic, Russian, in case of Armenian. Recently many medical terms have paved their way into Armenian either directly from English or via English. Unlike English, where loanwords are mostly used in adapted or partially adapted forms, in Armenian native equivalents are more preferable. The results of the study show that language planning is part of Armenian language policy and government policy, the number of loan translations (calques), loan renditions, loan creations and hybrids are more than the number of loan words in Armenian medical terminology.
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Usher, Stephen. „Apostrophe in Greek Oratory“. Rhetorica 28, Nr. 4 (2010): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2010.28.4.351.
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A full list of passages containing apostrophe, the figure of speech when a speaker turns away temporarily from his audience and addresses a third party, shows many more instances of it in later than earlier Greek oratory, reflecting the change from the more impersonal role of the speechwriter to that of the career politician who increased his influence by supporting clients robustly in the lawcourts. This paper also classifies the types of apostrophe and considers to what extent its presence may be due to the characters of particular orators and the cultural trends of the Fourth Century.
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Peinhopf, Marlene. „On the Greek-philosophical impact on Labeo’s definition of the locatio conductio operis“. Dike - Rivista di Storia del Diritto Greco ed Ellenistico 26 (27.02.2024): 246–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/1128-8221/22595.
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Roman law was influenced by Hellenistic concepts across the various periods of its development. This influence is reflected in the inclusion of Greek terms in the Latin texts of Roman jurists. The following article addresses Labeoʼs definition of locatio conductio operis and its interpretation in Romanist doctrine. The article explores Labeo’s use of the terms ἀποτέλεσμα and ἔργον in his definition, offering a linguistic analysis of these lines that attends to the meaning of the Greek language usage. In conclusion, the significance of the Hellenistic influence here is grounded by reviewing some relevant aspects of Greek law and the circumstances under which Labeo wrote his text, which is cited in D. 50.16.5.1.
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Joseph, Brian Daniel. „What is not so (E)strange about Greek as a Balkan Language“. Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca 22, Nr. 2 (28.12.2020): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/keria.22.2.57-83.
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In a 2013 lecture at Princeton University, distinguished historian Professor Basil Gounaris suggested that in the 19th‒20th centuries there was a “troubled relationship” between Greece and the Balkans, and a process of “estrangement” associated with “the transformation of the Greek-orthodox society itself into a Modern Greek nation”. This is all very well and good as far as the 19th and 20th centuries are concerned, and as far as the cultural and political side of the development of modern Greece are concerned, but there is a longer history of engagement between Greek peoples and the Balkans and other dimensions to that history. In particular, from a linguistic standpoint, the interactions between Greek speakers and speakers of other languages in the Balkans—Albanian, Slavic, Romance, Indic, and Turkish in particular—had profound effects on the Greek language that last to this very day. Accordingly, I present here a side of Greece, namely the Greek language, that is not estranged from the Balkans, and explore the ways in which Greek has been affected by, and has influenced, other Balkan languages and the ways in which it can be considered to be a Balkan language.
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Christodoulidou, Maria. „Style Shifting from Cypriot towards Greek Phonology“. Journal of Greek Linguistics 13, Nr. 1 (2013): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-13130105.
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This study investigates how different linguistic audiences influence the speech styles of Cypriot Greeks who are bilinguals in Cypriot and Standard Modern Greek. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of language style as audience design (Bell 1984), this paper investigates style shifting of select phonological variables—from Cypriot Greek towards Standard Modern Greek—in the interactions of Cypriots with three types of audiences, composed of respectively: 1. Cypriot addressees and Greek auditors; 2. Greek and Cypriot addressees; and 3. Greek addressees and Cypriot auditors. The variables investigated are (k), (x), (t), (p). Apart from the specific results for each of the variables, this research demonstrates that the subjects under investigation shift their speech to imitate the speech of their addressees, whereas auditors have an inferior effect on style shifting. Specifically, the results of this study show greater style-shifting in conversations with an audience of Greek addressees rather than auditors.
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Hamzah, Hakma, Achmad Khudori Soleh und Azmi Putri Ayu Wardani. „Islamic Rationalism“. JURNAL PENELITIAN KEISLAMAN 20, Nr. 1 (30.06.2024): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jpk.v20i1.10347.
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Long before Greek philosophy influenced Islamic thought, Islam already had a tradition of rational thinking. This study traces the role of language in the development of Islamic rationalism and addresses 19th-century Orientalists' claims that Islamic philosophy is merely an imitation of Greek philosophy. Using a qualitative library research approach, the study finds:(1) The rationalism in Islam is a genuine product of Islamic intellectual effort, rooted in the Qur'an and Hadith. The interpretation of these sources gave rise to the Islamic rational system, particularly through the study of language (nahw-sarf), proving that Islamic rationalism is an intrinsic part of its tradition.(2) The claim that Islamic rationalism is adopted from Greek thought is countered by evidence that rational thinking was practiced in Islam long before Greek philosophy's influence. Muslim philosophers further developed Greek ideas, creating a unique form of rationality known as hikmah, demonstrating that Islamic philosophy is an original intellectual tradition.
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Klimova, Ksenia A., und Elena S. Uzeneva. „Language Policy and Language Situation in Dynamics: Pomaks of Northern Greece“. Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 66 (2022): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-148-160.
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The paper comes up with a synchronous-diachronic analysis of the linguistic situation in one of the isolated cultural and linguistic enclaves of the Balkan Peninsula: the district of Xanthi in the region of Thrace in Northern Greece, on the Bulgarian-Greek border. Here, in a remote mountainous area, live Muslim Slavs, ethnic Bulgarians, representing a minority ethnolinguistic and cultural-confessional group that has existed for a long time in a foreign language and other religious environment among Orthodox Greeks. In the historical past, this community formed a single whole with the Muslim Bulgarians who now live within the boundaries of the Republic of Bulgaria. This minority is the object of the language and cultural policy of three states: Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria. Note that the Greek authorities for a long time 1920s–1990s (excluding the period of Bulgarian rule in 1941–1944) pursued a policy of de-Bulgarization of this population. As a result, today the degree of its Turkicization (due to the influence of Islam, the study of the Koran in Turkish and the active position of Turkey) is quite high. It should be noted that the Bulgarian-speaking communities in Northern Greece are not the object of the Bulgarian language policy, which is carried out by disinterested officials and politicians who ignore the opinions and assessments of Bulgarian dialectologists and sociolinguists. The study focuses on ethnonyms and exonyms as important factors in the formation of the Pomaks' linguistic identity: the self-name of the speakers of these dialects is Pomaks, Ahryans. The ethnonym Pomaks was introduced and continues to be actively used to discuss the new Greek policy towards the Bulgarian-speaking population of Greece; the linguonym Pomaks was also formed from it. Earlier in Greece, the term Slavophones ('speakers of the Slavic language') was used, cf. new pomakophones. In the 90s of the 20th century and early 21th century a number of scientists (V. Friedman, A. D. Dulichenko, A. Ioannidou, K. Voss, M. Nomati, M. Henzelmann, K. Steinke) considered Pomak to be one of the literary microlanguages of the southern Slavia, noting that it is characterized by the diversity of the script used and poor functionality. There were appropriate grounds for this (codification, publication of dictionaries and grammar, textbooks, etc.). But the impetus for the “creation” of the literary language of the Pomaks was the political task of the country's leadership. At present, Pomak (Southern Rodhopian, Bulgarian) dialects in Greece have an unwritten character (they are used exclusively for oral communication in the family and village, microsociety). Despite the presence of certain signs of the formation of the literary language among the Pomaks, the modern language situation and language policy do not contribute to its existence and functioning. We rely on both published sources and our own field materials collected during two ethnolinguistic expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019, as well as online in 2021, and will try to present preliminary results of the study of the current state of the language and language policy. Let us note the importance of modern interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the phenomenon of intercultural communication, which are based on the dialogue of languages and cultures, and which necessitated the description of new linguistic conditions and consideration of the importance of not so much Greek as Turkish as a means of intra — and interethnic communication in the specific genre.
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Timofeeva, Olga. „Bide Nu Æt Gode Þæt Ic Grecisc Cunne: Attitudes to Greek and the Greeks in the Anglo-Saxon Period“. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 51, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2016-0007.
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Abstract The Greeks were one of those outgroups to whom the Anglo-Saxons had reasons to look up to, because of the antiquity of their culture and the sanctity of their language, along those of the Hebrews and the Romans. Yet as a language Greek was practically unknown for most of the Anglo-Saxon period and contact with its native speakers and country extremely limited. Nevertheless, references to the Greeks and their language are not uncommon in the Anglo-Saxon sources (both Latin and vernacular), as a little less than 200 occurrences in the Dictionary of Old English (s.v. grecisc) testify. This paper uses these data, supplementing them with searches in the Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, Brepolis Library of Latin Texts - Series A, monumenta.ch and Medieval Latin from Anglo-Saxon Sources, and analyses lexical and syntactic strategies of the Greek outgroup construction in Anglo-Saxon texts. It looks at lexemes denoting ‘Greek’ and their derivatives in Anglo-Latin and Old English, examines their collocates and gleans information on attitudes towards Greek and the Greeks, and on membership claims indexed by Latin-Greek or English-Greek code-switching, by at the same time trying to establish parallels and influences between the two high registers of the Anglo-Saxon period.
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Samuel, Jamuna. „Ethics and Musical Language: A Gramscian Reading of Dallapiccola’s Liriche greche and Their Influence“. Articles 35, Nr. 1 (14.02.2017): 123–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038947ar.
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Luigi Dallapiccola (1904–75)—a pioneering figure as serialist, composer of protest music, and trailblazer for the avant-garde—wrote his Greek Lyrics song cycle (1942–5) as an escape from wartime anxiety. I locate the Lyrics within a nexus of technique, text setting, and ethical engagement. That complex resonated with the younger composers Berio, Nono, and Maderna, each responding in the postwar period with settings from the same collection, Quasimodo’s 1940 free translation of classic Greek lyrics. I examine Quasimodo’s ethics, placing his poetry and Dallapiccola’s settings within Gramsci’s notions of language and politics, which were highly influential on postwar Italian composers.
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Damaskinidis, George. „Ideological shifts between bilingual EU texts“. Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, Nr. 5 (31.12.2017): 702–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00005.dam.
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Abstract This article examines the translation of an official English European Council text, namely a Commission Communication, into Greek. A critical discourse analysis-based methodology is used to probe the manipulation of ideological shifts between the English source text and its Greek translation. The analysis of both texts aims to shed light on the way culturally-approved patterns reflect and also influence society’s priorities and preoccupations. The comparative analysis provides an example of how the European Union and its official working language influenced the translator’s attitudes and motivations in decoding various ideological patterns. Adopting a social view of political ideologies and their associated readerships, the article discusses how discourse and ideology mediate in the translation of the English-Greek language pair. It shows how discourse reinforces ideological assumptions and how it challenges them by emphasizing that the source culture violates the very norms and values the target culture holds dear.
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Heath, Malcolm. „Greek Literature“. Greece and Rome 69, Nr. 1 (07.03.2022): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383521000280.
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The influence of Greek poetry on Latin poetry is well known. Why, then, is the reciprocal influence of Latin poetry on Greek not so readily discernible? What does that reveal about Greek–Latin bilingualism and biculturalism? Perhaps not very much. The evidence that Daniel Jolowicz surveys in the densely written 34-page introduction to his 400-page Latin Poetry in the Ancient Greek Novel amply testifies to Greek engagement with Latin language and culture on a larger scale than is usually recognized. That this engagement is more readily discernible in Greek novels than in Greek poetry is no reason to dismiss the evidence that the novels provide. On the contrary, the seven main chapters provide ‘readings of the Greek novels that establish Latin poetry…as an essential frame of reference’ (2). In Chapters 1–3 Chariton engages with the love elegy of Propertius, Ovid and Tibullus, with Ovid's epistolary poetry and the poetry of exile, and with the Aeneid. In Chapters 4–5 Achilles Tatius engages with Latin elegy and (again) the Aeneid, and also with the ‘destruction of bodies’ (221) in Ovid, Lucan, and Seneca. In Chapter 7 Longus engages with Virgil's Eclogues and the Aeneid. The strength of the evidence requires only a brief conclusion. Jolowicz's rigorously argued and methodologically convincing monograph deserves to be read widely, and with close attention.
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Maier, Martin, und Rasha Abdel Rahman. „Native Language Promotes Access to Visual Consciousness“. Psychological Science 29, Nr. 11 (24.09.2018): 1757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618782181.
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Can our native language influence what we consciously perceive? Although evidence that language modulates visual discrimination has been accumulating, little is known about the relation between language structure and consciousness. We employed electroencephalography and the attentional-blink paradigm, in which targets are often unnoticed. Native Greek speakers ( N = 28), who distinguish categorically between light and dark shades of blue, showed boosted perception for this contrast compared with a verbally unmarked green contrast. Electrophysiological signatures of early visual processing predicted this behavioral advantage. German speakers ( N = 29), who have only one category for light and dark shades of blue, showed no differences in perception between blue and green targets. The behavioral consequence of categorical perception was replicated with Russian speakers ( N = 46), reproducing this novel finding. We conclude that linguistic enhancement of color contrasts provides targets with a head start in accessing visual consciousness. Our native language is thus one of the forces that determine what we consciously perceive.
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Baćić Ćosić, Maja G. „LANGUAGE AND GENDER – MALE AND FEMALE LANGUAGE PATTERNS IN THE GREEK SERIES MHN APXIZEIΣ THN MOYPMOYPA“. Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу 14, Nr. 27 (30.06.2023): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21618/fil2327345b.
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Television is a dominant medium that can influence one’s attitude and social ideologies formation since it reflects sociolinguistic reality and maintains language ideologies and existing social stereotypes. For that reason, we can mention so-called female and male language patterns and their main characteristics, which are to a great extent associated with social power, i.e. the role that an individual has in his social community or community of practice. This paper aims to examine whether the Greek media and more specifically, the Greek TV series promote so-called male and female language patterns, as well as social stereotypes directed towards women. In this paper, we analysed the linguistic behaviour of the protagonists of the Greek series Mην αρχίζεις την μουρμούρα. Qualitative non-experimental research based on the analysis of linguistic behaviour at the level of the characters‘ lexical choice, Vaso and Charis showed that their choice of language patterns is proportional to their social or professional status. In addition, we noticed the presence of certain social stereotypes, while it is evident that the use of stereotypical-female language patterns is associated with a hierarchically lower social position.
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Gînsac, Ana-Maria, Dinu Moscal und Mădălina Ungureanu. „The Names of Russia in Pre-modern Romanian: Problems of Translation“. Вопросы Ономастики 19, Nr. 3 (2022): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.3.036.
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The article discusses the names of Russia and their formal variation in texts translated into Romanian during its pre-modern stage (ca. 1780–1830). In this period, the diversity of source languages (French, German, Italian, Serbian, Modern Greek) generated denominative and formal variation of the foreign names in translation. Other causes of this variation are the lack of translation criteria, the different alphabets and phonetic systems (Latin, Greek and Romanian-Cyrillic) that entered in contact, the role of the dominant culture languages (Latin and Greek), the preexisting traditional forms of the names and translation through intermediate sources. These factors explain the circulation of several choronyms for Russia and their lack of formal consistency in this period. The formal variation in the sources often implies a variation in Romanian from one text to another or within the same text. Although the source language usually influences the Romanian forms of the names, the Greek traits frequently appear in the texts translated from Latin-scripted sources due to the long-time and higher cultural prestige of this language. Accordingly, in the case of the name Russia, this influence is felt at the phonetic level (Rosia) and at the suprasegmental level (the paroxytone instead of the proparoxytone accentuation). Similarly, the variants Moscva and Moscfa are adaptations of the Russian Moskva. On the other hand, the translators could not ignore the reader and sometimes substituted the names from the source with a Romanian denominative expression (e.g. Împărăţiia Moscului and Ţara Moschicească for Moscovia). The names of Russia and their variants in the pre-modern Romanian provide an example of the possibilities of transposing a foreign proper name into Romanian and, at the same time, reflect the essential linguistic characteristic of the proper name, that is the very close association between the signifier and the named individuality.
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Renfrew, Colin. „Word of Minos: the Minoan Contribution to Mycenaean Greek and the Linguistic Geography of the Bronze Age Aegean“. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1998): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300001852.
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The question of the supposedly pre-Greek language or languages of the Aegean, in its wider historical and cultural context, has not been systematically addressed since the decipherment of the Linear B script, other than in the philological studies of DA. Hester. Here it is argued that the time is ripe for a new synthesis between the linguistic and the cultural evidence. The language of the Minoan Linear A script, that is (it is here assumed) the Minoan language of the palaces, is here identified as making the principal contribution to the so-called ‘pre-Greek’ vocabulary of the Greek language, thus constituting not a linguistic substratum of earlier date but an adstratum, which developed during their co-existence in the Aegean during the Bronze Age. This may be seen as the linguistic component in the ‘Versailles effect’ of Minoan palatial influence within the Aegean, which reached its apogee in the Late Bronze 1 period, a view anticipated in some respects in the work of some earlier writers notably G. Glotz.Such an approach focuses attention more clearly on the intellectual and ideological contributions of Minoan culture to the emerging Mycenaean civilization, rather than on the piecemeal acquisition of material items, without however assigning a secondary or subordinate role to the mainland communities in their own transition towards state society. One important consequence of the argument is to diminish (or even eliminate) the case for a significant chronologically pre-Greek element in the Greek language. One principal argument against the very early, probably Neolithic arrival of proto-Greek (or proto-Indo-European) speakers into mainland Greece is thereby removed. The resulting simplification in the linguistic picture of the Bronze Age Aegean proposed here carries implications also for that of western Anatolia and for the great antiquity there of the Luwian language. It opens questions also about the affinities of the presumed Anatolianancestor of the Minoan (or proto-Minoan) language.
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Birnbaum, Marianna. „What the West has won by the Fall of Byzantium?“ Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, Nr. 41 (2004): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0441469b.
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After the Fall of Byzantium, a large number of Greek humanists arrived in Europe. They greatly affected the study of Greek language and thought in the whole of Europe. This paper investigates three main areas of their influence: teaching, translating, and publishing.
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Tseronis, Assimakis. „Diglossic past and present lexicographical practices“. Language Problems and Language Planning 26, Nr. 3 (06.12.2002): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.26.3.02tse.
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The publication of a dictionary is a means to describe, codify and ultimately standardise a language. This process is complicated by the lexicographer’s own attitude towards the language and the public’s sensitivity on language matters. The recent publication of the two most authoritative dictionaries of Modern Greek and their respective lexical coverage reveals the continuing survival of the underlying ideologies of the two sponsoring institutions concerning the history of the Greek language, as well as their opposing standpoints on the language question over the past decades, some 25 years after the constitutional resolution of the Greek diglossia, affecting the way they describe the synchronic state of language. The two dictionaries proceed from opposing starting points in attempting to influence and set a pace for the standardisation of Modern Greek by presenting two different aspects of the synchronic state of Greek, one of which focuses on the long history of the language and thus takes the present state to be only a link in an uninterrupted chain dating from antiquity, and the other of which focuses on the present state of Greek and thus takes this fully developed autonomous code to be the outcome of past linguistic processes and socio-cultural changes in response to the linguistic community’s present needs. The absence of a sufficiently representative corpus has restrained the descriptive capacity of the two dictionaries and has given space for ideology to come into play, despite the fact that both dictionaries have made concessions in order to account for the present-day Greek language.
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Wolfe, Brendan N. „The relevance of certain Semiticisms in the Gothic New Testament“. NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 71, Nr. 2 (21.06.2018): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00015.wol.
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Abstract It is worth emphasizing that it is not the generic Greek language which exerts Hellenizing influence on Gothic, but rather the Greek New Testament specifically. This is demonstrated by the consideration of unGreek features of the Greek New Testament, such as Semiticisms. This approach also resolves an anomalous usage of Gothic jabai, generally unexplained in grammars and dictionaries, and highlights a departure from the sense of the Greek in one passage.
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Tsimpli, Ianthi Maria, Alexandra Prentza und Maria Kaltsa. „Bidirectional Language Contact Effects at the DP Domain: The Case of Greek and Vlach Aromanian Speakers“. Languages 7, Nr. 2 (15.06.2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020150.
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We investigate the effects of the historical language contact of Modern Greek (MG) with Vlach Aromanian (VA) in bilingual speakers of three generations living in Epirus, Greece. We focus on a VA variety spoken in a specific language community, with our study constituting one of the early attempts in this field of research. (1) Background: Given that bilingualism is a dynamic process in which language domains are not uniformly affected by external (i.e., sociolinguistic) factors, the investigation of bidirectional crosslinguistic influence can shed light on the resilience of morphosyntactic and semantic feature changes. MG differs from VA in a number of morphosyntactic properties at the DP domain, namely definiteness marking, positioning the adjective and gender marking. (2) Methods: To examine the language contact effects in VA–MG bilinguals, we elicited spontaneous language production in VA and MG from speakers across three generations with different levels of proficiency in each language. (3) Results: The data analysis showed evidence of bidirectional crosslinguistic influence since (a) MG seems to affect VA in definiteness marking and adjective positioning in younger bilingual groups and (b) VA influences MG in gender marking in older bilinguals. (4) Conclusions: The present study presents original language data from VA–MG bilinguals and provides evidence of bidirectional language contact effects.
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Riggsby, Andrew M. „Roman Rhetoric: Revolution and the Greek Influence by Richard L. Enos“. Rhetorica 16, Nr. 3 (Juni 1998): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rht.1998.0018.
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Arvaniti, Amalia. „Cypriot Greek“. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 29, Nr. 2 (Dezember 1999): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030000654x.
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Cypriot Greek is the dialect of Modern Greek spoken on the island of Cyprus by approximately 650,000 people and also by the substantial immigrant communities of Cypriots in the UK, North America, Australia, South Africa and elsewhere. Due to lengthy isolation, Cypriot Greek is so distinct from Standard Greek as to be often unintelligible to speakers of the Standard. Greek Cypriot speakers, on the other hand, have considerably less difficulty understanding Greeks, since Standard Greek is the official language of Cyprus, and as such it is the medium of education and the language of the Cypriot media. However, in every day situations Cypriot Greek is the only variety used among Cypriots. Cypriot Greek is not homogeneous but exhibits considerable geographical variation (Newton 1972). The variety described here is that used by educated speakers, particularly the inhabitants of the capital, Nicosia. Although influenced by increasing contact with Standard Greek, Cypriot Greek retains most of its phonological and phonetic characteristics virtually intact. There is no established orthography for Cypriot Greek; however, certain, rather variable, conventions have emerged, based on Greek historical orthography but also including novel combinations of letters in order to represent sounds that do not exist in the Standard (e.g. σι for [∫]); a version of these conventions has been adopted here for the sample text. The transcription is based on the speech of an educated male speaker from Nicosia in his mid-thirties, who read the text twice at normal speed and in an informal manner, he also assisted in rendering the text from Standard to Cypriot Greek.
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Förster, Hans. „Translating from Greek as Source Language? The Lasting Influence of Latin on New Testament Translation“. Journal for the Study of the New Testament 43, Nr. 1 (September 2020): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x20949384.
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Translational choices in New Testament translation appear to be influenced far more strongly by the Latin tradition and Martin Luther’s towering translation than hitherto acknowledged. This contribution uses examples from the synoptic gospels to trace the influence of Martin Luther, the Vulgate, Erasmus and the Old Latin version of the New Testament in current dictionaries like the Bauer/Aland and BDAG.
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Golston, Chris. „Syntax outranks phonology: evidence from Ancient Greek“. Phonology 12, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1995): 343–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700002554.
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What influence do syntax and phonology have on one another ? Two types of answer to this question appear in the literature. The consensus view is probably best expressed by Zwicky & Pullum (1986) (see also Myers 1987; Vogel & Kenesei 1990), who claim that the relation is one-way: although phonological phrasing above the word is affected by syntactic structure, syntax itself is phonology-free.
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Showerman, Earl. „A Century of Scholarly Neglect: Shakespeare and Greek Drama“. Journal of Scientific Exploration 37, Nr. 2 (11.08.2023): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20233109.
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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a number of Shakespeare scholars, including Israel Gollancz (1894), H.R.D. Anders (1904), J. Churton Collins (1904), and Gilbert Murray (1914) wrote convincingly of Shakespeare’s debt to classical Greek drama. However, in the century since, most scholars and editors have repeatedly held that Shakespeare was not familiar with Greek drama. In Classical Mythology in Shakespeare (1903), Robert Kilburn Root expressed the opinion on Shakespeare’s ‘lesse Greek’ that presaged this enduring dismissal: “It is at any rate certain that he nowhere alludes to any characters or episodes of Greek drama, that they extended no influence whatsoever on his conception of mythology.” (p. 6) This century-long consensus against Attic dramatic influence was reinforced by A.D. Nutall, who wrote, “that Shakespeare was cut off from Greek poetry and drama is probably a bleak truth that we should accept.” (Nutall, 2004, p.210) Scholars have preferred to maintain that Plutarch or Ovid were Shakespeare’s surrogate literary mediators for the playwright’s adaptations from Greek myth and theatre. Other scholars, however, have questioned these assumptions, including Laurie Maguire, who observed that “invoking Shakespeare’s imagined conversations in the Mermaid tavern is not a methodology likely to convince skeptics that Shakespeare knew Greek drama.” (p. 98) This near-universal rejection of Greek drama as Shakespeare sources have profound philological implications. Indeed, this essay argues that the proscription against recognizing the Attic canon as an influence in Shakespeare has been driven by the belief that Will Shakspere of Stratford had, at most, an education that was Latin-based. The examples show that the real author had to have been exposed to both the Greek language and the Greek dramatists. Evidence for alternative candidates, including Edward de Vere, shows that many were schooled in Greek and that some even collected and supported translations of Greek works. It is my contention that Shakespeare’s dramatic imagination was actually fired by the Greeks, and Shakespeare research has clearly suffered from a century of denial.