Dissertationen zum Thema „Infections à pneumocoque – Thérapeutique“
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Launay, Christel. „Utilisation des antibiotiques dans les infections des enfants : place d'une nouvelle substance, le linézolide, en médecine de ville“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTOURNEMIRE, ALAIN. „Infections materno-foetales a haemophilus et pneumocoques“. Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbsi, Léna. „Contribution au dosage des anticorps antipneumolysine“. Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLalin, Pascale. „Les arthrites à pneumocoques“. Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAUXENFANTS, MAILLE SABINE, und GAUMETON CAROLINE TOURSEL. „Les infections a pneumocoque de l'adulte : etude retrospective a propos de 74 cas : 1988-1991“. Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoux, Céline. „Etude rétrospective de 29 infections invasives à S. Pneumoniae au CHU de Bordeaux“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCosta, Charlotte. „Immunothérapie des pneumonies bactériennes résistantes aux antibiotiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStreptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is the primary cause of community-acquired pneumonia, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five and elderly. Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment; however, increasing resistance to amoxicillin complicates the treatment of these infections and exacerbates this public health issue. Boosting innate immunity, which mobilizes various antimicrobial defense mechanisms and is rapidly activated, is a promising strategy to overcome this issue. An immunotherapy has been developed that combines the standard of care amoxicillin treatment with inhaled flagellin, an agonist of Toll-like receptor 5, which stimulates innate immunity. This combination treatment has proven superior efficacy in mouse pneumonia model compared to antibiotic alone, by reducing bacterial load in the lungs, limiting systemic dissemination and increasing survival rate. The efficacy of the combined therapy with amoxicillin and flagellin was observed in primary pneumonia or superinfection of flu, using either amoxicillin-sensitive or -resistant strains. The combination therapy enhances the innate immune response by significantly increasing neutrophil recruitment into the airways and boosting the production of immune mediators compared to amoxicillin alone. The first objective of my thesis was to investigate the impact of the combination therapy on the selection of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, a mouse coinfection model using isogenic amoxicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains was established. The study shows that flagellin allows for a 200-fold reduction in the required antibiotic dose while maintaining the same efficacy as the antibiotic alone. Furthermore, the adapted mouse coinfection model mimicking antibiotic resistance selection following antibiotic therapy showed that adjunct flagellin treatment reduces and delays the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compared to antibiotic treatment alone. These findings suggest that combining amoxicillin with flagellin not only enhances therapeutic efficacy but also mitigates the development of antibiotic resistance. In addition, a mathematical model was developed that captured the lung infection population dynamics, estimating a 20-fold enhancement in the immunomodulatory effect of flagellin on bacterial clearance. The second objective of my thesis was to explore the immune mechanisms underlying the therapy-induced protective effects. Transcriptomic analysis of infected lung tissue revealed that flagellin treatment enhances pathways related to myeloid cell infiltration and antimicrobial functions in the airways. My findings also show that the therapeutic efficacy relies significantly on neutrophils, which are mobilized early and transiently into the airways. These neutrophils were specifically localized at the periphery of bronchi, alveoli, and lung vessels and displayed an increased phagocytic activity. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed high heterogeneity in neutrophil population with six distinct subsets. Flagellin appears to reprogram recruited neutrophils towards antibacterial profile, contributing to the treatment's efficacy. In conclusion, this work identified the neutrophils as key effectors of protection and potential targets for host-directed therapy, given their plasticity and reprogramming in response to treatment
Polidori, Fabiani Isabelle. „Les infections a streptococcus pneumoniae chez les sujets seropositifs vih“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNivoix, Yasmine. „Infections fongiques invasives : épidémiologie et optimisation thérapeutique“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA2006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNahum, Joseph. „Thérapeutique des infections à Herpes simplex virus“. Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDanve, Émilie. „Caractérisation et immunogénicité de l'antigène capsulaire polysaccharidique de Streptococcus pneumoniae de type 5 dans un vaccin conjugué“. Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConjugate vaccines are developed to project infants against pneumococcal infections. These vaccines are composed of polysaccharides from different serotypes coupled to carrier proteins. We focused on pneumococcal type 5 polysaccharide (PSPn5) conjugated to tetanus toxoid by reductive amination. Structural analysis (RMN, HPAEC-PAD) showed a modification of PSPn5 that occurred during amination. These modification was identified as the reduction of the 2-acétamido-2,6-désoxyhexo-4ulose (Sug) (one of the five monosaccharides constituting the repeating unit of PSPn5) in β-D-fucosamine and the modification of Sug in a X compound. Structural analysis of aminated PSPn5 didn’t permit to elucidate X compound structure. Reductive amination conditions have been optimized to limit structural modifications of PSPn5 in the conjugate. In order to evaluate PSPn5 structural modifications influence on conjugate immunogenicity, three different conjugated were synthesized with : classically aminated PSPn5, PSPn5 aminated under optimized conditions and PSPn5 totally reduced before amination. Immunological study in rabbits demonstrated that the three conjugates are immunogenic and induce functional antibodies, but it has been evidenced that reduced PSPn5 conjugate and optimize aminated PSPn5 conjugate exhibit the same immunogenicity whereas X compound presence alters immunogenicity of classically animated PSPn5 conjugate
Vibet, Marie-Anne. „Usage des anti-infectieux et infections invasives à pneumocoque en France, étude d'associations temporelles“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T093/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStreptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of communitary-acquired pneumococcal invasive infections worldwide. Recent surveys studied the association between pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic consumption. Reducing antibiotic consumption migth reduce pneumococcal carriage. In France, a national campaign was launched in 2002 in order to reduce antibiotic consumption mainly in the community. In 2003, the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced and recommanded for to children in order to reduce the risk of invasive pneumococcal infections. In this contexte, it is worth investigating the evolution of communitary-acquired pneumococcal invasive infections in France.When examining the association between two monthly time series data with some common seasonal pattern, we are faced with the problem of eliminating this seasonal variation. Indeed this common seasonal feature will act as a confounder if not removed. Even if several methods exist, such as the use of semi-parametric or trigonometric functions, no optimal method has been yet identified. Hence, we compared performances of available smoothing approaches to estimate a temporal link between two series using extensive simulations. The linear regression usually used to estimate the link between two time series is based on the hypothesis of a linear link. However, such a link might not be linear when considering an association with an epidemic time series. In order to check whether this linear model can also manage non linear relationships, a simulation study was also settled. Finally, from these simulation studies, we identified strategies that where implemented to estimate the association between community-acquired pneumococcal invasive infections and antibiotic exposure
Laurichesse, Henri. „Infections a pneumocoques et pneumonies aigues communautaires : implications therapeutiques et vaccinales (doctorat : maladies infectieuses et tropicales)“. Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF1MM07.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSIME, FONGA-DJIMI HORTENSE. „Infections graves a pneumocoque en pediatrie : etude retrospective de 1989-1991 a la polyclinique pediatrique de calmette“. Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M249.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Gouëllec Audrey. „Étude d’un complexe de trois protéines centrales de la division du pneumocoque : DivIB, DivIC et FtsL. Cible thérapeutique ?“ Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleS. Pneumoniae causes more than one million deaths per year worlwide. Understanding cell division, a vital process for bacteria, is important in order to find innovative therapeutic molecules. DivIB/FtsQ, DivIC/FtsB and FtsL are central proteins of the divisome assembly to the septum. We have demonstrated that they form an essential ternary complex for pneumococcal division. Contrary to both ftsL and divIC, divIB is not essential for viability and growth of S. Pneumoniae in rich medium. However, the divIB null mutant does not grow in chemically defined medium. In the absence of DivIB and protein synthesis, the partner FtsL is rapidly degraded, whereas other division proteins are not affected, pointing to a role of DivIB in stabilizing FtsL. This is further supported by the finding that an additional copy of ftsL restores growth of the divIB null mutant in defined medium. Functional mapping of the three distinct a, ß and gamma-domains of the extracellular region of DivIB revealed that a complete ß domain is required to fully rescue the deletion mutant. Most importantly, the deletion of divIB increases the susceptibility to ß-lactams, more evidently in resistant strain, suggesting a function in cell wall synthesis. DivIB would be a good target to restore the efficiency of the most used antibiotics in the world, the ß-lactams
Champagne, Marie-Ève. „Ré-infections avec Streptococcus pneumoniae : effet sur les réponses immunes innée et acquise lors d'une pneumonie à pneumocoque“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24858/24858.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChampagne, Marie-Eve. „Ré-infections avec Streptococcus pneumoniae : effet sur les réponses immunes innée et acquise lors d'une pneumonie à pneumocoque“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19368.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumas, Marie-Christine. „Rôle du monoxyde d'azote lors d'une pneumonie à pneumocoque. Effet bénéfique du nitroprusside de sodium“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24749/24749.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBahuaud, Mathilde. „Vaccination anti-pneumococcique chez les sujets à risque d'infections invasives à pneumocoques et prévention de l'hyporéponse Immunogenicity and persistence of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in patients with untreated smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM): a pilot study Immunogenicity and persistence of a prime-boost re-vaccination strategy for pneumococcal vaccines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Pneumococcal vaccination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter placebo-controlled randomized double-blind study Prevention of hyporesponsiveness by modulation of schedule and doses of pneumococcal vaccine immunization“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo vaccines are currently available for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD): a polysaccharide vaccine, Pneumovax® (PPV23) and a conjugate vaccine, Prevenar13® (PCV13), inducing protection against 23 and 13 serotypes, respectively. PPV23 is considered to be weakly immunogenic, particularly in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. PCV13, however, due to the conjugation to a carrier protein, has the advantage of inducing a T-dependent immune response, not observed with PPV23 vaccine. In our work, we therefore evaluated the impact of vaccine strategies using PCV13 and PPV23 on different populations of patients at risk of IPD. In a first study, our results on anti-pneumococcal vaccination in patients with smoldering myeloma (SMM) showed that a single dose of PCV13 induces a transient immune response and long term persistence. These results suggested the use of a vaccination schedule including several doses of PCV13 or association with the PPV23. Since 2013, this combined strategy of PCV13 and PPV23 is recommended by la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) for patients at risk, with the following delays: a dose of PCV13 followed by a dose of PPV23, 8 weeks later. We then studied this combined vaccine strategy in patients at risk of IPD: patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our results show a short-term immunogenicity of the combined strategy, but a protection that does not persist beyond two years. Surprisingly, antibody levels 2 years after vaccination are lower than pre-vaccine levels for RA patients. This negative effect of PPV23 on PCV13-induced immune response is called hyporesponsiveness. This phenomenon, observed in RA patients, is not found in SLE patients who received PPV23 vaccination at distance from PCV13. These results suggest that the delayed vaccination schedule (ie, PPV23 vaccination six months after PCV13 instead of two months) could inhibit the hyporesponsiveness phenomenon. In a third study, we compared different vaccine strategies modulating vaccine doses and injection times in healthy volunteers but also in a mouse model of hyporesponsiveness developed in our laboratory. Our hypothesis was that modulation of the vaccine schedule using both vaccines could both induce long-term protection and prevent hyporesponsiveness. Our results showed that decreased doses of PPV23 or concomitant injection of both vaccines did not prevent hyporesponsiveness. However, by increasing the delay between PCV13 and PPV23, the phenomenon of hyporesponsiveness is limited. Clinical studies in patients at risk of IPD are needed to evaluate a delayed combined strategy, where PPV23 would be received at least 6 to 12 months after PCV13
Delaunay, Isabelle. „La mucoviscidose : complications infectieuses pulmonaires : stratégies thérapeutiques médicale et chirurgicale, à propos de 4 observations d'adultes jeunes“. Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNdiaye, Abdoul Aziz. „Impact de la campagne d'immunisation de masse avec le vaccin polysaccharidique 23-valent sur la infections à pneumocoque au Nunavik“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23742/23742.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAziz, Ndiaye Abdoul. „Impact de la campagne d'immunisation de masse avec le vaccin polysaccharidique 23-valent sur les infections à pneumocoque au Nunavik“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18368.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJeannot, Anne-Cécile. „Diagnostic des infections grippales par PCR temps réel“. Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR2P040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZupanc, Kauss Tina. „Intérêt thérapeutique et formulation galénique des polyphénols dans le traitement des infections et inflammations“. Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21501.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImmune response can become a pathological process, leading to a joint matrix destruction in rheumatoid arthritis or to a chronic cachexia in African trypanosomosis. In both pathologies, new therapeutics are needed for a better patients care. Flavonols, non toxic vegetal compounds, could bring a therapeutic alternative in these diseases, but their anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic effects should be proved and/or characterized. We evaluated therefore the therapeutic potential of two flavonols, quercetin and rutin, in view of their use in human medicine. The effects of non toxic doses of flavonols on macrophage inflammatory mediators' gene transcription and protein expression were studied. In vitro inhibition of TNFα? il1β and NO was also confirmed on rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model, showing a correlation between clinical signs of inflammation (clinical scores and cachexia) and serum inflammatory mediators. In addition, quercetin and rutin trypanocidal effects were demonstrated and the kinetics and dose-response relationship studied. Furthermore, the in vitro trypanocydal effect of vitamin C was highlighted. In vivo studies should confirm the effectiveness of these molecules in African trupanosomosis. A first galenic approach was also conducted in order to improve the bioavailability and consequent therapeutic effects of flavonols
Berthelot, Philippe. „Exploration endoscopique et instrumentation thérapeutique comme sources d'infection respiratoire nosocomiale“. Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6411.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndron, Pascal. „Les infections à "Streptococcus pneumoniae" de 1984 à 1990 à l''hôpital Louis Mourier de Colombes : aspect épidémiologique et évolution de la résistance à la pénicilline“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArnaud, Isabelle. „Impact de recommandations locales pour la prise en charge des infections urinaires à l'hôpital“. Nantes, 2005. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f7424ffa-5de0-4700-86a2-377fcc95b799.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to assess the impact of local guidelines regarding the treatment of urinary tract infections, by analysing prescriptions quality and deviations from guidelines. The Medicine and Urology wards of the Nantes academic hospital participated to this before-and-after study. 1086 cases were collected. Overall, the ratio of correct prescriptions was 23,3% ; it was significantly reduced while guidelines were implemented (from 30,4% to 15,7% (p=0,002)). Deviations analyse is planned to generate targeted correcting actions (per pathology, or concerning physicians, coordination, education). Practise improvement methods as described in the literature look rather linear ; however, no systematic procedure seems to a priori insure any result ; running repeated targeted actions should probably be preferred
Maulner, Stéphanie. „Les endolysines de Clostridium difficile : Potentiel thérapeutique pour traiter les infections à C. difficile (ICD)“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVuillemard, Catherine. „Traitement des mycoses ophtalmiques, stratégie thérapeutique des kératomycoses et des endophtalmies à candida et aspergillus“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleScaramozzino, Natale. „Flavivirus : étude d'une cible diagnostique, la région NS codant pour la polymérase et d'une cible thérapeutique, la protéase NS3 du virus Langat“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE19004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlaviviruses are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality and may cause severe encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis, and febrile symptoms in vertebrates, including humans (. . . ). Different p-nitroanilide substrates, defined on canonic sequences for their susceptibility to Ser-protease, were applied to the proteolytic assays of the protein. The highest values were obtained from substrates containing an Arg or Lys (amino acid) residue at the P1 position. This purification method will facilitate the future development of reliable testing procedures for anti-proteases directed to NS3 proteins
Fattal, Elias. „Mise au point de nanoparticules et de liposomes chargés en ampicilline pour le traitement des infections intracellulaires“. Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesrosiers, Vincent. „Nouvelle avenue thérapeutique pour traiter une infection par le VIH-1“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31388.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMacrophages plays an important role in HIV-1 infection. These cells are suspected to act as a viral reservoir preventing complete virus eradication in infected individuals. Following a transcriptomic study, fifty genes were selected based upon their differential expression between non-infected, infected and bystander populations. One of those genes, coding for Gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH), an enzyme involved in folate metabolism, was upregulated rapidly after HIV-1 infection before returning to a basal state. We propose that in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), a low folate concentration may play a protective role by limiting nucleotide availability for HIV-1 during the process of infection. We have developed an experimental model based on MDM identification productively infected with a R5 tropism HIV-1 molecular clone expressing all viral genes and a small membrane murine protein (Heat Stable Antigen; HSA). This virus was used to infect MDM transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or exposed to chemical inhibitors. The purpose of those experiments was to assess the effect of genetic downregulation of important folate proteins during HIV-1 infection. Between 3 and 18 days post-infection, percentage of productively infected cells was evaluated with flow cytometry or ELISA targeting the viral capsid protein p24. Downregulation of important enzymes involved in intracellular folate retention (e.g. GGH, FPGS and MTHFR) increased the number of cells productively infected with HIV-1. Also, Raltitrexed (RTX), a specific inhibitor of Tymidylate Synthase (TYMS), was able to inhibit viral replication when used before infection. Those results show that an interplay between HIV-1 and folate cycle may play a decisive role in MDM susceptibility to virus infection.
Roux, Annabel. „Place de la stavudine dans le traitement de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonal-Saade, Catherine. „Infections congénitales à cytomégalovirus traitées par ganciclovir : à propos de deux observations“. Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWolf-Lissorgue, Marie-France. „Enquête de prévalence instantanée concernant l'infection et la thérapeutique anti-infectieuse à l'hôpital Broussais“. Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamel, Antoine. „Contributions cliniques et expérimentales à l'étude des infections ostéo-articulaires de l'enfant“. Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3b6abf04-b34c-4bc1-9331-23a7116d32df.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone and joint infection is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for pædiatric surgeon as it may be source of major functional sequellæ. Animal experimentation has contributed to evaluate new molecules active against community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and against emerging vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus strains. Development of new animal models has led to evaluate different modes of antbiotics administration and to assess surgical pratices used for managment of bone infections, with or without orthopædic device. Animal experimentation and a clinical study have also contributed to clarify the role of immobilization in the treatment of septic arthritis in children
Perraud, Aurélie. „Etude d'un ligand de haute affinité pour l'intégrase du VIH-1 : structure et mécanisme d'inhibition in vitro et ex vivo de l'oligodeoxynucleotide 93del“. Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21377.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection still remains a serious problem. Finding new antiretroviral is needed. Integrase (IN) is a potential therapeutical target. Selected by a combinatory strategy, oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 93del inhibits specifically in vitro activities of IN catalysed by different enzyme oligomeric forms. In solution, ODN 93del is structured in a dimeric G quartet. In a molecular docking model, it is able to fit in a cavity formed by a tetramer of IN. As integration is catalysed by this oligomer, IN tetrameric would be the target of inhibitors in infected cell. Moreover, 93del inhibits early steps of viral cycle ex vivo. Consequently, ODN 93del might be used as a model to find new inhibitors
Batard, Éric. „Apport de l’expérimentation au traitement des infections graves par les cocci à gram positif : corrélations in vitro – in vivo“. Nantes, 2005. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=78d9ed52-cc49-44f0-8777-7f52c7d75fba.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree distinct experimentations were led. First, we showed that the MIC of telithromycin for some strains of pneumococcus is higher when measured in CO2 than in ambient air. Telithromycin remains active in the murine sepsis against strains which are susceptible in ambient air and intermediate in CO2. Second, we did not find a correlation between the MIC and in vivo activity of teicoplanin against 9 strains of S. Epidermidis, whereas we found such a correlation for ciprofloxacin against the same strains. Third, we have found no synergy between quinupristin-dalfopristin and gentamicin against S. Aureus, in vitro and in the rabbit endocarditis model. From this data, we discuss the complexity of the relation between in vitro and in vivo activities of antibiotics
Morère, Lucie. „Modèles d’étude de nouvelles molécules anti-CMV dans le placenta“. Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5918fdc5-55ad-4723-8ba3-4ac184d40908/blobholder:0/2013LIMO310D.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerpes virus type 5 or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the first cause of congenital malformation infection. In the world, 1% of newborns are infected with this virus. Congenital HCMV infection is a major public health problem due to severe sequelae in the fetus and newborn (microcephaly, hepatomegaly, spontaneous abortion) and the absence of treatments. So far, mechanisms of transplacental transmission from mother to fetus remain to be elucidated. There are several molecules (ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, valaciclovir), currently used to treat CMV disease (retinitis, pneumonia. . ). These are all inhibitors of the viral polymerase pUL54, essential protein for virus replication in the host cell. These treatments often become ineffective due to the emergence of resistance mutations and are responsible for cellular toxicity, rendering them unsuitable for pregnant women. Our work consisted in develop two placental infection models that mimic in situ placental infection: an ex vivo model and an in vivo mouse model. These models on one hand mimic a way of spreading the virus in the floating villi of the placenta, and secondly, allowed to test the effectiveness of seven new anti-HCMV molecules. In order to reduce or eradicate the virus in cells and decrease the likelihood of emergence of resistance mutations, we opted for therapeutic combinations of these new molecules that target different stages of the viral replication of HCMV. Six of the seven selected molecules showed strong inhibition of HCMV infection in vitro and ex vivo capacity. Combination therapy improves the efficiency of each molecule administered alone, and can sometimes lead to an inhibition of infection of over 90%. Our results are very encouraging and show that the combination would be particularly interesting to study and develop therapeutic approach to eradicate HCMV in the host cell
Garreau, Romain. „Modélisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de la daptomycine dans les infections ostéoarticulaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDaptomycin is an antibiotic used in osteoarticular infections. Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of using doses >6mg/kg in these infections. However, information on the safety and efficacy of these doses in osteoarticular infections has been limited. Several risks of adverse effects remain, notably through interaction with other drugs such as rifampicin, or due to prolonged treatment. This thesis demonstrates that it is important to use higher dosages of daptomycin to treat osteoarticular infections, and that the risk of interaction with rifampicin is low. These studies also confirm the influence of gender on daptomycin clearance, which is 26% lower in women. It is therefore important to take gender into account when prescribing to limit toxicity in women and the risk of under-dosing in men. In addition, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic study showed that plasma and tissue concentrations were similar, confirming the diffusion hypotheses made in the pharmacodynamic simulations. Finally, a therapeutic range was established on a large cohort of patients who had experienced an adverse event. A therapeutic target with an area under the curve of between 666mg.h/L and 939 mg.h/L should be aimed at optimizing efficacy and minimizing the risk of adverse effects in patients treated with daptomycin
Dufour, Nicolas. „Phagothérapie et pneumonies acquises sous ventilation mécanique à Escherichia coli : une approche thérapeutique possible? : aspects fondamentaux et éléments de faisabilité“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYear after year, multi-drug resistant bacteria expand over the world and among alternative to antibiotics, phage therapy appears as one of the most promising approach. This work is dedicated to a feasibility approach in order to evaluate phage therapy potential in the most frequent and severe complication in the intensive care unit context: the ventilator-associated pneumonia. We focused on a commonly involved bacterium which is also highly affected by antibiotic resistance: Escherichia Starting from a large multicenter collection of strains (n=316) isolated from airways of mechanically ventilated patients, we showed that there was no practical impediment to get a phage collection able to target efficiently a large range of strains as we observed that 5 phages were able to cover 70% of the collection. We then experimentally demonstrated that two phages were able to rescue deadly infected mice in a murine pneumonia model. By using the bioluminescence imaging tool, we also observed that the kinetic of bacterial load decrease obtained with the phage treatment was as fast as the one obtained with a reference antibiotic. Finally, we concentrated on a specialized phage (LM33-P1) that turned out to be only able to infect 025b strains, a worrisome serotype in terms of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity. LM33-P1 was able to lyse 74% of 025b strains and its specificity was shown to be LPS-dependent. We also demonstrated that this phage was biologically active in vivo. These results provide new knowledge allowing the consideration of phage therapy development in the field of respiratory infections due to E. Coh, in the context of mechanical ventilation but not only
Schlegel, Laurent. „"Streptococcus pneumoniae" résistant à la pénicilline isolé du LCR et haut niveau de résistance aux aminosides : étude "in vitro" des cinétiques de bactéricidie des associations bêta-lactamines-aminosides“. Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlvarez, Eva. „Insertion de séquences peptidiques dans la protéine majeure de capside du papillomavirus de type 16 : application au ciblage pulmonaire de vecteurs dérivés et à la production d'un vaccin chimérique“. Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3310.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis related to the insertion of peptide sequences of L1 capsid protein in human papillomavirus (HPV) with like applications, the development of a candidate prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine anti-papillomavirus of type 16 and the modification of the tropism of pseudovirions of HPV16 to treat the mucoviscidose by gene therapy. We have constructed HPV16 L1/E7 chimeric virus-like particles in order to fight against the cancer of the cervix and we obtained a candidate anti-papillomavirus vaccine which protects the mice against the establishment from a positive tumour HPV. Three sequences of targeting of the airway cells were introduced into the L1 protein in order to target the transfer of gene towards the airway cells. The chimeric virus-like particles see their internalisation increased by the airway cells, suggesting that the insertion of sequences retargeting the tropism of pseudovirions to airway cells
Talbi, Patrice. „Macrolides et éradication de Hélicobacter pylori“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSourbé, Alain. „A propos d'un cas de maladie de Verneuil traité par disulone“. Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolas, Caroline. „Facteurs pharmacologiques impliqués dans l'échec thérapeutique aux inhibiteurs de la protéase du VIH-1“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22954.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoulègue, Cyril. „Synthèse d'analogues peptidiques de la chimiokine RANTES : une nouvelle approche dans le traitement des infections par VIH. Etude méthodologique des synthèses stéréosélectives de thiazolines“. Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoupias, Pauline. „Synthèse et étude d'analogues de sidérophores à large spectre antibactérien“. Thesis, Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work consisted in exploiting a new therapeutic strategy to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia pseudomallei, two Gram-negative bacteria particularly concerning. While P. aeruginosa, which is part of the ESKAPE bacteria, is responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections, B. pseudomallei, formerly classified in the Pseudomonas group, is involved in Whitmore's disease and is considered by the CDC as a potential bioterrorist weapon. These two pathogens have natural and acquired resistance to many antibiotics by efflux or via a lack of membrane permeability, which makes treatment difficult. Facing this health emergency, the use of the "Trojan Horse" strategy to vectorize antibiotics can help restore their activities. Iron is a micronutrient necessary for the survival of bacteria, but it is not very bioavailable due to its low solubility in water. To acquire it, many bacteria synthesize molecules of low molecular weight, called siderophores, capable of chelating the surrounding iron. The complexes formed are then recognized specifically by TonB-dependent receptors in order to transport iron within bacteria. Depending on their type, bacteria express different receptors recognizing their endogenous siderophores but also xenosiderophores or synthetic siderophores. The use of these different kinds of siderophores to carry an antibiotic or a toxic metal such as gallium into the bacteria has already led to promising results. The objectives of this PhD were to synthesize new siderophores of piperazine structure, new siderophore-antibiotic conjugates and toxic siderophore-gallium complexes. Physico-chemical and biological studies were also carried out in order to validate the interest of the structures chosen in anti-infectious chemotherapy
El, Dassouki Zeina. „Ciblage thérapeutique de l'oncoprotéine virale Tax dans les Leucémies/Lymphomes T de l'adulte (ATL) associées au retrovirus HTLV-I“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe HTLV-1 TAX Transactivator initiates transformation in adult T-cell leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive chemotherapy-resistant malignancy. The arsenic/Interferon combination, which triggers degradation of the tax oncoprotein, selectively precipates apoptosis of ATL cell lines and cures TAX-driven murine ATL. Yet, the role of tax loss in ATL response is disputed and the molecular mechanisms driving degradation remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that ATL-derived cells are addicted to continuous tax expression, implying that tax degradation underlies clinical responses to the arsenic/interferon combination in mice and patients. The latter enforces PML nuclear body (NB) formation and partner protein recruitment. In arsenic/interferon-treated ATL cells, TAX is recruited onto NBS, undergoes PML-dependent hyper-sumoylation by SUMO2/3,but not SUMO1, ubiquitination by RNF4 and proteasome-dependent degradation. Thus arsenic/Interferon is a targeted therapy of ATL, enforcing NB formation by arsenic/Interferon therapy could have broad therapeutic value to destroy pathogenic sumoylated proteins
Gauchet, Aurélie. „Les déterminants psychosociaux de l'observance thérapeutique chez les personnes infectées par le VIH : représentations et valeurs“. Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Gauchet.Aurelie.LMZ0501_1.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 1996 with the apparition of tritherapy, patients have to learn to live with their HIV and so with a chronic illness. Many publications have shown the importance of compliance (respect of medical prescription) with HIV patients. This study intends showing to which extent the compliance is influence by social and psychological variables significant. This research executed in 2002, gathered 127 HIV patients (aged from 18-65 years) which have filled up a questionnaire at the occasion of their quaterly consultation at the Metz Hospital (France). The subjects had to answer a French Compliance Scale (Tarquinio, Fisher Grégoire, 2000), the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ, Weinman), the Belief Medical Questionnaire (BMQ, Horne), a French Value System Scale (Fischer), a treatment satisfaction scale and sociodemographic variables. We made multidimensional analyses (PCA : Principal Component Analysis ; Multiple Regression Analysis, and Structural Equation), in order to show the principal variables subjacent to scales. Results reveal that the social and psychological variables significant as patients'believes, their values, environmental factors and physician-patient relation, influence compliance. The principal variables which affect compliance are patients' believes about treatment, satisfaction about treatment, confidence beside the physician, social support, duration of treatment and illness, and truthful communication. The results of this study will give to the physicians the possibility to adjust their advices and the treatments in taking into account those social and psychological variables significant, in order to increase the compliance of HIV patients