Dissertationen zum Thema „Infections à Burkholderia – Thérapeutique“
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Loupias, Pauline. „Synthèse et étude d'analogues de sidérophores à large spectre antibactérien“. Thesis, Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work consisted in exploiting a new therapeutic strategy to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia pseudomallei, two Gram-negative bacteria particularly concerning. While P. aeruginosa, which is part of the ESKAPE bacteria, is responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections, B. pseudomallei, formerly classified in the Pseudomonas group, is involved in Whitmore's disease and is considered by the CDC as a potential bioterrorist weapon. These two pathogens have natural and acquired resistance to many antibiotics by efflux or via a lack of membrane permeability, which makes treatment difficult. Facing this health emergency, the use of the "Trojan Horse" strategy to vectorize antibiotics can help restore their activities. Iron is a micronutrient necessary for the survival of bacteria, but it is not very bioavailable due to its low solubility in water. To acquire it, many bacteria synthesize molecules of low molecular weight, called siderophores, capable of chelating the surrounding iron. The complexes formed are then recognized specifically by TonB-dependent receptors in order to transport iron within bacteria. Depending on their type, bacteria express different receptors recognizing their endogenous siderophores but also xenosiderophores or synthetic siderophores. The use of these different kinds of siderophores to carry an antibiotic or a toxic metal such as gallium into the bacteria has already led to promising results. The objectives of this PhD were to synthesize new siderophores of piperazine structure, new siderophore-antibiotic conjugates and toxic siderophore-gallium complexes. Physico-chemical and biological studies were also carried out in order to validate the interest of the structures chosen in anti-infectious chemotherapy
Biot, Fabrice. „Etude des mécanismes de résistance par efflux chez les burkholderia pathogènes“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBurkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are respectively the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders. To determine whether treatment failures were due to the emergence of acquired resistance during antibiotic treatment, we selected strains of B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and Burkholderia thailandensis, used as a study model of these two pathogenic bacteria, with structurally unrelated antibiotics: chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. We showed that Burkholderia were able to develop multidrug resistance in vitro in response to each of theses antibiotics used in the oral treatment of melioidosis and glanders. To understand the resistance mechanisms involved, we studied the molecular and genetic aspects of resistance in B. thailandensis by proteomic and transcriptomic methods. We have developed a method to quantify efflux pumps gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR after normalization with several reference genes. These methods allowed us to identify sequential overproduction of three RND efflux pumps: BpeAB-OprB, AmrAB-OprA and BpeEF-OprC, all induced by chloramphenicol or doxycycline in multiresistant strains. The study of mutants respectively defective in one of these efflux pumps has allowed us to better understand the close relationship between these three pumps and confirmed that active efflux acted as a major mechanism involved in the induced resistance
Nahum, Joseph. „Thérapeutique des infections à Herpes simplex virus“. Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNivoix, Yasmine. „Infections fongiques invasives : épidémiologie et optimisation thérapeutique“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA2006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePilatova, Martina. „Infections of Drosophila melanogaster with pathogens : Mycobacterium marinum and Burkholderia thailandensis“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/infections-of-drosophila-melanogaster-with-pathogens(e7aa5890-68d4-470d-8c16-58dbc6a7036a).html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelaunay, Isabelle. „La mucoviscidose : complications infectieuses pulmonaires : stratégies thérapeutiques médicale et chirurgicale, à propos de 4 observations d'adultes jeunes“. Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJeannot, Anne-Cécile. „Diagnostic des infections grippales par PCR temps réel“. Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR2P040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZupanc, Kauss Tina. „Intérêt thérapeutique et formulation galénique des polyphénols dans le traitement des infections et inflammations“. Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21501.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImmune response can become a pathological process, leading to a joint matrix destruction in rheumatoid arthritis or to a chronic cachexia in African trypanosomosis. In both pathologies, new therapeutics are needed for a better patients care. Flavonols, non toxic vegetal compounds, could bring a therapeutic alternative in these diseases, but their anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic effects should be proved and/or characterized. We evaluated therefore the therapeutic potential of two flavonols, quercetin and rutin, in view of their use in human medicine. The effects of non toxic doses of flavonols on macrophage inflammatory mediators' gene transcription and protein expression were studied. In vitro inhibition of TNFα? il1β and NO was also confirmed on rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model, showing a correlation between clinical signs of inflammation (clinical scores and cachexia) and serum inflammatory mediators. In addition, quercetin and rutin trypanocidal effects were demonstrated and the kinetics and dose-response relationship studied. Furthermore, the in vitro trypanocydal effect of vitamin C was highlighted. In vivo studies should confirm the effectiveness of these molecules in African trupanosomosis. A first galenic approach was also conducted in order to improve the bioavailability and consequent therapeutic effects of flavonols
Berthelot, Philippe. „Exploration endoscopique et instrumentation thérapeutique comme sources d'infection respiratoire nosocomiale“. Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6411.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaulner, Stéphanie. „Les endolysines de Clostridium difficile : Potentiel thérapeutique pour traiter les infections à C. difficile (ICD)“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArnaud, Isabelle. „Impact de recommandations locales pour la prise en charge des infections urinaires à l'hôpital“. Nantes, 2005. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f7424ffa-5de0-4700-86a2-377fcc95b799.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to assess the impact of local guidelines regarding the treatment of urinary tract infections, by analysing prescriptions quality and deviations from guidelines. The Medicine and Urology wards of the Nantes academic hospital participated to this before-and-after study. 1086 cases were collected. Overall, the ratio of correct prescriptions was 23,3% ; it was significantly reduced while guidelines were implemented (from 30,4% to 15,7% (p=0,002)). Deviations analyse is planned to generate targeted correcting actions (per pathology, or concerning physicians, coordination, education). Practise improvement methods as described in the literature look rather linear ; however, no systematic procedure seems to a priori insure any result ; running repeated targeted actions should probably be preferred
Mesureur, Jennifer. „Réponse de l'hôte et virulence bactérienne durant une infection aiguë ou persistante causée par le complexe Burkholderia cepacia chez l'embryon de poisson-zèbre (Danio rerio)“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBacteria belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) can cause chronic infection with periods of acute exacerbation and sometimes fatal necrotizing pneumonia (“cepacia syndrome”) in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), and are associated with poor prognosis. Here, we exploited the exciting possibilities for in vivo non-invasive imaging of Bcc infection in transparent zebrafish embryos, with an innate immune system with remarkable similarity to that of humans, and numerous genetic and genomic tools to study the role of host phagocytes and the innate immune response in the pro-inflammatory character of the infection.We show that macrophages play a critical role in intracellular multiplication of B. cenocepacia K56-2 and induction of a MyD88-dependent fatal inflammatory response, characterised by high levels of cxcl8 and il1b expression. Surprisingly, in sharp contrast to the situation found for infections with other pathogens including Mycobacterium marinum and Staphylococcus aureus, in the absence of macrophages, K56-2 survived but was unable to replicate in the first 24 h, which resulted in a significant pro-survival advantage to the host compared to wild type embryos that died within 2 to 3 days. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway is a major arm of the cell-mediated innate immune response with MyD88 as a key adaptor protein involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that the absence of MyD88 also provided a pro-survival effect to the embryos after infection with K56-2. Paradoxically, the bacteria replicated better in myd88-/- mutant than wild type embryos, suggesting that it is not bacterial burden per se, but the inflammatory response that kills the embryos. Interestingly, cxcl8 and il1b expression were not significantly induced during the first 7 hours in the myd88-/- mutant while a strong induction was seen in control embryos, suggesting that a Myd88-dependent inflammatory response during early macrophage stages significantly contributes to fatal infection.Next, we performed RNAseq to analyse global changes in host gene expression during acute and persistent infection induced by K56-2 and B. stabilis LMG14294 respectively. Whereas acute infection was characterised by strong modulation of host gene expression increasing over time, persistent infection showed modulation of only a small set of genes. TLR and apoptosis signaling pathways were amongst the strongly activated groups during acute infection, in line with the strong inflammatory character of K56-2. During persistent infection, the major differentially expressed gene set concerned genes encoding complement proteins. The critical role for macrophages in Bcc infection in zebrafish is in agreement with recent clinical observations. We suggest that the intracellular stages of B. cenocepacia and the ensuing inflammatory response are essential targets to explore for the development of new therapies to combat this infection
Scaramozzino, Natale. „Flavivirus : étude d'une cible diagnostique, la région NS codant pour la polymérase et d'une cible thérapeutique, la protéase NS3 du virus Langat“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE19004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlaviviruses are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality and may cause severe encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, hepatitis, and febrile symptoms in vertebrates, including humans (. . . ). Different p-nitroanilide substrates, defined on canonic sequences for their susceptibility to Ser-protease, were applied to the proteolytic assays of the protein. The highest values were obtained from substrates containing an Arg or Lys (amino acid) residue at the P1 position. This purification method will facilitate the future development of reliable testing procedures for anti-proteases directed to NS3 proteins
Vuillemard, Catherine. „Traitement des mycoses ophtalmiques, stratégie thérapeutique des kératomycoses et des endophtalmies à candida et aspergillus“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFattal, Elias. „Mise au point de nanoparticules et de liposomes chargés en ampicilline pour le traitement des infections intracellulaires“. Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesrosiers, Vincent. „Nouvelle avenue thérapeutique pour traiter une infection par le VIH-1“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31388.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMacrophages plays an important role in HIV-1 infection. These cells are suspected to act as a viral reservoir preventing complete virus eradication in infected individuals. Following a transcriptomic study, fifty genes were selected based upon their differential expression between non-infected, infected and bystander populations. One of those genes, coding for Gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase (GGH), an enzyme involved in folate metabolism, was upregulated rapidly after HIV-1 infection before returning to a basal state. We propose that in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), a low folate concentration may play a protective role by limiting nucleotide availability for HIV-1 during the process of infection. We have developed an experimental model based on MDM identification productively infected with a R5 tropism HIV-1 molecular clone expressing all viral genes and a small membrane murine protein (Heat Stable Antigen; HSA). This virus was used to infect MDM transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or exposed to chemical inhibitors. The purpose of those experiments was to assess the effect of genetic downregulation of important folate proteins during HIV-1 infection. Between 3 and 18 days post-infection, percentage of productively infected cells was evaluated with flow cytometry or ELISA targeting the viral capsid protein p24. Downregulation of important enzymes involved in intracellular folate retention (e.g. GGH, FPGS and MTHFR) increased the number of cells productively infected with HIV-1. Also, Raltitrexed (RTX), a specific inhibitor of Tymidylate Synthase (TYMS), was able to inhibit viral replication when used before infection. Those results show that an interplay between HIV-1 and folate cycle may play a decisive role in MDM susceptibility to virus infection.
Roux, Annabel. „Place de la stavudine dans le traitement de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonal-Saade, Catherine. „Infections congénitales à cytomégalovirus traitées par ganciclovir : à propos de deux observations“. Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWolf-Lissorgue, Marie-France. „Enquête de prévalence instantanée concernant l'infection et la thérapeutique anti-infectieuse à l'hôpital Broussais“. Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBatard, Éric. „Apport de l’expérimentation au traitement des infections graves par les cocci à gram positif : corrélations in vitro – in vivo“. Nantes, 2005. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=78d9ed52-cc49-44f0-8777-7f52c7d75fba.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree distinct experimentations were led. First, we showed that the MIC of telithromycin for some strains of pneumococcus is higher when measured in CO2 than in ambient air. Telithromycin remains active in the murine sepsis against strains which are susceptible in ambient air and intermediate in CO2. Second, we did not find a correlation between the MIC and in vivo activity of teicoplanin against 9 strains of S. Epidermidis, whereas we found such a correlation for ciprofloxacin against the same strains. Third, we have found no synergy between quinupristin-dalfopristin and gentamicin against S. Aureus, in vitro and in the rabbit endocarditis model. From this data, we discuss the complexity of the relation between in vitro and in vivo activities of antibiotics
Perraud, Aurélie. „Etude d'un ligand de haute affinité pour l'intégrase du VIH-1 : structure et mécanisme d'inhibition in vitro et ex vivo de l'oligodeoxynucleotide 93del“. Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21377.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection still remains a serious problem. Finding new antiretroviral is needed. Integrase (IN) is a potential therapeutical target. Selected by a combinatory strategy, oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 93del inhibits specifically in vitro activities of IN catalysed by different enzyme oligomeric forms. In solution, ODN 93del is structured in a dimeric G quartet. In a molecular docking model, it is able to fit in a cavity formed by a tetramer of IN. As integration is catalysed by this oligomer, IN tetrameric would be the target of inhibitors in infected cell. Moreover, 93del inhibits early steps of viral cycle ex vivo. Consequently, ODN 93del might be used as a model to find new inhibitors
Hamel, Antoine. „Contributions cliniques et expérimentales à l'étude des infections ostéo-articulaires de l'enfant“. Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3b6abf04-b34c-4bc1-9331-23a7116d32df.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBone and joint infection is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for pædiatric surgeon as it may be source of major functional sequellæ. Animal experimentation has contributed to evaluate new molecules active against community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and against emerging vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus strains. Development of new animal models has led to evaluate different modes of antbiotics administration and to assess surgical pratices used for managment of bone infections, with or without orthopædic device. Animal experimentation and a clinical study have also contributed to clarify the role of immobilization in the treatment of septic arthritis in children
Dufour, Nicolas. „Phagothérapie et pneumonies acquises sous ventilation mécanique à Escherichia coli : une approche thérapeutique possible? : aspects fondamentaux et éléments de faisabilité“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYear after year, multi-drug resistant bacteria expand over the world and among alternative to antibiotics, phage therapy appears as one of the most promising approach. This work is dedicated to a feasibility approach in order to evaluate phage therapy potential in the most frequent and severe complication in the intensive care unit context: the ventilator-associated pneumonia. We focused on a commonly involved bacterium which is also highly affected by antibiotic resistance: Escherichia Starting from a large multicenter collection of strains (n=316) isolated from airways of mechanically ventilated patients, we showed that there was no practical impediment to get a phage collection able to target efficiently a large range of strains as we observed that 5 phages were able to cover 70% of the collection. We then experimentally demonstrated that two phages were able to rescue deadly infected mice in a murine pneumonia model. By using the bioluminescence imaging tool, we also observed that the kinetic of bacterial load decrease obtained with the phage treatment was as fast as the one obtained with a reference antibiotic. Finally, we concentrated on a specialized phage (LM33-P1) that turned out to be only able to infect 025b strains, a worrisome serotype in terms of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity. LM33-P1 was able to lyse 74% of 025b strains and its specificity was shown to be LPS-dependent. We also demonstrated that this phage was biologically active in vivo. These results provide new knowledge allowing the consideration of phage therapy development in the field of respiratory infections due to E. Coh, in the context of mechanical ventilation but not only
Morère, Lucie. „Modèles d’étude de nouvelles molécules anti-CMV dans le placenta“. Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5918fdc5-55ad-4723-8ba3-4ac184d40908/blobholder:0/2013LIMO310D.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerpes virus type 5 or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the first cause of congenital malformation infection. In the world, 1% of newborns are infected with this virus. Congenital HCMV infection is a major public health problem due to severe sequelae in the fetus and newborn (microcephaly, hepatomegaly, spontaneous abortion) and the absence of treatments. So far, mechanisms of transplacental transmission from mother to fetus remain to be elucidated. There are several molecules (ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, valaciclovir), currently used to treat CMV disease (retinitis, pneumonia. . ). These are all inhibitors of the viral polymerase pUL54, essential protein for virus replication in the host cell. These treatments often become ineffective due to the emergence of resistance mutations and are responsible for cellular toxicity, rendering them unsuitable for pregnant women. Our work consisted in develop two placental infection models that mimic in situ placental infection: an ex vivo model and an in vivo mouse model. These models on one hand mimic a way of spreading the virus in the floating villi of the placenta, and secondly, allowed to test the effectiveness of seven new anti-HCMV molecules. In order to reduce or eradicate the virus in cells and decrease the likelihood of emergence of resistance mutations, we opted for therapeutic combinations of these new molecules that target different stages of the viral replication of HCMV. Six of the seven selected molecules showed strong inhibition of HCMV infection in vitro and ex vivo capacity. Combination therapy improves the efficiency of each molecule administered alone, and can sometimes lead to an inhibition of infection of over 90%. Our results are very encouraging and show that the combination would be particularly interesting to study and develop therapeutic approach to eradicate HCMV in the host cell
Alvarez, Eva. „Insertion de séquences peptidiques dans la protéine majeure de capside du papillomavirus de type 16 : application au ciblage pulmonaire de vecteurs dérivés et à la production d'un vaccin chimérique“. Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3310.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy thesis related to the insertion of peptide sequences of L1 capsid protein in human papillomavirus (HPV) with like applications, the development of a candidate prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine anti-papillomavirus of type 16 and the modification of the tropism of pseudovirions of HPV16 to treat the mucoviscidose by gene therapy. We have constructed HPV16 L1/E7 chimeric virus-like particles in order to fight against the cancer of the cervix and we obtained a candidate anti-papillomavirus vaccine which protects the mice against the establishment from a positive tumour HPV. Three sequences of targeting of the airway cells were introduced into the L1 protein in order to target the transfer of gene towards the airway cells. The chimeric virus-like particles see their internalisation increased by the airway cells, suggesting that the insertion of sequences retargeting the tropism of pseudovirions to airway cells
Talbi, Patrice. „Macrolides et éradication de Hélicobacter pylori“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSourbé, Alain. „A propos d'un cas de maladie de Verneuil traité par disulone“. Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolas, Caroline. „Facteurs pharmacologiques impliqués dans l'échec thérapeutique aux inhibiteurs de la protéase du VIH-1“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22954.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoulègue, Cyril. „Synthèse d'analogues peptidiques de la chimiokine RANTES : une nouvelle approche dans le traitement des infections par VIH. Etude méthodologique des synthèses stéréosélectives de thiazolines“. Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLachat, Joy. „Identification des facteurs de résistance aux peptides antimicrobiens et de colonisation de l’insecte Riptortus pedestris chez la bactérie symbiotique Burkholderia insecticola“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS274.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe phytophagous insect Riptortus pedestris, belonging to the Heteroptera suborder, is a notorious crop pest in South-Eastern Asia which feeds preferentially on soybean plants. This bean bug is associated with a bacterial symbiont, a specific Burkholderia species named Burkholderia insecticola, located in the M4 region of the insect’s midgut. This M4 region is organized in crypts and constitutes the symbiotic organ where the symbiont proliferates extracellularly. This interaction promotes the growth and the development of the bean bug. Recently, it was demonstrated that Riptortus produces antimicrobial peptides in the midgut crypts called crypt-specific cysteine-rich peptides (CCR) for which the bacterial symbiont demonstrates a high resistance profile. It was proposed that host antimicrobial peptides, including the CCR peptides, contribute to the specific colonization of the symbiotic organ by B. insecticola. In this work, a Tn-seq approach was used to find bacterial fitness genes involved in antimicrobial peptide resistance and symbiosis. First, the robustness of the Tn-seq method was assessed by identifying the essential genome of B. insecticola. Second, the bacterial factors for antimicrobial peptide resistance were characterized, based on both a candidate-gene and the Tn-seq approach. Finally, a Tn-seq in vivo experiment was performed to reveal the infection bottleneck effect on the symbiotic population and to identify the bacterial symbiosis factors for the colonization of R. pedestris
El, Dassouki Zeina. „Ciblage thérapeutique de l'oncoprotéine virale Tax dans les Leucémies/Lymphomes T de l'adulte (ATL) associées au retrovirus HTLV-I“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe HTLV-1 TAX Transactivator initiates transformation in adult T-cell leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), a highly aggressive chemotherapy-resistant malignancy. The arsenic/Interferon combination, which triggers degradation of the tax oncoprotein, selectively precipates apoptosis of ATL cell lines and cures TAX-driven murine ATL. Yet, the role of tax loss in ATL response is disputed and the molecular mechanisms driving degradation remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that ATL-derived cells are addicted to continuous tax expression, implying that tax degradation underlies clinical responses to the arsenic/interferon combination in mice and patients. The latter enforces PML nuclear body (NB) formation and partner protein recruitment. In arsenic/interferon-treated ATL cells, TAX is recruited onto NBS, undergoes PML-dependent hyper-sumoylation by SUMO2/3,but not SUMO1, ubiquitination by RNF4 and proteasome-dependent degradation. Thus arsenic/Interferon is a targeted therapy of ATL, enforcing NB formation by arsenic/Interferon therapy could have broad therapeutic value to destroy pathogenic sumoylated proteins
Gauchet, Aurélie. „Les déterminants psychosociaux de l'observance thérapeutique chez les personnes infectées par le VIH : représentations et valeurs“. Metz, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2005/Gauchet.Aurelie.LMZ0501_1.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 1996 with the apparition of tritherapy, patients have to learn to live with their HIV and so with a chronic illness. Many publications have shown the importance of compliance (respect of medical prescription) with HIV patients. This study intends showing to which extent the compliance is influence by social and psychological variables significant. This research executed in 2002, gathered 127 HIV patients (aged from 18-65 years) which have filled up a questionnaire at the occasion of their quaterly consultation at the Metz Hospital (France). The subjects had to answer a French Compliance Scale (Tarquinio, Fisher Grégoire, 2000), the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ, Weinman), the Belief Medical Questionnaire (BMQ, Horne), a French Value System Scale (Fischer), a treatment satisfaction scale and sociodemographic variables. We made multidimensional analyses (PCA : Principal Component Analysis ; Multiple Regression Analysis, and Structural Equation), in order to show the principal variables subjacent to scales. Results reveal that the social and psychological variables significant as patients'believes, their values, environmental factors and physician-patient relation, influence compliance. The principal variables which affect compliance are patients' believes about treatment, satisfaction about treatment, confidence beside the physician, social support, duration of treatment and illness, and truthful communication. The results of this study will give to the physicians the possibility to adjust their advices and the treatments in taking into account those social and psychological variables significant, in order to increase the compliance of HIV patients
Daguzan, Charline. „Analyse des propriétés antivirales des lymphocytes T Vgamma9Vdelta2 humains : potentiel immuno-thérapeutique au cours des infections par le cytomégalovirus humain“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30241/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAminobisphosphonates (ABP) treatment of cells induces intracellular accumulation of molecules (IPP, ApppI) which stimulate human Vy9Vd2 T cells. Although these lymphocytes do not appear naturally activated during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, the laboratory demonstrated a synergistic effect of HCMV and ABP on Vy9Vd2 T cell activation. My PhD thesis aimed to analyze the mechanism of this synergy and evaluate the immunotherapeutic potential of ABP in the context of HCMV infection. After ABP treatment of cells in vitro, we showed that HCMV-infected cells strongly activated Vy9Vd2 T cells. ABP-treated fibroblasts activate Vy9Vd2 T cells to produce IFN-y but not TNF. The HCMV infection of these fibroblasts stimulates TNF secretion and an increased production of IFN-y, indicating that Vy9Vd2 cells can sense HCMV infection. Increased cytokine production was observed with Vy9Vd2 T cell lines and "fresh" Vy9Vd2 directly isolated of blood. Moreover, Vy9Vd2 T cell activation was observed with most HCMV strains (laboratory strains or clinical isolates) and different HCMV-permissive cells. We also showed that HCMV infection induces an overproduction of IPP and ApppI in ABP-treated cells, which explains in part the increased cytokine production by Vy9Vd2 T cells. At last, we demonstrated the capacity of Vy9Vd2 T cells to limit viral replication and production after ABP treatment while preserving uninfected cells. Our experiments indicate that this antiviral activity involves IFN-y and TNF secretion by Vy9Vd2 T cells but not their cytotoxicity activity. Consequently, my work provides a proof of concept of the therapeutic potential of ABP in the context of HCMV infection
Alhanout, Kamel. „Evaluation de l'activité antimicrobienne de nouveaux composés aminostéroïdiens dans le contexte de la mucoviscidose“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22954/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAminosterol derivatives (ASDs) such as squalamine and its analogs have demonstrated an interesting in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluated against bacterial and fungal reference strains and never against clinical and / or multiresistant pathogens. It was shown that squalamine acts against Gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the integrity of their outer membrane. Instead, its mechanism of action against Gram-positive bacteria has never been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was firstly to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of squalamine and two synthesized ASDs (ASD 1-2, Figure 1) against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and filamentous fungi isolated from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and yeasts involved in fungemia, and secondly to better understand their mechanism of action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We found that ASDs possess an interesting in vitro antibacterial activity which was more important against non-mucoid and/or colistin sensitive strains suggesting that a correlation exists between the activity of ASDs and that of colistin against Gram-negative bacteria. Despite this correlation, ASDs were more active against Gram-positive bacteria indicating the presence of two different mechanisms of action against both groups of bacteria. While classical antifungal agents showed heterogeneous activities against tested filamentous fungi and yeasts specie-dependent manner, ASDs presented homogeneous activities indicating that these molecules may possess a mechanism of action different from those reported with conventional antifungals. Thus, our preliminary data indicated that squalamine induced the disruption of yeast membrane, probably via a "mechanical" effect. Analysis of the antibacterial mechanism of action of squalamine has shown that this molecule acts by disrupting the integrity of bacterial membrane of Gram-negative bacteria via a detergent-like mode of action and by depolarizing the membrane of Grampositive leading to a total disruption of this membrane. Finally, the suitability of one of our compounds to be integrated in an aerosol formulation has been demonstrated
Dulin, Jacqueline. „Traitement des infections urinaires chez la personne agée : élaboration et évaluation d'un protocole d'antibiothérapie“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProcureur, Pascale. „Infections virales et radicaux libres oxygénés : intérêt du sélénium comme antioxydant“. Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePitel, Pierre-Hugues. „Approche immunologique et parasitologique de l'épidémiologie des infections émergentes bovines et équines A NEOSPORA sp. Et SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA en Basse-Normandie“. Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN3085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFontanet, Isabelle. „L'infection materno-fœtale : approche épidémiologique des unités de pathologie néonatale du Centre Hospitalier Régional de Bordeaux, approche thérapeutique (1992-1995)“. Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuran, Ségolène. „Symptômes et difficultés ressentis chez les patients infectés par le VIH initiant une multithérapie antirétrovirale et impact sur l'observance thérapeutique“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlfonso-Candela, Géma. „Etude de l'observance thérapeutique chez les patients infectés par le VIH sous traitement antiretroviral au centre Hospitalier de la Basse-Terre“. Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0313.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: We prepared a study observational troops, in whom we evaluate the various factors that influence the observance within the framework of the patients HIV and their antiretroviral treatment. As weil as the percentage of nonobservance and therapeutic failure of the patients followed to the Hospital of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Methods: the investigation related to 138 patients under antiretroviral treatment at least for 6 months, which answered a questionnaire of self-evaluation of the factors facilitators and barriers the observance. Results : The percentage of not-observance was estimated at 29,71 % and the found therapeutic failure was 45,65%. Various demographic factors, cultural and social that we evaluate explain this failure. Conclusion: To understand the factors associated with the observance in order to be able to increase it became a major stake of research like promoting the interventions of therapeutic education to make known with the patients their disease and their treatment, not only at the moment of initiation of the treatment but also throughout all treatment
Dreffier, Christelle. „Administration pulmonaire d'immunoglobulines dans le cadre de la prophylaxie des infections respiratoires du combattant : étude chez la souris infectée par influenza A de l'intérêt de formulations liposomales“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePulmonary administration of immunoglobulins is efficient against respiratory infections and can be used in urgent prevention situation, but is of short effect. The aim of this work was to determine how liposomal formulations would be able to prolong the prophylactic efficiency of Ig. Physico-chemical studies allowed to characterize Ig / liposomes interactions and showed that IgG adsorption onto liposomes was not saturable and induced vesicle destabilization above a threshold Ig / lipid ratio, probably in relation with the preferential adsorption of Ig aggregates. In vivo studies in mice infected by Influenza A and receiving IVIG formulations by endotracheal nebulization showed a lower efficiency of the liposome associated Ig than the free Ig one, likely due to an enhanced macrophagic clearance of the liposomes presenting Ig aggregates on their surface
Bottalico, Fabrice. „Antibiothérapie de première ligne du sujet adulte fébrile en aplasie prolongée : évaluation de l'association empirique céfépime-tobramycine en hématologie maligne, à propos de 140 cas“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesfarges, Sébastien. „Transport intracellulaire et intégration du VIH-1 : implication de l'intégrase rétrovirale“. Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21485.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHIV-1 integrase (IN) is the key enzyme catalyzing the proviral DNA integration step. In this study, we have shown that HIV-1 IN expressed as the sole retroviral protein in budding yeast S. Cerevisiae was sufficient to catalyze the complete integration of a DNA containing two viral LTRs into the nuclear genome. IUsing this model, we demonstrated the RAD51 dependent pathway of homologous recombination (HR) down regulates the integration activities catalyzed by IN both in vitro and in yeast. Moreover, the molecular bases of the HIV-1 retrotranscription complex (RTC) intracellular trafficking are still poorly understood. We report in yeast that IN accumulates at the Microtubule Organization Center (MTOC) before being imported into the nucleus A kinetic of IN movement in cells revealed that IN and Stu2p, a microtubule associated protein, co-migrated towards the nuclear periphery followed its nuclear import. Microtubules depolymerisation by nocodazole or IN expression in a Dyn2p deficient strain (dynein light chain 2, homologue to human LC8) prevented accumulation of IN near the nuclear envelope, inhibited its transport into the nucleus thereby blocking integration activity. Then, we confirmed that the transport mechanism of IN in human T cells, an HIV-1 permissive cell line, and yeast are very similar. Further these findings suggest that IN may play a role in the intracellular translocation of the RTC. To verify the obtained results in the viral context, we infected CD4-expressing HeLa cells with fluorescently labelled HIV pseudo-viruses. We used HIV pseudo-viruses either with wt IN or with mutated IN. Comparing the transport of the RTC toward the nuclear periphery we showed that IN mediated this translocation
Capdevila, Xavier. „Intérêt du lavage broncho alvéolaire pour le diagnostic et la conduite thérapeutique des pneumonies bactériennes associées à la ventilation mécanique“. Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMilhavet, Ollivier. „Conversion de la protéine du prion : approches thérapeutiques et fonctionnelles“. Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePréau, Marie. „Evaluation psychosociale de la qualité de vie des patients infectés par le VIH“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoloy, Jean-Charles. „Prise en charge de l'infection à VIH en milieu carcéral. Exemple de la maison d'arrêt de Bordeaux-Gradignan. Etude de la population concernée entre 1987 et 1994“. Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePacheco, Nieva Yovana. „Réponse immune cellulaire et thérapie de l'infection par le VIH“. Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=59e1f838-c420-42d8-b4a6-49b9bf87c144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring HIV infection antiretroviral tritherapy efficiently inhibits viral replication and restores CD4 counts in infected patients. Nevertheless treatment failure may occur. In this work, we investigated two different aspects of this problem : Firstly, HIV sequence variability may provoke the emergence of resistant viruses leading to virological failure. The fact that many drug resistance mutations in HIV fall within CTL epitopes suggests that the immune response play a role in inhibiting resistant virus. In order to address this question we analyzed the response against the RT181-189 epitope covering the Lamivudine resistance mutation, M184V in 34 HLA-A2+ HIV+ infected patients. We found that RT181-189 is frequently recognized by ART Naive patients and poorly recognized by patients with virological failure under Lamivudine treatment. Both viral load and viral sequence polymorphism were associated with the presence of a CTL response against RT181-189. Secondly, some patients may undergo immunological failure; the recovery of CD4+ T-cell counts is incomplete despite complete suppression of viral replication. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and an agonist of IL-15, RLI, on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients, in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these molecules on immune reconstitution. Overall our results indicate that the proliferative response of CD4+ T-cells to IL-7 is preserved, even in patients with low CD4+ T-cell counts, and that both IL-15 and RLI can induce homeostatic proliferation of CD4+ effector-memory T-cells. In, RLI did not show greatly increased potency compared to native IL-15
Badiou, Stéphanie. „Dyslipidémie chez le sujet infecté par le virus de l'immuno-déficience humaine : caractérisation, influence des traitements antirétroviraux et approche thérapeutique“. Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13512.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMatougui, Nada. „Development and characterization of antimicrobial peptides loaded lipid nanocapsules to treat bacterial infections“. Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rapid increase in drug-resistant infections presents an acute problem in the healthcare sector, generating interest in novel antimicrobial strategies. The aim of this work is to explore the potential of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) delivery. Firstly, the experiments were focused on the development and optimization of AMP-loaded LNCs. Different strategies were investigated to deliver AA230,LL37 and DPK060 using LNCs (peptides adsorption atthe surface or encapsulated in the core of modified LNCs). The results demonstrated an association efficiency of 20 to 40%, when peptide is adsorbed, and over 80% encapsulation efficiency, when peptides are encapsulated. The second part concerned the study ofthe influence of peptides loading on their activity and stability against proteases. The results showed that peptides adsorption induced a potentiation of the antimicrobial activity of the native peptides, with a partial protection against proteolytic degradation. Conversely, peptides encapsulation allowed better peptide stability, correlated with higher encapsulation efficiencies and a preservation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity. In a third part, the mechanisms involved in LNC/AMP interactions and the complex interaction with model bacterial membrane have been evaluated. It has shown that structure and flexibility at solid-liquid interfaces govern peptide adsorption on the surface of the LNCs, which in turn is expected to change LNCs properties and interaction with bacterial membranes. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of LNCto deliver AMPs as an alternative anti-infective therapy