Thematische Bibliographien / Infant burial

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Infant burial“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 24. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 3. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Infant burial"

Hausmair, Barbara. „Topographies of the afterlife: Reconsidering infant burials in medieval mortuary space“. Journal of Social Archaeology 17, Nr. 2 (24.04.2017): 210–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605317704347.

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Across societies, deaths which take place in early infancy often trigger distinctive responses in burial practices, signifying the ambivalent social status of those who died before they really lived. This paper focuses on burial practices in medieval Central Europe pertaining to children who died before, during or shortly after birth. It discusses the relationship between medieval laity, ecclesiastic power and social space, using three medieval cemeteries in Switzerland and Austria as examples. By integrating considerations of medieval practices of infant baptism, afterlife topography and social theories of space, a methodological and interpretative framework is outlined and employed for approaching burials of early-deceased infants, the social dimension of related local burial practices, and processes of power negotiation between medieval laypeople and church authorities.

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Akazawa, Takeru, Sultan Muhesen, Yukio Dodo, Osamu Kondo und Yuji Mizoguchi. „Neanderthal infant burial“. Nature 377, Nr. 6550 (Oktober 1995): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377585a0.

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Millett, Martin, und Rebecca Gowland. „Infant and Child Burial Rites in Roman Britain: a Study from East Yorkshire“. Britannia 46 (01.04.2015): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x15000100.

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AbstractThe discovery of infant burials on excavated domestic sites in Roman Britain is fairly common but in the past these burials have often been dismissed as a product of unceremonious disposal. There is a growing literature which considers the phenomenon, but it has been dominated by debates around the suggestion that these burials provide evidence for infanticide, with a focus on the osteological evidence for and against this hypothesis. There has been less systematic consideration of the archaeological context of such burials. In this paper we examine the excavated evidence of two large groups of such burials from sites in East Yorkshire which demonstrate that the burial of neonatal infants followed a careful age-specific funerary rite. We suggest that this conclusion further undermines the widespread assumption that infants were disposed of without ceremony and as a result of infanticide.

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Cannon, Aubrey, und Katherine Cook. „Infant Death and the Archaeology of Grief“. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, Nr. 2 (23.04.2015): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774315000049.

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To build a theoretical and empirical foundation for interpretation of the absence, segregation or simplicity of infant burials in archaeological contexts, we review social theories of emotion, inter-disciplinary views on the relationship between mortality rates and emotional investment, and archaeological interpretations of infant burial patterns. The results indicate a lack of explicit theory in most archaeological accounts and a general lack of consideration for individual variation and the process of change in mortuary practice. We outline the tenets of Bowlby's attachment theory and Stroebe and Schut's dual process model of bereavement to account theoretically for pattern, variation and change in modes of infant burial. We illustrate the value of this psychology-based perspective in an analysis of Victorian gravestone commemorations of infant burials in 35 villages in rural south Cambridgeshire, England, where individual and class-based variation, relative to falling mortality rates, is best explained as a function of coping strategies and contextually based social constraint on the overt representation of grief and loss.

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Murail, P., B. Maureille, D. Peresinotto und F. Geus. „An infant cemetery of the Classic Kerma period (1750–1500 BC, Island of Saï, Sudan)“. Antiquity 78, Nr. 300 (Juni 2004): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00112931.

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Excavation of a Classic Kerma cemetery in Sudan revealed a number of burials segregated by age, throwing into question a presumed disregard for the burial of the young. Burial rites were varied according to the age of the deceased and show a remarkable concern for the ritual burial of infants and the stillborn

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Valk, Jonathan. „“They Enjoy Syrup and Ghee at Tables of Silver and Gold”: Infant Loss in Ancient Mesopotamia“. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 59, Nr. 5 (07.11.2016): 695–749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341412.

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The present study draws on interdisciplinary research to establish an interpretative framework for an analysis of the material and textual evidence concerning infant loss in ancient Mesopotamia (c. 3000-500 bce). This approach rejects the notion that high infant mortality rates result in widespread parental indifference to infant loss, arguing instead that underlying biological and transcultural realities inform human responses to this phenomenon. With this conclusion in mind, a review of ancient Mesopotamian archaeological evidence reveals patterns of differential infant burial; while the interpretation of these patterns is uncertain, the broader contexts of infant burials in ancient Mesopotamia do not point to parental indifference, but rather the opposite. The available textual evidence in turn indicates that ancient Mesopotamians valued their infants, sought actively to protect them from harm, and mourned deeply when they died, a conclusion that is not controverted by evidence of infant exposure.

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Juengst, Sara L., Richard Lunniss, Abigail Bythell und Juan José Ortiz Aguilu. „Unique Infant Mortuary Ritual at Salango, Ecuador, 100 BC“. Latin American Antiquity 30, Nr. 4 (12.11.2019): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2019.79.

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The human head was a potent symbol for many South American cultures. Isolated heads were often included in mortuary contexts, representing captured enemies, revered persons, and symbolic “seeds.” At Salango, a ritual complex on the central coast of Ecuador, excavations revealed two burial mounds dated to approximately 100 BC. Among the 11 identified burials, two infants were interred with “helmets” made from the cranial vaults of other juveniles. The additional crania were placed around the heads of the primary burials, likely at the time of burial. All crania exhibited lesions associated with bodily stress. In this report, we present the only known evidence of using juvenile crania as mortuary headgear, either in South America or globally.

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Carroll, Maureen. „Infant death and burial in Roman Italy“. Journal of Roman Archaeology 24 (2011): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400003329.

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Crow, Madison, Colleen Zori und Davide Zori. „Doctrinal and Physical Marginality in Christian Death: The Burial of Unbaptized Infants in Medieval Italy“. Religions 11, Nr. 12 (17.12.2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11120678.

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The burial of unbaptized fetuses and infants, as seen through texts and archaeology, exposes friction between the institutional Church and medieval Italy’s laity. The Church’s theology of Original Sin, baptism, and salvation left the youngest children especially vulnerable to dying unbaptized and subsequently being denied a Christian burial in consecrated grounds. We here present textual and archaeological evidence from medieval Italy regarding the tensions between canon law and parental concern for the eternal salvation of their infants’ souls. We begin with an analysis of medieval texts from Italy. These reveal that, in addition to utilizing orthodox measures of appealing for divine help through the saints, laypeople of the Middle Ages turned to folk religion and midwifery practices such as “life testing” of unresponsive infants using water or other liquids. Although emergency baptism was promoted by the Church, the laity may have occasionally violated canon law by performing emergency baptism on stillborn infants. Textual documents also record medieval people struggling with where to bury their deceased infants, as per their ambiguous baptismal status within the Church community. We then present archaeological evidence from medieval sites in central and northern Italy, confirming that familial concern for the inclusion of infants in Christian cemeteries sometimes clashed with ecclesiastical burial regulations. As a result, the remains of unbaptized fetuses and infants have been discovered in consecrated ground. The textual and archaeological records of fetal and infant burial in medieval Italy serve as a material legacy of how laypeople interpreted and sometimes contravened the Church’s marginalizing theology and efforts to regulate the baptism and burial of the very young.

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Razzell, Peter. „Infant Mortality in London, 1538–1850: a Methodological Study“. Local Population Studies, Nr. 87 (31.12.2011): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps87.2011.45.

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A review of evidence on infant mortality derived from the London bills of mortality and parish registers indicates that there were major registration problems throughout the whole of the parish register period. One way of addressing these problems is to carry out reconstitution studies of individual London parishes, but there are a number of problems with reconstitution methodology, including the traffic in corpses between parishes both inside and outside of London and the negligence of clergymen in registering both baptisms and burials. In this paper the triangulation of sources has been employed to measure the adequacy of burial registration, including the comparison of data from bills of mortality, parish registers and probate returns, as well as the use of the same-name technique. This research indicates that between 20 and 40 per cent of burials went unregistered in London during the parish register period.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Infant burial"

Sofia, Sunnervik. „Infants of the Aegean Bronze Age : A study of intramural infant burials in their social context“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446971.

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This thesis explores the phenomenon of intramural infant burial during Middle Helladic III–Late Helladic II during the Aegean Bronze Age. Intramural graves of children aged two years or less at Málthi and Ayios Stephanos, two settlements on the Greek mainland, are studied from a number of perspectives: the physical properties of the graves and the buried infants, the spatial and intramural context of the grave, and their relationship to their social and societal context. Some things found to be relevant in the analysis were the importance of kinship and group belonging, as well as shifting funerary practices in a time of large-scale socio-economic change in the region.
Denna kandidatuppsats utforskar fenomenet intramurala spädbarnsgravar under Mellanhelladisk III–Senhelladisk II under den egeiska bronsåldern. Intramurala gravar av barn som var två år gamla eller yngre vid Málthi och Ayios Stephanos, två boplatser på det grekiska fastlandet, studeras ur ett antal perspektiv: gravarna och de begravda spädbarnens fysiska egenskaper, gravens rumsliga och intramurala kontext, och dess relation till dess sociala och samhälleliga kontext. Några ting som visade sig vara relevanta i analysen var vikten av släktskap och grupptillhörighet, såväl som föränderliga begravningsskick under en tid med storskaliga socioekonomiska förändringar i regionen.

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Ewert, Courtney Dotson. „Nabataean Subadult Mortuary Practices“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6316.

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This thesis provides the beginnings of further research on the correlation between Nabataean mortuary practices and specific biological age ranges. It seeks to answer the question of whether Nabataean infants were absent from, or under-represented, in Nabataean cemeteries. Several quantitative analyses and descriptive statistics were performed, comparing Nabataean adult and subadult burials from fourteen sites. Nabataean cemetery populations were also compared with Walter Scheidel's model life table. These analyses demonstrate that Nabataean burials typically consisted of either a single adult or multiple individuals of various age ranges. Subadults, individuals under the age of 20 years, were rarely found buried by themselves, and seldom with other subadults. The comparison of Nabataean cemetery populations with Scheidel's model life table reported lower than expected percentages of individuals between the age ranges of zero to 12 years. However, this discrepancy is likely due to decay, the destruction of skeletal remains, and poor excavation techniques.

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Blackburn, Natalia J. „Seed Burial in the Seagrass Zostera marina: The Role of Infauna“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617926.

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In terrestrial systems, seed burial is widely recognized as a vital process that influences small- and large-scale plant population patterns. Despite its demonstrated importance in terrestrial literature, very little is known about seed burial in seagrasses. Zostera marina is a perennial seagrass found in northern temperate oceans worldwide, and is the dominant seagrass found in the Chesapeake Bay. In terrestrial systems, seed burial is frequently mediated by soil-dwelling invertebrates. The goal of this work was to determine the role that benthic infauna play in the burial of Z. marina seeds by addressing the following questions: 1. Are seeds on sediments containing infauna buried more quickly than sediments without infauna, and 2. Does the infaunal feeding mode (e.g. head-up vs. head-down feeder, sessile vs. errant, or deposit feeder vs. omnivore) affect seed burial? Three mesocosm studies were conducted in sediment cores (80cm2 x 11cm) collected from the Chesapeake Bay, defaunated, and populated with single specimens of infauna of different feeding modes: Amphitrite ornata (sessile head-up deposit feeder), Neanthes succinea (errant omnivore), or Clymene/la torquata (sessile head down deposit feeder), or Pectinaria gou/di (errant head down deposit feeder). Control cores had no specimen added. Ten particles (either Z. marina seeds or colored beads) were added to the surface of each core, and the depth of the particles was detennined at different time scales up to 14 days. Seeds in all animal cores were significantly more likely to be buried than seeds in control cores (p~1.03x 1 0"6 ), although burial rates varied by species. N. succinea and P. gou/di showed the most dramatic burial: ~55% of seeds buried after 3 days and seeds buried below 2.5cm and 4.0cm, respectively, after 2 weeks. N. succinea also showed evidence for actively burying seeds. A. ornata and C. torquata had 12% and 24% of seeds buried, respectively, after 3 days and both had seeds buried below l.Ocm after 2 weeks. The results of this study indicate that Z. marina seed burial is facilitated by infaunal activity, and that burial patterns are species specific. In addition, burial is rapid and occurs on a time scale of days. While abiotic processes may be initially important in seed burial, the direct (active movement of sediment), and indirect (formation of mounds and holes) consequences of biotic processes by infauna may prove to be dominant and relevant to seed escape from predation, retention in suitable settlement sites, and movement to a sediment depth suitable for germination.

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Renard, Paul D. „The selection and preparation of white officers for the command of black troops in the American Civil War: A study of the 41st and 100th U.S. Colored Infantry“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26219.

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American Civil War officer preparation activities were rooted in the broader practices of antebellum military education as applied at West Point, other military academies, and the state militia system. The arrival of black troops in the Union Army led to a radical, if temporary, transformation in the Armyâ s process for the selection and preparation of officersâ but only for the white officers who served with black regiments. Overtly political or casual processes of the early Civil War were replaced in many cases by formal examinations and the centralized review of results, operating in parallel with more traditional political patronage systems of appointment. This study uses the experiences of officers from several black infantry regiments, and particularly the 41st U.S. Colored Infantry from the East and the 100th U.S.C.I. from the West, to illustrate how leaders for black units were chosen, prepared, examined, commissioned, and continued their military education. It focuses on the experiences of the officers, along with the contextual environments of antebellum education, slavery, racism, tactics, and bureaucracy in which they served.
Ph. D.

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Svedlund, Sofie. „Barnskrik i Hades? : Attityder till döda spädbarn i antika Grekland“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Antikens kultur och samhällsliv, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421036.

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In Homer’s work Iliad, Achilles is harassed in the sleep by the ghost of his friend Patroclus who demands a burial by him to be able to find peace. From this we get an understanding of how important it was for the ancient Greeks that their dead were given a proper burial for the soul to enter Hades and be able to find peace. If the deceased body was not buried, the soul became restless that harassed and had the power to harm the living. Infants belong to the group of individuals that do not appear to have had any consistent way of how to deal with them after they died. Some of them did not receive anything even close to a burial that a deceased adult would have received. Why infants were handled differently in certain contexts and locations is a mystery and begs the question of whether they were not considered to be people when they died and what was required to be considered worthy of a funeral when being dead. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether infants ended up in Hades or not, with the ancient Greeks' view of death and dead bodies as a theoretical starting point. To fulfill the purpose, the following questions were asked; how were dead infants handled? Were they considered to be 'real' individuals? How do the dead infants relate to the notions of becoming restless dead? To be able to answer these questions, I researched material from three different categories of evidence. The discussion has been divided into archaeological, iconographical, and literary sources. There are many different answers to the questions of this thesis as the different sorts of source material indicate diverse answers and attitudes to infants. It all probably depends on the different geographical places, economy, and status in society. These different answers also generate different attitudes to infants and whether they in fact were a real person. But through this thesis I have displayed factors that can support my theory about infants in Hades and that they – in worst case scenario – could end up like restless dead.

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Voldán, Martin. „Analýza ekonomické přidané hodnoty generované nefinančními korporacemi kotovanými na Burze cenných papírů Praha“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201808.

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The goal of this Masters Thesis is to analyse economic value added generated by non-financial companies listed on Prague stock exchange. Main goal is not only to calculate the amount of economic value added, but also to compare results of two economic models used to specify Re (Minimal required return of companys own capital), necessary to calculate economic value added. Next goal is to analyze link between economic value added and stock price. Correlation between this two parameters would be a sign of possibility to predict future stock price in dependance on generated economic value added. For this Masters thesis, It is important to have all balance sheets, P/L statements and stock market data for all selected corporations. All these informations were exported from database Thomson Reuters Eikon available on University of economics in Prague.

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Forrest, Crystal. „Iroquoian Infant Mortality and Juvenile Growth 1250 to 1700 AD“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26149.

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This thesis investigates changes in Iroquoian infant mortality and juvenile growth between 1250 and 1700 AD in the Lower Great Lakes region of North America. The objectives of this thesis are to investigate the tempo and quality of growth of Iroquoian infants and juveniles; to investigate the relationship between apparent neonatal and postneonatal mortality and predicted mortality ratios based on equal probability of mortality risk in the first year of life (1:11); and to investigate whether or not the ratio of neonatal to postneonatal mortality changed as a result of cultural change associated with the arrival of Europeans at around 1600 AD. These were investigated using a sample of infant and juvenile remains from twenty-one sites in upper New York state and Ontario. Tempo and quality of growth were examined by comparing femoral length at different ages to the Iroquoian adult femur length endpoint and to the growth patterns established in the Denver Growth Study and in other aboriginal North American archaeological samples. Above average infant growth is attributed to biocultural factors and infant mortality is largely caused by acute conditions. Below average juvenile growth, especially between two and seven years of age, is attributed to nutritional imbalances and overcrowding, poor sanitation, and infectious disease prevalence. Juveniles were likely chronically ill, resulting in poor attainment of stature, and this may have contributed to their deaths early in life. Apparent infant mortality was found to differ from predicted mortality, and this difference was attributed to cultural and environmental mortality biases that make interpretation difficult. Change in infant mortality ratios as a result of cultural change associated with European contact is evident in the Iroquoian context: the lack of neonatal remains in postcontact ossuaries is consistent with the ethnohistoric record, but the high proportion of neonates in precontact ossuaries suggests that observations made by ethnohistoric observers may not be applicable to our understanding of precontact burial patterns. The change in the ratio of neonatal to postneonatal remains in the pre- and postcontact periods is interpreted as evidence of changes in burial patterns rather than change in mortality risk.

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Craig-Atkins, E., Jacqueline R. Towers und Julia Beaumont. „The role of infant life histories in the construction of identities in death: An incremental isotope study of dietary and physiological status among children afforded differential burial“. 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16540.

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Yes
Objectives Isotope ratio analyses of dentine collagen were used to characterize short-term changes in physiological status (both dietary status and biological stress) across the life course of children afforded special funerary treatment. Materials and Methods Temporal sequences of δ15N and δ13C isotope profiles for incrementally-forming dentine collagen were obtained from deciduous teeth of 86 children from four early-medieval English cemeteries. Thirty-one were interred in child-specific burial clusters, and the remainder alongside adults in other areas of the cemetery. Isotope profiles were categorized into four distinct patterns of dietary and health status between the final prenatal months and death. Results Isotope profiles from individuals from the burial clusters were significantly less likely to reflect weaning curves, suggesting distinctive breastfeeding and weaning experiences. This relationship was not simply a factor of differential age at death between cohorts. There was no association of burial location with stage of weaning at death, nor with isotopic evidence of physiological stress at the end of life. Discussion This study is the first to identify a relationship between the extent of breastfeeding and the provision of child-specific funerary rites. Limited breastfeeding may indicate the mother had died during or soon after birth, or that either mother or child was unable to feed due to illness. Children who were not breastfed will have experienced a significantly higher risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and infection. These sickly and perhaps motherless children received care to nourish them during early life, and were similarly provided with special treatment in death.
University of Sheffield Early Career Researcher Scheme by a grant awarded to ECA in 2014-15.

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Mathis, Ruth Annette. „From infancy to death? An examination of the African burial ground in relation to Christian eighteenth century beliefs“. 2008. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3325249.

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The dissertation investigates the articulation of race, class, and religion among Africans in colonial New York and the methods used by these individuals to resist the oppressive conditions of Northern bondage. Men's, women's, and children's burials from the African Burial Ground Project in New York city will be compared to burial sites in The Netherlands, Suriname, and England in order to understand the range of mortuary practices available to captive Africans, and their influence on various social relationships constructed throughout the old and new world. Archaeological evidence will be used to explore social roles from burial positions and grave goods associated with individuals, emphasizing the cultural symbolic ritual of mortuary behavior.

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Pereira, Rita Máximo Alves. „O Burel, enquanto Matéria de Design: Concepção de um produto lúdico multifuncional para utilização infantil“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5706.

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“Burel” designa um tecido composto inteiramente de lã, e desenvolvido de forma artesanal. Assemelhando-se visualmente ao feltro e caracteriza-se pela sua elevada resistência e durabilidade. Sendo um tecido rude e grosseiro, apresenta uma superfície áspera. Outrora utilizado no vestuário dos camponeses e trabalhadores em geral, também foi usado pela monarquia e nobreza em trajes de luto. Este relatório de projecto final parte do estudo da fibra de lã e de algumas das suas aplicações. Aprecia as características morfológicas, propriedades, processos de produção e de feltragem, bem como a fabricação do burel e o seu valor para a cultura portuguesa, sugerindo uma nova forma de considerar este material cada vez mais disseminado pelo mundo, com a finalidade de conceber um produto lúdico para a infância, de design inovador. O processo de concepção envolveu diversas fases, desde uma pesquisa de mercado de produtos análogos ou concebidos nesta matéria-prima, apreciação crítica de artigos de inspiração e estudos de forma e padrão. Foi analisada a função e optimizado o modo de manuseamento do protótipo, tendo-se ainda produzido a identidade visual para este produto.
Burel is a handmade cloth made entirely of wool. Resembling felt, it is highly resistant and durable and as it is a coarse cloth is presents a rough texture. Long ago it was used in the clothing of farmers and workers in general, and also used by the monarchy and nobility to make mourning gowns. This final project report begins with the study of the wool fibre and some of its applications. It analyses the morphological features, properties, production and felting processes as well as the manufacture of burel and its value in the Portuguese culture. Furthermore, it suggests a new way to consider this increasingly widespread material, with the purpose of conceiving a recreational product and with an innovative design for childhood. The conception process involved several stages such as a market research for similar products or products made with the same raw material, critical assessment of articles to develop ideas, and shape and pattern studies. The function was analysed and the handling of the prototype optimized and a visual identity for the product was also created.

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Bücher zum Thema "Infant burial"

Leprévost, Thierry. Hastings, 1066: Norman cavalry and Saxon infantry. Bayeux: Editions Heidmal, 2002.

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(Re)thinking the little ancestor: New perspectives on the archaeology of infancy and childhood. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2011.

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United States. National Archives and Records Administration und United States Children's Bureau, Hrsg. The Children's Bureau, documentary sources from the National Archives. Alexandria, VA: Chadwyck-Healey, 1993.

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1994), Journées anthropologiques de Valbonne (7th. L' enfant, son corps, son histoire: Actes des Septièmes Journées anthropologiques de Valbonne, 1-3 juin 1994. Sophia Antipolis: APDCA, 1997.

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Lost soul: The Confederate soldier in New England. Orem, Utah: Ancestry, 1999.

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Auxier, Dave. DAVID VALENTINE'S DAY. Murphysboro, IL: Dave Auxier, 2010.

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Duday, H. Sallèles d'Aude: Nouveau-nés et nourrissons gallo-romains. Paris: Diffusé par Les Belles Lettres, 1995.

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Smith, Monte D. Impact of a battalion-level peacekeeping mission on the sponsoring Army National Guard Division. Alexandria, Va: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1996.

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Spangler, Brie. Peg Leg Peke. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Infant burial"

Crawford, Sally. „Baptism and Infant Burial in Anglo‑Saxon England“. In Medieval Life Cycles, 55–80. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.imr-eb.1.100782.

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Simpson, Jacqueline. „The Folklore of Infant Deaths: Burials, Ghosts and Changelings“. In Representations of Childhood Death, 11–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62340-2_2.

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Charrier, Philippe, und Gaëlle Clavandier. „Ephemeral materiality: a place for lifeless infants in cemeteries“. In The Materiality and Spatiality of Death, Burial and Commemoration, 77–95. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003152484-6.

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Power, Ronika K. „Child, infant and foetal burials in the Egyptian archaeological record“. In Children in Antiquity, 415–28. London ; New York, NY : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. | Series: Rewriting Antiquity: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315542812-34.

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Obladen, Michael. „For whom no bell tolled“. In Oxford Textbook of the Newborn, herausgegeben von Michael Obladen, 391–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198854807.003.0056.

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This chapter describes infant burials and their history. When cities were established in Mesopotamia in the fifth millennium b.c.e., particular burial places evolved: adults and older children were interred in cemeteries outside the dwelling sites, infants were disposed of within their natal homes. On the Greek island of Astypalaia, a specific cemetery for newborns was used from 750 b.c.e. At the Athenian Agora, 449 fetal and neonatal skeletons were uncovered in a well. In Roman Italy, deceased infants were mostly disposed of in mass graves. From the 5th century, burial in church-associated cemeteries became the usual pattern in Anglo-Saxon Britain. Funeral rites included viewing of the deceased, prayer and religious service, procession to the gravesite, and burial. For deceased newborn infants, the adult rite was often practised in a simplified form. During the 19th century, burial clubs providing funds for funeral expenses were abused to make money from infanticide. The maintenance of unique mortuary practices lasting millennia suggests that newborns, especially when preterm or malformed, were considered unfinished, and of little societal importance.

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„The Burial Of an Infant“. In The Works of Henry Vaughan, Vol. 1: Introduction and Texts 1642–1652. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00258329.

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Obladen, Michael. „Revived for paradise“. In Oxford Textbook of the Newborn, herausgegeben von Michael Obladen, 397–402. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198854807.003.0057.

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Infant baptism originated when St Augustine proclaimed the doctrine of original sin in 412 c.e. Neonates stillborn or deceased before baptism were declared to go down to hell and were buried outside of sacred ground. From the 15th century, parents carried those infants to respite sanctuaries in remote mountain chapels, where miraculous images were believed to revive the infant in order to allow baptism and Christian burial. Monasteries made fortunes with the parents’ anguish, and in 1528 the abuse of the Oberbüren image ignited reformation and iconoclasm. From 1740, Pope Benedict XIV opposed the sanctuaries, declaring invalid their apparent signs of life: skin colour change, change from rigidity to flexibility, blood flowing from the nose, sweat on the skin, cessation of a cadaveric smell, and the movement of a feather held at the infant’s mouth. Only crying and sounds of respiration remained valid signs of revivification. Centuries of debate shed light on the difficulty of distinguishing stillborn from liveborn before the stethoscope became available. Respite sanctuaries illustrate the failure of the doctrine of original sin, which was never accepted by the faithful.

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Torres-Rouff, Christina, und William J. Pestle. „An Exploration of Infant Burial Practices at the Site of Kish, Iraq“. In Bioarchaeology and Behavior, 35–59. University Press of Florida, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813042299.003.0003.

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Snyder-Reinke, Jeffrey. „Cradle to Grave: Baby Towers and the Politics of Infant Burial in Qing China“. In The Chinese Deathscape: Grave Reform in Modern China. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21627/2019cd/jsr.

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Kaupová, Sylva, Émilie Perez, Luc Buchet und Estelle Herrscher. „Infant feeding practices and health status of children from the rural burial site of Larina-le Mollard“. In Premiers cris, premières nourritures, 249–70. Presses universitaires de Provence, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pup.34573.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Infant burial"

Pererva, Evgeni. „A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INFANT BURIALS IN EARLY BRONZE AGE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION (RUSSIA).“ In 6th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2019v/2.1/s04.001.

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GUIDI, V., A. MAZZOLARI und V. V. TIKHOMIROV. „INCREASE OF PROBABILITY OF PARTICLE CAPTURE INTO THE CHANNELING REGIME BY A BURIED OXIDE LAYER“. In Proceedings of the 51st Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307017_0018.

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Siebenaler, Shane P., und Gary R. Walter. „Detection of Small Leaks in Liquid Pipelines Utilizing Distributed Temperature Sensing“. In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90144.

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Leaks from hazardous liquid pipelines can have significant impacts on safety and the environment. The detection of such leaks in their infancy is important to the overall integrity management of pipelines. The traditional means of detecting leaks on this infrastructure typically involve visual inspection or computational monitoring. However, such methods are often inadequate for detecting and locating small discharges that can result in damage to the environment. One potential alternative technology is distributed temperature sensing (DTS). The analytical work in this paper details near-field thermal effects surrounding the pipeline, seasonal and diurnal impacts on temperature as a function of buried depth, and the impact of transient temperature response from batch product operations. The analysis demonstrated that DTS employed on a buried transmission line would be immune from many of these effects and would not generate numerous false alarms due to these conditions. Laboratory testing was conducted on both Brillouin and Raman-based DTS systems; a total of four different manufacturer’s products were utilized. The testing characterized any limitations of such systems as a function of wetted length. The testing demonstrated that such technology could accurately detect small temperature fluctuations over distances exceeding 12 km (7.5 mi) to a location with a resolution of one meter. In addition to sensitivity testing of the systems, the automated alarm systems were tested to ensure that the systems could detect leaks without generating numerous false alarms.

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Abbad El Andaloussi, Hamza, Luc Mouton, Firas Sayed Ahmad, Stéphanie Mahérault-Mougin, Stéphane Paboeuf und Xabier Errotabehere. „World First Fatigue S-N Curve for Bonded Reinforcements for FPSO Application“. In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96239.

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Abstract Steel is the most common construction material in the Oil & Gas industry, and it begins to rust the day it is cast. This observation raises several challenges for the asset integrity and life extension of all offshore units. Therefore, for the ageing FPSOs (>10 years), frequent and costly structural maintenance operations in hazardous environment may be required to repair their hull. While a standard ship can go to dry-dock for “crop and renew” maintenance operations through standard hot works techniques, a permanently moored asset has to be maintained in situ. The challenge is to perform these offshore structural maintenance operations with no production disruption while maximizing safety even for the most stressed areas such as a mid-ship deck plating. COLDSHIELD, a co-development between COLD PAD, TOTAL and IFP Energies nouvelles, has been set up to meet this very challenge. This innovative alternative to “crop and renew” is covered by approval certificate from Class. COLDSHIELD stops the corrosion and restores hull structural strength. Two industrial applications have been performed so far. Among the steps to be taken to demonstrate that such repair can be considered as permanent, it was mandatory to characterize the fatigue behavior of this reinforcement solution. While the fatigue behavior of steel has been an important research topic since the early eighties of the last century, its understanding for bonded composite materials is still at its infancy. Indeed, for the time being there is — to our knowledge — no S-N curve for structural bonded reinforcements. Full scale coupon specimen fatigue tests of the structural bonded reinforcements were conducted by COLD PAD, third-partied by Bureau Veritas and in collaboration with two laboratories (private and public) in order to study the adhesive fatigue. A statistical analysis was performed according to international standards. The resulting S-N curve is fit for industrial fatigue design. It demonstrates a comfortable fatigue strength (S-N curve presenting a slope of 9). This paper presents the results of a fatigue life assessment campaign of COLDSHIELD including the experimental setup, the fatigue test results, and the numerical analyses. It details the reason why the design is compatible with a stress-based approach. It also explains the conclusions that can be derived in terms of fatigue life for a deck repair campaign.

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