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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Industrially and Biologically significant molecules“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Industrially and Biologically significant molecules"
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Jaiswal, Pranita, Pawan Kumar Singh und Radha Prasanna. „Cyanobacterial bioactive molecules — an overview of their toxic properties“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, Nr. 9 (September 2008): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-034.
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Allelopathic interactions involving cyanobacteria are being increasingly explored for the pharmaceutical and environmental significance of the bioactive molecules. Among the toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria, the biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and genes involved are well understood, in relation to biotoxins, whereas the cytotoxins are less investigated. A range of laboratory methods have been developed to detect and identify biotoxins in water as well as the causal organisms; these methods vary greatly in their degree of sophistication and the information they provide. Direct molecular probes are also available to detect and (or) differentiate toxic and nontoxic species from environmental samples. This review collates the information available on the diverse types of toxic bioactive molecules produced by cyanobacteria and provides pointers for effective exploitation of these biologically and industrially significant prokaryotes.
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Kalasariya, Haresh S., Virendra Kumar Yadav, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Vineet Tirth, Ali Algahtani, Saiful Islam, Neha Gupta und Byong-Hun Jeon. „Seaweed-Based Molecules and Their Potential Biological Activities: An Eco-Sustainable Cosmetics“. Molecules 26, Nr. 17 (01.09.2021): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175313.
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Amongst the countless marine organisms, seaweeds are considered as one of the richest sources of biologically active ingredients having powerful biological activities. Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are macroscopic multicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms and have the potential to produce a large number of valuable compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, pigments, etc. Since it is a prominent source of bioactive constituents, it finds diversified industrial applications viz food and dairy, pharmaceuticals, medicinal, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, etc. Moreover, seaweed-based cosmetic products are risen up in their demands by the consumers, as they see them as a promising alternative to synthetic cosmetics. Normally it contains purified biologically active compounds or extracts with several compounds. Several seaweed ingredients that are useful in cosmeceuticals are known to be effective alternatives with significant benefits. Many seaweeds’ species demonstrated skin beneficial activities, such as antioxidant, anti-melanogenesis, antiaging, photoprotection, anti-wrinkle, moisturizer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties, as well as certain antimicrobial activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. This review presents applications of bioactive molecules derived from marine algae as a potential substitute for its current applications in the cosmetic industry. The biological activities of carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds and pigments are discussed as safe sources of ingredients for the consumer and cosmetic industry.
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Hentati, Faiez, Latifa Tounsi, Djomdi Djomdi, Guillaume Pierre, Cédric Delattre, Alina Violeta Ursu, Imen Fendri, Slim Abdelkafi und Philippe Michaud. „Bioactive Polysaccharides from Seaweeds“. Molecules 25, Nr. 14 (09.07.2020): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143152.
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Bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures play a significant role in disease prevention and maintenance of physiological functions. Due to the increase in industrial demand for new biosourced molecules, several types of biomasses are being exploited for the identification of bioactive metabolites and techno-functional biomolecules that are suitable for the subsequent uses in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical fields. Among the various biomasses available, macroalgae are gaining popularity because of their potential nutraceutical and health benefits. Such health effects are delivered by specific diterpenes, pigments (fucoxanthin, phycocyanin, and carotenoids), bioactive peptides and polysaccharides. Abundant and recent studies have identified valuable biological activities of native algae polysaccharides, but also of their derivatives, including oligosaccharides and (bio)chemically modified polysaccharides. However, only a few of them can be industrially developed and open up new markets of active molecules, extracts or ingredients. In this respect, the health and nutraceutical claims associated with marine algal bioactive polysaccharides are summarized and comprehensively discussed in this review.
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Nisar, Muhammad Farrukh, Mahnoor Khadim, Muhammad Rafiq, Jinyin Chen, Yali Yang und Chunpeng Craig Wan. „Pharmacological Properties and Health Benefits of Eugenol: A Comprehensive Review“. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (03.08.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2497354.
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The biologically active phytochemicals are sourced from edible and medicinally important plants and are important molecules being used for the formulation of thousands of drugs. These phytochemicals have great benefits against many ailments particularly the inflammatory diseases or oxidative stress-mediated chronic diseases. Eugenol (EUG) is a versatile naturally occurring molecule as phenolic monoterpenoid and frequently found in essential oils in a wide range of plant species. EUG bears huge industrial applications particularly in pharmaceutics, dentistry, flavoring of foods, agriculture, and cosmeceutics. It is being focused recently due to its great potential in preventing several chronic conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared EUG as a nonmutant and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) molecule. The available literature about pharmacological activities of EUG shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties and has a significant effect on human health. The current manuscript summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of EUG and its potential health benefits.
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Ferrini, Fabio, Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Daniele Fraternale, Vittoria Carrabs, Giosuè Annibalini, Giancarlo Verardo, Andrea Gorassini et al. „Characterization of the Biological Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from the Roots of Cannabis sativa L. Grown in Aeroponics“. Antioxidants 11, Nr. 5 (27.04.2022): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050860.
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Cannabis sativa var. Kompolti, a variety routinely used for food production purposes, is characterized by a low concentration of psychoactive molecules, although containing many other biologically attractive metabolites in all parts of the plant, including the roots. In the present work, we evaluate the specific biological activities of the roots’ extract from plants cultivated through aeroponics, an affordable and reliable method facilitating the isolation and processing of roots, with the advantage of being suitable for industrial scale-up. Furthermore, aeroponics results in an increased net accumulation of the most biologically attractive constituents (β-sitosterol, friedelin and epi-friedelanol) found in the roots. The ethanolic extract of the aeroponic roots of C. sativa (APEX) and its separate components are studied to evaluate their anti-inflammatory (modulation of the expression level of specific markers upon LPS stimulation in U937 cells, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IkB-α, iNOS, IRAK-1 and miR-146a) and antioxidant (in either acellular or cellular settings) activities. The APEX anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities are also functionally benchmarked using the wound-healing assay. On the whole, the data obtained show that APEX and its main components showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which may render the exploitation of roots as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents highly attractive, with the additional technical and economic advantages of aeroponics compared to soil cultivation.
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Marchetti, Barbara, Tolga N. V. Karsili und Michael N. R. Ashfold. „Exploring Norrish type I and type II reactions: an ab initio mechanistic study highlighting singlet-state mediated chemistry“. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, Nr. 26 (2019): 14418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07292b.
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Norrish reactions are important photo-induced reactions in mainstream organic chemistry and are implicated in many industrially and biologically relevant processes and in the processing of carbonyl molecules in the atmosphere.
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Jakobina, Maciej, Jacek Łyczko, Kinga Zydorowicz, Renata Galek und Antoni Szumny. „The Potential Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Modification of the Industrially Valuable Volatile Compounds Synthesis in Hylocreus undatus Stems“. Molecules 28, Nr. 9 (01.05.2023): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093843.
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The pitaya (dragon fruit) Hylocereus is a genus which belongs to the Cactaceae family. It is native to Mexico, occurring also in other regions of Central and South America. Pitaya fruit is mainly intended for consumption and for this reason the species is grown commercially. The fruit is a rich source of vitamins, biologically active compounds, and dietary fibre. Using in vitro culture can accelerate the process of reproduction and growth of pitaya plants. Profiling of volatile compounds contained in the stem of Hylocereus undatus was carried out using the SPME-GC-MS technique. The main compounds present were hexanal, 2-hexenal and 1-hexanol. The results showed differences in the occurrence of volatile compounds between plants grown in media with an addition of BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), which have been used as plant growth regulators. Statistically significant differences between the contents of volatile compounds were observed in the case of 2-hexenal and 1-hexanol. The effect of BA on reducing the amount of volatile compounds was observed. However, introduction of IAA to the in vitro medium resulted in more compounds being synthesized. This study is the first to describe the volatile compounds in the pitaya stem. The results indicate that plant hormones are able to modify the profile of volatile compounds.
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Nawaz, Ali, Rida Chaudhary, Zinnia Shah, Laurent Dufossé, Mireille Fouillaud, Hamid Mukhtar und Ikram ul Haq. „An Overview on Industrial and Medical Applications of Bio-Pigments Synthesized by Marine Bacteria“. Microorganisms 9, Nr. 1 (22.12.2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010011.
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Marine bacterial species contribute to a significant part of the oceanic population, which substantially produces biologically effectual moieties having various medical and industrial applications. The use of marine-derived bacterial pigments displays a snowballing effect in recent times, being natural, environmentally safe, and health beneficial compounds. Although isolating marine bacteria is a strenuous task, these are still a compelling subject for researchers, due to their promising avenues for numerous applications. Marine-derived bacterial pigments serve as valuable products in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries due to their beneficial attributes, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Biodegradability and higher environmental compatibility further strengthen the use of marine bio-pigments over artificially acquired colored molecules. Besides that, hazardous effects associated with the consumption of synthetic colors further substantiated the use of marine dyes as color additives in industries as well. This review sheds light on marine bacterial sources of pigmented compounds along with their industrial applicability and therapeutic insights based on the data available in the literature. It also encompasses the need for introducing bacterial bio-pigments in global pigment industry, highlighting their future potential, aiming to contribute to the worldwide economy.
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Szafran, Marcin Jan, Martyna Gongerowska, Paweł Gutkowski, Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska und Dagmara Jakimowicz. „The Coordinated Positive Regulation of Topoisomerase Genes Maintains Topological Homeostasis in Streptomyces coelicolor“. Journal of Bacteriology 198, Nr. 21 (22.08.2016): 3016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00530-16.
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ABSTRACTMaintaining an optimal level of chromosomal supercoiling is critical for the progression of DNA replication and transcription. Moreover, changes in global supercoiling affect the expression of a large number of genes and play a fundamental role in adapting to stress. Topoisomerase I (TopA) and gyrase are key players in the regulation of bacterial chromosomal topology through their respective abilities to relax and compact DNA. Soil bacteria such asStreptomycesspecies, which grow as branched, multigenomic hyphae, are subject to environmental stresses that are associated with changes in chromosomal topology. The topological fluctuations modulate the transcriptional activity of a large number of genes and inStreptomycesare related to the production of antibiotics. To better understand the regulation of topological homeostasis inStreptomyces coelicolor, we investigated the interplay between the activities of the topoisomerase-encoding genestopAandgyrBA. We show that the expression of both genes is supercoiling sensitive. Remarkably, increased chromosomal supercoiling induces thetopApromoter but only slightly influencesgyrBAtranscription, while DNA relaxation affects thetopApromoter only marginally but strongly activates thegyrBAoperon. Moreover, we showed that exposure to elevated temperatures induces rapid relaxation, which results in changes in the levels of both topoisomerases. We therefore propose a unique mechanism ofS. coelicolorchromosomal topology maintenance based on the supercoiling-dependent stimulation, rather than repression, of the transcription of both topoisomerase genes. These findings provide important insight into the maintenance of topological homeostasis in an industrially important antibiotic producer.IMPORTANCEWe describe the unique regulation of genes encoding two topoisomerases, topoisomerase I (TopA) and gyrase, in a modelStreptomycesspecies. Our studies demonstrate the coordination of topoisomerase gene regulation, which is crucial for maintenance of topological homeostasis.Streptomycesspecies are producers of a plethora of biologically active secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, antitumor agents, and immunosuppressants. The significant regulatory factor controlling the secondary metabolism is the global chromosomal topology. Thus, the investigation of chromosomal topology homeostasis inStreptomycesstrains is crucial for their use in industrial applications as producers of secondary metabolites.
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Sehnal, Hosnedlova, Docekalova, Stankova, Uhlirova, Tothova, Kepinska et al. „An Assessment of the Effect of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Sage Leaves (Salvia officinalis L.) on Germinated Plants of Maize (Zea mays L.)“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 11 (31.10.2019): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111550.
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AgNPs have attracted considerable attention in many applications including industrial use, and their antibacterial properties have been widely investigated. Due to the green synthesis process employed, the nanoparticle surface can be coated with molecules with biologically important characteristics. It has been reported that increased use of nanoparticles elevates the risk of their release into the environment. However, little is known about the behaviour of AgNPs in the eco-environment. In this study, the effect of green synthesized AgNPs on germinated plants of maize was examined. The effects on germination, basic growth and physiological parameters of the plants were monitored. Moreover, the effect of AgNPs was compared with that of Ag(I) ions in the form of AgNO3 solution. It was found that the growth inhibition of the above-ground parts of plants was about 40%, and AgNPs exhibited a significant effect on photosynthetic pigments. Significant differences in the following parameters were observed: weights of the caryopses and fresh weight (FW) of primary roots after 96 h of exposure to Ag(I) ions and AgNPs compared to the control and between Ag compounds. In addition, the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) between the control and the AgNPs varied and that between the Ag(I) ions and AgNPs was also different. Phytotoxicity was proved in the following sequence: control < AgNPs < Ag(I) ions.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Industrially and Biologically significant molecules"
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Ray, Samapika. „Study to explore inclusion complexations and assorted interactions of some industrially and biologically significant molecules in diverse systems“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4789.
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Yasmin, Ananya. „Investigation of Host Guest Inclusion Complexations and Diverse Interactions of Some Industrially and Biologically Potent Molecules in Assorted Phases by Physicochemical Methodologies“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2019. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2854.
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Wang, Joseph. „Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Studies of Biologically-Significant Compounds“. In Redox Chemistry and Interfacial Behavior of Biological Molecules, 469–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9534-2_35.
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Patriarche, G. J., J. M. Kauffmann und J. C. Viré. „Modified Electrodes used to Elucidate Electrochemical Behaviors of Biologically Significant Molecules“. In Redox Chemistry and Interfacial Behavior of Biological Molecules, 479–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9534-2_36.
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„Biologically Significant Molecules“. In The Electron Capture Detector and the Study of Reactions with Thermal Electrons, 296–328. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471659894.ch12.
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Anthony, Josephine, Vijaya Raghavan Rangamaran, Kumar T. Shivasankarasubbiah, Dharani Gopal und Kirubagaran Ramalingam. „Applications of Molecular Docking“. In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 278–306. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0362-0.ch011.
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Computational tools have extended their reach into different realms of scientific research. Often coupled with molecular dynamics simulation, docking provides comprehensive insight into molecular mechanisms of biological processes. Influence of molecular docking is highly experienced in the field of structure based drug discovery, wherein docking is vital in validating novel lead compounds. The significance of molecular docking is also understood in several environmental and industrial research, in order to untangle the interactions among macromolecules of non-medical interest. Various processes such as bioremediation (REMEDIDOCK), nanomaterial interactions (NANODOCK), nutraceutical interactions (NUTRADOCK), fatty acid biosynthesis (FADOCK), and antifoulers interactions (FOULDOCK) find the application of molecular docking. This chapter emphasizes the involvement of computational techniques in the aforementioned fields to expand our knowledge on macromolecular interacting mechanisms.
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Antimanon, Sompot, Siwaporn Wannawilai, Tayvich Vorapreeda, Wanwipa Vongsangnak und Kobkul Laoteng. „Lipid Metabolism in Fungal Growth and Development“. In Fungal Lipid Biochemistry, 309–38. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123012123010015.
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Fungal biotechnology has enormously contributed to the growing bio- and circular economy. With the capabilities of individual fungal strains in diverse applications, the fundamentals of their growth development and metabolic traits significantly impact the process development of industrial production. Lipids are cellular biomolecules that play dynamic functions during vegetative growth and development, and environmental adaptation. Regarding the structural and functional roles of lipid molecules, intensive studies have been given to understanding the physiological and molecular regulations in the lipid metabolism of filamentous fungi, particularly in the potential oleaginous strains. Hence, a link between fungal growth, morphological development and lipid phenotypes, is presented. Vegetative growth phases of fungi are distinguishable based on their lipid content and profile. Cell morphology can be controlled by physical and genetic manipulations. Through multi.dimensional technologies and emerging tools, more biological insights into a systematic regulation underlying lipid metabolisms, precursors, and other related metabolites are described. In the end, a correlation of phenotypic and genotype characteristics in growth and lipid dynamics on various substrate and culture conditions is elaborated. The informative data bridging towards industrial biotechnology for the establishment of fungal bio-manufacturing platforms are discussed not only for diversified lipid production but also for developing the eco-friendly and economically feasible production process.
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Rachamalla, Harikrishnareddy, Anubhab Mukherjee und Manash K. Paul. „Nanotechnology Application and Intellectual Property Right Prospects of Mammalian Cell Culture“. In Cell Culture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99146.
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The significant challenges faced by modern-day medicine include designing a target-specific drug delivery system with a controlled release mechanism, having the potential to avoid opsonization and reduce bio-toxicity. Nanoparticles are materials with nanoscale dimensions and maybe natural and synthetic in origin. Engineered nano-sized materials are playing an indispensable role in the field of nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. Besides, engineered nano-sized particles impart therapeutic applications with enhanced specificity because of their unique bespoke properties. Moreover, such application-customized nanoparticles offer an enormous possibility for their compatibility with different biological molecules like proteins, genetic materials, cell membranes, and organelles at the nano-bio frame. Besides, surface functionalization with targeting moieties such as small molecule ligands, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, cell-penetrating peptides, and proteins facilitate nanoparticle-based specific tissue targeting. This review summarizes some of the advances in nanoparticle-based therapeutics and theranostics. A better understanding of idealistic preparation methods, physicochemical attributes, surface functionalization, biocompatibility can empower the potential translation of nanomaterials from the ‘bench-to-bedside’. In modern-day medicine, engineered nanoparticles have a wide range of demands ranging from bio-imaging, theranostics, tissue engineering, sensors, drug and nucleic acid delivery, and other pharmaceuticals applications. 2D and 3D mammalian cell-based assays are widely used to model diseases, screening of drugs, drug discovery, and toxicity analyses. Recent advances in cell culture technology and associated progress in nanotechnology have enabled researchers to study a wide variety of physiologically relevant questions. This chapter explores the properties of nanoparticles, different targeted delivery methods, biological analysis, and theranostics. Moreover, this chapter also emphasizes biosafety and bioethics associated with mammalian cell culture and discusses the significance of intellectual property rights from an industrial and academic perspective.
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Gaskell, Simon J. „Recent and projected developments in mass spectrometric techniques“. In Applications of Modern Mass Spectrometry in Plant Science Research, 58–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549659.003.0005.
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Abstract The pace of recent developments in mass spectrometry and related techniques has been extraordinary; there is no sign of a slackening of that pace. Many of the recent advances have significantly improved our capabilities of analysing biologically significant molecules. Indeed, the needs of biological research have provided the driving force for many of the most important developments. This chapter attempts to review in broad outline the most significant recent advances and projects the direction of future work.
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Gupta, Charu. „Agro-wastes for Cost-effective Production of Industrially Important Microbial Enzymes“. In Agri-food Waste Valorisation, 169–200. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837670093-00169.
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Agro-industrial litters generally include the trash that is generated during the industrial processing of agricultural or animal products or those obtained from agricultural activities. These mainly comprise materials such as hay, stalk, shoot, greeneries, rind, case, skin, fur, kernel, flesh, pulses or cereals (rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, and barley), bagasse from sugarcane or sweet sorghum milling, spent coffee grounds, brewer’s spent grains, and many others. These wastes are mainly composed of sugars, fibers, proteins, and minerals. Examples of various types of agro-industrial wastes are copiously created round the world from mainly including soybean, corn, rice, sugarcane, cassava, coffee, fruits, etc. These manufactures are answerable for the production of huge quantities of regular remains, such as cassava, sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, and coffee peel. These remains are good bases for renewable energy and can be used as substrates for industrially important products. These agri-wastes can be transformed by microorganisms in culture media for the bio-production of industrially significant principal and minor metabolites, capable of producing enzymes, alcohol, antibiotics, pigments, and many other molecules. This chapter would thus focus on the various types of agro-industrial wastes that are vulnerable to being altered in culture media for bio-production with high benefit, thus backing the globular budget.
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Ahmad Rather, Ishfaq, Ahmad Hasan und Rashid Ali. „Cyclodextrin-Based Sensors for the Recognition of Small Molecules“. In Cyclodextrins - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108500.
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Owing to the selective recognition ability, exceptional biocompatibility, water solubility, non-toxicity, economically inexpensive, commercial availability, and easy functionalization, cyclodextrins (CDs) act as the main building blocks for the creation of beautifully simple yet much effective supramolecular architectures of fundamental interest. Over the past few decades, CDs have engrossed a noteworthy interest in the scientific community because of their usage in the development of chemical sensors via molecular recognition phenomenon. Bearing the delightful sensing capability of CDs in mind, herewith, we envisioned to disclose the recent developments in the sensing of diverse biologically significant small molecules by CDs through colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, and potentiometric response. Sensing events and corresponding distinguishing optical features in cyclodextrin-based monomers, dimers, clusters, and nano-assemblies have been elaborated in detail. The authors are of the opinion that this chapter will offer new dimensions to supramolecular sensors in general and CDs-based sensors in particular.
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Murthy, Pushpa S., Vedashree M., Sneha H. P. und Inderjit Prakash. „Extremophiles as a Source of Biotechnological Products“. In Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles, 308–33. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9144-4.ch015.
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Extremophile and extremozyme capabilities to uphold catalytic actions under extreme situations open up a varied array of biotechnological applications. Extremophiles are a rich supply of biocatalysts used for innumerable purposes. Bioactive molecules and enzymes isolated from organisms inhabiting risky environments being used in biological innovation pipelines and pharmaceutical have positive claims. The species biodiversity has favourable reservoir of the unexploited amalgams with biotechnological significance. Prospective solicitations of extremozymes, chiefly as catalysis of multistep progressions, quorum sensing, bioremediation, biofuel, biodiversity and prospecting, biomining, and genetic technology are explored. To boost the biotechnological uses of extremozymes, research and development efforts are needed to address hurdles such as extremophile culture, gene expression in host cells, and extremozyme bioprocessing. Extremophiles can be a resource for innovative biotechnological comprising industrial biotechnology, agriculture, medical, food, and environmental biotechnology.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Industrially and Biologically significant molecules"
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Li, Jianbo, und Hao Lin. „A Pore Resistance Model and the Effect of Electrical Conductivity on Electroporation“. In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204988.
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Electroporation is an elegant means to gain access to the cytoplasm, and to deliver molecules into the cell while simultaneously maintaining viability and functionality. In this technique, electric pulses are applied to transiently permeabilize the cell membrane. Biologically active agents, such as DNA, RNA, and amino acids, can then enter the cell to perform tasks such as gene and cancer therapy. Despite wide applications, electroporation faces significant challenges to achieve simultaneous high delivery efficiency and cell viability. Addressing such challenges requires the development of good fundamental understanding and a quantitative prediction capability, and the current work is a step toward this goal.
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Kelechi, Faith Mmesomachukwu, und Chukwuebuka Samuel Nwafor. „Application of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Procedure for Microalgae-To-Biofuel Conversion“. In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212014-ms.
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Abstract The thermal depolymerization process is also known as Hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL) Is used in converting macro/micro molecules, under temperatures of about 280°C and 370°C and pressures that are in the range from 10 to 25 MPa and into crude such as oil. The oil is composed of high energy density and low heating values of 33.8-36.9 MJ/Kg and 5-20 wt% renewables and oxygen. Presently microalgae are used industrially in producing high-quality products for food additives. Also, the microalgae are environmentally friendly, as it is used in the treatment of wastewater, control in the mitigation of industrial CO2 emission and atmospheric CO2 capturing. Due to environmental issues, microalgal are converted from biomass to biofuel. Recently HTL has drawn more attention, as it can be used in the refinery industry. This paper is also concerned with solving environmental issues using microalgae as an effective method for biomass to biofuel conversion. One significant advantage of HTL is the possibility of using fresh microalgae after harvesting, the processing of biomass and increased thermodynamic efficiency. The latter is achieved due to high HTL temperature and pressure which creates an avenue for more heat recovery.
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Kerkez, Đurđa, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Vesna Gvoić, Aleksandra Kulić Mandić, Anita Leovac Maćerak und Dragana Tomašević Pilipović. „Treatment of wastewater containing printing dyes: summary and perspectives“. In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p31.
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Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile, printing, leather tanning, cosmetic, drug and food processing industries. The printing and dyeing industry is considered as one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The printing process is very versatile and includes printing on paper as well as printing on textile, plastic and other materials. After the printing process is completed, various chemicals such as ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, benzene, and esters are used in the cleaning procedure. Resulting wastewater often contains a variety of solvents, surfactants, dyes, and other chemicals, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of wastewater treatment. Improper discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater into water bodies will have several effect, beginning with aesthetical issues followed by destruction of the aqueous ecosystem due to light attenuation, oxygen consumption and toxicity effects. Therefore, it is very important to find out and optimize printing and dying wastewater treatment techniques. Processes for dye removal from wastewater can be physical, chemical, biological and more recently hybrid treatments. Physical processes such as adsorption, based on mass transfer mechanism, are commonly used method mainly due to ease of operation and high efficiency. Chemical processes including coagulation and flocculation, advanced oxidation processes and electrochemical treatment are usually more expensive due t chemicals use, equipment requirements and electrical energy consumption. However, these techniques are destructive and may lead to total mineralization of dye molecules and accompanying pollutants. Biological treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly process that produces less sludge. This method has significant advantages but dye molecules are less prone to this kind of treatment as they are made to be stable and reluctant. So, the adjustment and optimization of biological treatment, for dye removal, is an ongoing field of research. In recent studies hybrid processes are gaining more attention, combining different techniques. Integrating treatments, as a cost-saving and time-saving process, can represent optimal solution for printing wastewater treatment.
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Buslaev, V. Yu, A. V. Torgunakova, Irina Milentyeva, Lyubov Dyshlyuk und V. I. Minina. „POPYMORPHISM OF IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES AND LUNG CANCER RISK IN NON-SMOKING RESIDENTS OF KUZBASS“. In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-17.
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Lung cancer (LC) is leading oncological pathology, posing a serious threat for patient’s lives.
Accordingly to World Health Organization (WHO) 2,1 million of new cases and 1,8 of deaths are
annually registered. It was accumulated a lot of information about significant influence of smoking on
increased risk of LC development. 80-90% of patients with LC are namely smokers. However at present
time it was registered increased level of mortality from this pathology among non-smoking patients [1].
LC formation in non-smoking individuals can occur due to environmental pollution by industrial and
household cancerogens and also because of molecular and genetical and cytogenetical dissimilarities.
Since LC development can be associated with anomalous immunological response, immune genes can
be considered as potential biological markers [2].
Objective: To assess the influence of polymorphic variants of innate immunity genes on LC
development in non-smoking patients.
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Xie, Oliver, Parkson Lee-Gau Chong und Jack Zhou. „A Smart Actuator Design for Multiple Bio-Reagent Mixing in a High Pressure Optical Cell for Bio-Physical Research Applications“. In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72137.
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During the past two decades, bio-physicists have had an increasing interest in finding out what happens when two bio-material solutions are mixed under high pressure. Compared to temperature, pressure makes more contributions to our fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship of biological systems, because pressure produces only volume changes under isothermal conditions, and pressure results can then be interpreted in a more straightforward manner. Window-type High Pressure Optical Cell (HPOC) such as the one designed by Paladini and Weber have provided biophysicists with a powerful tool to understanding the structure-function relationships of biological molecules. However, the conventional HPOC is only good for single solution testing and does not allow for quick mixing and stirring of additional components while the specimen is under pressure. This research is to thoroughly study the feasibility of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) as an actuator to perform mixing and agitation functions; and five types of SMA actuators were designed, simulated and tested for unplugging and mixing purposes. To conduct this research, SMA helical springs were fabricated in house according to the design requirements. With different combinations of SMA tensile springs, SMA compressive spring and biasing spring, significant ranges of vibration were developed. To further improving mixing process, a unique hybrid design of SMA as an actuator to unplug the stopper and micromotor as a stir device to agitate the solutions was developed. Rapid mixing of 95% of total solution in 10 seconds was achieved under 300 bars. A new HPOC was designed according to the new cuvette with its new unplug and mixing mechanism. Our industrial partner, ISS, further modified our design for easy manufacturing reason and fabricated the HPOC which made SMA actuator mixing test under pressure possible. A complete testing of the new HPOC system to observe bio-reagent mixing and reaction under high pressure was conducted and the results were satisfactory.
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Tandy, Jon, Vassilia Spathis und Luke Alesbrook. „Cryogenic Capture of Hypervelocity Impact Ejecta“. In 2022 16th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2022-51.
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Abstract The capture of impact ejecta is an important tool for the evaluation of chemical modification caused by hypervelocity impact events. Traditional systems typically employ foils, foams or aerogel to capture fast moving ejecta for elemental analyses. These devices are less appropriate for the examination of more volatile components within impact ejecta and may even cause additional chemical reactions on their surface leading to uncertainties in the subsequent analyses. This is particularly disadvantageous for capture systems onboard spacecraft searching for biologically relevant molecules like amino acids. The preliminary design and testing of a cooled capture plate system utilizing a cryogenic cold finger for incorporation with the University of Kent’s two-stage light gas gun is outlined. Experiments using solid nylon sabots at a range of impact speeds were carried out with the majority of targets composed of a glycine-water ice mixture. A minimum capture plate temperature of -71 °C was achieved with an impact chamber pressure of 0.2 mbar but was observed to be closer to -30 oC during vacuum chamber evacuation using frozen targets due to sublimation of the ice’s surface. Shots at impact speeds greater than 6.3 km s-1 showed effective capture of small concentrations of glycine after derivatization and subsequent GC-MS analysis. The additional detection of glycolic acid within the captured material also suggests the potential for significant chemical modification within impact ejecta, which has important implications for the sampling of solar system plumes and surface material transferred across planetary bodies by hypervelocity impacts.
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Horikoshi, Satoshi. „ELUCIDATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EFFECT AND OUTGOING OF FUTURE TREND IN MICROWAVE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY“. In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9783.
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The German chemist Theodor Grotthuss was the first to formulate the first law of photochemistry in 1817; he postulated that a reaction could be driven by light when the energy of light is absorbed by molecules [1]. After that, photochemistry has greatly contributed to the development of photography. In addition, second laws of photochemistry (Stark-Einstein law) was enacted, and these two laws have elevated photochemistry as an academic (science) discipline over the last one hundred years. In addition, because of advances in light sources and various devices (engineering), such materials and processes as photocatalysts, organic solar cells, photopolymerization, quantum dots, and photochromism (among others) are currently being applied in various other fields. The next significant surge in chemistry is microwave chemistry wherein microwaves, which represent electromagnetic waves other than light, were introduced as a driving force in the chemical reaction domain in the late 1980s. There are three characteristics in this chemistry when using microwaves. The first is the high heating efficiency caused by the energy of the microwaves that directly reach and are absorbed by the substance. The second is the selectivity with which a specific substrate is heated, while the third characteristic is the enhancement of chemical syntheses by the microwaves’ electromagnetic wave energy, often referred to as the microwave effect (or non-thermal effect). The phenomenon of the microwave effect (third characteristic) impacting chemical reactions has been summarized in much of the relevant literature, however, the reason why the microwave effect has not been clarified to anyone’s satisfaction is that the term microwave effect in microwave chemistry includes numerous factors. In order to fix microwaves in the chemical field, it is urgent to develop laws of “microwavechemistry”, and to do it is necessary to systematization against the phenomenas of electromagnetic waves for materials and reactions. One of the reasons for the dramatic growth in photochemistry is the development of high power laser technology. In recent years, coherent semiconductor generator with the generating high power microwaves have become easy to get, so “microwavechemistry” can proceed to the next stage. We examined that the phenomena as microwave electromagnetic waves in chemical reactions by using a semiconductor generator and a power sensor. And, it clarified that the reaction rate and yield of a very small part of the chemical reaction change with the unique phenomenon to electromagnetic waves [2]. On the other hand, generally, as plants, enzymes, biological substances temperature rises, it inhibits growth and reaction. This phenomenon was used to overcome the electromagnetic wave effect. We have succeeded in improving these activities by irradiating weak microwaves which do not increase these temperatures [3]. If microwave heating is given to them, it will work negatively. In this invited presentation, it introduces the possibility of electromagnetic wave effect(s) in these and explain its industrial application.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Industrially and Biologically significant molecules"
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López-Valverde, Nansi, Javier Aragoneses, Antonio López-Valverde, Cinthia Rodríguez und Juan Manuel Aragoneses. Role in the osseointegration of titanium dental implants, of bioactive surfaces based on biomolecules: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0076.
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Review question / Objective: Does the bioactive surface of titanium dental implants, based on biomolecules, influence osseointegration?. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role and efficacy of bioactive surfaces in osseointegration. Our review study limited the research interest to titanium dental implants coated with a biomolecule, i.e., an organic molecule produced by a living organism. Condition being studied: In recent years, much attention has been paid to topographical modifications of dental implant surfaces, as well as to their coating with biologically active substances.a bioactive surface is one capable of achieving faster and higher quality osseointegration, shortening waiting times and solving situations of poor bone quality. Molecules that can be applied for bioactive purposes include bioceramics, ions and biomolecules. Collagen and bone morphogenetic protein have been suggested as bone stimulating agents. Biofunctionalization of the implant surface with a biomimetic active peptide has also been shown to result in a significant increase in bone-to-implant ratios and an increase in peri-implant bone density.
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Barefoot, Susan F., Bonita A. Glatz, Nathan Gollop und Thomas A. Hughes. Bacteriocin Markers for Propionibacteria Gene Transfer Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573993.bard.
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The antibotulinal baceriocins, propionicin PLG-1 and jenseniin G., were the first to be identified, purified and characterized for the dairy propionibaceria and are produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P127 and P. thoenii/jensenii P126, respectively. Objectives of this project were to (a) produce polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1; (b) identify, clone and characterize the propionicin PLG-1 (plg-1) and jenseniin G (jnG) genes; and (3) develop gene transfer systems for dairy propionibacteria using them as models. Polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1 were produced in rabbits. Anti-PLG-1 antiserum had high titers (256,000 to 512,000), neutralized PLG-1 activity, and detected purified PLG-1 at 0.10 mg/ml (indirect ELISA) and 0.033 mg/ml (competitive indirect ELISA). Thirty-nine of 158 strains (most P. thoenii or P. jensenii) yielded cross-reacting material; four strains of P. thoenii, including two previously unidentified bacteriocin producers, showed biological activity. Eight propionicin-negative P127 mutants produced neither ELISA response nor biological activity. Western blot analyses of supernates detected a PLG-1 band at 9.1 kDa and two additional protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 16.2 and 27.5 kDa. PLG-1 polyclonal antibodies were used for detection of jenseniin G. PLG-1 antibodies neutralized jenseniin G activity and detected a jenseniin G-sized, 3.5 kDa peptide. Preliminary immunoprecipitation of crude preparations with PLG-1 antibodies yielded three proteins including an active 3-4 kDa band. Propionicin PLG-1 antibodies were used to screen a P. jensenii/thoenii P126 genomic expression library. Complete sequencing of a cloned insert identified by PLG-1 antibodies revealed a putative response regulator, transport protein, transmembrane protein and an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding jenseniin G. PCR cloning of the putative plg-1 gene yielded a 1,100 bp fragment with a 355 bp ORF encoding 118 amino acids; the deduced N-terminus was similar to the known PLG-1 N-terminus. The 118 amino acid sequence deduced from the putative plg-1 gene was larger than PLG-1 possibly due to post-translational processing. The product of the putative plg-1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 12.8 kDa, a pI of 11.7, 14 negatively charged residues (Asp+Glu) and 24 positively charged residues (Arg+Lys). The putative plg-1 gene was expressed as an inducible fusion protein with a six-histidine residue tag. Metal affinity chromatography of the fused protein yielded a homogeneous product. The fused purified protein sequence matched the deduced putative plg-1 gene sequence. The data preliminarily suggest that both the plg-1 and jnG genes have been identified and cloned. Demonstrating that antibodies can be produced for propionicin PLG-1 and that those antibodies can be used to detect, monitor and compare activity throughout growth and purification was an important step towards monitoring PLG-1 concentrations in food systems. The unexpected but fortunate cross-reactivity of PLG-1 antibodies with jenseniin G led to selective recovery of jenseniin G by immunoprecipitation. Further refinement of this separation technique could lead to powerful affinity methods for rapid, specific separation of the two bacteriocins and thus facilitate their availability for industrial or pharmaceutical uses. Preliminary identification of genes encoding the two dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins must be confirmed; further analysis will provide means for understanding how they work, for increasing their production and for manipulating the peptides to increase their target species. Further development of these systems would contribute to basic knowledge about dairy propionibacteria and has potential for improving other industrially significant characteristics.
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Paran, Ilan, und Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.
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Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.
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Kapulnik, Yoram, und Donald A. Phillips. Isoflavonoid Regulation of Root Bacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7570561.bard.
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The overall objective of this project was to develop a conceptual framework for enhancing root colonization by beneficial bacteria. To accomplish this aim we tested the hypothesis that production and excretion of the plant phytoalexin medicarpin can be used for creation of a special niche along the legume roots, where beneficial microorganism, such as rhizobium, will have a selective advantage. On the Israeli side it was shown that higher medicarpin levels are exuded following the application of Rhizobium meliloti to the rhizosphere but the specific biochemical pathway governing medicarpin production was not induced significantly enough to support a constant production and excretion of this molecule to the rhizosphere. Furthermore, pathogenic bacteria and chemical elicitors were found to induce higher levels of this phytoalexin and it became important to test its natural abundance in field grown plants. On the US side, the occurrence of flavonoids and nucleosides in agricultural soils has been evaluated and biologically significant quantities of these molecules were identified. A more virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain was isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) which forms tumors on a wide range of plant species. This isolate contains genes that increase competitive colonization abilities on roots by reducing the accumulation of alfalfa isoflavonoids in the bacterial cells. Following gene tagging efforts the US lab found that mutation in the bacterial efflux pump operons of this isolate reduced its competitive abilities. This results support our original hypothesis that detoxification activity of isoflavenoids molecules, based on bacterial gene(s), is an important selection mechanism in the rhizosphere. In addition, we focused on biotin as a regulatory element in the rhizosphere to support growth of some rhizosphere microorganisms and designed a bacterial gene construct carrying the biotin-binding protein, streptavidin. Expressing this gene in tobacco roots did not affect the biotin level but its expression in alfalfa was lethal. In conclusion, the collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward the understanding of rhizosphere activity yielded new knowledge related to the colonization of roots by beneficial microorganisms in the presence of biological active molecules exuded from the plant roots.