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1
Gulyas, H., R. von Bismarck und L. Hemmerling. „Treatment of industrial wastewaters with ozone/hydrogen peroxide“. Water Science and Technology 32, Nr. 7 (01.10.1995): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0217.
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Treatment with ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide was tested in a laboratory scale reactor for removal of organics from four different industrial wastewaters: wastewaters of a paper-mill and of a biotechnical pharmaceutical process as well as two process waters from soil remediation by supercritical water extraction. Moreover, an aqueous solution of triethyleneglycoldimethylether and humic acid which was a model for a biologically treated oil reclaiming wastewater was also oxidized. The aim of the oxidation of the pharmaceutical wastewater was the removal of the preservative 1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (TCMP). Although TCMP could easily be removed from pure aqueous solutions by treatment with ozone/hydrogen peroxide, the oxidation of the wastewater failed to be effective in TCMP degradation because of competitive ozonation of other organic solutes in the wastewater. The ozonation of the paper-mill wastewater and of the soil remediation process waters decreased COD and TOC to some extent. The presence of organic wastewater solutes which contain C-C double bonds (ligninsulfonic acid in the treated paper-mill effluent and humic acid in the oil reclaiming model wastewater) were shown to yield hydrogen peroxide by the reaction with ozone. Therefore, these wastewaters are efficiently ozonated even without addition of hydrogen peroxide. Chemical Oxidation of paper-mill wastewater and of wastewaters resulting from soil remediation did not improve biological degradability of organic wastewater constituents.
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Vítězová, Monika, Anna Kohoutová, Tomáš Vítěz, Nikola Hanišáková und Ivan Kushkevych. „Methanogenic Microorganisms in Industrial Wastewater Anaerobic Treatment“. Processes 8, Nr. 12 (26.11.2020): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121546.
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Over the past decades, anaerobic biotechnology is commonly used for treating high-strength wastewaters from different industries. This biotechnology depends on interactions and co-operation between microorganisms in the anaerobic environment where many pollutants’ transformation to energy-rich biogas occurs. Properties of wastewater vary across industries and significantly affect microbiome composition in the anaerobic reactor. Methanogenic archaea play a crucial role during anaerobic wastewater treatment. The most abundant acetoclastic methanogens in the anaerobic reactors for industrial wastewater treatment are Methanosarcina sp. and Methanotrix sp. Hydrogenotrophic representatives of methanogens presented in the anaerobic reactors are characterized by a wide species diversity. Methanoculleus sp., Methanobacterium sp. and Methanospirillum sp. prevailed in this group. This work summarizes the relation of industrial wastewater composition and methanogen microbial communities present in different reactors treating these wastewaters.
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Gao, Ai Hua, Shui Jiao Yang, Shang Bin Hu, Xiao Qing He und Zhi Guo Lu. „Discharge Plasma for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (Juli 2011): 3075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3075.
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The treatment of industrial wastewaters collected from petrochemical works, gypsum plant, and printing and dyeing mill, was investigated at atmospheric pressure in air discharge plasma. The degradation effects of organic contaminants in water were compared for the printing and dyeing wastewater under different discharging conditions and for the wastewater from the other two plants under the same discharging conditions. The influences of several factors on chemical oxygen demand (COD) remove rate were studied experimentally. The results showed that the treatment effects for the same industrial wastewater differed significant under different discharge conditions. There may be a suitable discharge plasma treatment to specific industrial wastewater. Due to the removal rates of COD of industrial wastewaters with discharge plasma isn’t very high, therefore the discharge plasma water treating needs to combine conventional water treating methods or addition other catalyst to effectively remove organic pollutants in wastewater and obtain the expected treatment effect.
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Ahmed, Mohd Elmuntasir, Adel Al-Haddad und Suad Al-Dufaileej. „Characterization and Profiling of Industrial Wastewater Toxicity in Kuwait“. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13, Nr. 2 (2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2022.13.2.1369.
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Toxicity reduction is a main criterion in prioritizing industrial wastewater treatment objectives. This paper utilized a comprehensive survey of 41 industrial facilities to characterize their wastewater quality parameters and to assess their wastewater toxicity. The 41 factories were grouped under eleven industrial categories. Microtox relative toxicity test results indicated that industrial wastewater in Kuwait are mostly very toxic to toxic with the exception of farms wastewater which was found to be slightly toxic. The highest ranking toxic wastewaters where found to be metal forming, printing, dairy, slaughterhouses, petrochemical, poultry, food, paper and packaging, beverage, and construction materials industries in order. Among the contributing factors to the toxicity of industrial wastewater are temperature, pH, metals, COD, TOC, NH3, TPH, phenol, and BTEX.
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Prokkola, Hanna, Anne Heponiemi, Janne Pesonen, Toivo Kuokkanen und Ulla Lassi. „Reliability of Biodegradation Measurements for Inhibitive Industrial Wastewaters“. ChemEngineering 6, Nr. 1 (03.02.2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6010015.
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Industrial wastewaters may contain toxic or highly inhibitive compounds, which makes the measurement of biological oxygen demand (BOD) challenging. Due to the high concentration of organic compounds within them, industrial wastewater samples must be diluted to perform BOD measurements. This study focused on determining the reliability of wastewater BOD measurement using two different types of industrial wastewater, namely pharmaceutical wastewater containing a total organic carbon (TOC) value of 34,000 mg(C)/L and industrial paper manufacturing wastewater containing a corresponding TOC value of 30 mg(C)/L. Both manometric respirometry and the closed-bottle method were used in the study, and the results were compared. It was found that the dilution wastewaters containing inhibitive compounds affected BOD values, which increased due to the decreased inhibiting effect of wastewater pollutants. Therefore, the correct BOD for effluents should be measured from undiluted samples, while the diluted value is appropriate for determining the maximum value for biodegradable organic material in the effluent. The accuracy of the results from the blank samples was also examined, and it was found that the readings of these were different to those from the samples. Therefore, the blank value that must be subtracted may differ depending on the sample.
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Sreesai, Siranee, und Suthipong Sthiannopkao. „Utilization of zeolite industrial wastewater for removal of copper and zinc from copper-brass pipe industrial wastewaterA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.“ Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, Nr. 4 (April 2009): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-008.
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Utilization of zeolite industrial wastewater as a sorbent and (or) precipitant to remove Cu and Zn from copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater was conducted. These wastewaters were sampled and values for pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and heavy metals were determined. In addition, the sorption isotherms of Cu and Zn in copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater onto solids of zeolite industrial wastewater at various dilutions of copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater were explored. The relationship between Cu and Zn concentrations and their removal efficiencies under different conditions of wastewater pH, contact times, and ratios between copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater and zeolite industrial wastewater was examined. Zeolite industrial wastewater contained various carbonate compounds that contributed to high pH and TDS values, and low heavy metals contamination whereas copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater had a low pH value and was contaminated with heavy metals, especially Cu and Zn. Application of zeolite industrial wastewater significantly increased the pH of copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater and consequently removed Cu and Zn. The increase in pH of the wastewater mixture significantly enhanced the heavy metals removal. The Langmuir equation described sorption isotherms of Cu and Zn onto solids of zeolite industrial wastewater at neutral pH (6–7) while the Freundlich equation fitted well at pH > 12. The maximum Cu (97%–98%) and Zn (92%–96%) removal efficiencies occurred at the original pH 12.8 of zeolite industrial wastewater, at the ratio of copper-brass pipe industrial wastewater to zeolite industrial wastewater 3:1 (vol.:vol.) and at 30 min contact time.
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Gulyas, H. „Processes for the removal of recalcitrant organics from industrial wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 36, Nr. 2-3 (01.07.1997): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0471.
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Processes that are suitable for the elimination of recalcitrant organics from industrial wastewaters are reviewed. Most advantageous are separation processes which enable not only reuse of the water phase but also the recycling of the wastewater constituents. Besides separation processes many degradative wastewater techniques are available. However, for the removal of recalcitrant organics biological processes (which are economically beneficial) cannot be chosen, but a variety of nonbiological degradative processes exist which can be divided into oxidative and reductive technologies. The latter are in the research and development state. The chemical oxidative treatment technologies comprise wastewater incineration and wet air oxidation for wastewaters with high organic concentrations, the so-called advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as e.g. ozone/hydrogen peroxide which generate the nonselective but very powerful oxidant OH radical, and processes with other oxidants as e.g. Fe(VI) compounds or peroxodisulfate. Also electrochemical oxidation of organic wastewater constituents is possible. All degradative processes that do not lead to total mineralization of organic wastewater constituents may form transformation products which sometimes are more toxic than the original organic compounds.
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Böhm, B. „A test method to determine inhibition of nitrification by industrial wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 30, Nr. 6 (01.09.1994): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0265.
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A biotest to investigate wastewaters for the presence of nitrification-inhibiting substances has been developed. The principal feature of the test system is a packed-bed fixed-film biological reactor operated as a differential reactor. The test has been used to determine the effects on nitrification of wastewaters especially from textile and leather industries. Inhibition could be found even when the wastewater was diluted considerably. Tannery sewage may cause particularly severe problems in biological wastewater treatment, as the degree of inhibition of this wastewater has been observed to be similar to that of a solution of 2 mg/L allythiourea.
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Liu, J., und M. Tang. „Wastewater management approach in an industrial park“. Water Science and Technology 2017, Nr. 2 (09.04.2018): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.160.
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Abstract Many industrial parks adopt a two-tier wastewater management framework whereby tenants and the park are required to build satellite and centralized wastewater treatment facilities, respectively. Due to the diversity of industrial wastewaters, the treatment process scheme in the public centralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) may not suit the characteristics of all effluents discharged from the tenants. In consideration of varying wastewater biodegradability, the treatment scheme in a centralized WWTP is advised to install two series of treatment processes. In detail, various effluents from the tenants shall be commingled according to their levels of biodegradability. For the non-biodegradable streams, advanced oxidation processes shall be applied in addition to biological treatments. To facilitate the grouping of effluents, each effluent will be evaluated for its biodegradability. An analytical protocol derived from OECD standard (TG302B) was developed and found effective for biodegradability assessment. A case study is described in this paper to showcase the methodology.
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Zheng, Lina, Qi Liu, Jiajing Liu, Jingni Xiao und Guangjing Xu. „Pollution Control of Industrial Mariculture Wastewater: A Mini-Review“. Water 14, Nr. 9 (26.04.2022): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091390.
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With the rapid development of intensive mariculture, lots of mariculture wastewaters containing residual feed and excrements are discharged into marinelands, leading to coastal pollution. Recently, the environmental problems caused by the discharge of mariculture wastewater have been paid much attention, as have other breeding industries in China. In fact, organic solid waste accounts for most of the pollutants and can be reduced by precipitation or filtration technologies, after which the supernatant can be easily treated by ecological methods. Some national guidelines and relevant local standards have been issued to strictly control the mariculture wastewater, but there are still few effective technologies for mariculture wastewater treatment due to its high salinity and extremely low pollutant concentration. This paper aims to propose feasible pollution control methods of mariculture wastewater according to the wastewater characteristics from different mariculture modes. For raw ammonia-based wastewater, it should be sequentially treated by precipitation, nitrification and denitrification and ecological methods, which would target solid waste, organic carbon/nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively. For the nitrate-based wastewater, this just needs denitrification filters and ecological methods for nitrate and phosphorus removal. After an overview of pollution control strategies for different types and scales of industrial mariculture wastewater treatment, some challenges are also mentioned.
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Tuin, B. J. W., R. Geerts, J. B. Westerink und C. G. van Ginkel. „Pretreatment and biotreatment of saline industrial wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 53, Nr. 3 (01.02.2006): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.072.
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Wastewater from an Akzo Nobel production site contains more than 50 g/l total dissolved salts, mainly chlorides and sulphates, and is currently being treated after 10–20× dilution. Biological treatment of undiluted or less diluted wastewater is very desirable for environmental and economic reasons. Possibilities were investigated in laboratory scale reactors to treat this highly saline and high strength wastewater aerobically, either after long adaptation or after removing part of the salts by a pretreatment. Adaptation and selection from mixed activated sludge populations took approximately 40 days to finally achieve a COD removal in aerobic treatment of 55–65% at two times dilution (11–16 g/l chloride and 5–7 g/l sulphate). Undiluted wastewater was not treatable. A higher removal percentage (>80%) was possible at the original high salt concentration only when the sludge load was limited to approximately 0.4–0.5 kg COD/kg sludge/day. A longer adaptation time was required. Nanofiltration (NF) and crystallization could be used as a pretreatment to remove and recover up to 80% of the sulphate in the form of crystallized Glauber salt. Recovery strongly depended on the sulphate and chloride concentration in the NF concentrate and on crystallization temperature. The salt (sulphate) reduction through the NF improved the removal efficiency of a consecutive biotreatment only at a relatively low chloride level, demonstrating that the combination of nanofiltration-crystallization-aerobic biodegradation is less feasible for very saline wastewaters. Anaerobic pretreatment of saline waters turned out to be rather sensitive to high salinities. Only wastewater diluted to 10 g/l chloride could be treated well: sulphate concentration decreased by 80% and COD by 40%. Removal efficiencies of the combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment were approximately 80–85%, proving that this was a feasible route for 2–3× diluted wastewater. The study has shown that several alternatives are available for treatment of the very saline wastewaters at a much lower degree of dilution than currently practiced.
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Toczyłowska-Mamińska, Renata, und Mariusz Ł. Mamiński. „Wastewater as a Renewable Energy Source—Utilisation of Microbial Fuel Cell Technology“. Energies 15, Nr. 19 (21.09.2022): 6928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196928.
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An underappreciated source of renewable energy is wastewater, both municipal and industrial, with global production exceeding 900 km3 a year. Wastewater is currently perceived as a waste that needs to be treated via energy-consuming processes. However, in the current environmental nexus, traditional wastewater treatment uses 1700–5100 TWh of energy on a global scale. The application of modern and innovative treatment techniques, such as microbial fuel cells (MFC), would allow the conversion of wastewater’s chemical energy into electricity without external energy input. It has been demonstrated that the chemically bound energy in globally produced wastewater exceeds 2.5 × 104 TWh, which is sufficient to meet Europe’s annual energy demand. The aim of this paper is to answer the following questions. How much energy is bound in municipal and industrial wastewaters? How much of that energy can be extracted? What benefits will result from alternative techniques of waste treatment? The main finding of this report is that currently achieved energy recovery efficiencies with the use of microbial fuel cells technology can save about 20% of the chemical energy bound in wastewater, which is 5000 TWh on a global scale. The recovery of energy from wastewater via MFC technology can reach as much as 15% of global energy demands.
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El Bakraoui, Houria, Miloudia Slaoui, Jamal Mabrouki, Driss Hmouni und Céline Laroche. „Recent Trends on Domestic, Agricultural and Industrial Wastewaters Treatment Using Microalgae Biorefinery System“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 1 (21.12.2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010068.
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In addition to producing bioenergy and molecules with high added value, microalgae have been recognized as an efficient microorganism for wastewater treatment. However, a major obstacle preventing its widespread use is the high energy cost of pretreatment, cultivation and downstream processes. Different types of wastewaters have been tested as culture mediums for microalgal biorefinery system. This review gives a summary of the most used microalgae strains for wastewater treatment, as well as information on the physical and chemical characteristics of domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastewaters. It also discusses wastewater pretreatment techniques, nutrient uptake and removal, biomass production and biomolecules productivities. There is also discussion on how microalgae remove contaminants from wastewater. Additionally, the problems and restrictions of microalgae-based wastewater treatment are explored, and recommendations are made for additional study and advancement. This literature review demonstrates that microalgae monoculture systems have proven to be beneficial as an innovative wastewater treatment technology, due to its high efficiencies in pollutant removals and biomolecule production; however, the upstream and downstream treatment pose a limit to industrialize the process. Until now, there has been no conventional design of the wastewater treatment process using microalgae in the biorefinery system, which constitutes a huge gap to assess a real life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno economic analysis (TEA).
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Zubareva, G. I. „FLOTATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT“. Construction and Geotechnics 10, Nr. 2 (15.12.2019): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.4.07.
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The necessity of measures to prevent environmental pollution by industrial emissions, in particular sewage, is substantiated. It has been shown that one of the most promising methods for cleaning industrial wastewater is flotation. Its essence, characteristics and types of flotation are discussed. The factors that determine the use of different types of flotation for the treatment of industrial wastewater are listed. It is shown that the flotation method can be used to concentrate various in nature pollutants from industrial wastes: suspended solids, petroleum products, fats, heavy metal ions, surfactants. It has been established that pressure flotation, electroflotation and ion flotation are most widely used in the practice of cleaning industrial wastewaters. Their advantages compared with other types of flotation are considered. The reasons constraining the widespread use of flotation methods for the treatment of industrial wastewater are discussed. Examples of effective technological schemes for wastewater treatment of a number of industries (oil refineries, meat industry, hydrometallurgical industry, electroplating industry), including the stage of flotation treatment of wastewater are given. The factors that determine the use of flotation treatment of wastewater in technological schemes at a certain stage of industrial effluent treatment are determined. The conclusion was made about the universality of the flotation method, which allows to effectively remove a wide range of contaminants from industrial wastewater, and also successfully combine with widely known purification methods in technological schemes as a preliminary, basic method of purification or additional treatment of effluent up to regulatory requirements.
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Väänänen, Pentti, Pekka Pouttu und Timo Kulmala. „Joint Treatment of Industrial and Municipal Wastewater – Case Project: City of Kotka, Finland“. Water Science and Technology 25, Nr. 1 (01.01.1992): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0013.
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The National Board of Waters in Finland has proposed a study on the joint treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters of the City of Kotka. This study is of great interest due to the large forest products industry and food industry in Kotka. All of the wastewaters from the forest products and the food industry and the municipal sewage have been found to be suitable for biological treatment, which makes the joint treatment applicable. An activated sludge process is selected because it takes advantage of the large amount of nutrients in the municipal sewage and it has proved to be the most efficient treatment method for forest industry wastewaters. However, municipal wastewater contains more nutrients than needed for the biological process, which can cause eutrophication problems in the watercourse. To reduce the pollution caused by the nutrients, chemical treatment of the wastewater is also proposed in the joint treatment. It was concluded that the joint treatment of wastewater is economically, technically and environmentally the best way to arrange wastewater treatment for the industry and the city.
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Zaffaroni, C., G. Daigger, P. Nicol und T. W. Lee. „Wastewater treatment challenges faced by the petrochemical and refinery industry, and opportunities for water reuse“. Water Practice and Technology 11, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.012.
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Industrial wastewater differs from municipal wastewater. The limits for treated effluent discharge and targets for re-use are typically the same, and derived from the best available technology for municipal wastewater treatment. The main treatment unitary processes are also the same; although proper adaptation to specific, different, industrial wastewater streams is needed. This paper provides some examples of the challenges presented by specific wastewater sources (high total dissolved solids, high temperature, spent caustic, etc.), lack of previous similar experience – e.g., using membrane bioreactors for refinery wastewaters, and/or absorption chillers, and plate and frame heat exchangers) or to legislation protecting sensitive environments (limits on total nitrogen or soluble metals). The methods by which these were faced and overcome to achieve treatment and/or re-use standards are described. General water cycle optimization issues around industrial facilities with appropriate use of existing wastewater treatment units are also discussed, as well as selecting between treated municipal and industrial effluents as sources for water re-use.
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Tünay, Olcay, Isik Kabdasli, Derin Orhon und Saadettin Kolçak. „Ammonia removal by magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation in industrial wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 36, Nr. 2-3 (01.07.1997): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0524.
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In this study, the theoretical basis and limitations of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation are investigated and experimentally tested for leather tanning industry. The MAP precipitation is applied to leather tanning wastewaters for both segregated flows containing high ammonia concentrations and combined flows. Segregated flow treatment on smaller volumes of wastewater provided an ammonia concentration of down to 150 mg l−1 NH3-N. The resulting ammonia concentration of MAP precipitation on combined wastewater is at the level of domestic wastewater which eliminates the need of further nitrogen removal in the biological treatment and provides an effluent quality acceptable for the public sewer.
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Viraraghavan, T., und A. Ayyaswami. „Use of peat in water pollution control: a review“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, Nr. 2 (01.04.1987): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-035.
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Peat, besides being plentiful and inexpensive, possesses several other qualities that make it an effective medium for the removal of pollutants. This paper presents a review of its use in water pollution control — in the treatment of sanitary and industrial wastewaters. Key words: peat, water pollution control, wastewater treatment, onsite wastewater systems, industrial wastes.
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Paśmionka, Iwona B., Piotr Herbut, Grzegorz Kaczor, Krzysztof Chmielowski, Janina Gospodarek, Elżbieta Boligłowa, Marta Bik-Małodzińska und Frederico Márcio C. Vieira. „Influence of COD in Toxic Industrial Wastewater from a Chemical Concern on Nitrification Efficiency“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 21 (29.10.2022): 14124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114124.
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COD is an arbitrary indicator of the content of organic and inorganic compounds in wastewater. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of COD of industrial wastewater on the nitrification process. This research covered wastewater from acrylonitrile and styrene–butadiene rubbers, emulsifiers, polyvinyl acetate, styrene, solvents (butyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and owipian® (self-extinguishing polystyrene intended for expansion) production. The volume of the analyzed wastewater reflected the active sludge load in the real biological treatment system. This research was carried out by the method of short-term tests. The nitrification process was inhibited to the greatest extent by wastewater from the production of acrylonitrile (approx. 51%) and styrene–butadiene (approx. 60%) rubbers. In these wastewaters, nitrification inhibition occurred due to the high COD load and the presence of inhibitors. Four-fold dilution of the samples resulted in a two-fold reduction in the inhibition of nitrification. On the other hand, in the wastewater from the production of emulsifiers and polyvinyl acetate, a two-fold reduction in COD (to the values of 226.4 mgO2·dm−3 and 329.8 mgO2·dm−3, respectively) resulted in a significant decrease in nitrification inhibition. Wastewater from the production of styrene, solvents (butyl acetate, ethyl acetate) and owipian® inhibited nitrification under the influence of strong inhibitors. Lowering the COD value of these wastewaters did not significantly reduce the inhibition of nitrification.
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Hao, Oliver J., Shin Chien-Jen, Lin Cheng-Fang, Jeng Fu-Tien und Chen Zen-Chyuan. „Use of microtox tests for screening industrial wastewater toxicity“. Water Science and Technology 34, Nr. 10 (01.11.1996): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0237.
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Conventional parameters such as chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids may not detect toxic compounds present in a variety of industrial wastewaters and treated wastes. Thus, the presence of toxicity in many industrial wastes presents a significant impact on biological wastewater treatment, and exerts adverse effects on receiving waters. Because of their easy technique and rapid turnaround results, the Microtox tests were used in this study to pinpoint unusual wastewaters, evaluate the toxicity reduction through activated sludge processes, observe the impact of excessive chemical addition to meet the transparency standard, and measure the impact of waste discharge on one particular receiving water. It was found that the results of Microtox tests were useful for such purposes; i.e., low COD wastes exhibited high Microtox toxicity; some activated sludge processes removed significant toxicity; and some effluents from coagulation/oxidation processes showed an increased toxicity. The application of the Microtox test to wastewater management is discussed.
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Verijkazemi, Kobra, und Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh. „Simulation of an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant by Up-flow Anaerobic Fixed Bed Bioreactor Based on an Artificial Neural Network“. Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 9, Nr. 1 (29.06.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2022.01.
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Given the variable nature of industrial wastewaters, the appropriate operation of an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a prerequisite for keeping process stability at ideal conditions. In this respect, an artificial neural network (ANN) can be a powerful device for the prediction of treatment performance. This study assessed some qualitative parameters of industrial wastewater (Amol Industrial Estate) during a one-year operating period. The wastewater treatment process consisted of an equalization tank, up-flow anaerobic fixed bed (UAFB) bioreactor, activated sludge tank, sedimentation tank, and chlorination basin. The ANN was utilized to estimate the system efficiency of the UAFB process. The outcomes demonstrated an extraordinary arrangement between the real and simulated data (R2>0.8). This model supplied a proper device for forecasting the implementation of WWTPs. Continuous checking elements could be used for the simulation of wastewater specifications.
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Rueda Márquez, Juan, Irina Levchuk und Mika Sillanpää. „Application of Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Industrial and Urban Wastewater Treatment: A Review“. Catalysts 8, Nr. 12 (19.12.2018): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120673.
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Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) is emerging as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) of significant promise, which is mainly due to its efficiency for the decomposition of recalcitrant organic compounds in industrial and urban wastewaters and relatively low operating costs. In current study, we have systemised and critically discussed the feasibility of CWPO for industrial and urban wastewater treatment. More specifically, types of catalysts the effect of pH, temperature, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations on the efficiency of CWPO were taken into consideration. The operating and maintenance costs of CWPO applied to wastewater treatment and toxicity assessment were also discussed. Knowledge gaps were identified and summarised. The main conclusions of this work are: (i) catalyst leaching and deactivation is one of the main problematic issues; (ii) majority of studies were performed in semi-batch and batch reactors, while continuous fixed bed reactors were not extensively studied for treatment of real wastewaters; (iii) toxicity of wastewaters treated by CWPO is of key importance for possible application, however it was not studied thoroughly; and, (iv) CWPO can be regarded as economically viable for wastewater treatment, especially when conducted at ambient temperature and natural pH of wastewater.
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Cornacchio, L., E. R. Hall und J. T. Trevors. „Modified Anaerobic Serum Bottle Testing Procedures for Industrial Wastewaters L“. Water Quality Research Journal 23, Nr. 3 (01.08.1988): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.033.
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Abstract Serum bottle bioassay techniques are batch procedures which provide a cost efficient alternative to continuous flow studies for determining anaerobic treatability characteristics of an industrial wastewater. In addition, the toxic effect of the wastewater on the anaerobic microorganisms is easily assessed in a relatively short period of time. As part of a study to screen the anaerobic treatability characteristics of a large number of industrial wastewaters, additional research was carried out to modify the original serum bottle procedures for routine use. Several experiments were completed in which the relative proportions of inoculum, nutrient medium, and wastewater were varied. This permitted assay conditions to be optimized to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive lags in inoculum activity, while providing for the testing of a wide range of wastewater concentrations. The effect of changing the total assay volume on the requirement for monitoring biogas accumulation and composition was also investigated.
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Žgajnar Gotvajn, A., und J. Zagorc-Končan. „Identification of inhibitory effects of industrial effluents on nitrification“. Water Science and Technology 59, Nr. 4 (01.02.2009): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.060.
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The aim of our work was to determine the extent of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation (ISO 8192 2007) for various wastewaters. We have selected several types of wastewaters different in their origin and composition: pharmaceutical wastewater, tannery wastewater and municipal landfill leachate. To confirm results of toxicity testing, additional ready biodegradability assessment test with measurement of oxygen consumption was accomplished to indicate the impact of effluents to nitrification process. Pharmaceutical wastewater was toxic to activated sludge, but it inhibited heterotrophic microorganisms much more than nitrifying ones. Biodegradability testing confirmed low impact to nitrification by high, non-suppressed oxygen consumption for nitrification process. Tannery effluent inhibited nitrification significantly (180 min EC50 was 57 vol.%), but it did not affect heterotrophic microorganisms. Landfill leachate was very toxic to heterotrophic microorganisms (180 min EC50 was 3 vol.%), while it inhibited nitrification less (180 min EC50 was 24 vol.%). Presented research confirmed that the investigated experimental method is a reliable one for detection of occurrence of substances inhibiting nitrification in different industrial effluents. With regular monitoring of inhibitory impact biological treatment process upsets could be avoided and treatment optimised.
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Kamaz, Mohanad, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe, Satchithanandam Eswaranandam, Wen Zhang, Steven M. Jones, Michael J. Watts und Xianghong Qian. „Investigation into Micropollutant Removal from Wastewaters by a Membrane Bioreactor“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 8 (16.04.2019): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081363.
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Direct potable reuse of wastewater is attractive as the demand for potable water increases. However, the presence of organic micropollutants in industrial and domestic wastewater is a major health and environmental concern. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are not designed to remove these compounds. Further many of these emerging pollutants are not regulated. Membrane bioreactor based biological wastewater treatment has recently become a preferred method for treating municipal and other industrial wastewaters. Here the removal of five selected micropollutants representing different classes of emerging micropollutants has been investigated using a membrane bioreactor. Acetaminophen, amoxicillin, atrazine, estrone, and triclosan were spiked into wastewaters obtained from a local wastewater treatment facility prior to introduction to the membrane bioreactor containing both anoxic and aerobic tanks. Removal of these compounds by adsorption and biological degradation was determined for both the anoxic and aerobic processes. The removal as a function of operating time was investigated. The results obtained here suggest that removal may be related to the chemical structure of the micropollutants.
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Bode, H. „Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewater“. Water Science and Technology 20, Nr. 4-5 (01.04.1988): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0166.
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The paper evaluates the question of whether a combined anaerobic-aerobic or a solely aerobic treatment of some particular industrial wastewaters leads to better results. Therefore three different industrial wastewaters were treated in two different process lines: one line consisted of anaerobic treatment prior to aerobic treatment and in the other, only aerobic treatment was applied. The experiments were run with wastewater from:–the pectin industry–the sugar industry (beet sugar)–the animal pulp industry. The data presented in this paper were gained from experimental work which was conducted over a period of two years. Different scales of treatment plants were used. The anaerobic treatment was done in full- and semitechnical scale reactors, while the aerobic treatment took place in labscale and semitechnical scale plants. Surprisingly in all three cases the solely aerobic treatment led to slightly better results in terms of residual pollution. Finally the paper presents data gained from a recently built, full-scale anaerobic-aerobic process which treats pectin waste. The aerobic stage of the process was designed on the basis of the results from the experimental work which was mentioned above. The results from the former experimental work and from the full-scale operation are compared.
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Orupõld, K., K. Hellat und T. Tenno. „Estimation of treatability of different industrial wastewaters by activated sludge oxygen uptake measurements“. Water Science and Technology 40, Nr. 1 (01.07.1999): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0008.
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The activated sludge short-term respiration measurement is proposed for assessing the properties of activated sludge and biological treatability of wastewaters. Different influents to the wastewater treatment plant were analyzed and compared on the basis of exogenous oxygen uptake rates of activated sludge. The kinetic parameters of biodegradation processes were determined by monitoring the degradation-associated oxygen consumption in tests with different amounts of wastewaters from textile industries and tanneries. The short-term oxygen demands in the tests formed 25-45% of the biochemical oxygen demand of the textile industry wastewater.
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Poi, Gregory, Esmaeil Shahsavari, Arturo Aburto-Medina und Andrew S. Ball. „Bioaugmentation: an effective commercial technology for the removal of phenols from wastewater“. Microbiology Australia 38, Nr. 2 (2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17035.
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Phenol represents a huge problem in industrial wastewater effluents and needs to be removed due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature. The removal of phenol from the wastewater is often both expensive and time consuming; there is therefore a requirement for a more effective, sustainable solution for the removal of phenol from wastewaters. Bioaugmentation or the addition of phenol degrading microorganisms to contaminated effluents is one such sustainable approach being considered. Here, we describe how bioaugmentation has been applied for the biological treatment of phenol in industrial wastewaters.
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van Dijk, L., und G. C. G. Roncken. „Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: the state of the art and new developments“. Water Science and Technology 35, Nr. 10 (01.05.1997): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0353.
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The combination of membrane separation technology and bioreactors has lead to a new focus on wastewater treatment. The application of membranes has led to very compact wastewater treatment systems with an excellent effluent quality. For concentrated wastewaters, like industrial streams and landfill leachate the membrane bioreactor has been applied at full scale successfully. The relatively high energy requirements have hindered the wide spread application of membrane bioreactors. Using new membrane techniques, like transfer flow modules, creates the possibilities of a more widespread application. This opens possibilities for far going reuse of wastewater, both industrial and municipal, decrease in sludge production and small-footprint bioreactors for less concentrated wastewater streams.
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Chowdhury, Manjushree, Israil Hossain, Amal Kanti Deb und Tapan Kumar Biswas. „Removal of Toxicants from Leather Industrial Wastewater Using Sawdust Filter Media and Ferric Oxide Coagulant“. Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, Nr. 2 (25.04.2019): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350213.
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The leather industrial wastewaters are a major source of water pollution among all industrial sector considering both quantity and composition. This research study was focused on the current chemical and physical parameters of tannery wastewater and treatment processes through sawdust filter media and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) coagulant. The study found that tannery wastewater contained exceptionally high values of TDS, TSS, TS, BOD, COD, SO42-, Cl-, Na, Ca, chromium, lead, cadmium and arsenic and theses parameters of the composite were exceeded the standard discharge limits which are considered as toxicants for the environment. The wastewaters were filtered by saw-dust filtration processes and then treated with different dosage of Fe2O3. The experiment elucidated that the filtration technique could minimize certain amount of toxicant load from the wastewater but not efficient enough to practise the technique alone using as wastewater treatment. The chemical interaction with 100 mg/L coagulant (Fe2O3) dosage at pH~9 showed the best result of the major parameters. The study suggested that both combined physical (filtration) and chemical (Fe2O3, coagulants) treatment processes could be fruitful to reduce the toxicants load from tannery wastewater.
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Meidl, John, und CC Lu. „Wastewater treatment: Raising the standard of industrial wastewater“. Filtration & Separation 43, Nr. 10 (Dezember 2006): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(06)71039-4.
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Moreno-Andrade, Iván, Gloria Moreno, Gopalakrishnan Kumar und Germán Buitrón. „Biohydrogen production from industrial wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 71, Nr. 1 (22.11.2014): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.471.
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The feasibility of producing hydrogen from various industrial wastes, such as vinasses (sugar and tequila industries), and raw and physicochemical-treated wastewater from the plastic industry and toilet aircraft wastewater, was evaluated. The results showed that the tequila vinasses presented the maximum hydrogen generation potential, followed by the raw plastic industry wastewater, aircraft wastewater, and physicochemical-treated wastewater from the plastic industry and sugar vinasses, respectively. The hydrogen production from the aircraft wastewater was increased by the adaptation of the microorganisms in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor.
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Cappai, G., A. Carucci und A. Onnis. „Use of industrial wastewaters for the optimization and control of nitrogen removal processes“. Water Science and Technology 50, Nr. 6 (01.09.2004): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0354.
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In this experimental study the characterization of 2 industrial wastewaters, coming from an ice cream production industry (IW1) and a beet-sugar factory (IW2), with respect to their readily biodegradable fraction and denitrification potential, has been performed. To this end physical-chemical and biological characterization methods, both anoxic and aerobic, were used. Moreover a pilot scale SBR fed with municipal wastewater was started to verify the effect of the gradual addition of the concentrated organic wastewaters during the anoxic phase. The SBR was initially fed only with a primary municipal wastewater, then the organic load was increased by adding to the feed, during the anoxic phase, a small amount of the IW1 (second period). Once the initial conditions were restored the load was again raised using the second industrial wastewater (IW2) (third period). With those additions the nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 26% to 50%, in the case of the IW1 and from 23% to 53% in the case of the wastewater IW2, without any negative effect on the global performance of the system. In addition, periodical kinetic studies of denitrification and nitrification in the SBR, were performed.
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Lettinga, G., und L. W. Hulshoff Pol. „UASB-Process Design for Various Types of Wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 24, Nr. 8 (01.10.1991): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0220.
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In this paper the design of UASB-reactors is discussed for different types of wastewater, viz. industrial soluble non-complex wastewaters, SS-rich complex wastewaters and domestic sewage. The paper not only deals with the UASB-reactor design, but also with other treatment steps, pre- as well as post-treatment, that are required for as complete as possible overall wastewater purification.
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Irshad, Muhammad Atif, Muhammad Ahmad Humayoun, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Rab Nawaz, Muhammad Arshad, Ali Irfan und Magdi E. A. Zaki. „Green and Eco-Friendly Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract Combined with a Silver Nitrate Solution“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 1 (21.12.2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010081.
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The present study was conducted to treat textile industrial wastewater through the combination of green and synthetic solutions. Two case studies were applied for the treatment of wastewater. In the first case, discharged industrial effluent was reacted with Azadirachta Indica leaf extract solution for a 4 to 72 h retention time. After the reaction, some pollutants were treated but most required higher retention time and concentration of A. indica extract, which could be a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment. In the second case, the discharged industrial effluent was reacted with A. indica solution with silver nitrate AgNO3 solution and was used as a treating agent for wastewater with a 4 to 72 h retention time. The second case was found to be better than the first case as it treated a greater number of pollutants. Moreover, treatment plant design feasibilities will be required for the application of findings of the present study on an industrial scale. This study can be useful to improve industrial estate’s environmental conditions for reducing pollution by industrial wastewater. There is also a need to raise environmental awareness regarding wastewater’s health effects in local communities.
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Egamberdiev, N. B., Zilola Sharipjonova, Bobur Nasibov, A. O. Khomidov, M. I. Alimova und A. A. Abdumalikov. „Biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater of a brewery in Uzbekistan“. E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126401055.
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During the period of water shortage in the Republic, modern resource-saving irrigation methods and the use of purified and industrial waters and their reuse in irrigation is an urgent problem in ecology. Among the methods for treating industrial wastewater in a cheaper, cost effective way is the biological treatment method. It is the study of the effectiveness of biological treatment of industrial wastewater from primary winemaking using selected strains of aquatic plants (pistia). The object of wastewater research is selecting a Pistia algae strain, carrying out biochemical, hydrochemical analyses of wastewater before and after treatment, and the chemical composition of the Pistia algae biomass. All studies were carried out according to the standard studies of UzGOST for waste and drinking water and algological methods used by the Institute of Botany of ANRUz, State Enterprise "Institute GIDROINGEO", etc. The efficiency of biological purification of wastewaters of primary winemaking by higher aquatic plants of the pistia was established. With the help of the research carried out, the wastewater treatment of the food plant, in particular, the Kibray wine station with the Pistia algae, was established: the optimal parameters of growth, development and purification capacity of pistia algae were established for various variants of experiments and wastewater samples; designed and assembled a semi-industrial plant for biological wastewater treatment of the Kibray wine station and carried out work on industrial wastewater treatment. Wastewater from the Kibray wine station contains organic compounds, namely yeast sediments, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, which are food for Pistia algae. Pistia biomass obtained after cultivation in wastewater after sterilization can be used as feed in livestock and poultry farming, as it contains a large number of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
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Sultana, Mar-Yam, Christos Akratos, Dimitrios Vayenas und Stavros Pavlou. „Constructed wetlands in the treatment of agro-industrial wastewater: A review“. Chemical Industry 69, Nr. 2 (2015): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind150121018s.
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Due to their simplicity and low operation cost, constructed wetlands are becoming more prevalent in wastewater treatment all over the world. Their range of applications is no longer limited to municipal wastewater but has expanded to the treatment of heavily polluted wastewaters such as agro-industrial effluents. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the application of constructed wetlands in treating a variety of agro-industrial wastewaters, and discusses pollutant surface loads and the role of constructed wetland type, prior-treatment stages and plant species in pollutant removal efficiency. Results indicate that constructed wetlands can tolerate high pollutant loads and toxic substances without losing their removal ability, thus these systems are very effective bio-reactors even in hostile environments. Additionally, the review outlines issues that could improve pollutant treatment efficiency and proposes design and operation suggestions such as suitable vegetation, porous media and constructed wetland plain view. Finally, a decision tree for designing constructed wetlands treating agro-industrial wastewaters provides an initial design tool for scientists and engineers.
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Inizan, M., A. Freval, J. Cigana und J. Meinhold. „Aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for industrial wastewater treatment“. Water Science and Technology 52, Nr. 10-11 (01.11.2005): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0710.
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Aerobic granulation seems to be an a attractive process for COD removal from industrial wastewater, characterised by a high content of soluble organic compounds. In order to evaluate the practical aspects of the process, comparative experimental tests are performed on synthetic and on industrial wastewater, originating from pharmaceutical industry. Two pilot plants are operated as sequencing batch bubble columns. Focus was put on the feasibility of the process for high COD removal and on its operational procedure. For both wastewaters, a rapid formation of aerobic granules is observed along with a high COD removal rate. Granule characteristics are quite similar with respect to the two types of wastewater. It seems that filamentous bacteria are part of the granule structure and that phosphorus precipitation can play an important role in granule formation. For both wastewaters similar removal performances for dissolved biodegradable COD are observed (> 95%). However, a relatively high concentration of suspended solids in the outlet deteriorates the performance with regard to total COD removal. Biomass detachment seems to play a non-negligible role in the current set-up. After a stable operational phase the variation of the pharmaceutical wastewater caused a destabilisation and loss of the granules, despite the control for balanced nutrient supply. The first results with real industrial wastewater demonstrate the feasibility of this innovative process. However, special attention has to be paid to the critical aspects such as granule stability as well as the economic competitiveness, which both will need further investigation and evaluation.
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Pols, H. B., und G. H. Harmsen. „INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT TODAY AND TOMORROW“. Water Science and Technology 30, Nr. 3 (01.08.1994): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0076.
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The way we treat our wastewater nowadays is not always favourable for improving the quality of our environment. Indeed, the quality of the surface waters has increased by the high investments we have made in our treatment facilities, but it cannot be denied that these same facilities have a major impact on other environmental issues. From ibis point of view the question is raised as to which treatment techniques are favourable not only for the water phase, but also from the viewpoint of energy, waste production and renewal of resources. Over thirty techniques, all of them chemical/physical treatment techniques, have been reviewed, especially for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. More importantly, these techniques have been analysed thoroughly in a multi-criteria-analysis, not only for their environmental impacts, but also on criteria influencing the implementation of these techniques. From ibis multi-criteria-analysis the most favourable treatment technique to be developed and implemented may be chosen.
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Rintala, J. „High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 24, Nr. 1 (01.07.1991): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0011.
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Anaerobic mesophilic treatment of synthetic (a mixture of acetate and methanol) and thermomechanical pulping (TMP) wastewater was studied in laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors and filters with emphasis on the process start-up. The reactors were inoculated with nongranular sludge. The start-up of mesophilic and thermophilic processes inoculated with mesophilic granular sludge was investigated in UASB reactors fed with diluted vinasse. The start-up proceeded faster in the filters than in the UASB reactors with TMP and synthetic wastewater. Loading rates of over 15 kgCODm−3d−1 with 50-60 % COD removal efficiencies were achieved in 10 days in the mesophilic and in 50 days in the thermophilic UASB reactor treating vinasse. The results show that high-rate anaerobic treatment can be applied to different types of industrial wastewaters under varying conditions.
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Vithalani, Priya, Ankita Murnal, Parthvi Akheja, Unnati Yagnik und Nikhil Bhatt. „Review on Recent Technologies for Industrial Wastewater Treatment“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 8 (31.08.2022): 1752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46495.
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Abstract: Textile industry plays key role in any country for its basic needs and urbanization. Due to high demand in textile area, it generates massive amount of toxic wastewater. Generated wastewaters possess impurities and toxicity because of textile dyes containing complex organic chromophore groups. Direct release of wastewater creates lots of environmental issues. Treatments of textile effluent is not easily carried out by physical, chemical and biological methods without any affect. Nanoparticle mediated degradation trending presently but it contains metallic harmful effect so, further study cannot be focused on nanoparticles. However, biological methods are more reliable and environmental friendly for treatment. Various aerobic and anaerobic techniques were developed for treatment of textile effluent. In pilot scale study, researchers had established different types of bioreactors and tried to apply it on large scale in industries. Still, that methods are not that much efficient at large scale. So, advancement of treatment must be carried out by investigator such as microbial fuel cell reactors and biological integration with different physical and chemical processes
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Tay, Joo-Hwa, und Peng-Cheong Chui. „Reclaimed Wastewater for Industrial Application“. Water Science and Technology 24, Nr. 9 (01.11.1991): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0245.
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For highly urbanized cities with limited potable water resources, reclaimed wastewater may be one of the feasible alternative water sources. Reclaimed wastewater can be used for toilet flushing, cooling, washing, general cleaning and watering plants. It can also be used as process water for industries that manufacture papers, textiles, plastic goods, chemicals, rubber and steel products. Reclaimed wastewater can replace potable water in cooling systems of refineries and as mixing water and curing agent for concrete making.
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Al-Muzaini, Saleh, und Ahmad A. Ghosn. „Fate of Conventional/Priority Organic Pollutants Associated with Wastewater Reuse in Soil Irrigation in Kuwait“. Water Science and Technology 40, Nr. 7 (01.10.1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0314.
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Soil contamination from conventional/priority organic pollutants associated the reuse of wastewater for agricultural irrigation in selected sites in Kuwait is assessed in this paper using a laboratory pilot plant designed for this purpose. The permeated wastewaters included industrial and tertiary treated wastewaters from different industrial and wastewater treatment plants in Kuwait. Tab (potable) water will be also used as a reference base. The investigated soil sites covered representative agricultural areas in Kuwait including Al-Wafra, Al-Abdally and Sulaibiya agricultural sites. The soil characteristics in these sites are presented. The preliminary results of pilot plant tests for Abdally area soils are discussed herein and related conclusions and remarks are outlined.
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Pandey, Bharat Chandra, und Sangita Gupta. „Review: Wastewater Treatment in Different Industries“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 8 (31.08.2022): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46245.
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Abstract: Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation). The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater (also called municipal wastewater or sewage), the treatment plant is called a sewage treatment plant. For industrial wastewater, treatment either takes place in a separate industrial wastewater treatment plant, or in a sewage treatment plant (usually after some form of pre-treatment). Further types of wastewater treatment plants include agricultural wastewater treatment plants and leachate treatment plants. Processes commonly used in wastewater treatment include phase separation (such as sedimentation), biological and chemical processes (such as oxidation) or polishing. The main by-product from wastewater treatment plants is a type of sludge which is usually treated in the same or another wastewater treatment plant. Biogas can be another by-product if anaerobic treatment processes are used. Treated wastewater can be reused as reclaimed water. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is for the treated wastewater to be able to be disposed or reused safely. However, before it is treated, the options for disposal or reuse must be considered so the correct treatment process is used on the wastewater. Performance ofstate owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes. The development of innovative technologies for treatment of wastewaters from various industries isa matter of alarming concern for us. Although many research papers have been reported on wastewater pollution control studies, but a very few research work is carried out for treatment of wastewater of steel industries, especially in reference to development ofdesign of industrial effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)system. Another beneficial aspect of this research work will be recycling, reuse of water and sludge from steel industry The whole technologies for treating industrial wastewater can be divided into four categories: - Chemical, Physical, Biological and mathematical approaches.
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Kiestra, H., und E. Eggers. „Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 18, Nr. 3 (01.03.1986): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0032.
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A general analysis is made of the current treatment methods for industrial wastewater. Mechanical, physico-chemical and biological treatment processes are discussed and the pros and contras of aerobic versus anaerobic treatment are listed, in terms of BOD and COD reduction, energy demand, operational aspects, land use, sensitivity and sludge production. In general, anaerobic treatment is attractive in cases where wastewater with high BOD concentrations has to be treated while aerobic treatment is less sensitive and allows (de) nitrification in the same reactor. The latest developments in wastewater treatment, such as the ANAMET and the Gist-Brocades systems, are presented. Three cases of industrial wastewater treatment are elaborated, concerning effluents from a tannery, a slaughterhouse and an oil refinery.
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Li, Lili, Yaobo Shi, Yun Huang, Anlu Xing und Hao Xue. „The Effect of Governance on Industrial Wastewater Pollution in China“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 15 (29.07.2022): 9316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159316.
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Water pollution not only aggravates the deterioration of the ecological environment and endanger human health, but also has a significantly negative impact on economic growth and social development. It is crucial to investigate the relationship between industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution on the path to reduce water pollution. In this paper, we studied whether industrial wastewater governance affected industrial wastewater pollution using the panel fixed effect model and system generalized moment estimation model (SYS-GMM) with the panel data of 30 provinces from 2005 to 2020 in China. This is the only empirical analysis of the relationship between industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution. We proxied industrial wastewater pollution by organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants and measured the per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance. The results shed light on the positive correlation between the per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance and industrial wastewater pollution. The increase in per capita investment in industrial wastewater governance promoted the increase of pollutant emissions from industrial wastewater. The estimation also indicated that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita GDP and inorganic /organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. Our empirical research shows that it is necessary to increase investment in industrial wastewater treatment and optimize the investment structure of environmental treatment, so as to pave the way for the comprehensive utilization of a variety of environmental treatment solutions.
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Chen, Jian, Wim H. Rulkens und Harry Bruning. „Photochemical elimination of phenols and cod in industrial wastewaters“. Water Science and Technology 35, Nr. 4 (01.02.1997): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0126.
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It is demonstrated that toxic pollutants such as phenols in industrial wastewaters can be eliminated efficiently by photochemical methods using a combination of UV and heterogeneous photocatalyst, and combinations of UV, H2O2, and ferric compounds. The combination of UV and photocatalyst even decreases the COD of some of the toxic industrial wastewater around 60–70% in 1–4 hour treatment time depending on the source of the wastewater. The different combinations of UV (200 W high pressure mercury lamp, wavelength 313 ≤ λ ≤ 456 nm), magnetite or aluminium oxide (as photocatalyst), H2O2 and iron compounds (FeCl3, Fe(NH3)2(SO4)2, as Fenton reagent) were used in lab scale experiments to examine the elimination at aerated conditions of pure phenol in solutions (initial concentration = 25 ppm) and of substituted phenols and COD in industrial wastewaters originally from phenolic resin manufacture, oil refinement, shale oil dry distillation, and naphthenic acid production. The results clearly show the separate and combined effect of UV, Ferric compounds and H2O2 on the elimination of phenols and COD.
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NAZAROV, V. D., M. V. NAZAROV und M. R. KhABIBULLINA. „ELECTROFLOTATION IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER PURIFICATION“. Urban construction and architecture 1, Nr. 2 (15.07.2011): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.02.17.
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It has been discovered that the speed of water barbotage with hydrogen gas and oxygen is linearly dependent on current density and does not depend on electrolyte concentration. A new multistage method has been developed to purify oily wastes. It includes consecutive filtering in coalescing load and hydrocarbon liquid, advanced treatment with electroflotation and separating electrolysis gas products using hydrogen as floating agent and oxygen as oxidant. The latter, in combination with catalyst, purifies water from organic matter dissolved in it. A possibility of creating mixed technology of industrial wastewater purification based on electrolytic and flotation methods is outlined.
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Khudoyarova, Olga, Olga Gordienko, Tetiana Sydoruk, Taras Titov, Roman Petruk und Serhii Prokopchuk. „ADSORPTIVE DESULFURIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER“. Environmental Problems 5, Nr. 2 (2020): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2020.02.102.
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Irion, Karen S. „Treating a Difficult Industrial Wastewater“. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2014, Nr. 13 (01.10.2014): 4380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864714815939552.
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