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Pallares, Joan. „Study of industrial environment using Zigbee protocol and modeling industrial noise“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27025.
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This thesis is focused on the industrial environment. This study aims to understand the difficulties wireless communications have when performing in these types of environment with a specific standard (and protocol) Zigbee. These difficulties are due mainly to the physical effects and interferences as well the electromagnetic waves from these wireless transmission signals can suffer. The background of this project is to analyze how industries can implement wireless sensor networks (using Zigbee standard) for their factories in order for them to be beneficial i.e. reliable or if it is possible. Industries normally tend to keep in the path of the old fashioned way i.e. wired systems which are more robust and can cope with the hard system requirements. Some study on these environment effects (interference as well) is performed. The results show how this (Zigbee) sensor network could be or should be implemented in order to have the best performance (disposition of devices, type of environment considering only industrial environments, etc.). Specifically, these results show that Zigbe wireless sensor networks are limited to some conditions in order to obtain the desired reliability. These conditions are that these networks must be performed in absorbing environments, LoS disposition of devices, not too long diatance between devices and not other networks in the same area using the same frequency band. The limitation of absorbing environments is because the dispersion effects in the (highly) reflective environments are critically damageful for the link. The limitation of the other devices operating in the same frequency band in a close area is due to the fact that Zigbee has no frequency diversity. Last but not least, the limitations to LoS and not too long maximum range (approximately 50 meters) are related since the range would be (much) lower than 50 meters if the communication was in NLoS disposition of devices. The noise in this environment is also studied and modeled. The results show that as the impulsive index (which is ameasure of the number of impulses that reach the receiver in a certain unit of time) takes larger values, the distribution approximates that of a Gaussian and as A takes lower values the reults show an impulsive characteristic. The Probability of error is computed for values of A less than 1, where the impulsive characterstic is shown, and as A takes larger values the error is greater.
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Phua, Cheng Tatt Valance. „A communication protocol framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments“. University of Western Australia. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0179.
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[Truncated abstract] Developing wireless sensor network communication protocols for industrial environments is a challenging task. The wireless channel conditions in industrial environments are harsher as a result of multipath propagation of radio signals within an environment where the mechanics of the surrounding industrial activities often lead to severe small-scale fading effects. The design of network protocols to function in such an environment needs to provide a robust communication platform for the wireless sensor nodes, while optimizing the utilization of the limited node resources available. As existing general MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks do not work well under harsh channel conditions, we address this problem in this thesis by proposing a medium access control (MAC) protocol framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments. To describe the impact of an automated industrial site on small-scale fading effects in an industrial indoor wireless network, we use a site-specific ray-tracer for predicting signal propagation based on building blue prints to simulate the signal propagation paths through an industrial site with periodically moving objects. We found that in a fully automated industrial site, the periodic movements of objects with constant velocities result in an approximately periodic distribution of fading periods in the channel. Based on this finding, we propose a link state dependent TDMA-based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks designed for automated industrial applications. ... This technique also conserves energy and maximizes packet integrity as the sensor nodes avoid performing network activities when the channel is sampled to be affected by fading. As a measure for fault-tolerance, we also propose a dynamic link reconstruction technique that allows sensor nodes to reconstruct new parent links when their present links are severely affected by fading. MAC protocols that adopt active buffering in fading-affected channels suffer bufferoverflow and latency issues as a result of the postponement of scheduled transmissions during periods when the channel is in a fade. Consequently, time-sensitive data packets that may contain critical information may miss their deadlines in a severely affected fading channel. Hence, we propose a general fading-aware data management (FADE) MAC protocol extension that uses buffer nodes to offload the memory buffer off sensor nodes in the network and prioritizes traffic based on a simple proposed priority scheme. The FADE extension provides a balance balance between minimum end-to-end latency for critical event reporting, high packet delivery guarantee, low energy consumption, and minimum buffer requirements on the sensor nodes. In summary, this thesis presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of all our proposed network protocols that are combined as a framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments.
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Cui, Qin. „TDMA-based Routing Protocol in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19748.
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Norén, Henrik. „Industrial Ethernet and new possibilities - Simplifying function tests of industrial devices“. Thesis, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52533.
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What do you do if you are implementing a new fieldbus protocol in your embed- ded industrial system and want to test it? This was the question that a group of engineers at ABB Corporate Research was asking themselves. Normally, the easiest way would probably be to buy a matching device supporting the same protocol and hook it up to the system. You might also need some equipment to listen in on the traffic between the two, so you’d need to buy that too.
But what if you are working with a limited budget? Or what if this protocol is fairly new, and matching devices are hard to find? Or what if you want to test cases that can’t normally be achieved with normal usage?
Normally, with traditional fieldbus standards, this could be complicated. You would probably need an additional sample of your new system, with some cus- tom made test code, and use this to test the original system. This is not a bad method, but this report will give an example of the new possibilities that comes with the new Ethernet base fieldbus standards emerging on the market today. It will highlight the possibility to create a test tool for your industrial system to use on a standard PC.
”Why?” you might ask. The report suggests that this solution is cheap, fast and flexible. First of all, no special hardware was needed, which had a posi- tive impact on cost. The only thing used was a PC and some standard office equipment.
Second, once the test tool was created, new test cases was really fast and easy to make. The test tool was designed to function as a general framework for creating dynamic test sequences based on Ethernet.
Third, the tool is flexible enough to test a lot of different cases, even cases not allowed by the standard. It made it possible to test cases that would have required the use of several samples of test system simultaneously to work. Also, because Ethernet is such a well known standard, there are a lot of existing software tools at your disposal. For example, free software for capturing and analyzing the test results was used during the tests. Furthermore, since the test tool was designed to be easily extendable to handle more protocols, it is even more flexible and useable for future similar problems.
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Liang, Kuei-Chia. „Explicit representation of design requirements and its impact on industrial designing“. Thesis, University of Derby, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/215211.
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The value of establishing design requirements is well-argued and the need for their clear representation in the material used to brief designers is recognised. However, very little attention has been given as to how the design requirements should be represented for use by industrial designers and whether, or how, such representations benefit design. The research presented in the thesis aims to explore approaches to the organisation and presentation of design brief requirements for effective use by designers. We first examined how design requirements are specified, organised and represented in theory and practice. The role of design requirements in the design problem-solving process was analysed to gain insight into how explicit requirement representation might benefit the design process. An experimental study, using protocol analysis, was then conducted to investigate the impact of explicitly representing design requirements in achieving the theoretical benefits for such representations. The results indicate the explicit representation of design brief requirements yields systematic enhancements including increased utilisation of design requirements and the production of solutions assessed as meeting design requirements more successfully. Thus, the findings support the proposition that the manner in which design requirements are represented will impact upon the design process and the designers' performance. In line with the research findings, recommendations are made about how the organisation and presentation of requirements may be manipulated to achieve maximum positive enhancement and minimal negative reduction in the quality of the design process
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Thompson, Shaun. „Application of controller area network bus and CANopen protocol in Industrial Automation“. Thesis, Thompson, Shaun (2018) Application of controller area network bus and CANopen protocol in Industrial Automation. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/44816/.
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The Controller Area Network Bus was released by Bosch as an innovative and new method of providing prioritised and fault tolerant communication within automotive applications. Since its introduction in 1986 many protocols have been designed to operate above this network structure, utilising the prioritisation properties to their advantage. This thesis will focus on building a custom testbed using existing university equipment and then programming an implementation of the CANopen protocol. The physical network will consist of a Controller Area Network bus as this is supported by a multitude of devices and can act as a method of integrating many devices available within the Murdoch University Industrial Computer Systems Laboratory that previously had no method of direct communication. The newly constructed testbed will be built in the most cost-effective manner possible and rely on integrating currently underutilised hardware available to students with the view of expanding the capabilities of teaching facilities in the Industrial Computer Systems Laboratory. The newly developed set of programs and network will facilitate the teaching of additional material to students by way of a set of manuals that will act to complement existing material already developed for the in-lab hardware.
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Derhamy, Hasan. „Towards Interoperable Industrial Internet of Things : An On-Demand Multi-Protocol Translator Service“. Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-138.
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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the result of the intersection between advancements in technology and the demand for more efficient and sustainable industry. Technology has provided a means for a large and heterogeneous collection of networks, devices, developers, owners, users and other stakeholders. From this there is a clear need for highly interoperable and independently developed systems. Interoperability is a communication challenge which affects all layers in a system. Communication protocols such as HTTP, CoAP, XMPP, OPC-UA and MQTT are above the network layer and below a semantic layer. This challenge includes overcoming interaction pattern differences, such as session and session-less protocols or publish/subscribe and request/response protocols. Common interoperability methods look at utilizing, a) middleware, such as in-system adapters and protocol gateways or b) restricting protocols to one or two possibilities. However, these solutions do not fit IIoT well as they are costly to adapt as the protocol landscape evolves, are intrusive to design or increase development costs. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been identified as having a great potential for integrating independent systems. When applied to industrial contexts, SOA late-binding and service composition offers opportunities for enhancing interoperability. However, SOA-based service contracts still require complete agreement between provider and consumer in order to exchange service. In this thesis an approach toward interoperability is proposed which leverages SOA principles and a multi-protocol translator. The proposed approach is first contextualized with a set of requirements pulled from existing literature and from application domain requirements. The thesis asks the question; how can late-binding and service composition be used to support a multi-protocol network of systems? The result, a new approach of a secure, on-demand and transparent protocol translator, is proposed. Conceptually satisfying the requirements defined, the design is backed up with empirical testing on usability and latency of the solution. The proposed solution differs from middleware in that, it is a participant (alongside the application system), it is on-demand (only used when needed), it is not intrusive (no design time dependencies) and it operates transparently (to application systems). A complete interoperability solution is deemed as future work, which could extend to full security, general encoding and semantic interoperability.
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Pettersson, William. „An Evaluation of IoT Protocol Efficiency and suitability : For smart vehicles, smart homes & industrial scenarios“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42392.
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Internet of things (IoT) är det överläggande området i denna rapport. IoT är ett väldigt intressant I nuläget och är snabbt växande. IoT kan beskrivas som ett nätverk av kommunicerande enheter som delar information och automatiserar eller försimplar uppgifter och därav ökar effektivitet och säkerhet. Området växer så pass fort att det förväntas vara 24 miljarder anslutna enheter vid år 2050, denna utökning leder i sin tur till ett ökat behov av förståelse för IoT protokollen som hanterar kommunikationen emellan enheterna. Detta för att kunna välja det mest optimala protokollet för ett givet scenario. Detta arbete kommer att välja ett lovande protokoll för undersökning samt evaluering gällande dess prestation berörande fördröjning, dataöverföringshastighet och skalbarhet. Protokollet som valdes var MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Baserat på dessa evaluerade värden föra en diskussion gällande protokollets lämplighet inom scenariona. Värdena kommer att tas fram via tidmätningar start till slut för kommunikationen samt tid för att skicka en mängd meddelanden, båda i respekt till antalet samtidigt kommunicerande program. Testen körs med en lokal PC som agerar Broker och en Raspberry Pi som kör samtliga programmen i individuella terminaler. Resultaten var att fördröjningen verkar ha en näst intill linjär relation och dataöverföringshastighet ett exponentiellt avtagande beteende i respekt till samtidigt kommunicerande enheter. Dem mätta resultaten analyseras och diskuteras, och kommer till slutsatsen att protokollet är en lämplig kandidat för de flesta scenarion, så som smarta bilar, smarta hem och till viss del industriell användning. Den största nackdelen med protokollet var dess höga standardavvikelse gällande individuella meddelandens fördröjning.Internet of things (IoT) is the base topic of this thesis, and it is a rapidly growing area, it can be described as a network of communicating devices sharing information and streamlining tasks in addition to increasing efficiency and security. It is expected to be 24 billion connected devices by year 2050 and with this growth comes an increased demand on understanding the IoT protocols to be able to choose a suitable protocol for a given scenario. This thesis will discuss this area and pick one protocol to evaluate specifically regarding latency, throughput, and scalability. The protocol chosen were MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Based on these values then discuss whether the protocol is a suitable candidate for the scenarios. The data to evaluate this will be gathered by measuring the end-to-end time of the protocol in respect to the number of communicating programs, and to measure the time it takes to communicate a number of messages with respect to the number of programs handling the communication. These tests are performed with a local PC acting as the broker and a Raspberry pi running each of the communicating programs on individual terminals. The results were that latency seem to have a close to liner relation, and that throughput seem to have an exponentially decreasing relation with respect to number of clients cooperating. The measured results are analyzed and discussed and concluded that the protocol is a fitting candidate for most scenarios such as smart cars, smart homes and to some extent industry. The biggest flawed concluded was the protocols high standard deviation for individual messages latency. The outcome of the benchmarks measurement showed that increasing the number of nodes would not result in superior performance. It was noted that an optimal number of nodes was found to be between 1 and 20 for all the tests performed. The study showed that no load balancer could be considered a clear winner, instead, different configurations of load balancers performed varyingly well at different tests.
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Piccinini, Andrea. „Innovative Architecture for Industrial Monitoring System“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/128134.
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This thesis aims to develop a new innovative architecture for monitoring and SCADA systems able to centralize data and support data analytics for ideally every kind of productions. The core of the innovation is the definition and management inside the platform of a JSON configuration which describe the machine or the plant to be monitored.
The state of the art gives a complete landscape about how technologies have evolved since the born of web and which of them have been applied in distributed system such as web monitoring systems. One of the most important topics here are the communication protocols, new generation of high performance databases and the purpose of machine learning algorithms in order to improve maintenance activities and support decision making process.
Then the architecture of the system has been presented paying attention on the concept of reconfigurability and customization of the platform. This is done by configuring the machines by means a JSON descriptor that indicates which data collect in the system. An appendix explains in deep how the JSON configuration works and which parameters the user can manipulate in order to increase the precision and the performance of the system.
Systems like the one proposed can be used in vary different ways and the thesis wants to analyze some of them and proposing solutions describing real case studies. These case studies regard quality check on the production line (online or offline), data collection for production scheduling and whole monitoring systems for textile application.
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Robson, Alessio Costa. „DISTRIBUIÇÃO E FRACIONAMENTO DE METAIS EM SOLOS DO DISTRITO INDUSTRIAL DE SÃO LUÍS DO MARANHÃO“. Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/994.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-30The geochemical fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn were determined according to the protocol developed by the Comunnity Bureau of Reference (BCR). The fractions of the protocol are divided into exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidisable (F3). A new fraction, the residual (F4), was included in the fractionation. The concentration of metals was determined by atomic emission spectrometry by inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). In addition, a mobility experiment was conducted by spiking a standard solution of metals to soils and subsequent application of the BCR protocol. The results of fractionation in the original soils detected only the presence of Pb, distributed in exchangeable (F1) and residual fractions (F4), indicating that soils are not contaminated. The mobility experiment showed that added metals in soils were retained in the fractions F1 and F3. Most acid soils have lower metal immobilization metals in fraction F1 (r2 = 0.99). The decreasing order of metals in each fraction contaminated soils was: F1 (55.3%)> F3 (18.75%)> F2 (6.35%). The application of principal component analysis (PCA) identified that the Cr showed higher affinity to organic fraction (F3), followed by Cu. The soils of the industrial district do not have values that offer risk to the ecosystem. In turn, these soils, due to its acidity and low organic matter content, provide unfavorable conditions to metal retention, favoring leaching in case of eventual contamination.
As frações geoquímicas dos metais Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn foram determinadas conforme o protocolo desenvolvido pelo Comunnity Bureau of Reference (BCR). As frações do protocolo são divididas em trocável (F1), redutível (F2), oxidável (F3). Uma nova fração, a residual, foi incluída no fracionamento. A concentração de metais foi determinada por espectrometria de emissão atômica por plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES). Adicionalmente, foi conduzido um experimento de mobilidade mediante adição de uma solução-padrão de metais aos solos e posterior aplicação do protocolo BCR. Os resultados do fracionamento nos solos originais apresentaram detectaram apenas a presença de Pb, distribuídos em frações trocáveis(F1) e residuais, indicando que os solos não estão contaminados. O experimento de mobilidade demonstrou que os metais adicionados nos solos ficaram retidos nas frações F1 e F3. Os solos mais ácidos apresentam menor imobilização de metais na fração F1 (r2 = 0,99). A ordem decrescente dos metais em cada fração dos solos contaminados foi: F1 (55,3%) > F3 (18,75%) > F2 (6,35%). A aplicação da análise do componente principlal (PCA) permitiu identificar que o Cr apresentou maior afinidadepela fração orgânica (F3), seguido pelo Cu. Os solos do distrito industrial investigado não apresentam valores que oferecem risco ao ecossistema. Por sua vez, esses solos, devido a sua acidez e baixo teor de matéria orgânica, propriciam condições desfavoráveis a retenção de metais,favorecendo a lixiviação dos mesmos em caso de eventual contamainação. .
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Hervella, Cassio. „Projeto e desenvolvimento de um controlador logico programavel flexivel para controle de manipuladores e robos industriais“. [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265020.
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Orientador: João Mauricio RosarioDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foi projetado, desenvolvido e implementado um sistema de controle programável flexível, para aplicação principal no controle de manipuladores e robôs industriais. Como método de abordagem global de um problema de controle automático, podemos dividí-lo em quatro partes principais, a primeira sendo a medição, aquisição e tratamento das grandezas a controlar, a segunda sendo o algoritmo de controle e o sistema de acionamento, a terceira sendo a automatização via programação e simulação de trajetórias e tarefas, e finalmente, a quarta parte sendo a interface homem-máquina. Sendo assim, subdividiu-se o sistema de controle desenvolvido em quatro módulos principais, sendo eles, o módulo de Monitoramento e Supervisão, o módulo de Controle e Acionamento, o módulo de Programação e Simulação e o módulo de Interface com o Usuário; por sua vez, estes módulos são compostos por vários sub-sistemas modulares, que foram projetados, desenvolvidos e testados separadamente, para que fossem flexíveis e confiáveis, tendo sido integrados em seguida, de várias maneiras, de modo a atender às características específicas de cada aplicação. Dentre os sistemas desenvolvidos, temos, por exemplo, interfaces de interface de entrada e saída de dados digitais, interfaces de supervisão de posição, interfaces de acionamento de potência, interfaces de decodificação de sinais de encoders; programas de testes para as interfaces desenvolvidas, programa de interface gráfica para utilização pelo usuário, e outros. Numa aplicação típica, no controle de um robô industrial, podemos ter diversos tipos de atuadores, sensores, mecanismos e arquiteturas do sistema mecânico a controlar, assim, com a substituição de alguns módulos, obtêm-se uma integração flexível que atende as necessidades de cada caso, sem que seja necessário um sistema de controle completamente novo, tomando a automação mais simples, eficiente e rápida. Por exemplo, na automação de um robô, podem ser necessários dois computadores, para que as cargas de processamento de dados de controle e a carga de processamento da interface gráfica com o usuário possam ser divididas entre estes; porém, numa aplicação, como o posicionamento de uma câmera de vídeo, a simplicidade do sistema mecânico, permite a utilização de um único computador, ou mesmo, uma interface dedicada, sendo mantida toda a estrutura global do sistema de controle
Abstract: In this work, it has been designed, developed and implemented a programmable flexible control system, for main application in the control of manipulators and industrial robots. As a global approaxing method for an automatic control problem, we can divide it in four main parts, the first beeing the measument, aquisition and treatment of the variables to control, the second beeing the control algorithm and the actioning system, the third beeing the automation throw programming and simulating of jobs and trajectories, and finally,the fourth beeing the man-machineinterface. Thus, we divided the developed control system in four main modules, which are, the Monitoring and Supervising module, the Actioning and Control module, the Simutation and Programming module and the User's Interface; which are compound by various modular subsystems, that were designed, developed and tested separately, so that they would be dependable and flexible, beeing then integrated, in many ways, to full-fill the specific caracteristics of each application. Within the developed systems, we have, for example, digital data input and output interface boards, position supervising boards, power driving boards, encoder sinal decodifying boards; test programs for the developed boards, graphics interface program to be utilized by the user, and others. In a tipical application, in controlling an industrial robot, we can have many diferent types of actuators, sensors, mechanisms and architectures of the mechanical system to control, thus, by substituting a few modules we can obtain a flexible integration that answers to the needs of each case, without the need of a completely new control system, making the automation more simple,eficient and fast. As an example, in the automation of a robot, may be neccessary two computers, so that the data processing loads of control and the user's graphics interface processing load can be divided between these, but, in an application, like a vídeo camera positioning, the simplicity of the mechanical system, enables the use of only one computer, or even, a dedicated board, beeing keept the global structure of the control system
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Aybar, Guray. „Simulation And Performance Evaluation Of A Distributed Real-time Communication Protocol For Industrial Embedded Systems“. Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613921/index.pdf.
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The Dynamic Distributed Dependable Real-Time Industrial communication Protocol (D3RIP) provides service guarantees for Real-Time traffic and integrates the dynamically changing requirements of automation applications in their operation to efficiently utilize the resources. The protocol dynamically allocates the network resources according to the respective system state. To this end, the protocol architecture consists of an Interface Layer that provides time-slotted operation and a Coordination Layer that assigns each time slot to a unique transmitter device based on a distributed computation.
In this thesis, a software simulator for D3RIP is developed. Using the D3RIP Simulator, modifications in D3RIP can be easily examined without facing complexities in real implementations and extensive effort in terms of time and cost. The simulator simulates the Interface Layer, the Coordination Layer and additionally, the Shared Medium. Hence, using the simulator, the system-protocol couple can be easily analyzed, tested and further improvements on D3RIP can be achieved with the least amount of effort.
The simulator implements the Timed Input Output Automata (TIOA) models of the D3RIP stack components using C++. The resulting code is compiled on GCC (Gnu Compiler Collection). The logs of the simulation runs and the real system with 2 devices connected via cross 100MbE cables are compared. In a 3ms time slot, the simulator and the system incidents differ about 135µs on the average, causing no asynchronousity in their instantaneous operational states. The D3RIP Simulator is useful in keeping track of any variable in the D3RIP system automaton at any instant up to 1µ
s resolution.
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Shen, Wei. „A Protocol Framework for Adaptive Real-Time Communication in Industrial Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks“. Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22110.
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Low-power and resource-constrained wireless technology has been regarded as an emerging technology that introduces a paradigm shift in a wide range of applications such as industrial automation, smart grid, home automation and so on. The automation industry has significant contributions to economic revenues, job opportunities and world-class research. The low-power and resource-constrained wireless technology has brought new opportunity and challenges for industrial automation. The solutions of such wireless technology offer benefits in relation to lower cost and more flexible deployments/maintenances than the wired solutions, and new applications that are not possible with wired communication. However, these wireless solutions have been introducing new challenges. Wireless links are inherently unreliable, especially in industrial harsh environment, and wireless interference makes the problem even worse. Low-power consumption is required and real-time communication is generally crucial in industrial automation applications. This research work addresses that industrial wireless sensor and actuator network (IWSAN) should even be designed to provide service differentiation for wireless medium access and adapt to link dynamics for scheduling algorithms on top of real-time services. Specifically, exceeding the required delay bound for unpredictable and emergency traffic in industrial automation applications could lead to system instability, economic and material losses, system failure and, ultimately, a threat to human safety. Therefore, guaranteeing the timely delivery of the IWSAN critical traffic and its prioritization over regular traffic (e.g. non-critical monitoring traffic) is a significant topic. In addition, the state-of-the-art researches address a multitude of objectives for scheduling algorithms in IWSAN. However, the adaptation to the dynamics of a realistic wireless sensor network has not been investigated in a satisfactory manner. This is a key issue considering the challenges within industrial applications, given the time-constraints and harsh environments. In response to those challenges, a protocol framework for adaptive real-time communication in IWSAN is proposed. It mainly consists of a priority-based medium access protocol (MAC) and its extension for routing critical traffic, a hybrid scheme for acyclic traffic, and adaptive scheduling algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, the priority-based MAC solution is the first priority-enhanced MAC protocol compatible with industrial standards for IWSAN. The proposed solutions have been implemented in TinyOS and evaluated on a test-bed of Telosb motes and the TOSSIM network simulator. The experimental results indicate that the proposed priority-based solutions are able to efficiently handle different traffic categories and achieve a significant improvement in the delivery latency. The hybrid scheme for acyclic traffic increases the throughput and reduces the delay compared to the current industrial standards. Numerical results show that the adaptive scheduling algorithms improve the quality of service for the entire network. They achieve significant improvements for realistic dynamic wireless sensor networks when compared to existing scheduling algorithms with the aim to minimize latency for real-time communication.
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Gozcu, Ahmet Korhan. „Implementation And Evaluation Of A Synchronous Time-slotted Medium Access Protocol For Networked Industrial Embedded Systems“. Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613569/index.pdf.
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Dynamic Distributed Dependable Real-time Industrial communication Protocol family (D3RIP), has been proposed in the literature considering the periodic or event-based traffic characteristics of the industrial communication networks. D3RIP framework consists of two protocol families: Interface Layer (IL) protocol family, which is responsible for providing the accurate time-division multiple access (TDMA) on top of a shared-medium broadcast channel, and Coordination Layer (CL), which is defined to fulfill the external requirements of IL. In this thesis, the hardware adaptations of the two protocols, Real-time Access Interface Layer (RAIL) and Time-slotted Interface Layer (TSIL), of the IL protocol family, are implemented. Their performance on both personal computers (PC) and development kits (DK) are observed.
15
Cicillini, Daniele Aparecida. „Desenvolvimento de um algoritmo de escalonamento para rede Foundation Fieldbus“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-25062008-150542/.
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Este trabalho apresenta e implementa um algoritmo de escalonamento para a tecnologia Foundation Fieldbus. O algoritmo denominado FFSMART escalona as mensagens de comunicação cíclica ou periódica entre os dispositivos de campo que estão no barramento fieldbus. Trata-se de um algoritmo de escalonamento pré-run-time, que permite atender às restrições de precedência dos blocos funcionais, personalizando e otimizando o uso dos recursos do sistema. O algoritmo foi implementado na linguagem de programação Visual Basic e sua validação ocorreu em um ambiente real de aplicação através de estratégias de configuração, cujos resultados foram satisfatórios.This dissertation presents and implements a scheduling algorithm for the Foundation Fieldbus technology. The algorithm named FFSMART schedules cyclic or periodic communication messages among field devices connected to a fieldbus. The FFSMART is a pre-runtime scheduling algorithm, which allows meeting the restrictions of precedence from function blocks, customizing and optimizing the use of the system resources. The algorithm was implemented using the Visual Basic programming language and validated in a real application environment using configuration strategies, and the results were satisfactory.
16
Ågren, David. „Improving system integration by standardizing and automating the Modbus protocol“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Digitala tjänster och system, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79529.
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Communicating devices are on the rise. Fueled by the introduction of Internet-of-Thing (IoT) and Industry 4.0, more and more devices are capable of information sharing. There is a long history of communicating devices in industrial and building management contexts that previously relied on fieldbuses. One of these legacy fieldbuses is the Modbus protocol, originating in serial communication and now adapted for use with Ethernet. It has significant adoption in the fields of industrial automation systems (IAS) and building management systems (BMS) but carries many limitations. Industrial systems often have a long lifespan and fundamental changes are not introduced quickly. This leads to a need for legacy communication protocols to be able to function alongside the new paradigms for the foreseeable future. In order to facilitate this phase, an attempt to improve system integration in the Modbus context is performed in this thesis. By utilizing standardization and automation principles, additional functionality and definitions are proposed to the Modbus protocol to help improve system integration. By using interviews with system integrators and document reviews of available Modbus description documents three iterative development processes are performed to answer the research questions. A proposed data model is presented, allowing for a standardized way to represent the contents of a Modbus register. Its attributes are clearly defined with descriptions and constraints. A new function code specification (0x47) is defined and presented in the same form as other function codes are described in the current Modbus specification. It allows for Modbus descriptors to be retrieved directly from the slave device. As a proof-of-concept the function code is developed in an existing Modbus implementation (Modbus4J). A client application is created to allow for fully functional demonstrations for a broader audience. The resulting communication is captured in Wireshark and presented as proof-of-concept.
17
Muradzikwa, Samson. „The SADC trade protocol and industrial performance in Southern Africa : a case of the automotive industry in Zimbabwe“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9943.
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Bibliography: leaves 80-87.It is generally accepted that regional cooperation and integration can facilitate renewed industrial growth and sustainable development, particularly among the developing countries of the world. Even the developed economies have not been able to avoid the tendency towards integration, as it is believed that the benefits to be reaped far outweigh the associated costs. The purpose of this research is to focus on the Southern African region, more particularly, the SADC region. The SADC Trade and Investment Protocol was signed by all SADC members in August of 1996 and it was envisaged that a free trade area would be established by 2002 by means of a gradual tariff phase down, and the removal of an other impediments to intra-regional trade. What is of concern to individual member states are the implications of such a protocol on industrial performance and trade patterns in the region.
18
Martins, Mauricio Pires. „Estruturação da parte de comando de um sistema automatizado de produção com enfase na implementação de um sistema de supervisão“. [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265035.
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Orientador: João Maurico RosarioTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T12:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_MauricioPires_D.pdf: 8710691 bytes, checksum: 56d689278ea3902d6877db56e7475126 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da automação relativo ao planejamento do processo, monitoração de máquinas e equipamentos, fluxo de materiais, supervisão do sistema e redes de comunicação. No trabalho são desenvolvidos programas para monitoração de máquinas e equipamentos. São apresentados e implementados algoritmos e soluções para o uso de interfaces, utilizando-se como hardware básico, um microcomputador e como linguagem de programação, o Visual Basic. São apresentados exemplos de sistemas automatizados desenvolvidos e implementados no Laboratório de Automação, onde são feitos testes comparativos de programação em Diagrama de Relés e Grafcet. Baseado na hierarquia do planejamento de sistemas CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), é implementado um sistema de supervisão ao ambiente experimental PIPEFA (Plataforma Industrial para Pesquisa Ensino e Formação em Automação), que simula um sistema integrado de produção. Utilizando-se de redes e interfaces de comunicação, o sistema de supervisão integra os diversos níveis da pirâmide CIM, fazendo a comunicação do nível administrativo com o de produção
Abstract: This work presents a study of automation relative to process planning, monitoring of machines and equipment, material flux, supervision of the system and communication network. In this work are developed programs to monitoring machines and equipments. Algorithms and solutions to the use of interfaces are presented and implemented, utilizing a microcomputer as basic hardware and Visual Basic as the programmation language. Examples of automated systems are presented. They are developed and implemented in the automation laboratory "Laboratório de Automação Integrada e Robótica", where comparative tests of programming in Ladder Diagram and Grafcet are made. Based on the hierarchy of planning of the CIM:systems, it is implemented a supervisory system to the experimental ambient PIPEFA (Industrial Platform to the Research, Education and Formation in Automation), that simulates a integrated system of production. Utilized by networks and interfaces af communication, the supervisory system integrates different levels of the CIM pyramid, making a communication of the administrative leveI with the productian ane, by Internet
Doutorado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
19
Cuozzo, Giampaolo. „A Wireless Protocol for Smart Manufacturing using LoRa at 2.4 GHz“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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This thesis proposes a new medium access control protocol which lies on top of LoRa at 2,4 GHz. Its name is LoRaIN and, in fact, it is intended for a monitoring Industrial Internet of Things application.
First, this document provides a general description of the network architecture and relative functionalities. In particular, the centralized nature of the protocol is described in detail, being a discriminating factor with the others IIoT layer 2 protocols.
A fundamental feature of LoRaIN is that the devices are not battery driven and, conversely, they are charged via Wireless Power Transfer technology. In fact, an important emphasis is given to the time division between nodes charges and LoRa communications. Finally, some numerical computations have been performed to show the network performance; the latter have been taken as reference for the hands-on work.
20
Turan, Ulas. „Implementing And Evaluating The Coordination Layer Andtime-synchronization Of A New Protocol For Industrialcommunication Networks“. Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613576/index.pdf.
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Currently automation components of large-scale industrial systems are realized with distributed controller devices that use local sensor/actuator events and exchange shared events with communication networks. Fast paced improvement of Ethernet provoked its usage in industrial communication networks. The incompatibility of standard Ethernet protocol with the real-time requirements encouraged industry and academic researchers to provide a resolution for this problem. However, the existing solutions in the literature suggest a static bandwidth allocation for each controller device which usually leads to an inefficient bandwidth use.Dynamic Distributed Dependable Real-time Industrial Communication Protocol (D3RIP) family dynamically updates the necessary bandwidth allocation according to the messages generated by the control application. D3RIP is composed of two protocolsinterface layer that provides time-slotted access to the shared medium based on an accurate clock synchronization of the distributed controller devices and coordination layer that decides the ownership of real-time slots. In this thesis, coordination layer protocol of D3RIP family and the IEEE 1588 time synchronization protocol is implemented and tested on the real hardware system that resembles a factory plant floor. In the end, we constructed a system that runs an instance of D3RIP family with 3ms time-slots that guarantees 6.6ms latency for the real-time packets of control application. The results proved that our implementation may be used in distributed controller realizations and encouraged us to further improve the timing constraints.
21
Amoah, Raphael. „Formal security analysis of the DNP3-Secure Authentication Protocol“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/93798/1/Raphael_Amoah_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis evaluates the security of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, which are one of the key foundations of many critical infrastructures. Specifically, it examines one of the standardised SCADA protocols called the Distributed Network Protocol Version 3, which attempts to provide a security mechanism to ensure that messages transmitted between devices, are adequately secured from rogue applications. To achieve this, the thesis applies formal methods from theoretical computer science to formally analyse the correctness of the protocol.
22
Amaro, da Cruz Mauro. „An enhanced multi-protocol middleware solution for Internet of things“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
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Dans l'Internet des objets (IoT), les données sont gérées et stockées par un logiciel appelé middleware (situé sur un serveur). L'évolution du concept IoT a conduit à la construction de nombreux intergiciels IoT, des logiciels qui jouent un rôle clé car ils prennent en charge la communication entre les appareils, les utilisateurs et les applications. Plusieurs aspects peuvent impacter les performances d'un middleware. Basée sur une revue approfondie de la littérature associée et sur la proposition d'un modèle de référence pour le middleware IoT, cette thèse propose un nouveau middleware IoT, appelé In.IoT, une solution middleware évolutive, sécurisée et innovante basée sur une revue approfondie du état de l'art et suivant l'architecture middleware de référence proposée dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche. In.IoT répond aux préoccupations middleware des solutions les plus populaires (sécurité, convivialité et performances) qui ont été évaluées, démontrées et validées tout au long de cette étude, et il est prêt et disponible à l'utilisation. Les recommandations et les exigences architecturales d'In.IoT sont détaillées et peuvent être reproduites par des solutions nouvelles et disponibles. Il prend en charge les protocoles de couche application les plus populaires (MQTT, CoAP et HTTP). Ses performances sont évaluées en comparaison avec les solutions les plus prometteuses disponibles dans la littérature et les résultats obtenus par la solution proposée sont extrêmement prometteurs. De plus, cette thèse étudie l'impact du langage de programmation sous-jacent sur les performances globales de la solution grâce à une étude d'évaluation des performances incluant Java, Python et Javascript, identifiant que globalement, Java s'avère être le choix le plus robuste pour le middleware IoT. Les appareils IoT communiquent avec le middleware via un protocole de couche application qui peut différer de ceux pris en charge par le middleware, en particulier lorsque l'on considère que les ménages auront divers appareils de différentes marques. La thèse offre une alternative pour de tels cas, en proposant une passerelle de couche application, appelée MiddleBridge. MiddleBridge traduit les messages CoAP, MQTT, DDS et Websockets en HTTP (HTTP est pris en charge par la plupart des intergiciels IoT). Avec MiddleBridge, les appareils peuvent envoyer un message plus petit à un intermédiaire (MiddleBridge), qui le restructure et le transmet à un middleware, réduisant ainsi le temps qu'un appareil passe à transmettre. Les solutions proposées ont été évaluées par rapport à d'autres solutions similaires disponibles dans la littérature, en tenant compte des métriques liées à la taille des paquets, aux temps de réponse, aux requêtes par seconde et au pourcentage d'erreur, démontrant leurs meilleurs résultats et leur énorme potentiel. En outre, l'étude a utilisé XGBoost (une technique d'apprentissage automatique) pour détecter l'occurrence d'attaques de réplication lorsqu'un attaquant obtient les informations d'identification de l'appareil, en l'utilisant pour générer de fausses données et perturber l'environnement IoT. Les résultats obtenus sont extrêmement prometteurs. Ainsi, il est conclu que l'approche proposée contribue à l'état de l'art des solutions middleware IoTIn Internet of Things (IoT), data is handled and stored by software known as middleware (located on a server). The evolution of the IoT concept led to the construction of many IoT middleware, software that plays a key role since it supports the communication among devices, users, and applications. Several aspects can impact the performance of a middleware. Based in a deep review of the related literature and in the proposal of a Reference Model for IoT middleware, this thesis proposes a new IoT middleware, called In.IoT, a scalable, secure, and innovative middleware solution based on a deep review of the state of the art and following the reference middleware architecture that was proposed along with this research work. In.IoT addresses the middleware concerns of the most popular solutions (security, usability, and performance) that were evaluated, demonstrated, and validated along this study, and it is ready and available for use. In.IoT architectural recommendations and requirements are detailed and can be replicated by new and available solutions. It supports the most popular application-layer protocols (MQTT, CoAP, and HTTP). Its performance is evaluated in comparison with the most promising solutions available in the literature and the results obtained by the proposed solution are extremely promising. Furthermore, this thesis studies the impact of the underlying programming language in the solution's overall performance through a performance evaluation study that included Java, Python, and Javascript, identifying that globally, Java demonstrates to be the most robust choice for IoT middleware. IoT devices communicate with the middleware through an application layer protocol that may differ from those supported by the middleware, especially when it is considered that households will have various devices from different brands. The thesis offers an alternative for such cases, proposing an application layer gateway, called MiddleBridge. MiddleBridge translates CoAP, MQTT, DDS, and Websockets messages into HTTP (HTTP is supported by most IoT middleware). With MiddleBridge, devices can send a smaller message to an intermediary (MiddleBridge), which restructures it and forwards it to a middleware, reducing the time that a device spends transmitting. The proposed solutions were evaluated in comparison with other similar solutions available in the literature, considering the metrics related to packet size, response times, requests per second, and error percentage, demonstrating their better results and tremendous potential. Furthermore, the study used XGBoost (a machine learning technique) to detect the occurrence of replication attacks where an attacker obtains device credentials, using it to generate false data and disturb the IoT environment. The obtained results are extremely promising. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed approach contributes towards the state of the art of IoT middleware solutions
23
Naumann, Roman. „Wireless Networking in Future Factories: Protocol Design and Evaluation Strategies“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21013.
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Industrie-4.0 bringt eine wachsende Nachfrage an Netzwerkprotokollen mit sich, die es erlauben, Informationen vom Produktionsprozess einzelner Maschinen zu erfassen und verfügbar zu machen. Drahtlose Übertragung erfüllt hierbei die für industrielle Anwendungen benötigte Flexibilität, kann in herausfordernden Industrieumgebungen aber nicht immer zeitnahe und zuverlässige Übertragung gewährleisten. Die Beiträge dieser Arbeit behandeln schwerpunktmäßig Protokollentwurf und Protokollevaluation für industrielle Anwendungsfälle. Zunächst identifizieren wir Anforderungen für den industriellen Anwendungsfall und leiten daraus konkrete Entwufskriterien ab, die Protokolle erfüllen sollten. Anschließend schlagen wir Protokollmechanismen vor, die jene Entwurfskriterien für unterschiedliche Arten von Protokollen umsetzen, und die in verschiedenem Maße kompatibel zu existierenden Netzwerken und existierender Hardware sind: Wir zeigen, wie anwendungsfallspezifische Priorisierung von Netzwerkdaten dabei hilft, zuverlässige Übertragung auch unter starken Störeinflüssen zu gewährleisten, indem zunächst eine akkurate Vorschau von Prozessinformationen übertragen wird. Für deren Fehler leiten wir präziser Schranken her. Ferner zeigen wir, dass die Fairness zwischen einzelnen Maschinen durch Veränderung von Warteschlangen verbessert werden kann, wobei hier ein Teil der Algorithmen von Knoten innerhalb des Netzwerks durchgeführt wird. Ferner zeigen wir, wie Network-Coding zu unserem Anwendungsfall beitragen kann, indem wir spezialisierte Kodierungs- und Dekodierungsverfahren einführen. Zuletzt stellen wir eine neuartige Softwarearchitektur und Evaluationstechnik vor, die es erlaubt, potentiell proprietäre Protokollimplementierungen innerhalb moderner diskreter Ereignissimulatoren zu verwenden. Wir zeigen, dass unser vorgeschlagener Ansatz ausreichend performant für praktische Anwendungen ist und, darüber hinaus, die Validität von Evaluationsergebnissen gegenüber existierenden Ansätzen verbessert.As smart factory trends gain momentum, there is a growing need for robust information transmission protocols that make available sensor information gathered by individual machines. Wireless transmission provides the required flexibility for industry adoption but poses challenges for timely and reliable information delivery in challenging industrial environments. This work focuses on to protocol design and evaluation aspects for industrial applications. We first introduce the industrial use case, identify requirements and derive concrete design principles that protocols should implement. We then propose mechanisms that implement these principles for different types of protocols, which retain compatibility with existing networks and hardware to varying degrees: we show that use-case tailored prioritization at the source is a powerful tool to implement robustness against challenged connectivity by conveying an accurate preview of information from the production process. We also derive precise bounds for the quality of that preview. Moving parts of the computational work into the network, we show that reordering queues in accordance with our prioritization scheme improves fairness among machines. We also demonstrate that network coding can benefit our use case by introducing specialized encoding and decoding mechanisms. Last, we propose a novel architecture and evaluation techniques that allows incorporating possibly proprietary networking protocol implementations with modern discrete event network simulators, rendering, among others, the adaption of protocols to specific industrial use cases more cost efficient. We demonstrate that our approach provides sufficient performance and improves the validity of evaluation results over the state of the art.
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Celanovic, Ivan. „A Distributed Digital Control Architecture for Power Electronics Systems“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34998.
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This thesis proposes a novel approach to power electronics system design that is based on the open-architecture distributed digital controller and modular power electronics building blocks (PEBBs). The proposed distributed digital controller partitions the controller in three levels of control authority. The power stage controller, designated as hardware manager, is responsible for low-level hardware oriented tasks; the high level controller, designated as applications manager, performs higher-level application-oriented tasks; and the system level controller handles system control and monitoring functions.
Communications between the hardware-oriented controller and the higher-level controller are implemented with the previously proposed 125 Mbits/sec daisy-chained fiber optic communication protocol. Real-time control and status data are communicated by means of communication protocol. The distributed controller on the power converter level makes the system open, flexible and simple to use. Furthermore, this work gives an overview and comparison of current state-of-the-art communication protocols for real-time control applications with emphasis on industrial automation and motion control. All of the studied protocols have been considered as local area networks (LAN) for system-level control in power converter systems. The most promising solution has been chosen for the system level communication protocol.
This thesis also provides the details of design and implementation of the distributed controller. The design of both the hardware and software components are explained. A 100 kVA three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) prototype was built and tested using the distributed controller approach to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept.Master of Science
25
Cavaletti, Marco. „A Wireless Solution for Industrial IoT Using LoRa at 2.4 GHz“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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This thesis was carried out in the context of a project developed by the university of Bologna upon commission of GD SpA, aimed at providing a new proprietary solution for a Industrial Internet of Things monitoring application.
The focus is on the definition and implementation of a wireless communication protocol, which has been called LoRaIN, based on LoRa technology at 2,4 GHz and suitable for Industry 4.0 applications. LoraIN proposes a centralized approach to Network management, with a single entity keeping synchronization among devices and scheduling all the transmissions according to separated time slots, in order to avoid collisions. Distinctive features of the protocol are also its multi-hopping functionality and the possibility to deploy batteryless devices, charged via Wireless Power Transfer technology.
Numerical results reported in the thesis demonstrate how LoRaIN protocol meets the application requirements.
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Demirdag, Serap. „Harmonisation In European Union On Industrial Property Rights Protection Procedures: Effects On Turkey Within The Framework Of Customs Union“. Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604962/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims at answering two questions under the topic of Harmonisation of
Industrial Property Rights Protection Procedures in the European Union. The
questions researched are: &ldquoWhat are the current systems of Industrial Property Rights protection in the world, in the European Union and Turkey?&rdquo
and &ldquo
Is there a way for Turkey to be included within the EU Industrial Property protection system in the future while still being under the relation of Customs Union?&rdquo
. To answer these questions current systems of Industrial Property Rights protection in the world, in European Union and Turkey is briefly analyzed and following this analysis, a proposal for a closer cooperation in Industrial Property protection system of Turkey with the European Union is given backed up with a comparison of statistical data of EU, Turkey and candidate countries.
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Dickow, Victor Hugo. „Avaliação de algoritmos de roteamento e escalonamento de mensagens para redes WirelessHART“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97235.
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A aplicação de redes sem fio vem crescendo consideravelmente nos últimos anos. Protocolos baseados nesta tecnologia estão sendo desenvolvidos para uma grande variedade de aplicações. A confiabilidade é um dos principais requisitos dos protocolos de comunicação nos ambientes industriais. Interferências, ambiente ruidoso e o grande risco das aplicações industriais que são monitoradas são fatores que elevam os níveis de exigência no que se refere à confiabilidade, redundância e segurança do protocolo. O protocolo WirelessHART é um padrão de comunicação sem fio desenvolvido especificamente para monitoramento e controle de processos com os requisitos necessários para ser utilizado em ambientes industriais. A norma do WirelessHART define diversos aspectos técnicos a serem utilizados no desenvolvimento de algoritmos. Os algoritmos de roteamento e escalonamento de mensagens são de grande relevância para o cumprimento dos requisitos temporais, de confiabilidade e segurança. Requisitos de roteamento e escalonamento são especificados, porém, os algoritmos a serem utilizados não são definidos. O objetivo nessa dissertação é analisar alguns dos principais algoritmos que tem sido propostos especificamente para o protocolo WirelessHART e apresentar um conjunto capaz de ser aplicado nesse protocolo. Análises e comparações entre os algoritmos são realizadas proporcionando um estudo aprofundado sobre seus impactos no desempenho do protocolo.The application of wireless networks has grown considerably in recent years. Protocols based on this technology are being developed for a great variety of applications. Reliability is one of the main requirements for communication protocols in industrial environments. Interferences, noisy environment and high risk processes that are monitored are factors that increase the levels of requirements in terms of reliability, redundancy and security of the protocol. The WirelessHART protocol is a wireless communication standard specifically designed for process monitoring and control applications with the necessary requirements for to be used in industrial environments. The WirelessHART standard defines several technical aspects to be used in the development of the algorithms. The algorithms of routing and scheduling messages are highly relevant to meeting the timing requirements of reliability and safety. Routing and scheduling strategies are specified, however, the routing and scheduling algorithms are not defined for use. The goal of this dissertation is to analyze some of the main algorithms that have been proposed specifically for the WirelessHART protocol and to present a set able to be applied in this protocol. Analyzes and comparisons between algorithms are realized by providing a detailed study of their impacts on the protocol performance.
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Müller, Ivan. „Gerenciamento descentralizado de redes sem fio industriais segundo o padrão WirelessHART“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76169.
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O uso de equipamentos sem fio em sistemas de monitoramento e controle de processos industriais vem aumentando gradativamente. Os elevados custos de cabeamento incentivam os gerentes de fábricas para que considerem o uso de sistemas industriais sem fio, uma vez que estes promovem grandes reduções nos custos de instalação finais. Entretanto, a robustez do enlace de rádio frequência e os requerimentos de comunicação em tempo real são frequentemente citados como obstáculos reais para o uso de tecnologias sem fio na indústria. À frente das demais organizações, a HART Foundation lançou em 2007 o WirelessHART, sendo este o primeiro padrão aberto de comunicação sem fio especificamente desenvolvido para ambientes industriais. Apesar de ser um protocolo seguro e de propiciar comunicação em tempo real, o estudo aprofundado do WirelessHART revela diversas possibilidades de melhorias. Nesse protocolo, o gerenciamento da rede é feito de forma centralizada, o que garante maior simplicidade e controle sobre o escalonamento, roteamento e a segurança das mensagens. Por outro lado, grandes latências, especialmente nos processos de conexão e desconexão de nós, impossibilitam o uso de dispositivos móveis ou intermitentes. A concentração do gerenciamento em um só elemento também leva à fragilidade do sistema: na falha do gerenciador central, toda rede fica inoperante. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma arquitetura de rede WirelessHART inovadora, que utiliza coprocessadores gerenciadores distribuídos para possibilitar a descentralização do gerenciamento e consequentemente as suas vantagens. O sistema desenvolvido permite diferentes configurações descentralizadas, parciais ou totais, e com mínimas modificações no protocolo original. A arquitetura de rede proposta mantém os dispositivos de campo com suas características originais, de baixo custo e consumo, além de permitir a coexistência com equipamentos certificados. A metodologia para a descentralização é apresentada e o estudo de caso realizado permite a avaliação da proposta. A originalidade deste trabalho é verificada através do estudo do estado da arte. Os resultados obtidos de um estudo de caso demonstram o grande potencial da proposta, com reduções significativas nos tempos de agregação e manutenção da rede. A proposta de descentralização possibilita configurações e modos operacionais antes impossíveis no WirelessHART, tais como o uso de dispositivos móveis ou intermitentes e o emprego de técnicas de handover.The use of wireless devices in industrial systems for process monitoring and control has been gradually increasing. The high costs of cabling encourage plant managers to consider the use of such industrial wireless systems, since they promote large reductions in final costs. However, the link robustness and the real-time communication requirements are frequently cited as real obstacles to the use of wireless technologies in the industry. Ahead of other organizations, the HART Foundation launched the in 2007WirelessHART, which is the first open standard for wireless communications developed specifically for industrial environments. WirelessHART is a reliable and secure protocol and provide real-time communications but the thorough study of this protocol reveals several possibile improvements. In this protocol, network management is done centrally, ensuring simplicity and control over the scheduling, routing and messaging security. Moreover, large latency, especially in the connection and disconnection processes of field devices, preclude the use of mobile or intermittent devices. The concentration of one element in management also leads to the system fragility: if the central manager fails the entire network fail. In this work, a innovative WirelessHART network achitecture is presented and implemented by means of hardware-based distributed network manager coprocessors to enable decentralization and its blessings. The developed system allows different decentralized, partial or total architectures with minimal changes to the original protocol. A hardware-based solution maintains field devices with its low cost and consumption features and allow coexistence with certified equipment. The decentralization methodology along with its originality is presented and case study allows the evaluation of the proposal. The results demonstrate the architecture has great potential with significant reductions in join and maintenance times. The proposed decentralization enables configurations and operating modes previously impossible in WirelessHART such as the use of mobile or intermittent devices and handover techniques.
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Bayou, Lyes. „Assessment and enforcement of wireless sensor network-based SCADA systems security“. Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0083/document.
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La sécurité des systèmes de contrôle industriel est une préoccupation majeure. En effet, ces systèmes gèrent des installations qui jouent un rôle économique important. En outre, attaquer ces systèmes peut non seulement entraîner des pertes économiques, mais aussi menacer des vies humaines. Par conséquent, et comme ces systèmes dépendent des données collectées, il devient évident qu’en plus des exigences de temps réel, il est important de sécuriser les canaux de communication entre ces capteurs et les contrôleurs principaux. Ces problèmes sont plus difficiles à résoudre dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN). Cette thèse a pour but d’aborder les questions de sécurité des WSN. Tout d’abord, nous effectuons une étude de sécurité approfondie du protocole WirelessHART. Ce dernier est le protocole leader pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil industriels (WISN). Nous évaluons ses forces et soulignons ses faiblesses et ses limites. En particulier, nous décrivons deux vulnérabilités de sécurité dangereuses dans son schéma de communication et proposons des améliorations afin d’y remédier. Ensuite, nous présentons wIDS, un système de détection d’intrusion (IDS) multicouches qui se base sur les spécifications, spécialement développé pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil industriels. L’IDS proposé vérifie la conformité de chaque action effectuée par un noeud sans fil sur la base d’un modèle formel du comportement normal attenduThe security in Industrial Control Systems is a major concern. Indeed, these systems manage installations that play an important economical role. Furthermore, targeting these systems can lead not only to economical losses but can also threaten human lives. Therefore, and as these systems depend on sensing data, it becomes obvious that additionally to real-time requirement, it is important to secure communication channels between these sensors and the main controllers. These issues are more challenging inWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) as the use of wireless communications brings its own security weaknesses. This thesis aims to address WSN-based security issues. Firstly, we conduct an in-deep security study of the WirelessHART protocol. This latter is the leading protocol for Wireless Industrial Sensor Networks (WISN) and is the first international approved standard. We assess its strengths and emphasize its weaknesses and limitations. In particular, we describe two harmful security vulnerabilities in the communication scheme of WirelessHART and propose improvement in order to mitigate them. Secondly, we present wIDS, a multilayer specification based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) specially tailored for Wireless Industrial Sensor Networks. The proposed IDS checks the compliance of each action performed by a wireless node based on a formal model of the expected normal behavior
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Alves, Luiz Ferreira. „Laboratório remoto para controle e supervisão de processos industriais em planta didática multitarefa“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-26022019-104544/.
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Esta dissertação aborda o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um laboratório remoto para a disciplina \"SEL0431 - Laboratório de Controle de Processos Industriais\", a qual visa proporcionar aos alunos o contato direto com sistemas de controle e supervisão de processos industriais através de projetos desenvolvidos em uma planta didática industrial. O laboratório foi implementado em 2017 e é constituído por uma planta de escala reduzida, que contém instrumentos de campo, controladores lógicos programáveis, redes de comunicação digitais e um servidor, que conecta a rede local do laboratório à rede da Universidade. Os estudantes acessam este servidor através de aplicações de protocolo remoto RDP sobre VPN com portais online e ferramentas adicionais de suporte para que realizem seus experimentos à distância com a planta. Além de atuar como gateway entre a planta e as máquinas dos alunos, o servidor autentica seus usuários, gerencia acessos simultâneos e permite que os alunos visualizem e obtenham os dados da planta mais facilmente. Ao final de cada projeto, o autor deste trabalho conduziu um questionário para registrar a impressão dos estudantes sobre o uso do laboratório remoto e comparou os resultados apresentados pelos alunos da turma de 2016 e os da turma de 2017 desta disciplina. Esta análise indicou que a adição de um laboratório remoto apresentou um impacto positivo no desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes nesta disciplina: eles atingiram resultados mais completos, exploraram mais a fundo os recursos da planta e avaliaram positivamente o uso da ferramenta. Ademais, esta solução técnica adotada para desenvolver o laboratório remoto é replicável a outras disciplinas e possui a vantagem de permitir o controle total da planta pelos alunos sem abdicar da segurança durante os experimentos.This thesis addresses the development and implementation of a remote laboratory for the discipline \"SEL0431 – Industrial Processes Control Laboratory\", which aims to provide students with direct contact with control and supervision systems of industrial processes through projects developed in a didactic plant. The laboratory was first implemented in 2017 and consists of a reduced scale plant, which contains field instruments, programmable logic controllers, digital communication networks and a server that connects the laboratory\'s local network to the University Wide Area Network (WAN). Students access the server through RDP applications over VPN and they are supported by online portals and additional tools to perform their remote experiments with the plant. In addition to serving as a gateway between the plant and the students\' machines, the server authenticates its users, manages simultaneous access and enables students to view and obtain plant data more easily. At the end of each project, the author of this paper conducted a survey to record the students\' impression of the use of the remote laboratory and compared the results presented by the students of 2016 classes and those of 2017 classes of this discipline. The analysis revealed the remote laboratory positively impacted on the academic performance of students in this discipline: they achieved more complete results, explored more deeply the plant resources and positively evaluated the use of such tool as a support for teaching industrial processes control and supervision. Furthermore, the technical solution is replicable to other practical courses and presents the advantage of enabling students to totally control the plant without forgoing the security during their experiments.
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Menezes, Junior Luiz Ferreira. „Controle automatizado para scanners de luz“. [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264979.
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Orientador: Paulo Roberto Gardel KurkaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:13:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MenezesJunior_LuizFerreira_M.pdf: 3960270 bytes, checksum: 542b501adbaca7fc3d8ff80120fab0d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um método de controle automatizado de scanners de luz baseado no posicionamento dos projetores. É desenvolvida ainda uma estratégia de posicionamento dos focos de luz, através de acionamento sincronizado por sinais de áudio. Todos os modos de controle desenvolvidos são incorporados a um software de gerenciamento. No processo de controle toma-se necessário também a construção de uma interface de dados baseada no protocolo PC-DMX512. O trabalho contempla ainda uma descrição detalhada de tal protocolo e do hardware construído. O resultado final é ilustrado através de exemplos e do manual de operação do software de controle
Abstract: The work presents a method for automatically positioning of the light beam scanners. A strategy for synchronizing their positions based on the audio signals is also developed All control modes developed are incorporated into a managing system software. The controlling process requires the construction of a digital data interface to the hardware on the basis of the DMX512 protocol. The work includes a detailed description of the DMX512 protocol and the implemented hardware. Final results are illustrated through examples and operation manual
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Rouget, Peter. „Design of mechanisms for filtering and isolations of industrial protocols“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS027/document.
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Avec l’essor de l'Industrie 4.0, de nombreuses infrastructures ont été contraintes d’ouvrir leurs réseaux à Internet, principalement pour répondre au besoin croissant de supervision et de contrôle à distance. Mais là où ces infrastructures étaient auparavant isolées, épargnées par les menaces extérieures, leur ouverture a provoqué l’émergence de nouveaux risques, en particulier à travers le réseau, potentiellement sérieux et qui ne sont pas couverts.Les solutions de cybersécurité, comme les pare-feux, les systèmes de détection d’intrusion ou les systèmes de protection contre les intrusions, sont couramment utilisés pour répondre aux préoccupations liées à la cybersécurité des infrastructures industrielles. Cependant, la tendance à se fier aux systèmes logiciels pour assurer la protection du réseau a mis en lumière les vulnérabilités de ces systèmes, en raison de leurs implémentations logicielles inhérentes. En outre, l’industrie est liée à ses propres spécificités (faible latence, support de protocoles réseaux spécifiques), qui sont rarement couvertes par les solutions informatiques communes.L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier l’utilisation de dispositifs FPGA appliqués à la cybersécurité pour les réseaux industriels, soit comme support pour des applications de sécurité logicielle, soit pour effectuer des opérations critiques d’analyse réseau. Ce travail présente d’abord le contexte industriel, avec les systèmes de contrôle, leurs architectures, leurs besoins, les règles de mise en œuvre, les protocoles spécifiques et donne également deux exemples de systèmes de contrôle comme on peut en trouver dans l’industrie. Il met ensuite en lumière les problèmes de sécurité, avec une description des menaces les plus courantes, des études de cas sur leurs applications et leurs impacts dans un système de contrôle, et des discussions sur les contre-mesures de pointe disponibles sur le marché. Suite à l'établissement d'une cible de sécurité, nous mettrons en évidence la vulnérabilité des éléments logiciels et des systèmes d’exploitation. Nous verrons aussi comment l’absence d’analyse de sécurité tenant compte de l’état des processus peut mener à certaines vulnérabilités.Pour pallier à ces problèmes, nous proposons, par une première contribution, de renforcer la sécurité des systèmes logiciels en tirant parti des mécanismes de protection existants du FPGA. Enfin, pour répondre à des menaces applicatives spécifiques, nous proposons la mise en œuvre d’une architecture de reconnaissance de motifs, sur FPGA, prenant en considération le cadre temporel et l'état du procédé industriel. Cette thèse a été réalisée en collaboration avec le Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM) et la société SECLABWith the rise of Industry 4.0, many infrastructures were forced to open their networks to the Internet, mainly to meet the growing need for supervision and remote control. But where these infrastructures were previously isolated, spared from external threats, their opening has caused the emergence of new threats, particularly network ones, which were not addressed and present serious risks.Network cybersecurity solutions, like Firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems or Intrusion Protection Systems are commonly used to address the concern of industrial infrastructures cybersecurity. However the trend of relying on software-based systems to ensure network protection brought to light the vulnerabilities of these systems, due to their inherent software implementation. Furthermore, the industry is tied to its own specificities (low-latency, support of specific network protocols), which are rarely covered by common IT solutions.The main goal of this thesis is to study the use of FPGA-based devices applied to cybersecurity for industrial networks. Either as support for software-based security applications, or to perform critical network analysis operations. First it presents the industrial context, with control systems, their architectures, needs, implementation rules, specific protocols and also gives two examples of control systems as they can be found in the industry. Then it highlights the security problematic, with a description of the most common threats, cases study about their applications and impact in a control system, and discussions on the state of the art counter-measures available on the market. Through the establishment of a security target, it points the vulnerability of software elements and operating systems as well as the lack of process state aware security analysis.To address these issues, we propose, through a first contribution, to enforce the security of the software system by taking advantage of existing FPGA's protection mechanisms. Finally, to answer specific application threats, we introduce an implementation of a brute force matching architecture with time and operational-process awareness, on FPGA.This thesis was conducted in collaboration between the Montpellier computer science, robotic and microelectronic laboratory (LIRMM) and the SECLAB company
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Pease, Amanda Lee. „Heat Stress Evaluation of Protective Clothing Ensembles“. Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3485.
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Clothing directly affects the level of heat stress exposure. Useful measures to express the thermal characteristics are WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) clothing adjustment factor (CAF) or apparent total evaporative resistance (Re,T,a). The CAF is assigned through laboratory wear trials following a heat stress protocol in which the air temperature and humidity are progressively increased until the participant clearly loses the ability to maintain thermal equilibrium. The critical condition is the point of thermal transition and from these conditions both the CAF and Re,T,a are computed. The first objective of this study is to compare the thermal characteristics of a coverall made from a prototype fabric to work clothes and a commercial limited-use coverall using CAF and Re,T,a. A second objective is to demonstrate that the Re,T,a of work clothes is the same for progressive or steady-state heat stress protocols.
Five participants (4 men and 1 woman) walked on a treadmill at 1.25 m/s at an average metabolic rate of 175 W/m2. Each participant completed at least one progressive heat stress protocols in work clothes, Tyvek® 1422A coveralls [Tyvek® is a registered trademark of DuPont], and a developmental nonwoven polyolefin prototype ensemble provided by DuPont. In addition, four participants completed steady-state protocol in work clothes. Participants did not complete an acclimation period prior to the trials and each trail was separated by at least 40 hours.
There are no within participant differences in metabolic rate among ensembles and protocols. There are no differences between the critical WBGT in the current participants and previously acclimatized participants from other studies suggesting that the participants responded as if they were acclimatized. Based on a mixed effects model, there are significant differences between work clothes and Tyvek® 1422A for Re,T,a (0.0103 and 0.0141 m2/W kPa, respectively) and critical WBGT. The CAF for Tyvek is 2.3 °C-WBGT. For the DuPont prototype ensemble, the apparent total evaporative resistance is 0.013 m2kPa/W and the CAF is 0.5 °C. The prototype ensemble shows no difference from work clothes or Tyvek® 1422A in critical WBGT and no difference from work clothes in Re,T,a. Overall, the prototype coveralls exhibited thermal characteristics that would have a lower level of heat stress than the Tyvek 1422A and not significantly different from work clothes.
The values for Re,T,a for work clothes were not different between the steady state and progressive protocols. The steady-state protocol near the critical condition can be used for determination of Re,T,a. This opens up the possibility of estimating Re,T,a from studies that do not use the progressive protocol.
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Kabir-Querrec, Maëlle. „Cyber sécurité des systèmes industriels pour les smart-grids : détection d'intrusion dans les réseaux de communication IEC 61850“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT032/document.
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Les systèmes de contrôle et d'automatisation industriels (IACS - Industrial Control and Automation Systems) reposent largement et de plus en plus sur les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication. A l'origine, les IACS utilisaient des protocoles propriétaires sur des réseaux fermés, assurant ainsi une sécurité par obscurité et isolement. Mais les technologies et les usages ont évolué et cette sécurité intrinsèque n'existe plus désormais. Cette évolution concerne entre autre le domaine électrique : le réseau électrique devenant le "smart grid".Le standard IEC 61850 est un pilier pour le développement du smart grid. Il a pour objectif de rendre possible l'interopérabilité dans les "Systèmes et réseaux de communication pour l'automatisation des services de distribution d'énergie". Pour cela, la norme définit un modèle de données commun ainsi qu'une pile de protocoles répondant à divers besoins de communication.Le standard IEC 61850 n'aborde pas la question de la cyber sécurité malgré une prise de conscience générale qu'un risque cyber pèse sur les IACS.Ces travaux de recherche proposent de répondre à cette question de la cyber sécurité par de la détection d'intrusion dans les réseaux IEC 61850, et plus précisément dans les communications temps-réel GOOSE. L'idée est d'exploiter au maximum les sources d'informations que sont les spécifications du protocole et la configuration du système pour développer un système de détection d'intrusion réseau (NIDS - Network Intrusion Detection System) sur mesure. Cette approche comportementale déterministe est un gage de précision de détection.Ce manuscrit compte quatre chapitres. Les deux premiers consistent en un état de l'art détaillé sur les NIDS pour les IACS d'une part, et l'analyse du risque cyber d'autre part. Les deux autres chapitres présentent les contributions proprement dites de ces travaux de thèse. Le chapitre 3 explore tout d'abord le risque cyber pesant sur un poste électrique et pouvant compromettre la sûreté de fonctionnement du système. Dans un deuxième temps, est proposée une extension du modèle de données IEC 61850 dédiées à la détection d'intrusion dans les communication GOOSE. Le chapitre 4 commence avec la démonstration expérimentale de la faisabilité d'une attaque de type injection de données sur le protocole GOOSE, puis explique comment utiliser les fichiers de configuration du système pour spécifier les règles de détection. Un analyseur syntaxique pour le protocole GOOSE a été intégré à l'analyseur de trafic open source Bro, permettant l'implémentation d'un algorithme de détectionInformation and Communication Technologies have been pervading Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) for a few decades now. Initially, IACS ran proprietary protocols on closed networks, thus ensuring some level of security through obscurity and isolation. Technologies and usages have evolved and today this intrinsic security does not exist any longer, though. This transition is in progress in the electricity domain, the power infrastructure turning into the "smart grid".The IEC 61850 standard is key to the smart grid development. It is aimed at making interoperability possible in ``Communication networks and systems for power utility automation''. It thus defines a common data object model and a stack of protocols answering different purposes.Although the cyber risk in IACS is now widely acknowledged, IEC 61850 does not address cyber security in any way whatsoever.This work tackles the question of cyber security through network intrusion detection in IEC 61850 networks, and more specifically in real-time GOOSE communications. The idea is to get the most out of the protocol specifications and system configuration while developing a tailored NIDS. This enables detection accuracy
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Ingram, David M. E. „Assessment of precision timing and real-time data networks for digital substation automation“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60892/5/60892.pdf.
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This project researched the performance of emerging digital technology for high voltage electricity substations that significantly improves safety for staff and reduces the potential impact on the environment of equipment failure. The experimental evaluation used a scale model of a substation control system that incorporated real substation control and networking equipment with real-time simulation of the power system.
The outcomes confirm that it is possible to implement Ethernet networks in high voltage substations that meet the needs of utilities; however component-level testing of devices is necessary to achieve this. The assessment results have been used to further develop international standards for substation communication and precision timing.
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Koh, Kenneth Johannesen. „Analysis of Key Industrial WSN MAC Protocols“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27346.
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This paper looks at two MAC protocols for wireless sensor networksfor use in industrial applications developed at the Ubicom Lab, at theUniversity of Ulsan. A theoretical comparison of the MAC protocolsare performed to understand more about the benefits and downsidesto both of them, and experimental scenarios to validate the theoreticalanalysis are suggested. Theoretical analysis suggests that BigMAC hasan advantage in environments with high interference and frequent linkbreaks, while I-MAC has an advantage when the network topology isstable.
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Andreasson, Samuel, und Jesper Palmér. „OPC UA Field eXchange Prototyping : Enabling decentralized communication using Publish/Subscribe“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45029.
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Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture, or OPC UA, is a world-leading communication protocol specializing in unifying and automating production systems communication. In 2018 the OPC Foundation, an industrial consortium, started the OPC UA Field eXchange initiative to develop the current protocol to extend the reach of the communication down to field level devices like sensors and actuators. This paper explores whether OPC UA FX software can be implemented and integrated with HMS Networks’ product AnyBus CompactCom M40. The problem formulation stems from the future need for factory communication. For factories to compete, they need to adapt and keep up with the technological progression. OPC UA FX is based on decentralized communication where devices transmit data to each other by distributing the load over the entire system. The purpose of this report is to, based on the Open62541 implementation, develop software that extends OPC UA with PubSub functionality and methods that enable two or more instances to run as an FX application, meaning that the program publishes and subscribes data simultaneously. Once the software is developed, we integrate it on an AnyBus CompactCom 40 module. This will work as a communication prototype that proves that it is possible to extend OPC UA with FX into HMS Networks’ products. Open62541 is used to gather libraries and methods needed for OPC UA development. The software is developed using C in Visual Studios and integrated into the hardware using Eclipse. The result in the form of software was a connection-oriented data exchange, based on the OPC UA information model, where two or more instances can publish and subscribe to information simultaneously. HMS Networks can use the result on their way to implementing OPC UA FX in their products. In conclusion, the Open62541 implementation is beneficial when developing the OPC UA protocol. The software is complete, but it could not be fully integrated into the CompactCom module. The achieved application is still useful for the development of HMS Network’s products that might use the protocol.Open Platform Communication Unified Architechure, eller OPC UA, är ett av de världsledande kommunikationsprotokoll som är specialiserat i att förena kommunikation i produktionssystem. 2018 startade OPC Foundation, ett industriellt konsortium, ett initiativ vid namn OPC UA Field eXchange med målet att utvekcla det nuvarande protokollet så att det kan användas till kommunikation på låg nivå, exempelvis mellan sensorer och ställdon. Denna rapport utforskar ifall det är möjligt att utveckla protokollet och integrera det i HMS Networks modul AnyBus CompactCom 40. Problemformluleringen baseras på framtida behov hos fabriker relaterat till automatisering. För att konkurrera framöver behöver fabriker anpassa sig till utvecklingen inom automatisering. OPC UA FX fokuserar på decentralierad kommunikation mellan enheter som fältanordning, maskin och moln samtidigt för att belastningen ska delas upp över hela systemet. Samtidigt som enheter i industiella nätverket fritt ska kunna överföra data mellan varandra oberoende vilken tillverkare som skapat enheten. Syftet med arbetet är att, baserat på Open62541, utveckla PubSub teknologi med metoder som möjlighetsgör att två eller fler instanser av en FX applikation ska kunna transportera data genom att prenumerera på och publicera data samtidigt. När mjukvaran fungerar är tanken att integrera mjukvaran på en AnyBus CompactCom 40 modul för att bevisa att implementationen är möjlig i ett praktiskt sammanhang. Open62541 används för att inkludera nödvändiga OPC UA bibliotek, funktionalitet och datatyper. Protokollet utvecklas i C i en VisualStudio miljö och integreras med hjälp av Eclipse. Resultatet i form av mjukvara var en kopplings intriktat data utbyte, baserad på OPC UA information modell, där en eller två instanser av ett program kan publicera och prenumerera på data samtidigt. HMS Networks kan använda resultatet i arbetet att implementera OPC UA FX i deras produkter. Sammanfattningsvis är Open62541 ett mycket användbart verktyg för utvekcling av OPC UA protokol. Dessvärre lyckades inte integrationen av mjukvaran i CompactCom modulen helt och hållet, men det som åstadkommits i arbetet kan i hög grad användas för fortsatt utveckling av OPC UA FX i HMS Networks produkter.
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Scott, Andrew James. „The impact of touch screen technologies on the product interface“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
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Záviš, Jan. „Model křižovatky s průmyslovou komunikací“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442438.
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This diploma project summarizes a theoretical introduction regarding the issue of traffic light control. Further there is industrial communication discussed, where they are the Ethernet / IP protocol and the Modbus TCP protocol described more in detail. The following is the description of the Logix series programmable controllers. Then the diploma follows up with market research in order to find the most suitable development kit which is used as a trial prototype. Then it is concerned with a development kit with a communication module from AND-TECH company. Software was developed on them, more specifically a library for processor ports, memory and the Modbus TCP protocol. After verifying the functionality of the software, the hardware design was started. From the first site it is development kit and module and from the second site there are input and output circuits. There must be the assessment of the results found during the test operation. The end of the document describes incorrect steps that were repaired in hardware.
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Milosavljevic, Ivana. „Power Electronics System Communications“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31218.
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This work investigates communication issues in high-frequency power converters. A novel control communication network (Power Electronics System Network or PES Net) is proposed for modular, medium and high-power, converters. The network protocol, hardware and software are designed and implemented. The PES Net runs at 125 Mb/s over plastic optical fiber allowing converter switching frequencies in excess of 100 kHz. Communication control is implemented in a field programmable gate array device. A novel synchronization method applicable to ring networks is proposed. The effect of the communication delay on the power converter operation is studied.Master of Science
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Blackler, Alethea Liane. „Intuitive interaction with complex artefacts“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16219/1/Alethea_Blackler_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the role of intuition in the way that people operate unfamiliar devices, and the importance of this for designers. Intuition is a type of cognitive processing that is often non-conscious and utilises stored experiential knowledge. Intuitive interaction involves the use of knowledge gained from other products and/or experiences. Therefore, products that people use intuitively are those with features they have encountered before.
This position has been supported by two initial experimental studies, which revealed that prior exposure to products employing similar features helped participants to complete set tasks more quickly and intuitively, and that familiar features were intuitively used more often than unfamiliar ones. Participants who had a higher level of familiarity with similar technologies were able to use significantly more of the features intuitively the first time they encountered them, and were significantly quicker at doing the tasks. Those who were less familiar with relevant technologies required more assistance.
A third experiment was designed to test four different interface designs on a remote control in order to establish which of two variables - a feature's appearance or its location - was more important in making a design intuitive to use. As with the previous experiments, the findings of Experiment 3 suggested that performance is affected by a person's level of familiarity with similar technologies. Appearance (shape, size and labelling of buttons) seems to be the variable that most affects time spent on a task and intuitive uses. This suggests that the cues that people store in memory about a product's features depend on how the features look, rather than where on the product they are placed.
Three principles of intuitive interaction have been developed. A conceptual tool has also been devised to guide designers in their planning for intuitive interaction. Designers can work with these in order to make interfaces intuitive to use, and thus help users to adapt more easily to new products and product types.
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Blackler, Alethea Liane. „Intuitive interaction with complex artefacts“. Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16219/.
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This thesis examines the role of intuition in the way that people operate unfamiliar devices, and the importance of this for designers. Intuition is a type of cognitive processing that is often non-conscious and utilises stored experiential knowledge. Intuitive interaction involves the use of knowledge gained from other products and/or experiences. Therefore, products that people use intuitively are those with features they have encountered before. This position has been supported by two initial experimental studies, which revealed that prior exposure to products employing similar features helped participants to complete set tasks more quickly and intuitively, and that familiar features were intuitively used more often than unfamiliar ones. Participants who had a higher level of familiarity with similar technologies were able to use significantly more of the features intuitively the first time they encountered them, and were significantly quicker at doing the tasks. Those who were less familiar with relevant technologies required more assistance. A third experiment was designed to test four different interface designs on a remote control in order to establish which of two variables - a feature's appearance or its location - was more important in making a design intuitive to use. As with the previous experiments, the findings of Experiment 3 suggested that performance is affected by a person's level of familiarity with similar technologies. Appearance (shape, size and labelling of buttons) seems to be the variable that most affects time spent on a task and intuitive uses. This suggests that the cues that people store in memory about a product's features depend on how the features look, rather than where on the product they are placed. Three principles of intuitive interaction have been developed. A conceptual tool has also been devised to guide designers in their planning for intuitive interaction. Designers can work with these in order to make interfaces intuitive to use, and thus help users to adapt more easily to new products and product types.
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Higginbottom, Gary N. „Access protocols and their performance for industrial optical fibre LANs“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484246.
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Kutlu, Akif. „Wireless medium access control protocols for real-time industrial applications“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362214.
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Wireless Communication is the only solution for data transfer between mobile terminals to access the sensors and actuators in industrial environment Control Area Network (CAN) is desirable solution for many industrial applications since it meets the requirements of real-time transfer of messages between systems. In situations where the use of a cable is not feasible it is important and necessary to design wireless medium access control protocols for CAN to provide real-time communications. This thesis deals with modelling, simulation and performance analysis of wireless medium access control protocols for CAN. The main issue in this concept is to determine prioritisation of the messages in the wireless environment. In order to accomplish this, a Wireless Medium Access Control protocol called WMAC is first proposed for distributed environment. The prioritisation in the WMAC protocol is achieved by performing an operation of timing the interframe gap. In this method, every message within the network is assigned a unique time period before the transmission of the message. These individual time periods distinguish messages from each other and provides message priority. Second access method called Remote Frame Medium Access Control (RFMAC) protocol is proposed for centralised wireless environment. Since the central node organises the message traffic the prioritisation is accomplished automatically by the central node. Both protocols are evaluated by using simulation techniques. The third access method called Comb is designed by using an additional overhead which consist of binary sequence. The prioritisation in this access method is managed by the overhead. Additionally, the interconnection of wireless nodes is investigated. The results of the simulations and performance analysis show that the proposed protocols operating in the centralised and distributed environments are capable of supporting the prioritisation of the messages required for real-time industrial applications in a wireless environment.
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Karnå, David. „Communication Protocol for Advanced Prosthesis Components“. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9592.
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It would be of great value for the prosthesis industry to achieve an open standard for communication in upper limb prostheses. Cooperation between NTNU and the University of New Brunswick has resulted in a functional requirements specification for such a standard, SCIP(Standardised Communication Interface in Prostheses). The special challenges for communication in a prosthesis system are possible noisy environments, high demands for light weight, safety for the user and the fact that devices might be switched during operation. It was the purpose of this master thesis to make a design based upon those requirements. This was done by first choosing an existing bus standard, that would provide the lower levels of communication. CAN was chosen for this purpose. The next step of the design process was to transform the functional requirements into more specific technical requirements. This resulted in the definition of four types of nodes on the bus. These are bus controller, input controller, device controller and service controller. Their interactions called for the specification of several different message types, to support data exchange between the nodes. The result was a design that specifies node types, message types, variables like adresses, control strategies etc., state transition diagrams for the different node types and some message sequences. It also specifies the use of the CAN data-frame for all message types.
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Amado, Fábio Miguel Nogueira. „Implementação de pilha protocolar tempo-real para vídeo industrial“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3773.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesActualmente as necessidades de sistemas de tempo-real estão presentes em muitos campos da nossa sociedade. Desde um simples sistema de vídeo-conferência até à automação de uma fábrica. A tendência destes últimos anos é a de uniformizar meios de transmissão de informação tendo em vista a redução de custos. A rede Ethernet está bastante disseminada em vários sectores, sejam eles fabris, domésticos, telecomunicações, etc. No entanto, esta não consegue fornecer garantias de tempo-real dado aos seus mecanismos indeterminísticos de acesso ao meio. Existem várias soluções desenvolvidas por diversos fabricantes para tentar colmatar estas limitações inerentes ao protocolo. Esta dissertação utiliza uma dessas soluções de Industrial Ethernet: o protocolo FTT-SE (Flexible Time Trigger over Switched Ethernet), na implementação de uma stack tempo-real para uma câmara de vídeo industrial. Adicionalmente são apresentados alguns resultados e conclusões da implementação.
Nowadays real-time systems are present in several fields of our society. From a simple video conference system to factory automation. The trend of recent years is to standardize the means of transmitting information with the purpose of cost reduction. The Ethernet network is widely disseminated in various sectors, whether manufacturing, domestic, telecommunications, etc. However, it cannot deliver real-time guarantees given to its indeterministic mechanisms for medium access. There are several solutions developed by different manufacturers to help overcome these limitations inherent to the protocol. This dissertation uses one of these solutions for Industrial Ethernet: the FTT-SE protocol (Flexible Time Trigger over Switched Ethernet), on the implementation of a real-time stack for an industrial video camera. Additionally, some results and conclusions of the implementation are presented.
FCT - HaRTES
PTDC/EEA-ACR/73307/2006
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Akazan, Justin N'Guessan. „Contribution à l'intégration de la messagerie industrielle MMS dans les systèmes et applications temps réel et répartis“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL067N.
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Compte tenu de l'importance de la communication dans un Système Automatise (SA), le réseau MAP (Manufacturing Automation Protocol) et, en particulier, le protocole MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification) ont été développés afin de permettre la communication et la synchronisation entre des machines hétérogènes dans un SA. Bien que MMS offre des facilités de communication et de synchronisation entre taches réparties, ce protocole présente des faiblesses, notamment au niveau de la prise en compte des contraintes temporelles, alors que celles-ci sont fondamentalement importantes dans les environnements qui utilisent MMS. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de MMS dans des environnements industriels est limitée en raison de la difficulté inhérente à l'usage de MMS. Cette thèse est une contribution à la résolution de ces problèmes. Elle est structurée en trois parties: 1. Présentation de l'importance de la communication, donc de MMS, dans les systèmes automatisés. 2. Présentation d'un outil de développement d'applications temps réel fondées sur MMS. À partir d'une spécification d'application temps réel et répartie, cet outil, baptisé MMS-Toolkit, permet de générer les services de communication MMS ainsi que les contraintes temporelles provenant de la spécification de l'application. Il permet ainsi d'automatiser, en partie, l'étape de passage d'une architecture fonctionnelle à une architecture opérationnelle. 3. Présentation d'une approche d'extension de MMS du point de vue temps réel. Il s'agit de l'intégration des contraintes de temps dans les objets, services et le protocole MMS afin de mieux prendre en compte la dimension temporelle des applications faisant appel à MMS. Les contraintes de temps exprimées sur les objets et les services n'offrent d'intérêt que si les exécutions auxquelles elles sont associées sont ordonnancées en vue de respecter ces contraintes. Ainsi l'ordonnancement temps réel de taches et de messages devient primordial pour MMS temps réel ; il est donc étudié dans cette partie. La thèse se termine par une conclusion montrant les résultats obtenus et les perspectives envisagées pour poursuivre ce travail
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Valenzuela, Victor Enrique Lauria. „Arquitetura reutilizável de hardware e software para supervisão e controle remotos de Sistemas de Automação Industrial“. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4422.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
As market demands increased worldwide in response to economic growth, industrial automation systems became larger and more complex in order to meet these demands. This also increased the number of failures and maintenance necessity. However, solutions in automation often involve proprietary setups from manufacturers of industrial devices, preventing automation systems to be reused in different industrial applications without large efforts of development. Thus, systems that can be applied to a large number of industrial applications are desired by many companies, since they can reduce costs with deployment, maintenance and training, and even more if these systems also enable remote collection of information from their operation status. This work proposes a reusable hardware and software architecture to monitor and control industrial automation systems, which is not limited to a single industrial application; instead, it can be connected to any other one, as long as a communication port is available to access the process automation protocol. This is achieved by utilizing standardized technologies in the interfaces between components of the architecture, as well as by defining the structures of the software running on the hardware devices. A prototype was developed based on the proposed architecture and its application cases are later shown in a voice-activated coffee dispenser with a CANOpen protocol and in a wireless network of sensors and actuators with ZigBee-enabled devices. Finally, the deployment procedures of the prototype are described in a generalized application case.
Com o aumento das demandas de mercado a nível mundial, em resposta ao crescimento econômico, os sistemas de automação industrial tornaram-se maiores e mais complexos a fim de atendê-las, o que também aumentou o número de falhas e a necessidade de manutenção. No entanto, as soluções em automação muitas vezes envolvem configurações proprietárias dos fabricantes de equipamentos industriais, prevenindo sistemas de automação de serem reutilizados em diferentes aplicações industriais sem grandes esforços de desenvolvimento. Então, sistemas reutilizáveis em um grande número de aplicações industriais diferentes são desejados por muitas empresas, visto que se podem reduzir os custos com o desenvolvimento, manutenção e treinamento, ainda mais se também permitem coleta remota de informação sobre seu estado de funcionamento. O presente trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura reutilizável, composta de hardware e de software, para monitorar e controlar os sistemas de automação. Esta, por sua vez, não se limita a uma única aplicação, podendo ser ligada a outras, desde que uma porta de acesso ao protocolo de automação esteja disponível. Isto é alcançado através da utilização de tecnologias padronizadas nas interfaces entre os componentes da arquitetura, bem como definindo as estruturas para o software em execução nos mesmos. Um protótipo foi desenvolvido com base na arquitetura proposta e seus casos de aplicação são apresentados em uma máquina industrial de café, ativada por voz e com protocolo CANOpen, bem como em uma rede de sensores e atuadores sem fio, com dispositivos ZigBee. Finalmente, o processo de implantação é descrito em um caso de aplicação generalizado.
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Leite, Fábio Correa. „Modelamento da eficiência energética para o gerenciamento sustentável no setor industrial pela medição e verificação“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-17082010-095942/.
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O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os protocolos mais conhecidos de medição e verificação de programas de eficiência energética sob da ótica a aplicação do recurso privado em projetos de eficiência energética. A simples comparação de faturas de energia e a utilização não rigorosa de indicadores para determinação da energia economizada praticamente deixa de ser uma opção com a disponibilização de padrões compreensivos de M&V. Para tal são analisados estudos de caso de projetos de eficiência energética nos segmentos comercial e industrial e estes indicam um distanciamento entre as ferramentas modernas de M&V e a realidade, de modo que há dúvidas sobre garantia da sustentabilidade das ações ao longo do tempo. Dessa análise dos protocolos e estudos de caso foram identificadas demandas que são partes de uma metodologia proposta em 9 etapas focadas na sustentabilidade da energia economizada. A aplicação dessa metodologia é complementar à aplicação dos protocolos, tal que o engenheiro de eficiência energética possa pensar em todo processo de gestão e não apenas na implementação das MCEs. Esse trabalho conclui que a simples aderência aos protocolos de M&V é insuficiente para garantir a sustentabilidade das ações de conservação de energia a longo prazo.The purpose of this work is to analyze the most well known Measurement and Verification protocols to energy efficiency programs under private capital owner perspective. The simple comparison between energy bills and the non-rigorous use of energy efficiency indicators in the energy savings calculation are not an option anymore with the introduction of comprehensive M&V protocols. With this aim, energy efficiency case studies are analyzed in the commercial and industrial sectors and indicated theres a gap between the modern M&V tools and the reality. Doubts around the sustainability of energy savings in the long term raised. Based on literature review, analysis of protocols and case studies, improvement opportunities were identified and are part of a 9 steps methodology focused on the sustainability of energy savings proposed in this work. This methodology works in cooperation with current M&V protocols. The EE engineer shall then be able to think in the overall management process and not only in the Energy Conservation Measure. This work concluded that the M&V tools adherence solely is insufficient to guarantee the sustainability of energy savings in the long term.
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Firing, Tia Helene. „Analysis of the Transport Layer Security protocol“. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10025.
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In this master thesis we have presented a security analysis of the TLS protocol with particular emphasis on the recently discovered renegotiation attack. From our security proof we get that the Handshake protocol with renegotiation, including the fix from IETF, is secure, and hence not vulnerable to the renegotiation attack anymore. We have also analysed the Handshake protocol with session resumption, and the Application data protocol together with the Record protocol. Both of these protocols were deemed secure as well. All the security proofs are based on the UC (Universal Composability) security framework.