Thematische Bibliographien / Industrial protocol

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Industrial protocol“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 21. Februar 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Industrial protocol"

1

Zhang, Li Xin, und Liang Wang. „Industrial Monitoring Wireless Sensor Network Routing Algorithm and Simulation“. Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (Januar 2012): 1149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.1149.

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Aiming at the routing protocol in an industrial monitoring system, this paper analyzes the demand of the industrial monitoring wireless routing protocol, proposes a region adaptive routing protocol, and provides the algorithm, procedure and data structure of the route protocol in the industrial monitoring system. Simulation results show that the result of quantitative description compared energy consumption with time delay, this protocol is superior to orientation spreading, sensor protocols for information via negotiation(SPIN) and passing more energy protocols in both aspects, this algorithm can replace the all existing route protocols in the field of industrial monitoring area.
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Zhu, Xinghui, Ziheng Jiang, Qiyuan Zhang, Shuangrui Zhao und Zhiwei Zhang. „An Unknown Protocol Identification Method for Industrial Internet“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (05.09.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3792205.

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This paper focuses on the problem of protocol identification in the industrial internet and proposes an unknown protocol identification method. We first establish an industrial internet protocol detection model to classify known protocols, unknown protocols, and interference signals and then store the unknown protocols for manual analysis. Based on the Eps-neighborhood idea, we further develop an Eps-neighborhood hit algorithm and propose an identification method to identify unknown protocols, where the supervised learning classification of unknown protocol detection is realized. Finally, extensive experimental results are provided to illustrate our theoretical findings. It indicates that the proposed method has an average screening accuracy of 94.675% and 95.159% for unknown protocols encoded in binary and ASCII, respectively, while the average screening accuracy of known protocols in binary and ASCII encoding is 94.242% and 94.075%.
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Xu, Chi, Xinyi Du, Xinchun Li, Yachun Tu, Lin Li, Xi Jin und Changqing Xia. „5G-Based Industrial Wireless Controller: Protocol Adaptation, Prototype Development, and Experimental Evaluation“. Actuators 12, Nr. 2 (21.01.2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12020049.

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As a promising industrial wireless network technology, 5G URLLC is playing a key role in industrial control systems which employ different kinds of industrial control protocols. This leaves a significant challenge in how to adapt 5G URLLC with existing industrial control protocols and develop novel industrial wireless controllers. Motivated by this, this paper investigates the protocol adaptation and experimental evaluations for the development of a 5G-based industrial wireless controller prototype. Specifically, using the globally used industrial protocol Modbus as an example, we first deeply analyze the characteristics of the data packet format and the communication time sequence of Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, and 5G protocols. Then, we propose a protocol resolution and conversion scheme for the protocol adaptation between Modbus RTU/Modbus TCP and 5G. Furthermore, we develop a wireless programmable logic controller (PLC) prototype system based on 5G. To evaluate the protocol adaptation scheme and the developed prototype, we perform extensive experiments to test the reliability and latency. The results demonstrate that the latency of the protocol adaptation scheme is smaller than that of protocol transparent transmission without resolution and conversion, while the reliability loss is not large. Moreover, the speed and reliability for the protocol adaptation between Modbus TCP and 5G are better than those between Modbus RTU and 5G.
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Wang, Qun, Zhonghao Sun, Zhangquan Wang, Shiping Ye, Ziyi Su, Hao Chen und Chao Hu. „A Practical Format and Semantic Reverse Analysis Approach for Industrial Control Protocols“. Security and Communication Networks 2021 (12.03.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6690988.

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Industrial control protocol is the basis of communication and interaction of industrial control system, and its security is related to the whole industrial infrastructure. Because many industrial control systems use proprietary protocols, it is necessary to adopt protocol reverse analysis technology to parse them and then detect whether there are secure vulnerabilities in the protocols by means of fuzzy testing. However, most of the existing technologies are designed for common network protocols, and there is no improvement for industrial control protocol. Therefore, we propose a multistage ensemble reverse analysis method, namely, MSERA, which fully considers the design concept of industrial control protocols. MSERA divides the traditional reverse analysis process into three stages and identifies the fields with different semantic characteristics in different stages and combines with field rectification to effectively improve the results of reverse analysis of industrial control protocols. Through the experimental comparison of some public and proprietary industrial control protocols, it is found that MSERA not only outperforms Netzob in the accuracy of field split but also far exceeds Netzob in semantic recognition accuracy. The experimental results show that MSERA is very practical and suitable for reverse analysis of industrial control protocols.
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Pandeeswaran, Chelliah, Natrajan Papa und Sundar G. Jayesh. „EE-Hybrid MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (Juni 2014): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.407.

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MAC protocol design in Wireless sensor networks becomes vibrant research field for the past several years. In this paper an EE-Hybrid MAC protocol (Energy efficient hybrid Medium Access Control) has been proposed, which is energy efficient and low latency MAC protocol, which uses interrupt method to assign priority for certain wireless sensor nodes assumed to be present in critical loops of industrial process control domain. EE-Hybrid MAC overcomes some of the limitations in the existing approaches. Industrial wireless sensor network require a suitable MAC protocol which offers energy efficiency and capable of handling emergency situations in industrial automation domain. Time critical and mission critical applications demands not only energy efficiency but strict timeliness and reliability. Harsh environmental condition and dynamic network topologies may cause industrial sensor to malfunction, so the developed protocol must adapt to changing topology and harsh environment. Most of the existing MAC protocols have number of limitations for industrial application domain In industrial automation scenario, certain sensor loops are found to be time critical, where data’s have to be transferred without any further delay. The proposed EE-Hybrid MAC protocol is simulated in NS2 environment, from the result it is observed that proposed protocol provides better performance compared to the conventional MAC protocols.
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Peixoto, João Alvarez, André Borin Soares und Vitor Macedo Ochôa. „Internet das Coisas Industrial: um ensaio de protocolos IoT para manufatura industrial“. Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS 8, Nr. 3 (23.12.2022): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.83.178-187.

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Em meio às mudanças no mercado de bens e consumo, provocadas pela transformação digital, exige-se que as máquinas de manufaturas sejam mais interativas entre si e com os painéis de monitoramento em nuvem. As conexões via internet das coisas (IoT) promovem este grau de interação e mobilidade desejados. Contudo, o ambiente industrial reivindica melhor confiabilidade e segurança, visto que a Internet das Coisas Industrial (IIoT) apresenta-se com protocolos e plataformas para este fim. Portanto, conhecer as características de protocolos e plataformas, ante a manufatura, adquire importância. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar as funcionalidades dos protocolos MQTT, HTTP e CoAP como uma aplicação de manufatura industrial, com painel de monitoramento nas plataformas Adafruit.IO, Tago.IO e Thinger.IO. É proposto um método para a realização de estudos semelhantes, em sistemas de manufatura interativa, com uso de protocolos e plataformas IIoT. Como forma de conexão da máquina com a internet, é utilizado o módulo ESP8266 NodeMCU. Na aplicação, as plataformas IIoT obtiveram resultados muito semelhantes, podendo ser a elas atribuídas o mesmo grau de importância para o estudo. Os protocolos diferenciaram-se, sendo o protocolo MQTT o que melhor respondeu às funcionalidades do sistema de manufatura proposto, ao oferecer sua comunicação assíncrona, sem necessidade de que os equipamentos estejam constantemente interagindo. Já o protocolo HTTP apresentou melhores recursos em APIs, mas sua conexão síncrona demanda uma boa rede de dados em internet. Por fim, o protocolo CoAP apresentou documentação insuficiente para acesso às plataformas e bibliotecas para uso em módulos microcontroladores. Palavras-chave: Protocolos; IIoT; plataformas; redes; indústria 4.0; programação. Abstract Industrial Internet of Things: a trial of IoT protocols for industrial manufacturing Changes in the goods and consumption market, caused by digital transformation, require manufacturing machines to be more interactive, with each other and with cloud monitoring panels. Connections via the Internet of Things (IoT) promote this desired degree of interaction and mobility, but the industrial environment demands increased reliability and security. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) presents itself with protocols and platforms for this purpose. Knowing the characteristics of protocols and platforms, facing the desired manufacturing, becomes important. The objective of this study is to characterize the functionalities of the MQTT, HTTP and CoAP protocols in an industrial manufacturing application, with a monitoring panel on the Adafruit.IO, Tago.IO and Thinger.IO platforms. A method is proposed for carrying out similar studies in interactive manufacturing systems, using IIoT protocols and platforms. As a way of connecting the machine to the internet, the ESP8266 NodeMCU module is used. In the developed application, the IIoT platforms obtained very similar results, and they can be attributed the same degree of importance for the study. In the evaluation of the protocols, the MQTT protocol was the one that best met the functionalities of the proposed manufacturing system, providing its asynchronous communication, which does not requires the equipment to be constantly interacting. The HTTP protocol has better features in APIs, but its synchronous connection demands a good data network on the internet. The CoAP protocol presented insufficient documentation available for access to platforms and libraries, for use in microcontroller modules. Keywords: Protocols; IIoT; platforms; networks; industry 4.0; programming. Resumen Internet Industrial de las Cosas: un ensayo de protocolos IoT para la fabricación industrial En medio de los cambios en el mercado de bienes y de consumo provocados por la transformación digital, se requiere que las máquinas de fabricación sean más interactivas, tanto entre sí como con los paneles de control en la nube. Las conexiones dela Internet de las Cosas (IoT) promueven este grado deseado de interacción y movilidad, pero el entorno industrial exige una mayor fiabilidad y seguridad. La Internet Industrial de las Cosas (IIoT) se presenta con protocolos y plataformas para este fin. Conocer las características de los protocolos y las plataformas relacionados a la fabricación cobra importancia. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar las funcionalidades de los protocolos MQTT, HTTP y CoAP en una aplicación de fabricación industrial, con panel de control en las plataformas Adafruit.IO, Tago.IO y Thinger.IO. Se propone un método para realizar estudios similares, en sistemas de fabricación interactivos, utilizando protocolos y plataformas IIoT. Como forma de conectar la máquina a internet, se utiliza el módulo ESP8266 NodeMCU. En la aplicación, las plataformas IIoT obtuvieron resultados muy similares, pudiendo asignarles el mismo grado de importancia para el estudio. Los protocolos, en cambio, se mostraron diferentes, siendo el MQTT el que mejor respondió a las funcionalidades del sistema de fabricación propuesto, ofreciendo su comunicación asíncrona, no requiriendo que los equipos estén constantemente interactuando. El protocolo HTTP presentaba mejores recursos en las API, pero su conexión sincrónica exige una buena red de datos de internet. Por último, el protocolo CoAP presentó una documentación insuficiente para el acceso a las plataformas y bibliotecas, para su uso en módulos de microcontroladores. Palabras clave: Protocolos; IIoT; plataformas; redes; industria 4.0; programa.
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Zhai, Liang, Qiuhua Zheng, Xu Zhang, Haizhong Hu, Weihao Yin, Yingpei Zeng und Ting Wu. „Identification of Private ICS Protocols Based on Raw Traffic“. Symmetry 13, Nr. 9 (19.09.2021): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091743.

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With the development of the Industrial Internet in recent years, security issues have been a hot topic of the industrial control system (ICS) network management. Identifying the protocol traffic in the communication process of the ICS is an important prerequisite to avoid security problems, especially in ICSs that use many private protocols. The private protocols cannot be analyzed due to the unknown internal structure of the protocols, which makes the ICS protocol identification work more difficult. However, the Internet-oriented protocol identification method is not applicable to the scenario of the private ICS protocols network environment. With this problem in mind, this paper proposes a method of ICS protocol identification based on the raw traffic payload. The method firstly performs data preprocessing such as data selection, interception, cleaning conversion, and labeling on the raw traffic of the protocol based on the characteristics of the industrial control protocol. Then it uses an AM-1DCNN + LSTM deep learning model to extract temporal and spatial features of the ICS raw traffic, and performs protocol identification. This method can effectively extract ICS protocol features in scenarios where protocol parsing is impossible compared with existing methods. We constructed a dataset for ICS protocol identification based on open-source data and tested the proposed method for experiments, and the identification accuracy rate reached 93%.
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Du, Jinze, Chengtai Gao und Tao Feng. „Formal Safety Assessment and Improvement of DDS Protocol for Industrial Data Distribution Service“. Future Internet 15, Nr. 1 (31.12.2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15010024.

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The Data Distribution Service (DDS) for real-time systems is an industrial Internet communication protocol. Due to its distributed high reliability and the ability to transmit device data communication in real-time, it has been widely used in industry, medical care, transportation, and national defense. With the wide application of various protocols, protocol security has become a top priority. There are many studies on protocol security, but these studies lack a formal security assessment of protocols. Based on the above status, this paper evaluates and improves the security of the DDS protocol using a model detection method combining the Dolev–Yao attack model and the Coloring Petri Net (CPN) theory. Because of the security loopholes in the original protocol, a timestamp was introduced into the original protocol, and the shared key establishment process in the original protocol lacked fairness and consistency. We adopted a new establishment method to establish the shared secret and re-verified its security. The results show that the overall security of the protocol has been improved by 16.7% while effectively preventing current replay attack.
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KOCAMUFTUOGLU, Arda, Okan AKBAY und Serkan KABA. „A Comparative Study on Industrial Communication Protocols Using IoT Platforms“. Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 14 (31.12.2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1050178.

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In this study, the industrial communication protocols used in internet of things platforms are explained and compared with respect to pre-defined metrics which are gathered from devices in the industrial area, communication protocol principles, customer feedback and device hardware capabilities. They are explained in detail for end users and systems. Communication protocols in industrial area are given and illustrated with comparative table. The presented information and comparisons provide guidance for industrial internet of things projects. The selection of communication protocol is a critical process for surviving and sustaining of IoT platforms. IoT platforms provide solutions for industrial area for both on premise and cloud based applications compatible with industrial communication protocols. This study is shaped by the IoT platform which is developed by Klemsan, improved by industrial communication protocols which are widely used in industrial area, are explained briefly. There are 13 evaluation metrics which are presented in detail that is necessary to be chosen between industrial communication protocols for IoT platforms.
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Štohl, R., und K. Stibor. „Safety through Common Industrial Protocol“. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, Nr. 7 (2012): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120523-3-cz-3015.00069.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Industrial protocol"

1

Pallares, Joan. „Study of industrial environment using Zigbee protocol and modeling industrial noise“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27025.

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This thesis is focused on the industrial environment. This study aims to understand the difficulties wireless communications have when performing in these types of environment with a specific standard (and protocol) Zigbee. These difficulties are due mainly to the physical effects and interferences as well the electromagnetic waves from these wireless transmission signals can suffer. The background of this project is to analyze how industries can implement wireless sensor networks (using Zigbee standard) for their factories in order for them to be beneficial i.e. reliable or if it is possible. Industries normally tend to keep in the path of the old fashioned way i.e. wired systems which are more robust and can cope with the hard system requirements. Some study on these environment effects (interference as well) is performed. The results show how this (Zigbee) sensor network could be or should be implemented in order to have the best performance (disposition of devices, type of environment considering only industrial environments, etc.). Specifically, these results show that Zigbe wireless sensor networks are limited to some conditions in order to obtain the desired reliability. These conditions are that these networks must be performed in absorbing environments, LoS disposition of devices, not too long diatance between devices and not other networks in the same area using the same frequency band. The limitation of absorbing environments is because the dispersion effects in the (highly) reflective environments are critically damageful for the link. The limitation of the other devices operating in the same frequency band in a close area is due to the fact that Zigbee has no frequency diversity. Last but not least, the limitations to LoS and not too long maximum range (approximately 50 meters) are related since the range would be (much) lower than 50 meters if the communication was in NLoS disposition of devices. The noise in this environment is also studied and modeled. The results show that as the impulsive index (which is ameasure of the number of impulses that reach the receiver in a certain unit of time) takes larger values, the distribution approximates that of a Gaussian and as A takes lower values the reults show an impulsive characteristic. The Probability of error is computed for values of A less than 1, where the impulsive characterstic is shown, and as A takes larger values the error is greater.
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Phua, Cheng Tatt Valance. „A communication protocol framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments“. University of Western Australia. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0179.

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[Truncated abstract] Developing wireless sensor network communication protocols for industrial environments is a challenging task. The wireless channel conditions in industrial environments are harsher as a result of multipath propagation of radio signals within an environment where the mechanics of the surrounding industrial activities often lead to severe small-scale fading effects. The design of network protocols to function in such an environment needs to provide a robust communication platform for the wireless sensor nodes, while optimizing the utilization of the limited node resources available. As existing general MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks do not work well under harsh channel conditions, we address this problem in this thesis by proposing a medium access control (MAC) protocol framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments. To describe the impact of an automated industrial site on small-scale fading effects in an industrial indoor wireless network, we use a site-specific ray-tracer for predicting signal propagation based on building blue prints to simulate the signal propagation paths through an industrial site with periodically moving objects. We found that in a fully automated industrial site, the periodic movements of objects with constant velocities result in an approximately periodic distribution of fading periods in the channel. Based on this finding, we propose a link state dependent TDMA-based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks designed for automated industrial applications. ... This technique also conserves energy and maximizes packet integrity as the sensor nodes avoid performing network activities when the channel is sampled to be affected by fading. As a measure for fault-tolerance, we also propose a dynamic link reconstruction technique that allows sensor nodes to reconstruct new parent links when their present links are severely affected by fading. MAC protocols that adopt active buffering in fading-affected channels suffer bufferoverflow and latency issues as a result of the postponement of scheduled transmissions during periods when the channel is in a fade. Consequently, time-sensitive data packets that may contain critical information may miss their deadlines in a severely affected fading channel. Hence, we propose a general fading-aware data management (FADE) MAC protocol extension that uses buffer nodes to offload the memory buffer off sensor nodes in the network and prioritizes traffic based on a simple proposed priority scheme. The FADE extension provides a balance balance between minimum end-to-end latency for critical event reporting, high packet delivery guarantee, low energy consumption, and minimum buffer requirements on the sensor nodes. In summary, this thesis presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of all our proposed network protocols that are combined as a framework for wireless sensor networks in industrial environments.
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Cui, Qin. „TDMA-based Routing Protocol in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19748.

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Norén, Henrik. „Industrial Ethernet and new possibilities - Simplifying function tests of industrial devices“. Thesis, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52533.

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What do you do if you are implementing a new fieldbus protocol in your embed- ded industrial system and want to test it? This was the question that a group of engineers at ABB Corporate Research was asking themselves. Normally, the easiest way would probably be to buy a matching device supporting the same protocol and hook it up to the system. You might also need some equipment to listen in on the traffic between the two, so you’d need to buy that too.

But what if you are working with a limited budget? Or what if this protocol is fairly new, and matching devices are hard to find? Or what if you want to test cases that can’t normally be achieved with normal usage?

Normally, with traditional fieldbus standards, this could be complicated. You would probably need an additional sample of your new system, with some cus- tom made test code, and use this to test the original system. This is not a bad method, but this report will give an example of the new possibilities that comes with the new Ethernet base fieldbus standards emerging on the market today. It will highlight the possibility to create a test tool for your industrial system to use on a standard PC.

”Why?” you might ask. The report suggests that this solution is cheap, fast and flexible. First of all, no special hardware was needed, which had a posi- tive impact on cost. The only thing used was a PC and some standard office equipment.

Second, once the test tool was created, new test cases was really fast and easy to make. The test tool was designed to function as a general framework for creating dynamic test sequences based on Ethernet.

Third, the tool is flexible enough to test a lot of different cases, even cases not allowed by the standard. It made it possible to test cases that would have required the use of several samples of test system simultaneously to work. Also, because Ethernet is such a well known standard, there are a lot of existing software tools at your disposal. For example, free software for capturing and analyzing the test results was used during the tests. Furthermore, since the test tool was designed to be easily extendable to handle more protocols, it is even more flexible and useable for future similar problems.

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Liang, Kuei-Chia. „Explicit representation of design requirements and its impact on industrial designing“. Thesis, University of Derby, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/215211.

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The value of establishing design requirements is well-argued and the need for their clear representation in the material used to brief designers is recognised. However, very little attention has been given as to how the design requirements should be represented for use by industrial designers and whether, or how, such representations benefit design. The research presented in the thesis aims to explore approaches to the organisation and presentation of design brief requirements for effective use by designers. We first examined how design requirements are specified, organised and represented in theory and practice. The role of design requirements in the design problem-solving process was analysed to gain insight into how explicit requirement representation might benefit the design process. An experimental study, using protocol analysis, was then conducted to investigate the impact of explicitly representing design requirements in achieving the theoretical benefits for such representations. The results indicate the explicit representation of design brief requirements yields systematic enhancements including increased utilisation of design requirements and the production of solutions assessed as meeting design requirements more successfully. Thus, the findings support the proposition that the manner in which design requirements are represented will impact upon the design process and the designers' performance. In line with the research findings, recommendations are made about how the organisation and presentation of requirements may be manipulated to achieve maximum positive enhancement and minimal negative reduction in the quality of the design process
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Thompson, Shaun. „Application of controller area network bus and CANopen protocol in Industrial Automation“. Thesis, Thompson, Shaun (2018) Application of controller area network bus and CANopen protocol in Industrial Automation. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/44816/.

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The Controller Area Network Bus was released by Bosch as an innovative and new method of providing prioritised and fault tolerant communication within automotive applications. Since its introduction in 1986 many protocols have been designed to operate above this network structure, utilising the prioritisation properties to their advantage. This thesis will focus on building a custom testbed using existing university equipment and then programming an implementation of the CANopen protocol. The physical network will consist of a Controller Area Network bus as this is supported by a multitude of devices and can act as a method of integrating many devices available within the Murdoch University Industrial Computer Systems Laboratory that previously had no method of direct communication. The newly constructed testbed will be built in the most cost-effective manner possible and rely on integrating currently underutilised hardware available to students with the view of expanding the capabilities of teaching facilities in the Industrial Computer Systems Laboratory. The newly developed set of programs and network will facilitate the teaching of additional material to students by way of a set of manuals that will act to complement existing material already developed for the in-lab hardware.
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Derhamy, Hasan. „Towards Interoperable Industrial Internet of Things : An On-Demand Multi-Protocol Translator Service“. Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-138.

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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the result of the intersection between advancements in technology and the demand for more efficient and sustainable industry. Technology has provided a means for a large and heterogeneous collection of networks, devices, developers, owners, users and other stakeholders. From this there is a clear need for highly interoperable and independently developed systems. Interoperability is a communication challenge which affects all layers in a system. Communication protocols such as HTTP, CoAP, XMPP, OPC-UA and MQTT are above the network layer and below a semantic layer. This challenge includes overcoming interaction pattern differences, such as session and session-less protocols or publish/subscribe and request/response protocols. Common interoperability methods look at utilizing, a) middleware, such as in-system adapters and protocol gateways or b) restricting protocols to one or two possibilities. However, these solutions do not fit IIoT well as they are costly to adapt as the protocol landscape evolves, are intrusive to design or increase development costs. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been identified as having a great potential for integrating independent systems. When applied to industrial contexts, SOA late-binding and service composition offers opportunities for enhancing interoperability. However, SOA-based service contracts still require complete agreement between provider and consumer in order to exchange service. In this thesis an approach toward interoperability is proposed which leverages SOA principles and a multi-protocol translator. The proposed approach is first contextualized with a set of requirements pulled from existing literature and from application domain requirements. The thesis asks the question; how can late-binding and service composition be used to support a multi-protocol network of systems? The result, a new approach of a secure, on-demand and transparent protocol translator, is proposed. Conceptually satisfying the requirements defined, the design is backed up with empirical testing on usability and latency of the solution. The proposed solution differs from middleware in that, it is a participant (alongside the application system), it is on-demand (only used when needed), it is not intrusive (no design time dependencies) and it operates transparently (to application systems). A complete interoperability solution is deemed as future work, which could extend to full security, general encoding and semantic interoperability.
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Pettersson, William. „An Evaluation of IoT Protocol Efficiency and suitability : For smart vehicles, smart homes & industrial scenarios“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42392.

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Internet of things (IoT) är det överläggande området i denna rapport. IoT är ett väldigt intressant I nuläget och är snabbt växande. IoT kan beskrivas som ett nätverk av kommunicerande enheter som delar information och automatiserar eller försimplar uppgifter och därav ökar effektivitet och säkerhet. Området växer så pass fort att det förväntas vara 24 miljarder anslutna enheter vid år 2050, denna utökning leder i sin tur till ett ökat behov av förståelse för IoT protokollen som hanterar kommunikationen emellan enheterna. Detta för att kunna välja det mest optimala protokollet för ett givet scenario. Detta arbete kommer att välja ett lovande protokoll för undersökning samt evaluering gällande dess prestation berörande fördröjning, dataöverföringshastighet och skalbarhet.  Protokollet som valdes var MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Baserat på dessa evaluerade värden föra en diskussion gällande protokollets lämplighet inom scenariona. Värdena kommer att tas fram via tidmätningar start till slut för kommunikationen samt tid för att skicka en mängd meddelanden, båda i respekt till antalet samtidigt kommunicerande program. Testen körs med en lokal PC som agerar Broker och en Raspberry Pi som kör samtliga programmen i individuella terminaler. Resultaten var att fördröjningen verkar ha en näst intill linjär relation och dataöverföringshastighet ett exponentiellt avtagande beteende i respekt till samtidigt kommunicerande enheter. Dem mätta resultaten analyseras och diskuteras, och kommer till slutsatsen att protokollet är en lämplig kandidat för de flesta scenarion, så som smarta bilar, smarta hem och till viss del industriell användning. Den största nackdelen med protokollet var dess höga standardavvikelse gällande individuella meddelandens fördröjning.
Internet of things (IoT) is the base topic of this thesis, and it is a rapidly growing area, it can be described  as a network of communicating devices sharing information and streamlining tasks in addition to increasing efficiency and security. It is expected to be 24 billion connected devices by year 2050 and with this growth comes an increased demand on understanding the IoT protocols to be able to choose a suitable protocol for a given scenario. This thesis will discuss this area and pick one protocol to evaluate specifically regarding latency, throughput, and scalability. The protocol chosen were MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Based on these values then discuss whether the protocol is a suitable candidate for the scenarios. The data to evaluate this will be gathered by measuring the end-to-end time of the protocol in respect to the number of communicating programs, and to measure the time it takes to communicate a number of messages with respect to the number of programs handling the communication. These tests are performed with a local PC acting as the broker and a Raspberry pi running each of the communicating programs on individual terminals. The results were that latency seem to have a close to liner relation, and that throughput seem to have an exponentially decreasing relation with respect to number of clients cooperating. The measured results are analyzed and discussed and concluded that the protocol is a fitting candidate for most scenarios such as smart cars, smart homes and to some extent industry. The biggest flawed concluded was the protocols high standard deviation for individual messages latency. The outcome of the benchmarks measurement showed that increasing the number of nodes would not result in superior performance. It was noted that an optimal number of nodes was found to be between 1 and 20 for all the tests performed. The study showed that no load balancer could be considered a clear winner, instead, different configurations of load balancers performed varyingly well at different tests.
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Piccinini, Andrea. „Innovative Architecture for Industrial Monitoring System“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/128134.

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This thesis aims to develop a new innovative architecture for monitoring and SCADA systems able to centralize data and support data analytics for ideally every kind of productions. The core of the innovation is the definition and management inside the platform of a JSON configuration which describe the machine or the plant to be monitored. The state of the art gives a complete landscape about how technologies have evolved since the born of web and which of them have been applied in distributed system such as web monitoring systems. One of the most important topics here are the communication protocols, new generation of high performance databases and the purpose of machine learning algorithms in order to improve maintenance activities and support decision making process. Then the architecture of the system has been presented paying attention on the concept of reconfigurability and customization of the platform. This is done by configuring the machines by means a JSON descriptor that indicates which data collect in the system. An appendix explains in deep how the JSON configuration works and which parameters the user can manipulate in order to increase the precision and the performance of the system. Systems like the one proposed can be used in vary different ways and the thesis wants to analyze some of them and proposing solutions describing real case studies. These case studies regard quality check on the production line (online or offline), data collection for production scheduling and whole monitoring systems for textile application.
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Robson, Alessio Costa. „DISTRIBUIÇÃO E FRACIONAMENTO DE METAIS EM SOLOS DO DISTRITO INDUSTRIAL DE SÃO LUÍS DO MARANHÃO“. Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/994.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ALESSIO COSTA ROBSON.pdf: 887348 bytes, checksum: 0ec76a84f20ac6f686829b12c314fc0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30
The geochemical fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn were determined according to the protocol developed by the Comunnity Bureau of Reference (BCR). The fractions of the protocol are divided into exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidisable (F3). A new fraction, the residual (F4), was included in the fractionation. The concentration of metals was determined by atomic emission spectrometry by inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). In addition, a mobility experiment was conducted by spiking a standard solution of metals to soils and subsequent application of the BCR protocol. The results of fractionation in the original soils detected only the presence of Pb, distributed in exchangeable (F1) and residual fractions (F4), indicating that soils are not contaminated. The mobility experiment showed that added metals in soils were retained in the fractions F1 and F3. Most acid soils have lower metal immobilization metals in fraction F1 (r2 = 0.99). The decreasing order of metals in each fraction contaminated soils was: F1 (55.3%)> F3 (18.75%)> F2 (6.35%). The application of principal component analysis (PCA) identified that the Cr showed higher affinity to organic fraction (F3), followed by Cu. The soils of the industrial district do not have values that offer risk to the ecosystem. In turn, these soils, due to its acidity and low organic matter content, provide unfavorable conditions to metal retention, favoring leaching in case of eventual contamination.
As frações geoquímicas dos metais Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn foram determinadas conforme o protocolo desenvolvido pelo Comunnity Bureau of Reference (BCR). As frações do protocolo são divididas em trocável (F1), redutível (F2), oxidável (F3). Uma nova fração, a residual, foi incluída no fracionamento. A concentração de metais foi determinada por espectrometria de emissão atômica por plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES). Adicionalmente, foi conduzido um experimento de mobilidade mediante adição de uma solução-padrão de metais aos solos e posterior aplicação do protocolo BCR. Os resultados do fracionamento nos solos originais apresentaram detectaram apenas a presença de Pb, distribuídos em frações trocáveis(F1) e residuais, indicando que os solos não estão contaminados. O experimento de mobilidade demonstrou que os metais adicionados nos solos ficaram retidos nas frações F1 e F3. Os solos mais ácidos apresentam menor imobilização de metais na fração F1 (r2 = 0,99). A ordem decrescente dos metais em cada fração dos solos contaminados foi: F1 (55,3%) > F3 (18,75%) > F2 (6,35%). A aplicação da análise do componente principlal (PCA) permitiu identificar que o Cr apresentou maior afinidadepela fração orgânica (F3), seguido pelo Cu. Os solos do distrito industrial investigado não apresentam valores que oferecem risco ao ecossistema. Por sua vez, esses solos, devido a sua acidez e baixo teor de matéria orgânica, propriciam condições desfavoráveis a retenção de metais,favorecendo a lixiviação dos mesmos em caso de eventual contamainação. .
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Bücher zum Thema "Industrial protocol"

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Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. Protocol for the sampling and analysis of industrial/municipal wastewater. [Toronto]: The Ministry, 1994.

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Union, Barbados Workers'. Protocol Four of the Social Partnership 2001-2004. [Bridgetown, Barbados]: Barbados Workers' Union, 2002.

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Legal aspects of implementing the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Jeff, Hewett, Hrsg. Signaling System No. 7 (SS7/C7): Protocol, architecture, and services. Indianapolis, IN: Cisco, 2005.

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Office, International Labour. Plan of action (2010-2016): To achieve widespread ratification and effective implementation of the occupational safety and health instruments (Convention No. 155, its 2002 Protocol and Convention No. 187) : adopted by the Governing Body of the International Labour Organization at its 307th Session (March 2010). Geneva: International Labour Office, 2010.

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Ghosal, A. Network queueing systems: With industrial applications. New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 2004.

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Indonesia. Taxation protocol amending convention with Indonesia: Message from the President of the United States transmitting protocol, signed at Jakarta July 24, 1996, amending the convention between the government of the United States and the government of the Republic of Indonesia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, with a related protocol, and exchange of notes signed at Jakarta on July 11 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Indonesia. Taxation protocol amending convention with Indonesia: Message from the President of the United States transmitting protocol, signed at Jakarta July 24, 1996, amending the convention between the government of the United States and the government of the Republic of Indonesia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, with a related protocol, and exchange of notes signed at Jakarta on July 11 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Indonesia. Taxation protocol amending convention with Indonesia: Message from the President of the United States transmitting protocol, signed at Jakarta July 24, 1996, amending the convention between the government of the United States and the government of the Republic of Indonesia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, with a related protocol, and exchange of notes signed at Jakarta on July 11 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Commerce : exchange of notes constituting an agreement amending the protocol between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Russian Federation concerning questions relating to credits for deliveries of capital goods and services to the Russian Federation from Canada, done et Ottawa on April 28, 1992, Moscow, October 25, 1995, in force October 25, 1995 =: Commerce : échange de notes constituant un accord modifiant le protocole entre le gouvernement du Canada et le gouvernement de la Fédération de la Russie concernant les questions relatives aux crédits consentis pour la fourniture, à partir du Canada, de services et de biens de production à la Fédération de Russie, fait à Ottawa le 28 avril 1992, Moscou, le 25 octobre 1995, en vigueur le 25 octobre 1995. Ottawa, Ont: Queen's Printer = Imprimeur de la Reine, 1997.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Industrial protocol"

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Polsonetti, Chantal. „Industrial Ethernet Protocol Wars: Fieldbus Revisited“. In Fieldbus Technology, 39–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07219-6_2.

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Fiterău-Broştean, Paul, Ramon Janssen und Frits Vaandrager. „Learning Fragments of the TCP Network Protocol“. In Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems, 78–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10702-8_6.

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Gerke, Michael, Rüdiger Ehlers, Bernd Finkbeiner und Hans-Jörg Peter. „Model Checking the FlexRay Physical Layer Protocol“. In Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems, 132–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15898-8_9.

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Srivastava, Gautam, Ashutosh Dhar Dwivedi und Rajani Singh. „PHANTOM Protocol as the New Crypto-Democracy“. In Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management, 499–509. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99954-8_41.

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Ghosh, Shankar K., und Babul P. Tewari. „Performance Analysis of Distributed Mobility Protocol for Multi-Hop IoT Networks“. In Industrial Internet of Things, 243–54. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003145004-14.

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van Eekelen, Marko, Stefan ten Hoedt, René Schreurs und Yaroslav S. Usenko. „Analysis of a Session-Layer Protocol in mCRL2“. In Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems, 182–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79707-4_14.

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Siedlecka-Lamch, Olga, Imed El Fray, Mirosław Kurkowski und Jerzy Pejaś. „Verification of Mutual Authentication Protocol for MobInfoSec System“. In Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management, 461–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24369-6_38.

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Chaudhary, Kaylash, und Ansgar Fehnker. „Model Checking a Server-Side Micro Payment Protocol“. In Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems, 96–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19458-5_7.

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Domagała, Wojciech. „Spanning Tree Protocol in Wireless Industrial Communication System“. In Computer Networks, 306–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13861-4_32.

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Xu, Meihua, Peng Xu und Jingji Xu. „Design of Industrial PLC Based on ZigBee Protocol“. In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 54–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31968-6_7.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Industrial protocol"

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Novoselov, Sergiy, und Serhii Tesliuk. „STUDY OF THE METHOD OF INFORMATION TRANSFER TO LED MATRIX ACCORDING TO THE MODBUS PROTOCOL“. In 2021 III International Scientific and Practical Conference Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Device Development on Microcontrollers and FPGAs. MC-ampFPGA-2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35598/mcfpga.2021.011.

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Abstract This paper provides an example of using the ModBus industrial protocol to control an LED information board. The developed device can be used in a laboratory workshop to study the work with industrial protocols. Keywords: industrial networks, Modbus, Run string, Arduino, Protocol, Automated Module.
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Stohl, Radek, und Karel Stibor. „Safety through Common Industrial Protocol“. In 2013 14th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2013.6560585.

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Gabor, Georgel, Cosmin Pintilie, Catalin Dumitrescu, Nituca Costica und Adrian Traian Plesca. „Application of Industrial PROFIBUS-DP Protocol“. In 2018 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe.2018.8559857.

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Saito, Kenta, und Hiroaki Nishi. „Application Protocol Conversion Corresponding to Various IoT Protocols“. In IECON 2020 - 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon43393.2020.9255101.

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Chiwewe, Tapiwa M., und Gerhard P. Hancke. „Cognitiva — A cognitive industrial wireless network protocol: Protocol design and testbed implementation“. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2016.7475082.

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Wester, Craig, Mark Adamiak und Jakov Vico. „IEC61850 protocol - practical applications in industrial facilities“. In 2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2011.6074474.

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Bella, Giampaolo, Lawrence C. Paulson und Fabio Massacci. „The verification of an industrial payment protocol“. In the 9th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/586110.586113.

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Wolsing, Konrad, Eric Wagner und Martin Henze. „Facilitating Protocol-independent Industrial Intrusion Detection Systems“. In CCS '20: 2020 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372297.3420019.

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O'Leary, John, Murali Talupur und Mark R. Tuttle. „Protocol verification using flows: An industrial experience“. In 2009 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fmcad.2009.5351126.

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Kensuke Hosoya und Hiroshi Miyata. „Applying security architecture to industrial network protocol“. In 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indin.2010.5549701.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Industrial protocol"

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Kurnik, Charles W., Dakers Gowans und Chad Telarico. Chapter 2: Commercial and Industrial Lighting Evaluation Protocol. The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1408084.

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Kurnik, Charles W., und Stephen Carlson. Chapter 3: Commercial and Industrial Lighting Controls Evaluation Protocol. The Uniform Methods Project: Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific Measures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1398876.

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Iyer, Ananth V., Thomas Brady, Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Saichandar Naini, Srinath Jayan, Suraj Vasu, Sanjayraj Mohanraj und Janani Srinvasan. Forecasting Freight Logistic Needs and INDOT Plans. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317372.

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This project focused on forecasting freight logistics needs and developing and analyzing capacity plans for INDOT to consider. The forecast timeframe ranges from the 2020 to 2045; the commodities considered are those used in the FHWA framework. We considered five SSP (Shared Socio-Economic Pathways) scenarios that are in sync with those used by the IPCC (International Protocol for Climate Change). We also use the IPCC forecasts of world GDP and FHWA forecasts to develop county-level freight forecasts by commodity. A survey of industry participants, primarily in manufacturing, suggests that Indiana industries are tied to the rest of the country and the world for supply of inputs as well as for demand markets. Finally, we focus on three different industries—the recreational vehicle (RV) industry in Elkhart County, the furniture industry in Dubois County, and the Honda plant in Decatur County—to illustrate the impact of bill of materials and growth forecasts on forecasted congestion and potential capacity mitigation. Our results suggest that proactive capacity planning can enable INDOT to anticipate and ease congestion and ensure continued economic competitiveness for Indiana industries.
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Nardone, John, Leonard Sansone, William Kenney, Christos Christodoulatos und Agamemnon Koutsospyros. Energy efficiency and pollution prevention assessment protocol in the polymer processing industries. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/755235.

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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh und Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.

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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784
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6

David, Lior, Yaniv Palti, Moshe Kotler, Gideon Hulata und Eric M. Hallerman. Genetic Basis of Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 Resistance in Common Carp. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592645.bard.

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The goal of this project was to provide scientific and technical basis for initiating the development of breeding protocols using marker assisted selection for viral disease resistance in common carp. The specific objectives were: 1) Establishing families and characterizing the phenotypic and genetic variation of viral resistance; 2) Measuring the dynamics of immune response and developing a method to measure the long term immune memory; 3) Developing markers and generating a new genetic linkage map, which will enable initial QTL mapping; and, 4) Identifying genetic linkage of markers and candidate genes (like MHC and TLRs) with resistance to CyHV-3. The common carp is an important farmed freshwater fish species in the world. Edible carp is second only to tilapia in Israeli aquaculture production and ornamental carp (koi) is an important product in both the US and Israel. Carp industries worldwide have recently suffered enormous economic damage due to a viral disease caused by Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3). Aside from preventative measures, a sustainable solution to this problem will be to establish a genetic improvement program of the resistance of fish to the pathogen. The aims of the project was to take the necessary first steps towards that. The differences in survival rates after infection with CyHV-3 virus among 20 families from six types of crosses between three carp lines (two commercial lines and one wild-type carp) revealed that the wild-type carp and its crosses had a much-improved survival over the crosses of the commercial lines themselves. These crosses set the starting point for breeding of commercial strains with improved resistance. Resistant fish had lower antibody titer against the virus suggesting that resistance might depend more on the innate immunity. A set of 500 microsateliite markers was developed and the markers are currently being used for generating a genetic linkage map for carp and for identifying disease resistance QTL. Fourteen candidate immune genes, some of which were duplicated, were cloned from the carp and SNP markers were identified in them. The expression of these genes varied between tissues and suggested functional divergence of some duplicated genes. Initial association between CyHV-3 resistance and one of the genes was found when SNP alleles in these genes were tested for their segregation between susceptible and resistant progeny. The results of this project have implications to the development of viral resistant commercial carp strains and effective immunization against this aggressive disease. The genetic and immunological knowledge accumulated in this project will not only promote carp and koi production but will also contribute to a broader understanding of fish immunogenetics.
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph und P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.

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Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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