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1
Stein, Eric W. „The Transformative Environmental Effects Large-Scale Indoor Farming May Have On Air, Water, and Soil“. Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (Januar 2021): 117862212199581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622121995819.
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This article identifies the potential environmental effects large-scale indoor farming may have on air, water, and soil. We begin with an overview of what indoor farming is with a focus on greenhouses and indoor vertical farms (eg, plant factories). Next, the differences between these 2 primary methods of indoor farming are presented based on their structural requirements, methods of growing, media, nutrient sources, lighting requirements, facility capacity, and methods of climate control. We also highlight the benefits and challenges facing indoor farming. In the next section, an overview of research and the knowledge domain of indoor and vertical farming is provided. Various authors and topics for research are highlighted. In the next section, the transformative environmental effects that indoor farming may have on air, soil, and water are discussed. This article closes with suggestions for additional research on indoor farming and its influence on the environment.
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Buffoli, Maddalena, und Paolo Carli. „Skyland. Vertical farming a Milano“. TERRITORIO, Nr. 60 (März 2012): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-060009.
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Skyland is a design for an urban eco-building for the production of biological foods cultivated in a controlled indoor greenhouse environment. Within it the whole food chain will unfold ranging from production, which will take place on 30 terraced fl oors, to retail sales, located on the ground fl oor of the building. The whole process will follow specifi c sustainability and health promotion criteria, principles which today are inseparable from urban development.
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Rajan, Preethi, Rajasekaran R. Lada und Mason T. MacDonald. „Advancement in Indoor Vertical Farming for Microgreen Production“. American Journal of Plant Sciences 10, Nr. 08 (2019): 1397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2019.108100.
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Pinstrup-Andersen, Per. „Is it time to take vertical indoor farming seriously?“ Global Food Security 17 (Juni 2018): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.09.002.
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Qiu, Jiangxiao, Haimanote K. Bayabil und Yuncong Li. „Indoor Vertical Farming Systems for Food Security and Resource Sustainability“. EDIS 2020, Nr. 2 (28.04.2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fr429-2020.
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Indoor vertical farming has been gaining increased popularity worldwide as a method of addressing food security while satisfying sustainability needs. This fact sheet written by and published by the UF/IFAS provides a comprehensive summary of the current status of indoor vertical farming in the United States and globally, commercial derivatives, major sustainability benefits and limitations and challenges. Learn about the limitations and challenges of the industry as well as the potential benefits both for food security and resource sustainability.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr429
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Asseng, Senthold, Jose R. Guarin, Mahadev Raman, Oscar Monje, Gregory Kiss, Dickson D. Despommier, Forrest M. Meggers und Paul P. G. Gauthier. „Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 32 (27.07.2020): 19131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002655117.
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Scaling current cereal production to a growing global population will be a challenge. Wheat supplies approximately one-fifth of the calories and protein for human diets. Vertical farming is a possible promising option for increasing future wheat production. Here we show that wheat grown on a single hectare of land in a 10-layer indoor vertical facility could produce from 700 ± 40 t/ha (measured) to a maximum of 1,940 ± 230 t/ha (estimated) of grain annually under optimized temperature, intensive artificial light, high CO2levels, and a maximum attainable harvest index. Such yields would be 220 to 600 times the current world average annual wheat yield of 3.2 t/ha. Independent of climate, season, and region, indoor wheat farming could be environmentally superior, as less land area is needed along with reuse of most water, minimal use of pesticides and herbicides, and no nutrient losses. Although it is unlikely that indoor wheat farming will be economically competitive with current market prices in the near future, it could play an essential role in hedging against future climate or other unexpected disruptions to the food system. Nevertheless, maximum production potential remains to be confirmed experimentally, and further technological innovations are needed to reduce capital and energy costs in such facilities.
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Gnauer, Clemens, Harald Pichler, Christoph Schmittner, Markus Tauber, Korbinian Christl, Johannes Knapitsch und Martin Parapatits. „A recommendation for suitable technologies for an indoor farming framework“. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 137, Nr. 7 (09.09.2020): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-020-00824-7.
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Abstract Facing food insecurity and overuse of resources due to effects of climate change, humanity needs to find new ways to secure food production and produce close to consumers. Vertical farming, where plants are grown in vertical arrays inside buildings with help of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) components, could contribute to solving this issue. Such systems integrate heterogeneous devices on different computing layers and acquire a lot of data to monitor and optimize the production process. We created an indoor testing unit in which growing conditions can be monitored and controlled to optimize growth of microgreens. This setup includes an Indoor Farming Support as a Service (IFSaaS) prototype that provides safe and secure monitoring and controlling, as well as self-adaption of an indoor farming system. In this article we provide information about the combination of most suitable technologies.
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Wong, Chui Eng, Zhi Wei Norman Teo, Lisha Shen und Hao Yu. „Seeing the lights for leafy greens in indoor vertical farming“. Trends in Food Science & Technology 106 (Dezember 2020): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.031.
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Niu, G., und J. Masabni. „Roles of indoor vertical farming in sustainable production of horticultural crops“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 1305 (Februar 2021): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1305.48.
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Avgoustaki, Dafni Despoina, und George Xydis. „Indoor Vertical Farming in the Urban Nexus Context: Business Growth and Resource Savings“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 5 (04.03.2020): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051965.
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In recent years, a new urban environment in the large metropolitan areas, the so-called “megacities”, has emerged. It is estimated that more than five billion people will be located in urban areas by 2030. Many projects have been initiated in the megacities to support the new ecosystem services in providing the most sustainable and efficient food supply solutions, as well as for transporting fresh and clean vegetables. One of the most important focus areas is research on energy sustainability, including how to optimize energy efficiency to meet the needs of citizens and companies. Indoor urban vertical farming (IUVF) is one of the greatest achievements of our time in agriculture, as it is entirely focused on meeting the food needs of people living in urban areas with the lowest environmental and energy costs. IUVF creates a new foundation in the urban food production system, providing opportunities for many other sustainable activities, such as energy and grey water recycling, but beyond all, it helps citizens to have access in fresh and nutritious fruits and vegetables and to become more creative building up their skills regarding sustainable food production. In this study, the internal rate of return (IRR) and the net present value (NPV) indexes were used to compare IUVF and greenhouse (GH) facilities under various financing schemes. Consistent with similar studies, this research also confirms that IUVF is much more profitable for investors, saving significant resources compared to GHs.
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Gnauer, Clemens, Harald Pichler, Markus Tauber, Christoph Schmittner, Korbinian Christl, Johannes Knapitsch und Martin Parapatits. „Towards a secure and self-adapting smart indoor farming framework“. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 136, Nr. 7 (21.10.2019): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-019-00745-0.
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Abstract Facing the increase in world population and the stagnation in available arable land there is a high demand for optimizing the food production. Considering the world-wide and ongoing reduction of the agricultural labor force novel approaches for food production are required. Vertical farming may be such a solution where plants are being produced indoors in racks, cared by robotic appliances which will be operated by specialized software. Given the multitude of parameters which determine the ideal condition, a lot of data needs to be acquired. As this data is used to adapt the entire Cyber-Physical System to a changing environment the data has to be secure and adaptations have to consider safety aspects as well. Such systems must hence be secure, safe, scalable and self-adaptable to a high degree. We present an important element for such solutions, a cloud, IoT and robotic based smart farming framework.
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Wittmann, Sabine, Ivonne Jüttner und Heike Mempel. „Indoor Farming Marjoram Production—Quality, Resource Efficiency, and Potential of Application“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 11 (12.11.2020): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111769.
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Indoor vertical farming offers great opportunities regarding a sustainable and consistent production of high-quality herbs and raw materials all year round for the perfume, chemical, or food industry. Cultivation takes place in an enclosed structure, operating predominantly independent from external conditions in multi-layer systems equipped with artificial lighting, enabling extremely high resource use efficiencies with a simultaneous increase in yield. On the other hand, field production in terms of plant quality and harvesting times is highly influenced by environmental conditions, making it difficult to maintain homogenous raw material qualities throughout the year. To show how different light qualities affect the overall efficiency and quality of Origanum majorana grown in an indoor farm, the resource consumption, yield, and cultivation time as well as the essential oil quantity was analyzed, and the efficiencies in terms of energy and land use efficiency calculated. The experimental setup clearly demonstrated that the yield regarding fresh as well as dry matter and oil content was comparable to one square meter of open field production. Based on this, the multi-layer system and the noticeable lowered growth period result in a significantly higher area efficiency compared to the open field, leading to a potential increase of annual yields of dried leave weight and oil contents by up to 21 times. It was also shown that a white spectrum (W) showed similar influence on plant growth and yield as a spectrum consisting of blue and red (B/R). Nevertheless, the LED treatment W did show higher light use efficiencies as well as a better working conditions inside the cultivation chamber. By an integration of indoor vertical farming into existing industrial processes, new and innovative opportunities for a flexible and low-risk supply chain seem feasible and according to German food industry meet the interests of existing stakeholders.
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Harris, Zoe M., und Yiannis Kountouris. „Vertical Farming as a Game Changer for BECCS Technology Deployment“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 19 (05.10.2020): 8193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198193.
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report that to limit warming to 1.5 °C, Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is required. Integrated assessment models (IAMS) predict that a land area between the size of Argentina and Australia is required for bioenergy crops, a 3–7 time increase in the current bioenergy planting area globally. The authors pose the question of whether vertical farming (VF) technology can enable BECCS deployment, either via land sparing or supply. VF involves indoor controlled environment cultivation, and can increase productivity per unit land area by 5–10 times. VF is predominantly being used to grow small, high value leafy greens with rapid growth cycles. Capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and sustainability are challenges in current VF industries, and will affect the ability to utilise this technology for other crops. The authors argue that, whilst challenging, VF could help reach wider climate goals. Application of VF for bioenergy crops could be a game changer in delivering BECCS technologies and may reduce the land footprint required as well as the subsequent associated negative environmental impacts. VF bioenergy could allow us to cultivate the future demand for bioenergy for BECCS on the same, or less, land area than is currently used globally.
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Niu, Genhua, und Joseph Masabni. „Plant Production in Controlled Environments“. Horticulturae 4, Nr. 4 (21.09.2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040028.
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Crop production in open fields is increasingly limited by weather extremes and water shortages, in addition to pests and soil-borne diseases. In order to increase crop yield, quality, and productivity, controlled environment agriculture (CEA) can play an important role as an alternative and supplemental production system to conventional open field production. CEA is any agricultural technology that enables growers to manipulate the growing environment for improved yield and quality. CEA production systems include high tunnels, greenhouses, and indoor vertical farming, as well as hydroponics and aquaponics. Currently, ‘low-tech’ CEA techniques such as high tunnels (plastic greenhouses with minimum or no cooling and heating) are primarily utilized in developing countries where labor costs are relatively low, and China has by far the largest area covered by high tunnels or ‘Chinese-style’ solar greenhouses. The most control-intensive ‘high-tech’ CEA approach, namely indoor vertical farming, has gained tremendous attention in the past decade by researchers and entrepreneurs around the world, owing to advancements in lighting technology, including use of light emitting diodes (LEDs), and increasing urbanization with new market opportunities. This special issue covers some of the CEA topics such as LED lighting, substrate, and hydroponics.
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Franchetti, Benjamin, Valsamis Ntouskos, Pierluigi Giuliani, Tiara Herman, Luke Barnes und Fiora Pirri. „Vision Based Modeling of Plants Phenotyping in Vertical Farming under Artificial Lighting“. Sensors 19, Nr. 20 (10.10.2019): 4378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204378.
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In this paper, we present a novel method for vision based plants phenotyping in indoor vertical farming under artificial lighting. The method combines 3D plants modeling and deep segmentation of the higher leaves, during a period of 25–30 days, related to their growth. The novelty of our approach is in providing 3D reconstruction, leaf segmentation, geometric surface modeling, and deep network estimation for weight prediction to effectively measure plant growth, under three relevant phenotype features: height, weight and leaf area. Together with the vision based measurements, to verify the soundness of our proposed method, we also harvested the plants at specific time periods to take manual measurements, collecting a great amount of data. In particular, we manually collected 2592 data points related to the plant phenotype and 1728 images of the plants. This allowed us to show with a good number of experiments that the vision based methods ensure a quite accurate prediction of the considered features, providing a way to predict plant behavior, under specific conditions, without any need to resort to human measurements.
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Moniruzzaman, M., K. K. Saha, M. M. Rahman und M. M. H. Oliver. „Effect of available solar irradiance on vertical farming in semi-open urban places“. Journal of Science Technology and Environment Informatics 10, Nr. 2 (30.11.2020): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.100220.72.
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Building a vertical farm in unused residential and commercial spaces is a challenge. It is particularly hard to decide upon a space where varying degrees of lighting conditions may prevail at different times of a day. This experiment was focused on how innovative micro-irrigation technology could be coupled with vertical farms. In this regard, three storied racks were designed to accommodate multiple one-feet-square tubs large enough to hold five Indian spinach (BARI Puishak- 2) plants at a time. Sandy loam soil was used for farming along with recommended doses of fertilizers. Different lighting conditions (2- 145 W/m2 average solar irradiance) were employed on the fifth floor of an urban building. Drip emitters were coupled in the system for irrigation. The management allowed deficit was kept to a maximum of 50% of the readily available moisture below the field capacity. The results suggested that drip irrigation systems provide higher water productivity (up to 31.82 kg/m3) compared to the in-field conditions when BARI Puishak-2 is grown in vertical farming. Water productivity of spinach was improved by optimized set-up of a drip irrigation system. The study also concluded that vertical farming is only suitable for indoor places where plenty of direct sunlight or diffused sunlight (not below 70 W/m2) is available. The economic analysis suggests that vertical farms under direct sunlight can be made profitable (BCR>1) in the long run.
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Dou, Haijie, Genhua Niu, Mengmeng Gu und Joseph G. Masabni. „Responses of Sweet Basil to Different Daily Light Integrals in Photosynthesis, Morphology, Yield, and Nutritional Quality“. HortScience 53, Nr. 4 (April 2018): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12785-17.
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Consumption of basil (Ocimum basilicum) has been increasing worldwide in recent years because of its unique aromatic flavor and relatively high concentration of phenolics. To achieve a stable and reliable supply of basil, more growers are turning to indoor controlled-environment production with artificial lighting due to its high environmental controllability and sustainability. However, electricity cost for lighting is a major limiting factor to the commercial application of indoor vertical farming, and little information is available on the minimum light requirement to produce uniform and high-quality sweet basil. To determine the optimal daily light integral (DLI) for sweet basil production in indoor vertical farming, this study investigated the effects of five DLIs, namely, 9.3, 11.5, 12.9, 16.5, and 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 on basil growth and quality. ‘Improved Genovese Compact’ sweet basil was treated with five DLIs provided by white fluorescent lamps (FLs) for 21 d after germination, and gas exchange rate, growth, yield, and nutritional quality of basil plants were measured to evaluate the effects of the different DLIs on basil growth and quality. Results indicated that basil plants grown under higher DLIs of 12.9, 16.5, or 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 had higher net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance (gS), compared with those under lower DLIs of 9.3 and 11.5 mol·m−2·d−1. High DLIs resulted in lower chlorophyll (Chl) a+b concentration per leaf fresh weight (FW), higher Chl a/b ratios, and larger and thicker leaves of basil plants. The shoot FW under DLIs of 12.9, 16.5, and 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 was 54.2%, 78.6%, and 77.9%, respectively, higher than that at a DLI of 9.3 mol·m−2·d−1. In addition, higher DLIs led to higher soluble sugar percent and dry matter percent than lower DLIs. The amounts of total anthocyanin, phenolics, and flavonoids per plant of sweet basil were also positively correlated to DLIs, and antioxidant capacity at a DLI of 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 was 73% higher than that at a DLI of 9.3 mol·m−2·d−1. Combining the results of growth, yield, and nutritional quality of sweet basil, we suggest a DLI of 12.9 mol·m−2·d−1 for sweet basil commercial production in indoor vertical farming to minimize the energy cost while maintaining a high yield and nutritional quality.
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Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H., Amith Khandakar, Saba Ahmed, Fatima Al-Khuzaei, Jalaa Hamdalla, Fahmida Haque, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz, Ahmed Al Shafei und Nasser Al-Emadi. „Design, Construction and Testing of IoT Based Automated Indoor Vertical Hydroponics Farming Test-Bed in Qatar“. Sensors 20, Nr. 19 (02.10.2020): 5637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195637.
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Growing plants in the gulf region can be challenging as it is mostly desert, and the climate is dry. A few species of plants have the capability to grow in such a climate. However, those plants are not suitable as a food source. The aim of this work is to design and construct an indoor automatic vertical hydroponic system that does not depend on the outside climate. The designed system is capable to grow common type of crops that can be used as a food source inside homes without the need of large space. The design of the system was made after studying different types of vertical hydroponic systems in terms of price, power consumption and suitability to be built as an indoor automated system. A microcontroller was working as a brain of the system, which communicates with different types of sensors to control all the system parameters and to minimize the human intervention. An open internet of things (IoT) platform was used to store and display the system parameters and graphical interface for remote access. The designed system is capable of maintaining healthy growing parameters for the plants with minimal input from the user. The functionality of the overall system was confirmed by evaluating the response from individual system components and monitoring them in the IoT platform. The system was consuming 120.59 and 230.59 kWh respectively without and with air conditioning control during peak summer, which is equivalent to the system running cost of 13.26 and 25.36 Qatari Riyal (QAR) respectively. This system was circulating around 104 k gallons of nutrient solution monthly however, only 8–10 L water was consumed by the system. This system offers real-time notifications to alert the hydroponic system user when the conditions are not favorable. So, the user can monitor several parameters without using laboratory instruments, which will allow to control the entire system remotely. Moreover, the system also provides a wide range of information, which could be essential for plant researchers and provides a greater understanding of how the key parameters of hydroponic system correlate with plant growth. The proposed platform can be used both for quantitatively optimizing the setup of the indoor farming and for automating some of the most labor-intensive maintenance activities. Moreover, such a monitoring system can also potentially be used for high-level decision making, once enough data will be collected. This work presents significant opportunities for the people who live in the gulf region to produce food as per their requirements.
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Nicola, S., A. Ertani, L. Celi, E. Padoan, M. Martin, R. Bulgari, A. Petrini, F. Lenzi, A. Scova und V. Tumiatti. „BioEnPro4TO: advanced indoor and vertical farm models in circular economy, innovative solutions for sustainable urban farming“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 1321 (September 2021): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2021.1321.30.
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Storck, Böttjer, Vahle, Brockhagen, Grothe, Dietz, Rattenholl, Gudermann und Ehrmann. „Seed Germination and Seedling Growth on Knitted Fabrics as New Substrates for Hydroponic Systems“. Horticulturae 5, Nr. 4 (23.10.2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040073.
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Vertical farming is one of the suggested avenues for producing food for the growing world population. Concentrating the cultivation of crops such as herbs in large indoor farms makes food production susceptible to technical, biological or other problems that might destroy large amounts of food at once. Thus, there is a trend towards locally, self-sufficient food production in vertical systems on a small scale. Our study examined whether conventional knitted fabrics, such as patches of worn jackets, can be used for hydroponics instead of the specialized nonwoven materials used in large-scale indoor systems. To this end, seed germination and seedling growth of 14 different crop plant species on knitted fabrics with three different stitch sizes were compared. Our results showed that hydroponic culture on knitted fabrics are indeed possible and allow for growing a broad spectrum of plant species, suggesting recycling of old textile fabrics for this purpose. Among the 14 plant species studied, differences in germination success, average fresh and dry masses, as well as water contents were found, but these parameters were not affected by knitted fabric stitch size.
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Wang, Jamie. „The Sprouting Farms: You Are What You Grow“. Humanities 10, Nr. 1 (03.02.2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10010027.
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In 2017, the Singaporean government unveiled the Farm Transformation Map, a highly technology-driven initiative that intends to change its current, near-total dependence on imported food. The plan focuses on the prospect of high-productivity farming—in particular, integrated vertical, indoor, and intensive urban farming—as a possible solution to geopolitical uncertainty, intense urbanisation, and environmental degradation. What to farm (or not) and how to farm has long mediated social, cultural, political, and environmental relations. Following the stories of a few small- to medium-scale urban farms, including rooftop gardens, community farms, and organic farms, in this future-oriented city polis, this article explores the rise of urban farming through the politics of localism and the notion of care. How has localism, in some contexts, been reduced to a narrow sense of geographic location? What is being cared for in and through farming in urban locales? How might this type of farming transform and shape bio-cultural, social-technological relations within humans, and between humans and non-humans? More importantly, this article explores how urban agriculture might forge a kind of thick localism rooted in situated care as it carries out social missions, experimenting with and subverting the dominant imaginary of industrial farming.
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Broad, Garrett M. „Know Your Indoor Farmer: Square Roots, Techno-Local Food, and Transparency as Publicity“. American Behavioral Scientist 64, Nr. 11 (26.07.2020): 1588–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220945349.
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Advocates of indoor vertical farming have pitched the enterprise as key to the future of food, an opportunity to use technological innovation to increase local food production, bolster urban sustainability, and create a world in which there is “real food” for everyone. At the same time, critics have raised concerns about the costs, energy usage, social impacts, and overall agricultural viability of these efforts, with some insisting that existing low-tech and community-based solutions of the “good food movement” offer a better path forward. Drawing from a mix of participant observation and other qualitative methods, this article examines the work of Square Roots, a Brooklyn-based indoor vertical farming company cofounded by entrepreneur Kimbal Musk and technology CEO Tobias Peggs. In an effort to create a market for what I refer to as “techno-local food,” Square Roots pitches its products as simultaneously “real” and technologically optimized. As a way to build trust in these novel products and better connect consumers with producers, Square Roots leans on transparency as a publicity tool. The company’s Transparency Timeline, for instance, uses photos and a narrative account of a product’s life-cycle to tell its story “from seed-to-store,” allowing potential customers to “know their farmer.” The information Square Roots shares, however, offers a narrow peek into its operations, limiting the view of operational dynamics that could help determine whether the company is actually living up to its promise. The research provides a clear case study of an organization using transparency–publicity as market strategy, illustrating the positive possibilities that such an approach can bring to consumer engagement, while also demonstrating how the tactic can distract from a company’s stated social responsibility goals.
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Yoganandham, Dr G. „Technological Transformation And Progress Of Agricultural Development In Gudiyattam Taluk – An Assessment“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 6 (11.04.2021): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2376.
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The present day farming habitually employ trendy know-how such as automation, warmth and moisture sensors, aerial images, and GPS know-how. These highly developed devices and accuracy farming and mechanical structure permit business to be more money-making, competent, safer, and extra environmentally gracious. Contemporary farming knowledge is used to develop the wide types of production learn working by farmers. It is the basis of technological transformation. Advocating technology transfer should believe the various kinds of social capital as a choice policy alternative to the existing top down move towards in order to get better smallholder source of revenue. The key technological know-how modernization in the breathing space encompass paying attention about the areas such as indoor vertical farming, automation and robotics, livestock technology, modern greenhouse practices, precision agriculture and artificial intelligence, and block chain.
Contemporary agricultural practices use mechanized tools for irrigation, tilling and harvesting beside with hybrid seeds. In India, the cultivation know-how are labour intensive, whereas the contemporary agriculture equipment are mostly capital intensive. In this background, the researcher mainly concentrates on Technological Transformation and Progress of Agricultural Development in Gudiyattam Taluk of Vellore of Tamil Nadu in analytical perspectives.
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Shao, Yiming, Jiaqiang Li, Zhiwei Zhou, Zhenyu Hu, Fan Zhang, Yuanlong Cui und Haojing Chen. „The effects of vertical farming on indoor carbon dioxide concentration and fresh air energy consumption in office buildings“. Building and Environment 195 (Mai 2021): 107766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107766.
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Jurga, Anna, Anna Pacak, Demis Pandelidis und Bartosz Kaźmierczak. „A Long-Term Analysis of the Possibility of Water Recovery for Hydroponic Lettuce Irrigation in an Indoor Vertical Farm. Part 2: Rainwater Harvesting“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 1 (30.12.2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010310.
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The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of a rainwater harvesting system to cover the water demand for indoor hydroponic lettuce cultivation located in Wrocław (Poland). The analysis was performed on the basis of the recorded rainfall in Wrocław in 2000–2019. The analyzed cultivation is located in a hall with an area of 300 m2, where the lettuce is grown vertically by the hydroponic method. The calculations of the rainwater harvesting (RWH) system were carried out considering the selection of the tank capacity for the collected water. The operation of the water storage is simulated using a yield after spillage (YAS) algorithm. It was evident that the proposed system might be an auxiliary system that relieves the water supply network or supports other water recovery systems (e.g., the water vapor condensation in a cross-flow heat exchanger operating as an element of the air conditioning system, proposed in Part 1 of this study). The harvesting system for the selected vertical farming indoor hall covers an average of 35.9% of water needs and allows a saving of 146,510 L of water annually for the cultivation. An average water demand coverage increases up to 90.4%, which allows a saving of 340,300 L per year when the RWH system is combined with water recovery from exhaust air from the hall.
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Yano, Yuki, Tetsuya Nakamura, Satoshi Ishitsuka und Atsushi Maruyama. „Consumer Attitudes toward Vertically Farmed Produce in Russia: A Study Using Ordered Logit and Co-Occurrence Network Analysis“. Foods 10, Nr. 3 (17.03.2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030638.
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Vertical indoor farming under artificial lighting has gained attention as a novel means of food production. However, consumer acceptance of vegetable crops grown under artificial conditions is not well understood. Our nationwide online survey of 289 Russians gathered attitudes and opinions toward vertically farmed vegetables. Employing an ordered logit model and a two-mode co-occurrence network analysis, we show how respondents’ attitudes relate to their key demographic characteristics and opinions about the vegetables. Results indicate that respondents’ attitudes are heterogeneous and related to their region of residence, income level, and opinions regarding nutrients, safety, and taste. Respondents in the Central and Volga districts exhibited less favorable attitudes. Less favorably inclined respondents viewed the produce as unnatural, less nutritious, bad-tasting, and even dangerous, presumably because of misconceptions or lack of knowledge. On the other hand, respondents with monthly income above RUB 60,001 (1018 USD, 867 EURO) had relatively positive attitudes toward such vegetables. Respondents having positive attitudes saw the vegetables as safe, tasty, and of good quality. We discuss the political and commercial implications of these findings.
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Avgoustaki. „Optimization of Photoperiod and Quality Assessment of Basil Plants Grown in a Small-Scale Indoor Cultivation System for Reduction of Energy Demand“. Energies 12, Nr. 20 (19.10.2019): 3980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203980.
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Vertical farming is a novel type of food production in indoor environments with artificial lighting and controlled cultivation conditions. In this context, sustainability in small-scale indoor cultivation systems is crucial. Sustainability can be achieved by optimizing all the cultivation factors involved in the production process. The effects of different photoperiod conditions under different timing during plant development—from sowing to germination and maturity—have been studied in a small-scale indoor cultivation area. The main objective of this research was to investigate the possibilities of an optimized photoperiod for basil plants to reduce the energy demand cost of the cultivation unit. Three different photoperiod treatments (P8D16L, P10D14L, and P11D13L) were applied to basil plants with stable light intensity. Furthermore, the photoperiod was shortened to test the reaction of the biomass from the plants in a reduced energy demand system. The dry biomass produced was measured along with the energy consumed in each treatment. The basil quality was assessed by measuring different physiological indices, such as chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (Chl tot), the fraction of photosynthetically active irradiance absorbed by the leaf, and leaf temperature. The results of the study showed that a shorter photoperiod did not negatively affect the quantity and quality of the basil plants. Continuously, the evaluation of the energy demand variation under the different photoperiod treatments can provide a significant positive impact on the energetic, ecological, and economic aspects of small-scale food production.
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Dou, Haijie, Genhua Niu, Mengmeng Gu und Joseph Masabni. „Morphological and Physiological Responses in Basil and Brassica Species to Different Proportions of Red, Blue, and Green Wavelengths in Indoor Vertical Farming“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 145, Nr. 4 (Juli 2020): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04927-20.
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Understanding the responses of plant growth and secondary metabolite synthesis to different light wavelengths is important for optimizing lighting conditions for vegetable production in indoor vertical farms. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) ‘Improved Genovese Compact’ (green leaf) and ‘Red Rubin’ (purple leaf), green mustard ‘Amara’ (Brassica carinata), red mustard ‘Red Giant’ (Brassica juncea), green kale ‘Siberian’ (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and red kale ‘Scarlet’ (Brassica oleracea), which are high-value and multifunctional culinary herbs and leafy greens, were used to characterize the effects of red (R), blue (B), and green (G) wavelengths on plant photosynthesis, morphology, biomass production, and secondary metabolites accumulation. Light quality treatments consisted of three R and B light combinations, R88B12 (the proportions of R and B wavelengths were 88% and 12%, respectively), R76B24, and R51B49, and two white light combinations, R44B12G44 (the proportions of R, B, and G wavelengths were 44%, 12%, and 44%, respectively) and R35B24G41. Experiments were conducted in a walk-in growth room with a photosynthetic photon flux density set at 224 μmol·m−2·s−1 and a 16-hour photoperiod. Results indicated that the net photosynthesis in purple basil and green kale were positively correlated with B proportions (BP), and that higher BP increased the relative chlorophyll concentration in purple basil and red kale. In contrast, higher BP suppressed stem elongation and leaf expansion and reduced shoot biomass in all tested species except red mustard. Higher BP increased phytochemical concentrations but decreased the total amounts of phytochemicals per plant. For all basil and brassica (Brassica sp.) cultivars, the inclusion of G wavelengths decreased shoot biomass compared with that of plants grown under R and B light combinations with similar BP. Inclusion of G wavelengths stimulated stem elongation in green basil and green mustard under 12% BP; whereas it suppressed stem elongation in purple basil, green kale, red kale, and green mustard under 24% BP. The effects on phytochemical accumulation were species-specific for the inclusion of G wavelengths. Considering biomass production, nutritional values, and working environment for growers, a white light with lower BP and G proportions is recommended for culinary herbs and Brassica leafy greens production at vertical farms.
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Moon, Ki-Beom, Ji-Sun Park, Youn-Il Park, In-Ja Song, Hyo-Jun Lee, Hye Sun Cho, Jae-Heung Jeon und Hyun-Soon Kim. „Development of Systems for the Production of Plant-Derived Biopharmaceuticals“. Plants 9, Nr. 1 (24.12.2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010030.
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Over the last several decades, plants have been developed as a platform for the production of useful recombinant proteins due to a number of advantages, including rapid production and scalability, the ability to produce unique glycoforms, and the intrinsic safety of food crops. The expression methods used to produce target proteins are divided into stable and transient systems depending on applications that use whole plants or minimally processed forms. In the early stages of research, stable expression systems were mostly used; however, in recent years, transient expression systems have been preferred. The production of the plant itself, which produces recombinant proteins, is currently divided into two major approaches, open-field cultivation and closed-indoor systems. The latter encompasses such regimes as greenhouses, vertical farming units, cell bioreactors, and hydroponic systems. Various aspects of each system will be discussed in this review, which focuses mainly on practical examples and commercially feasible approaches.
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Specht, Kathrin, Felix Zoll, Henrike Schümann, Julia Bela, Julia Kachel und Marcel Robischon. „How Will We Eat and Produce in the Cities of the Future? From Edible Insects to Vertical Farming—A Study on the Perception and Acceptability of New Approaches“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 16 (09.08.2019): 4315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164315.
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Global challenges such as climate change, increasing urbanization and a lack of transparency of food chains, have led to the development of innovative urban food production approaches, such as rooftop greenhouses, vertical farms, indoor farms, aquaponics as well as production sites for edible insects or micro-algae. Those approaches are still at an early stage of development and partly unknown among the public. The aim of our study was to identify the perception of sustainability, social acceptability and ethical aspects of these new approaches and products in urban food production. We conducted 19 qualitative expert interviews and applied qualitative content analysis. Our results revealed that major perceived benefits are educational effects, revaluation of city districts, efficient resource use, exploitation of new protein sources or strengthening of local economies. Major perceived conflicts concern negative side-effects, legal constraints or high investment costs. The extracted acceptance factors deal significantly with the “unknown”. A lack of understanding of the new approaches, uncertainty about their benefits, concerns about health risks, a lack of familiarity with the food products, and ethical doubts about animal welfare represent possible barriers. We conclude that adaptation of the unsuitable regulatory framework, which discourages investors, is an important first step to foster dissemination of the urban food production approaches.
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Skar, S. L. G., R. Pineda-Martos, A. Timpe, B. Pölling, K. Bohn, M. Külvik, C. Delgado et al. „Urban agriculture as a keystone contribution towards securing sustainable and healthy development for cities in the future“. Blue-Green Systems 2, Nr. 1 (02.12.2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2019.931.
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Abstract Research and practice during the last 20 years has shown that urban agriculture can contribute to minimising the effects of climate change by, at the same time, improving quality of life in urban areas. In order to do so most effectively, land use and spatial planning are crucial so as to obtain and maintain a supportive green infrastructure and to secure citizens' healthy living conditions. As people today trend more towards living in green and sustainable city centres that can offer fresh and locally produced food, cities become again places for growing food. The scope of urban agriculture thereby is to establish food production sites within the city's sphere; for example, through building-integrated agriculture including concepts such as aquaponics, indoor agriculture, vertical farming, rooftop production, edible walls, as well as through urban farms, edible landscapes, school gardens and community gardens. Embedded in changing urban food systems, the contribution of urban agriculture to creating sustainable and climate-friendly cities is pivotal as it has the capacity to integrate other resource streams such as water, waste and energy. This article describes some of the current aspects of the circular city debate where urban agriculture is pushing forward the development of material and resource cycling in cities.
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Utama, Albert, und Sutarki Sutisna. „SISTEM HUNIAN MASA DEPAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI UNTUK KEBUTUHAN MANUSIA“. Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, Nr. 1 (30.05.2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i1.10800.
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The Living Bot is a project where future residential buildings will adapt to the times. In the coming year, the human population will continue to grow, so that it will use the land as a place for various needs such as shelter, activities, and other things. Along with this increase in human population, the land will also shrink while the land itself is needed so that humans can meet their food needs either from farming (plants), or through livestock (animal). Therefore, The Living Bot created a system in which human implementation begins to adapt to the life in which they live by implementing a residential system that can produce their own food with plantings that maximize vertical land. This form of shelter can be used as a system so that its application can be carried out. Adaptations that are carried out are by changing the lifestyle of humans to the use of technology. The lifestyle that must adapt is by farming, assisted by A.I. technology. because humans in urban areas do not have a background in growing a food crop. Therefore technology is present in helping urban communities, also assisted by modern planting methods such as using hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics, and indoor planting techniques assisted by artificial light such as LEDs. Keywords: Adaptation; Techonology Abstrak The Living Bot merupakan sebuah proyek dimana bangunan hunian pada masa depan akan beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman. Pada tahun yang akan datang, populasi manusia akan terus bertambah, sehingga akan menggunakan lahan sebagai tempat untuk berbagai macam kebutuhan seperti tempat tinggal, aktivitas, dan hal lainnya. Seiring dengan pertambahan populasi manusia ini, lahan juga akan semakin menyempit sedangkan lahan sendiri diperlukan agar manusia dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangannya baik dari hasil bertani (tumbuh-tumbuhan), ataupun melalui peternakan (hewani). Maka dari itu The Living Bot membuat suatu sistem yaitu dimana implementasi manusia mulai beradaptasi dengan kehidupan tempat tinggalnya dengan menerapkan sistem hunian yang dapat menghasilkan makanannya sendiri dengan penanaman-penanaman yang memaksimalkan lahan secara vertikal.Bentuk hunian seperti ini dapat dijadikan sebuah sistem sehingga penerapannya dapat dilakukan di berbagai hunian Adaptasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengubah gaya hidup manusia sampai kepada pengunaan teknologi. Adapun gaya hidup yang harus beradaptasi adalah dengan bercocok tanam, dengan dibantu oleh teknologi A.I. karena manusia yang ada di perkotaan tidak memiliki latar belakang dalam menanam sebuah tanaman pangan. Maka dari itu teknologi hadir dalam membantu masyarakat kota, juga dibantu oleh metode menanam yang modern seperti menggunakan hidroponik, akuaponik, aeroponik, dan teknik penanaman indoor yang dibantu oleh cahaya buatan seperti LED.
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Setka, Alivia, Rami Najjar, Maureen Meister und Rafaela Feresin. „Evaluation of Phytochemical Content As Well As Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Oven- and Freeze-Dried Hydroponic- and Soil-Grown Kale-Derived Extracts“. Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (Juni 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab037_079.
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Abstract Objectives Hydroponic farming is a sustainable alternative to traditional soil farming. Kale is a powerhouse food rich in nutrients, polyphenols and glucosinolates. Dehydration of kale leaves for extract preparation can be done by freeze- or oven-drying. These methods can significantly affect the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of plant food extracts. Thus, we aimed to compare the polyphenolic and glucosinolate content and the antioxidant capacity of hydroponic- vs soil-grown and oven- vs freeze-dried kale extracts. Methods Hydroponic kale was grown in an indoor vertical hydroponic farm while soil kale was purchased from a local grocery store. Kale was then freeze- or oven-dried prior to ethanolic extraction (80%) assisted by an ultrasonic bath followed by purification with chloroform. Total polyphenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and glucosinolate content (TGC) of kale extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, and palladium(II) chloride, respectively. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and free radical scavenging power (FRAP) were used to measure antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure radical scavenging capacity of kale extracts. Results Oven-dried soil-grown kale extract had significantly higher TPC and TGC than freeze-dried soil-grown as well as hydroponic-grown oven- and freeze-dried kale extracts. Soil-grown kale had higher TFC than hydroponic kale extracts; however, the TFC was not significantly different between freeze- and oven-dried kale extracts for soil- or hydroponic-grown kale extracts. Oven-dried soil-grown kale extract had the highest TEAC, which was significantly different than all the other extracts. FRAP and DPPH was significantly higher in freeze-dried soil-grown kale-derived extracts compared to all the other extracts. Conclusions Results indicate that soil-grown kale extracts had the highest TPC, TGC, and antioxidant capacity. In addition, oven-drying led to greater TFC, TGC in kale extracts than freeze-drying while freeze-drying led higher amounts of TPC compared to oven-drying. Further, freeze-dried kale extracts had higher antioxidant capacity than oven-dried. Thus, further studies are needed to examine and compare the antioxidant effects of these forms of kale extract in vivo. Funding Sources Georgia State University Honors College.
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Meier, Linda, Johanna Raps und Philip Leistner. „Insect Habitat Systems Integrated into Façades-Impact on Building Physics and Awareness of Society“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 2 (11.01.2020): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020570.
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Deforestation, intensive farming and the sealing of green spaces are considered to be the main reasons for the global decrease of biodiversity. In this context, the built environment, and in particular vertical surfaces, are still highly underestimated and need to be taken into account. Although it is acknowledged that greened surfaces have beneficial effects, for example, on the microclimate, the vast majority of buildings are still not biodiversity-friendly. Artificial nesting boxes help birds and bats adapt to the change of their habitats. However, insects, with their tremendous significance for insectivorous species and for humans, are mostly neglected or even threatened. The purpose of this holistic approach is to investigate interactions between integrated insect habitat systems in façades and building physical aspects to create test objects. Heat transfer coefficients, thermal bridges, and the risk of condensation inside the buildings were simulated in different arrangements of nesting boxes for wild bees. As a result, conclusions on heat and humidity protection in ventilated façades and external thermal insulation composite systems could be drawn. The following results showed the maintenance of indoor comfort and energy efficiency as well as a low risk of mold. Further investigations analyzed the sound reduction index and fire protection. From a building physical point of view, integrated insect habitat systems could be part of the constructed environment and even link inner-city biotopes. Further challenges and opportunities are identified rather at a socio-ecological and technical level. Without taking into account the civil society and ecological demands of the various species, habitat systems for insects will miss their objectives. Special focus will be put on the skepticism and lack of knowledge of people, as well as on the comfort of the insects.
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Solikah, Umi Nur, Tri Rahayu und Tria Rosana Dewi. „OPTIMALISASI URBAN FARMING DENGAN VERTIKULTUR SAYURAN“. WASANA NYATA 3, Nr. 2 (28.02.2020): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36587/wasananyata.v3i2.529.
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Vertikultur adalah sistem budidaya pertanian yang dilakukan secara vertikal atau bertingkat, baik indoor maupun outdoor. Sistem budidaya pertanian secara vertikal atau bertingkat ini merupakan konsep bercocok tanam yang cocok untuk daerah perkotaan dengan lahan terbatas. Pertanian vertikultur tidak hanya sebagai sumber pangan tetapi juga menciptakan suasana alami yang menyenangkan Pada umumnya perumahan masyarakat di Kelurahan Bumi Kecamatan Laweyan Kota Surakarta memiliki lahan pekarangan yang sempit, sehingga pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan lingkungan dapat dioptimalkan dengan penanaman tanaman secara vertikultur. Metode pelaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah melaksanakan penyuluhan tentang vertikultur Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat optimalisasi urban farming dengan vertikultur sayuran adalah: a. Persiapan, merupakan langkah awal untuk memulai kegiatan, persiapan yang dilakukan meliputi: (a) koordinasi dengan pihak Kelurahan Bumi tempat dilaksanakan pengabdian (memasukan surat ijin pengabdian), (b) persiapan yang ke dua melakukan kesepakatan penentuan peserta dan waktu pengabdian/ pelatihan. b. Pelaksanaan, untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu ibu pembinaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) untuk mengoptimalkan lahan sempit di pekarangan rumah. Dilakukan penyuluhan teknologi vertikultur diberikan penjelasan tentang pengertian, keuntungan, model, alat dan bahan yang dapat digunakan serta tata cara penerapan teknologi vertikultur.
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Hosseini, Hadis, Vahid Mozafari, Hamid Reza Roosta, Hossein Shirani, Paulien C. H. van de Vlasakker und Mohsen Farhangi. „Nutrient Use in Vertical Farming: Optimal Electrical Conductivity of Nutrient Solution for Growth of Lettuce and Basil in Hydroponic Cultivation“. Horticulturae 7, Nr. 9 (03.09.2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090283.
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During the past few decades, vertical farming has attracted a lot of interest as an alternative food production method. Vertical farms use engineered growth environments and hydroponic cultivation techniques for growing plants indoors. One of the important factors in vertical farming for the cultivation of different plants is the amount of nutrients, which can be measured as electrical conductivity (EC). Studying the optimal EC is important for avoiding nutrient loss and deficiency in vertical farms. In this study, we investigated the effect of five EC levels (2, 1.2, 0.9, 0.7, and 0.5 dS m−1) of Hoagland nutrient solution on the growth and development of basil cultivar ‘Emily’ and lettuce cultivar ‘Batavia-Caipira’. During the study, the environmental parameters were kept fixed using an automatic dosing machine. The experiment was done in automatic vertical farms using the hydroponic ebb–flow cultivation technique with a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 50–60%, CO2 concentration of 450 ppm, pH = 6, the PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) of 215 ± 5.5 μmol m−2 s−1, and the photoperiod of 16:8 h (day/night). Each treatment was replicated four times. We studied the effects on several growth parameters (including the dry and fresh weight of leaves and roots, number of leaves, and leaf area) as well as the chlorophyll and nitrogen concentration of the leaves. According to the results, the basil and lettuce growth parameters among the five treatments have been significantly higher in the treatment with EC of 1.2 and 0.9 dS m−1. These EC values are lower than the recommended EC value given as the optimum in the previous studies. However, the concentration of chlorophyll and nitrogen show different trends and were higher in full strength of nutrient solution with EC = 2 dS m−1.
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Harry, Hutchinson. „Taking Engineering's Pulse“. Mechanical Engineering 130, Nr. 06 (01.06.2008): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2008-jun-3.
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This article highlights key points of the Mechanical Engineering Global Summit. According to the participants, much of the future for mechanical engineers will involve integrating systems of all kinds. Throughout the discussions at the meeting, numerous comments concerned the increasingly interdisciplinary nature of engineering practice. Experts believe that vertical farms, for instance, could use hydroponics and other means to take farming indoors, where it could be carried out in multitiered structures. If technology like this could be made practical, it could multiply the area available for agriculture. A multibillion-dollar experiment in sustainable living has been proposed for the United Arab Emirates. The initiative hopes to create a high-tech city that will have zero emissions and be entirely self-sustaining. One of the proposals is to restructure engineering education and to prepare engineers the way lawyers and doctors are trained: a four-year liberal arts education in preparation for the professional degree in postgraduate study.
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Albuja, Vanessa, Juan Andrade, Carlos Lucano und Michelle Rodriguez. „Comparativa de las ventajas de los sistemas hidropónicos como alternativas agrícolas en zonas urbanas“. Minerva 2, Nr. 4 (16.03.2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v2i4.26.
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Este trabajo surge a partir de la investigación general de las técnicas hidropónicas teniendo en cuenta sus ventajas y desventajas para de esta forma poder encontrar aquel factor determinante a través de una comparación de técnicas hidropónicas que permitan clasificarlas y escoger la mejor opción que genere menos impacto ambiental negativo y demuestre ser más productivo en los entornos urbanos. Adicionalmente, un factor determinante en las ciudades es su espacio limitado por lo que la mejor opción también deberá incluir un óptimo manejo del espacio que permita a casi cualquier individuo poder aplicarlos desde su entorno sin recurrir a excesivas modificaciones. Como principal resultado se escogió a la Hidroponía recirculante como método predominante por los excelentes resultados que se obtienen con relación a los demás, adicionalmente, este puede ser fácilmente aplicado en los ambientes urbanos por su versatilidad y buen manejo de recursos.
Palabras Clave: Hidroponia, ambiente, urbano, comparativa, técnicas, cultivo.
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Cagri Tolga, A., und Murat Basar. „The assessment of a smart system in hydroponic vertical farming via fuzzy MCDM methods“. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 29.06.2021, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-219170.
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By 2050, the global population is estimated to rise to over 9 billion people, and the global food need is expected to ascend 50%. Moreover, by cause of climate change, agricultural production may decrease by 10%. Since cultivable land is constant, multi-layered farms are feasible alternatives to yield extra food from the unit land. Smart systems are logical options to assist production in these factory-like farms. When the amount of food grown per season is assessed, a single indoor hectare of a vertical farm could deliver yield equal to more than 30 hectares of land consuming 70% less water with nearly zero usage of pesticides. In this study, we evaluated technology selection for three vertical farm alternatives via MCDM methods. Even though commercial vertical farms are set up in several countries, area is still fresh and acquiring precise data is difficult. Therefore, we employed fuzzy logic as much as possible to overcome related uncertainties. WEDBA (Weighted Euclidean Distance Based Approximation) and MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) methods are employed to evaluate alternatives.