Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Indonesian Legal correspondence“

Dutch-Indonesian legal translation is under studied. The absence of equivalent terms in different languages requires constant comparison between SL (source language) and TL (target language) legal systems. Legal translators face numerous challenges as a result of the asymmetry between Dutch and Indonesian, whether those challenges are linguistic or cultural. Dutch and Indonesian terms are elements of linguistic difference and there is no one-to-one correspondence in Indonesian legal discourse. These require more effort from the translator. As cultural mediators, Indonesian legal translators may strive to understand Dutch terms conceptually rather than translate them literally. As in this study, the discussion of lexical translation between Dutch and Indonesian between makar and aanslag is the main goal. Because the term Makar has multiple meanings and is used to translate the word aanslag in Indonesia's criminal code, there is currently much debate over its use. This ambiguity prevents legal certainty from being guaranteed. The current situation with Indonesia's criminal code is that it does not define or set limitations on Macar acts, making possible uncertainties. The paper comes to the conclusion that translating the lexical terms mentioned above calls for knowledge of the linguistic and legal systems of languages, professional training, and up-to-date electronic dictionaries. This paper uses Library Research Method adapted from Thomas Mann. Data collections are collected from Published Sources, Online Databases, Government and Institutional Records, Publicly Available Data, and Past Research Studies.

The National Army, or Armed Forces, of Indonesia is a key factor in Indonesian politics, economy, and history. It has influenced the award system so greatly that the military orders and medals were dominating till 2009 when the civil orders turned equal to military ones. The paper sums up the legal acts, presidential decrees, media and other open sources to reconstruct the history of the Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi (Pakçi before 1972) — Army Meritorious Service Star of Indonesia. The Star was instituted in late 1968, along with the Bintang Jalasena — Navy Meritorious Service Star, and Bintang Swa Bhuwana Paksa — Air Force Meritorious Service Star. There are three classes of Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi — Utama (first), Pratama (second), and Nararya (third). The Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi is bestowed to the top grass military officials, in strict correspondence to their ranks of one-, two-, three-, and four-stars generals. The Order may be given to civil officials for their merits in the development of the National Army of Indonesia. The Order is also awarded to the top generals of the foreign armies who collaborate with the Indonesian Armed Forces.

Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa ditempatkan sebagai sila pertama Pancasila. Implikasinya, pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum di Indonesia harus bersumber pada nilai yang terkandung di dalam sila pertama tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk secara filosofis menganalisis ontologi, epistemologi, dan aksiologi ilmu hukum berketuhanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan filosofis dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa hakikat ilmu hukum berketuhanan adalah ilmu hukum yang dikembangkan berbasis pada nilai-nilai ketuhanan. Ia bukanlah ilmu hukum yang sekuler yakni ilmu hukum yang melepaskan diri nilai-nilai moral dan agama, melainkan ilmu hukum yang menjadikan nilai-nilai moral dan agama sebagai fondasi dalam pembaharuan, pembentukan, dan penegakan hukum. Kebenaran pengetahuan menurut ilmu hukum berketuhanan beranjak dari kebenaran firman Tuhan yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk nilai-nilai Pancasila yang selaras dengan nilai-nilai budaya bangsa Indonesia. Kebenaran di sini tidak hanya mengacu kepada kebenaran korespondensi, kebenaran koherensi, dan kebenaran pragmatis, tapi juga menjadikan ketiganya menyatu di bawah payung kebenaran ilahiah. Sedangkan nilai yang hendak diwujudkan oleh ilmu hukum berketuhanan sedemikian komperensif yang memuat semua nilai-nilai bangsa Indonesia baik yang religius maupun yang kultural. Nilai-nilai ini sudah dipraktikkan sejak lama oleh bangsa Indonesia sebelum merdeka. Meskipun nilai-nilai itu universal dan abstrak, tapi ia sudah mendarah daging dan menjiwai kehidupan sehari-hari bangsa Indonesia.Believing in the only and one God is set as the first pillar of Pancasila. This will have an implicate that the law reform, law making, and law enforcement must refer to the values. This article is aimed at analysing the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of God law. This research is normative legal research, white the approach used is both philosopical and conceptual. This article reveals that the essence of God law is the law founded by the values of God. It combines the values of morality and religion. The truth of knowledge stands from the truth of Gods sayings and is manifested in the form of values of Pancasila which are in accordance with the cultural values of Indonesia. The absolute truth of Gods sayings is a combination of correspondence, coherence, and pragmatic rightness. Finally, the value directed by the Gods law is so comprehensive consisting all Indonesian values religiously and culturally which have been practised at long time. Although these values are universal dan abstract, they have been embedded in the soul and daily life of Indonesian people.

For five decades Tanah Papua, or the West Papua half of the island of New Guinea on the intersection of Asia and the Pacific, has been a critical issue for the region with a majority of the Melanesian population supporting self-determination, and ultimately independence. While being prepared for eventual post-war independence by the Dutch colonial authorities, Indonesian paratroopers and marines invaded the territory in 1962 in an ill-fated military expedition dubbed Operation Trikora (‘People’s Triple Command’). However, this eventually led to the so-called Act of Free Choice in 1969 under the auspices of the United Nations in a sham referendum dubbed by critics as an ‘Act of No Choice’ which has been disputed ever since as a legal basis for Indonesian colonialism. A low-level insurgency waged by the OPM (Free West Papua Movement) has also continued and Jakarta maintains its control through the politics of oppression and internal migration. For more than five decades, the legacy media in New Zealand have largely ignored this issue on their doorstep, preferring to give attention to Fiji and a so-called coup culture instead. In the past five years, social media have contributed to a dramatic upsurge of global awareness about West Papua but still the New Zealand legacy media have failed to take heed. This article also briefly introduces other Asia-Pacific political issues—such as Kanaky, Timor-Leste, Papua New Guinean university student unrest, the militarisation of the Mariana Islands and the Pacific’s Nuclear Zero lawsuit against the nine nuclear powers—ignored by a New Zealand media that has no serious tradition of independent foreign correspondence.

Introduction: This article analyzes the implications of the attribution correspondence inference theory and whether the urge of conscience as affect in the Defendant is the reason for the abolition of the sentence? also behavioral jurisprudence theory on judges' considerations, where it's often a discourse in Indonesia. It is necessary to explore the human values contained in Defendant.Purposes of the Research: The objectives of the research are: First, to provide an analysis of how the theory of attribution correspondence inference to the judge's considerations in determining the circumstances that form the basis of sentencing and knowing whether the urge of conscience as affect in the Defendant is the reason for the abolition of the crime? Second, providing an analysis related to the urgency of behavioral jurisprudence theory in creating fair decisions based on the conscience of the judge.Methods of the Research: The normative legal research method uses a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and comparisons with different legal system which are based on library research in collecting research legal materials.Results of the Research: The results are: First, the attribution correspondence inference theory can be used as consideration for judges’ considerations in determining to mitigate and aggravating circumstances in Indonesia and with a study of criminal law and the theory that the urge of conscience as affect the defendant can be used as a consideration of mitigating circumstances for the defendant, as well as conditional punishment. Second, the behavioral jurisprudence theory approach has urgency in understanding the behavior of a person doing an act or the judge in making a fair decision.

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia that is obliged to protect its citizens wherever they are located, with negarannya commissioned the Embassy to address problems encountered. The one that needs to be done is legal protection for the workforce of Indonesia in particular who are in Malaysia, the role of the Embassy of Indonesia in Malaysia of which commissioned the Consular Affairs to handle Immigration Attaches correspondence ( Indonesia's labor Administration) in Malaysia as both travelers (tourists) as well as Indonesia's labor. When livelihoods work in the country's increasingly narrow then becomes one of a promising option in menompang a living life out to seek livelihoods abroad, one of which was Malaysia which became one of the main goals for the community Indonesia in search of a decent livelihood. Livelihood that promises to work outside the country raises many of the benefits of kindness as well as problems that arise either channelling legally or illegally, for the workforce in addition in the menafkahi family for labor Indonesia working outside the country will add to his family's prosperity for the regions in addition can also add defisa to the country so that workers who work outside of the country became the hero of the defisa for the State, then the labor should be given good legal protection. Because the State must be present to protect all the citizens of the respective countries anywhere.

ABSTRAK Penurunan profit bisnis kecil akibat implikasi ekonomi pasca pandemi COVID-19. Persoalan struktur permodalan menjadi kendala dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan usahanya secara terus menerus seiring kerubahan zaman. Koperasi Syariah sebagai salah satu lembaga keuangan Islam yang keislaman lebih dekat secara eksistensi maupun teritorial dengan masyarakat tingkat bawah sehingga menjadi alternatif pengembangan usaha masyarakat secara syariah sesuai persyaratan yang diberikan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan syariah dalam sikap, pengaruh sosial dan self-efficacy terhadap perilaku pemanfaatan produk koperasi syariah di Indonesia. Studi kuantitatif survey online dengan melibatkan 280 calon anggota koperasi syariah yang membutuhkan pembiayaan dan merupakan pemilik UMKM dijalankan dengan teknik analisis SEM PLS. Hasil studi menunjukkan pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap sikap, pengaruh sosial dan self-efficacy lalu dilanjutkan arah jalur dukungan hipotesis terhadap niat untuk memilih Koperasi Syariah sebagai solusi kebutuhan finansial UMKM ditemukan. Strategi manajerial khususnya pemasaran dikembangkan dengan mempertimbangkan efek sikap positif, pengaruh sosial dan efikasi diri calon anggota sebagai pemilik bisnis atau produk keuangan syariah yang akan mereka tawarkan kepada pelanggan mereka akan berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan sektor UMKM khususnya UMKM Generasi Millenial dan UMKM Hijau di Indonesia melalui upaya promosi dan kerjasama. Kata Kunci: ASE Model, Ekonomi Islam, Koperasi Syariah, Pemberdayaan, UMKM. ABSTRACT The decline in small business profits due to the post-COVID-19 pandemic economy. The issue of capital structure is an obstacle in maintaining and increasing development continuously in line with the changing times. Sharia cooperatives as one of the Islamic financial institutions are closer in existence and territorially to the lower level of society so that they become an alternative for community business development in accordance with the requirements given. This study aims to analyze the effect of Islamic financial literacy on attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy on the application of Islamic cooperative products in Indonesia. Quantitative study of online surveys involving 280 prospective members of Islamic cooperatives who need financing and are MSME owners carried out with the PLS SEM analysis technique. The results of the study show the effect of financial literacy on attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy, then choosing the direction of hypothesis support for the intention to find Islamic Cooperatives as a solution to the financial needs of MSMEs. Managerial strategies especially marketing that are developed taking into account the effects of positive attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy of prospective members as owners or Islamic financial products that they will offer to their customers will increase the growth of the MSME sector, especially Millennial Generation MSMEs and Green MSMEs in Indonesia through promotional efforts and cooperation. Keywords: ASE Model, Islamic Economics, Sharia Cooperatives, Empowerment, MSMEs. REFERENCES Abourrig, A. (2021). Social influence in predicting Islamic banking acceptance: Evidence from Morocco. International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, 2(2), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4641472 Ajzen, I. (1991a). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Ajzen, I. (1991b). The theory of planned behavior. 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Indonesia is currently racing with time related to the increasingly rampant criminal corruption committed by state officials who have a very significant impact also on the increase of TPPU. One of the perpetrators' efforts to avoid him from the law by hiding or obscuring his crime through money laundering takes advantage of the mechanism of financial traffic. Money laundering practices are very often committed against money earned from crime. The practice is simply a way to disguise or conceal the proceeds of a criminal offense. Money laundering is then used as a shield for the proceeds of the crime. Therefore, the existence of provisions or regulations on TPPU is very beneficial to minimize the velocity of funds from the crime. The latent danger of corruption has touched almost all levels of society, not only in relation to state organizers, power and policy, but also to the presence of private parties. Various methods have been taken to eradicate it, both preventively and repressively as well as by making changes to the method of eradication. One of the objectives of repressive action is to restore the State's losses. Corruption has resulted in heavy losses to the state's finances and undermines the stability of the national economy. The state losses in the form of assets resulting from corruption in returning it are not easy, the complexity of the settlement of criminal cases is one of the most dominant causes, not to mention the settlement of cases of corruption, especially those that have obtained permanent legal force, in relation to the spoils and payments replacement money, suspects, defendants, or convicted persons who disappeared at the time the proceedings were underway. The handling of TPPU cases has significance for the return of state assets related to the eradication of corruption. Property becomes a very fundamental object in relation to corruption and TPPU. Money laundering is always associated with property derived from a crime. The outcome of corruption is certainly related to assets or property acquired in an unauthorized and dirty manner. The prosecution of the perpetrators of corruption is not only related to the problem of his actions but also the repression of the result of his act of seizure of assets or assets of the perpetrator. Presidential Instruction Number 5 of 2004 on the Acceleration of Corruption Eradication issued by the President on December 9, 2004 to prove the seriousness of the government in criminalizing the money laundering of corruption results as well as a legal instrument that ordered law enforcement officers to immediately restore the state loss (asset recovery).1 The handling of TPPU, is a tough task for PPATK, especially to detect the occurrence of TPPU and further criminal acts. So the prevention and eradication of money laundering requires a systematic and comprehensive mechanism, which includes the detection process and legal process.2 The practice of money laundering through bank mechanisms is possible because banks are the most vulnerable financial institutions, and are subjected to the practice of Money Laundering whereby banks have a clearing system, international correspondence and a secret banking system.3 The role of the financial and government industry (PPATK) in preventing and eradicating TPPU becomes a barometer. It is based on banking and other financial services providers as front lines, in anti money laundering regimes. It is expected that financial institutions together with employees are at the forefront, in an effort to combat illegal financial activities.4

This study aims to analyze the role of the Covid-19 task force in corporate organizations. This research is qualitative. The Data collection tools used were direct observation and documentation study. Result: research related to COVID-19 officer unit Appointment Decree No. 142/SII/HO/ADM/IX/2020 which appointed 21 employees with 1 chairman, 1 deputy chairman, 1 public relation and legal officer, 2 regional coordinators, 3 secretaries, and 16 sub-coordinators. Furthermore, the review results of Circular 065/SIT-HO/ADM/II/2020, each Department at PT Sankyu Indonesia International are advised to take all actions such as (1) Preparing thermometer gun at entrance to the building and worksite. (2) To prevent as much as possible, the entry of visitors to the office/workplace. (3) Meetings are conducted via video conference. (4) Avoiding unnecessary official travel; (5) Carryout important correspondence via official email (6) Serve delivery and reception by couriers at the entrance of office buildings (7) Ensure proper cleaning (8) Ensure supplies of hand sanitizer, soap, and water run in the bathroom. (9) Employees are advised to maintain their health (10) People who have the authority to give leave are advised to give leave whenever there is a request for self-quarantine as a precaution; and (11) Advise employees who are at higher risk, namely older employees, pregnant women and employees with underlying medical conditions, to take extra precautions

Satjipto Rahardjo progressive laws have the basic idea that the law is for man, not vice versa. The law does not exist for itself but for something broader, that is for human dignity, happiness, prosperity and glory of man. Second, the law is not an institution that final, because the law is always in the process to continue to be. Therefore, the law does not inevitably invite progressive polemic against the wall and the legal system is structurally in Indonesia. Polemic is one of them is misguided thinking Satjipto Rahardjo charges in view of legal science. Satjipto Rahardjo accused of removing the identity of jurisprudence based on a logical theoretical framework (order of logic), where the true measure of the coherence standard, namely the correspondence between the idea that one with another idea that forms a unity of ideas. Satjipto thinking instead of thinking of jurisprudence, but because the idea of social science framework used is an empirical theory framework (order of fact), which measures the standards of truth correspondence, namely the similarity between the idea and reality. However, in the middle of the polemic, though progressive laws are challenged to find its form, in the midst of the people who do not believe in legal positivism, and in many cases are in the vacuum space and suppressing.