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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Indice de qualité de l'air intérieur“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Indice de qualité de l'air intérieur"
Bourcier, Danièle, und Meritxell Fernández-Barrera. „La construction de la qualité de l'air intérieur à travers les politiques publiques. Du privé au commun“. Sciences sociales et santé 29, Nr. 4 (2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sss.294.0029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKing, Norman. „L'impact de qualité de l'air intérieur en milieu résidentiel sur la santé respiratoire“. VertigO, Volume 4 Numéro 1 (01.05.2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.4696.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaude, Isabelle, Sylvie Parat, Jean-Claude Loewenstein, Bernard Millancourt und Sylvie Soreau. „Etude comparative de la qualité de l'air intérieur d'un immeuble climatisé et d'un immeuble à ventilation naturelle“. Pollution atmosphérique, N°146 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/pollution-atmospherique.3984.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Indice de qualité de l'air intérieur"
Miranda, Cavalcante Neto Luiz. „Dynamic indicator of individual exposure to air quality based on multi-sensor measurements : a tool for personalized prevention“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024MTLD0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent developments in gas sensing technology have made the use of microsensors popular for a large variety of applications, such as the analysis of quality of food products, odor nuisances, and air pollution monitoring in the ambient and in the indoor air. Notably, metal-oxide-based gas sensors (MOX sensors) have dominated the market for off-the-shelf gas sensor due to their miniaturization, cost-effectiveness, and availability. Despite that, MOX sensors are usually not used individually to measure a single gas as they are notoriously known to be sensitive to a large number of parameters, including multiple gases at the same time, as well as being prone to drift in their measurement during their lifetime. The solution to that is that is most applications, these sensors are grouped in clusters (sometimes called electronic noses) containing different models of MOX sensors capable of measuring different species of gases with different levels of sensitivity and, with proper data treatment in the form of a pattern recognition algorithm, they can provide valuable information about the sample presented to them. For indoor air quality (IAQ) applications, these clusters of MOX sensors are typically used to measure concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)in the indoor air, with results sometimes comparable to analytical laboratory equipment. In this thesis, we study which type of information these clusters of sensors can provide to us, specifically in IAQ applications and how we can convey this information to the occupant of a monitored indoor environment in the form of a dynamic individual IAQ index, hence the title of the thesis. The chosen approach was, at first, to study the number of degrees of freedom of a system containing multiple MOX sensors using a dimensional analysis tool (the intrinsic dimensionality, or ID, of the system) to try to find an ideal configuration for an IAQ monitor to. To do so, multiple datasets were analyzed, which contained different IAQ situations. We ended up developing our own dataset containing reproductions of 10 different day-to-day indoor activities monitored by a large number of MOX sensors. During the analysis of this dataset, we realized that the ID can also be an important indicator of the state of the air pollution in the monitored indoor environment, so after further exploring the effects of the performed activities in the ID of the system, a paper was published with the findings of this study
Cony, Louis. „Élaboration et développement d’un indice de la qualité sanitaire de l’habitat : outil de quantification de la « favorabilité » à la santé“. Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWithout lessening the importance of outdoor air quality (especially in areas with heavy road traffic or near industrial sites...) or transport (such as confined underground spaces) in people's exposure to air pollutants, considering the exposure of occupants to pollutants in their dwellings is essential since people spend around 80% of their time there. The first step of this work consisted in defining a reduced number of pollutants to be considered inside the dwellings through a prioritization process consisting in comparing the levels of exposure to the different pollutants in relation to their health reference values. The analysis of the existing single and multi-pollutant indices led to the definition of a new multi-pollutant index, called ULR-IAQ, which was used as the main indicator in the rest of the study. The second chapter was dedicated to the development of the numerical tool necessary to reproduce the various and varied situations that can be encountered in dwellings. The objective here was to reproduce the transport of pollutants from outdoor to indoor, indoor sources of pollutants as well as the main physical phenomena (pollutant transfers between the different rooms, variation in air relative humidity, deposition of particles, filtration...) for the evaluation of the concentration levels of the target pollutants defined in the previous chapter. Thus, a simulation environment combining energy, airflow and pollutant transport for multizone buildings has been developed by coupling TRNSYS and CONTAM software. Finally, an analysis of the elements impacting the IAQ of dwellings was developed in the last chapter. The goal here was not only to observe the influence of certain parameters but also to quantify and prioritize, through the ULR-IAQ index calculation, the pollutants, their sources, the systems as well as the actions that can be taken by the occupants to improve the IAQ of their dwellings
Molle, Romain. „Exposition des voyageurs aux polluants de l’air dans les autobus : caractérisation des sources et des transferts“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study can increase knowledge about the travelers' exposure to air pollution inside buses through measures based representative of rolling stock (Agora Long, Agora Standard), the air change rate, air outdoor quality and traffic parameters. The experiments were performed by studying the distribution of pollutants in the cabin, a subject little discussed in the literature. Some sources of pollution such as the material emissions and the transfer of bus exhaust in the cabin are quantified (self-pollution). As part of this approach, an unprecedented campaign was conducted to quantify the maximum and minimum self-pollution for both types of bus. In real traffic conditions, the pollutant concentrations (NO2, PM2.5, particle number concentration between 0.02-1µm) are higher in the instrumented buses compared to outdoors. Moreover the lowest concentrations of NO2 have been measured in the front of the cabin compared to the rear, the localization of exhaust pipe and the engine. This overexposure was explained by a self-pollution higher in the rear of the cabin compared to the front (0.13% against 0.05% in adverse conditions). Finally the influence of the material emissions, traffic, door openings, the wind speed on the pollutant concentrations inside buses have been demonstrated
Molle, Romain. „Exposition des voyageurs aux polluants de l’air dans les autobus : caractérisation des sources et des transferts“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study can increase knowledge about the travelers' exposure to air pollution inside buses through measures based representative of rolling stock (Agora Long, Agora Standard), the air change rate, air outdoor quality and traffic parameters. The experiments were performed by studying the distribution of pollutants in the cabin, a subject little discussed in the literature. Some sources of pollution such as the material emissions and the transfer of bus exhaust in the cabin are quantified (self-pollution). As part of this approach, an unprecedented campaign was conducted to quantify the maximum and minimum self-pollution for both types of bus. In real traffic conditions, the pollutant concentrations (NO2, PM2.5, particle number concentration between 0.02-1µm) are higher in the instrumented buses compared to outdoors. Moreover the lowest concentrations of NO2 have been measured in the front of the cabin compared to the rear, the localization of exhaust pipe and the engine. This overexposure was explained by a self-pollution higher in the rear of the cabin compared to the front (0.13% against 0.05% in adverse conditions). Finally the influence of the material emissions, traffic, door openings, the wind speed on the pollutant concentrations inside buses have been demonstrated
Cohas, Michel. „Contribution à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'air intérieur des locaux d'habitation“. Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSendi, Aymen. „Nez électronique communicant pour le contrôle de la qualité de l'air intérieur“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeasuring indoor air quality is a relatively recent need. Humans spend more than 90% of their time in a closed environment that contains several gaseous pollutants. The existence of such gaseous contaminants in the indoor air as well as short or long term exposure to these pollutants can causes many respiratory problems and several chronic diseases. Studies show that the indoor air quality has an impact on well-being and productivity. VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde are strongly presented in indoor air. This type of pollutants come from materials used in interior design (computer equipment, furniture, paints, fabrics, floors, etc.). We can also found in close envirements many others contaminants such as CO2, CO, and NO2 which come from urban pollution, intensive use of location and poor ventilation. Offices, meeting rooms, classrooms and practical work rooms in universities and / or schools are therefore potentially polluted. In a densely occupied and poorly ventilated room, the measurement of the VOC/CO2 rate may exceed the regulatory thresholds. These gaseous pollutants in the air in high concentrations, due to lack of sufficient ventilation and air quality control, can cause drowsiness and decreased productivity. Measuring and monitoring indoor air quality is therefore essential to ensure a better quality life in workspaces. This thesis is being carried out within the framework of the neOCampus GIS (scientific interest group), led by Paul Sabatier University and dedicated to the development of an innovative, connected and sustainable campus for a better quality life for users. We are interested by the development of micro-gas sensors MOS (metal oxide sensors) and the indoor air quality monitoring in offices, classrooms and meeting rooms. The objective of this study is to control these pollution levels in order to correct them through measures to ventilate the premises. Making a decision about how to correct air quality is an essential step in the process. For example: regulating ventilation in a room if the authorized threshold is exceeded for the identified pollutants. As part of this work, we produced prototypes of miniaturized multi-gas sensors integrated with their electronic card in a witness room and capable of detecting levels of indoor air pollution. These prototypes include a multi-sensor cell (with 4 independent cells), proximity electronics allowing the control and recovery of data from these cells, an IOT (internet of things) type communication module based on the LoRA protocol allowing send to the "Cloud NeoCampus", remotely and wirelessly, an indoor air quality status signal. This multi-sensor is based on semiconductor sensors based on nanostructured metal oxides synthesized at the LCC (coordination chemistry laboratory). [...]
César, William. „Outils numériques et technologiques pour l'analyse de la qualité de l'air intérieur“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is the development of technological and numerical tools for the monitoring of indoor air quality. That comprises the design of miniaturized sensors capable of detecting a large number of pollutants, and the development of inverse models allowing the reconstruction of pollutant sources from concentration measurements. In this work we present the realization of a micro-gas chromatograph, miniaturized chemical-analysis system fabricated with silicon-based MEMS technology. The separation column can separate multiple volatile organic compounds in less than a minute. The integrated thermal conductivity detector, based on a 4-points measurement technique coupled with an original temperature control circuit, can detect compounds separated in the column. In order to improve the performances of such micro-chromatographs, stochastic injection techniques have been developped. We have shown that these techniques easily allow to reduce the detection noise by an order of magnitude so that low-concentrated pollutants can be detected. We also observed that it is possible to follow in real time the mean evolution of the concentration with such techniques. We finally developped an original multiplexing technique that allows to monitor multiple sample streams simultaneoulsy with a single sensor. Finally, this work is completed by the development of 2D inverse models that allow, from data measured by micro-chromatographs placed in a room, to reconstruct pollutant sources, concentration fields or airflow patterns. Those models are based on an optimal control approach and use the resolution of Navier-Stokes and diffusion-advection equations with the finite element method. POD orthonormal basis are used for the regularization of the problem
Demazeux, Coralie. „Performance énergétique et qualité de l'air intérieur : quelles responsabilités des professionnels du bâtiment ?“ Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuildings have long been considered closed-in self-protected environments. Today, however, numerous scientific innovations show how they affect climate, energy and health related issues. By trying to reduce their impact on these issues, the law is made more complex, new obligations are created. As it happens, the way the law takes into account energy efficiency and indoor air quality affects building professionals liability. This liability covers several levels of responsibility depending on the legal status of the individual looking to institute the proceedings, whether it be the public sphere or a professional cocontractant. Thus professional liablility may be a result, unique, successive, or cumulative, of state control as well as civil responsability, and more specifically of contract law. This doctoral thesis looks to determine whether the numerous foundations and levels of responsibility enable us to sanction unfulfilled obligations, thus improving buildings'energy and sanitary efficiency
Diallo, Thierno Mamadou Oury. „Impact des polluants gazeux du sol sur la qualité de l'air intérieur des bâtiments“. Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS416/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransfer of soil gas pollutants (Radon, VOC) into buildings can cause significant health risks. However, analytical models used today to estimate health risks associated with these pollutants contain many uncertainties which can lead to poor risk assessment. Initially, the main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the improvement of these models for risk assessment. Secondly, we propose the development of air flow model for passive Sub slab Depressurization Systems (SDS) design used to protect buildings. The improvement of models focused on the inclusion of the main phenomena of convection and diffusion at building/soil interface, taking into account different types of building substructures. The first improvement concerns the assessment of convection phenomenon through the development of analytical models to quantify air flow rates entering through many kinds of building substructures: floating slab, bearing slab, crawl space and basement. Buildings with buried walls and substructures with a sub slab gravel layer are also treated. A methodology taking into account the presence of cracks, holes and singular leakages of the slab is also proposed. The second improvement of the models is the inclusion of coupled transfer of convection and diffusion near foundations. A numerical study allowed a better understanding of the behavior of pollutants at soil / building interface. Based on this understanding, semi-empirical laws for estimating soil gas pollutants entry rate into buildings are proposed. The various models developed have been validated numerically using a CFD model and experimentally with data from the literature when available. The impact of building substructure on pollutant transfer has been highlighted. A first application of the model is illustrated by their integration into a multizone simulation code to study the impact of these transfers on indoor air quality. Finally, the work ends with the development of a model for designing passive sub slab depressurization systems. The design model developed is validated with in situ experimental data. Preliminary applications using this model focused at first on the impact of meteorological conditions (stack effect, wind) on the sub slab system running. At second, the impact of ventilation strategies on sub slab depressurization performance is studied. Thus, we see the potential interest of this model to test the effective running of passive sub slab depressurization systems in given configuration
Akoua, Aké Ahiman. „Appréciation de l'efficacité de la ventilation pour l'étude de la qualité de l'air intérieur“. La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn efficient ventilation system provides a good indoor air quality by eliminating air pollutants and ensuring a satisfactory air renewal. Unlike most research works that deal with test cells with controlled boundary conditions, our study focuses on ventilation efficiency in a real environment. In situ experiments are performed and provide the boundary conditions necessary for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) computations. Using CFD for predicting indoor air quality in a real environment is thus analyzed. The influence of permeability on numerical predictions quality is shown. Unfortunately, it is difficult to quantify accurately the air leakages and their airflow rates. Our study proposes a simplified model that includes air infiltration rates in the CFD computations, and that yields satisfactory results. A critical analysis of ventilation efficiency indices is then performed. It is shown that it is currently impossible to evaluate the air change efficiency ( ) in an occupied zone. Concerning the air pollutants removal effectiveness, it is shown that the usual index is not suited to ventilation systems with variable airflow rates. For such cases, a new formulation of this index is given. The ratio between the airflow rate and the nominal airflow rate of the ventilation system is also taken into consideration. A coupled analysis of this new index and of this airflow rate ratio enables us to assess the air pollutants removal effectiveness while considering the energetic cost of ventilation. We finally show that there is no universal index. The choice of the index depends on the pollutant, on the pollutant's concentration, and on the airflow rate. A tool of decision-making aid is thus proposed in order to evaluate the air pollutants removal effectiveness for various ventilation systems. This tool is flexible and rather simple to use
Bücher zum Thema "Indice de qualité de l'air intérieur"
Nguyen, Van Hiep. La qualité de l'air intérieur: Aspects techniques, médicaux et juridiques. 2. Aufl. Cowansville, Québec: Editions Y. Blais, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden1957-, Lévesque Benoît, und Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation., Hrsg. Appareils de combustion de bois et qualité de l'air intérieur. [Ottawa]: SCHL, 1997.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenNguyen, Van Hiep. La qualité de l'air intérieur: Aspects techniques, médicaux et juridiques. 3. Aufl. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Y. Blais, 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenSchriver-Mazzuoli, Louise. La pollution de l'air intérieur: Sources, effets sanitaires, ventilation. Paris: Dunod, 2009.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMOUKITE, Zakaria. Qualité de l'air Intérieur Dans les Bâtiments Publics: L'Essentiel en Mémos 25 Questions-Réponses. Independently Published, 2019.
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