Dissertationen zum Thema „Indice de performance énergétique“
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Peikriszwili, Tartaruga Marcus. „L'influence allométrique dans les relations entre économie de course, rendement mécanique et performance chez des athlètes de longue distance : efficience métabolique et prédiction de la performance en course a pied de longue distance“. Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926761.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJkaoua, Zineb. „Méthodologie participative pour une rénovation urbaine durable : influence du microclimat sur le confort des usagers“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe escalating concerns surrounding climate change are evidenced by the exacerbation of summer heat waves, posing significant challenges to urban environments. These heat events detrimentally affect daily activities, compromise public health, and intensify energy demands for building cooling systems. Urgent action is required to transition towards resilient, environmentally friendly cities. This necessitates a reevaluation of architectural priorities towards urban redevelopment and building rehabilitation. This thesis advocates for a participatory approach that empowers the decision-makers and designersto address climate change impacts effectively. By focusing on enhancing perceived comfort and quality of life, this research aligns with the priorities of design offices and project owners. Through a scientific methodology, decision support tools are analyzed to inform urban design processes effectively.This thesis proposes to offer, to the designers and the decision-makers, tools adapted to the practice, acting from the programming to the exploitation of an urban renewal project and this, considering the local climatic aspect and the subjective aspect.The thesis employs a scientific methodology, analyzing various decision support tools to enhance urban comfort. Through sensitivity analysis of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), significant parameters affecting comfort are identified, followed by the validation of an average perceived comfort index (APCI) at the urban scale. Utilizing a combination of in-situ measurements and standardized surveys, a perceived average comfort index (APCI) is derived and correlated with microclimatic measurements. Additionally, simplified numerical simulations at the building scale assess the impact of urban renovations on interior comfort, leveraging existing building databases and weather data adjustments.This research contributes practical methodological frameworks essential for the development of comfortable urban projects, vital for urbanization strategies better suited to future climate realities. By integrating local climatic considerations with subjective perceptions, this thesis provides designers and decision-makers with tailored tools to guide urban renewal projects towards enhanced comfort, sustainability, and resilience
Gervais, Maxime. „Détection en temps réel de sous-performance énergétique d’éoliennes“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1139/1/GERVAIS_Maxime.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaure, Xavier. „Optimisation d’enveloppe hybride pour bâtiment à haute performance énergétique“. Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work lies within the framework of low energy consumption building envelope. A new concept of hybrid envelope is proposed: in winter, space heating is ensured by thermal solar air collectors associated with inertial panels (containing phase change materials). The air flows into cavities located all around the envelope, and brings the collected energy to the inertial panels. Ln summer, overheat absorbed by inertial panels is discharged at night with an over-ventilation through the cavities, in an open loop configuration. A global analytical model was developed in the TRNSys environment. An instrumented experiment is realized in real size test cell (40m3) to study the physics of the envelope, and to validate the model in natural and forced convection. A specific rig is held for the phase change materials. The influences of the natural convection within the liquid phase are highlighted, as well as the variability of the phase transition characteristics with various boundary conditions. The most important parameters are identified using a global sensitivity analysis method (FAST). Parametric studies show the interest of such a system: reductions from 30% to 50% are obtained on heating loads; the number of overheating hours is clearly reduced and even cancelled. For equivalent loads, 1 cm thickness of inertial panels is enough for latent heat storage, against 5 to 8cm for sensible heat storage, according the climate
Leroux, Madeline. „Performance et optimisation énergétique d'un édifice à bureaux en CLT“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29012/29012.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChahwane, Layal. „Valorisation de l'inertie thermique pour la performance énergétique des bâtiments“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumortier, Charles. „Amélioration de la performance énergétique des bateaux civils et militaires“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn its race against global warming, humankind starts to develop alternative mobility solution.However, replacing conventional thermal engine in all their uses, maintaining at least the sameperformances, takes time. So in order to efficiently fight against CO2 and other pollution emission itis necessary to use another lever. Improving the systems’ energy efficiency is yet little developed inmarine ships and helps transitioning toward carbon neutral mobility solutions. In order to pinpointthe matters to act on, a studying methodology and analysis tools are developed in this thesis. Thegoal is to assist boat designers as soon as the project starts, by speeding up and easing the design of the boat main systems. For “small size” ships, the design phase is extremely short. This forces the use of sharp and fast designing tools. This phase is the first level of improvement and should be taken with care. The second level consists of making a systemic approach of the boat, to achieve efficient driving laws. In other words, physical models from different systems are created and regrouped on a same modelling tool to observe their simultaneous operations. The more systems the more efficientthis complex analysis becomes.The general approach and some tools are not specific to a boat type and can even be appropriate outside the marine field
Hini, Sihame. „Evaluation multicritères multi-acteurs de la performance des projets de rénovation énergétique : cas des copropriétés touchées par la précarité énergétique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe phenomenon of fuel poverty continues to grow, it is affecting 20.4% of the French population in 2016 against 18.4% in 2013 (ONPE, 2016). This situation requires special attention to the issue of energy performance in buildings energy.Unfortunately, this performance, nowadays is only limited to the question of energy efficiency, it will be necessary to consider the energy saving and the behavior of the actors to achieve true performance. In order to do this, we have mobilized the park of the condominium housing which is a park with complex governance where common decision-making votes for needed tasks is difficult to achieve. To address this complex problem, a deliberative approach establishing a dialogue between co-owners (the managing office, union council, resident co-owners and lessor co-owners) but also with other stakeholders with knowledge on buildings energy renovation (Architect, heat engineer, operation manager…etc.), would enable the co-owners to understand and appropriate the challenges of energy performance and to make an assessment to understand how the co-owners take decisions on energy performance choices in a situation of fuel poverty.The challenge of this approach is that through this dialogue and evaluation, the condominiums housing can make efficient decisions for renovations even when several of its co-owners are in a fuel poverty situation
Velázquez, Romo Ernesto. „Processus de conception énergétique de bâtiments durables“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis work is the development of a decision-support methodology for the energy design of sustainable buildings. The proposed methodology consists of: (1) a set of sixteen indicators of energy performance, covering the three dimensions of the concept of sustainability (environmental, economic and user comfort aspects) and based on a whole life-cycle approach; (2) a framework for the calculation of these indicators, adapted to the level of knowledge and detail of buildings in the early design phases; (3) a decision making roadmap, proposed as a sequential model for structuring decision making throughout the design process; and (4) a knowledge base of building elements, compiling the necessary technical, environmental and economic data for evaluating energy performance. This methodology is aimed to assist architects and engineers who participate in the energy design of office buildings within a French context. An assessment tool has been developed as a first application of the proposed methodology in order to determine its contribution to the process of decision making. The methodology has been validated through various case studies at each stage of the design process: from the schematic design phase to the detailed design phase. In particular, the integration of a double skin facade, whose impact on building performance is still not fully understood, was assessed
Stefanoiu, Ana. „Vers l'évaluation de la performance des bâtiments à haute efficacité énergétique“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAA007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, the building sector is the main energy consumer. Moreover single-family houses represent about 60% of annual dwelling construction. The construction of energy efficient buildings represents a big step into energy saving. However, even though various efforts are made within this field, there is still a lack of methodologies about how to evaluate the energy performance of these buildings. The performance evaluation of an energy efficient building should allow understanding factors that contribute to its energy performance and as well as identifying the causes of overconsumption, poor indoor conditions.This thesis seeks to contribute to this field, by proposing an approach towards evaluating the energy performance of a house. This is done by comparing the real performance and the expected performance, using monitoring and building performance simulation, from design to operational phases. The energy performance evaluation approach is carried out on different cases of studies, mainly on a single-family house, situated in a Mediterranean climate.First, in the design phase, we use building performance simulation models to study the dispersions in energy use related to occupant’s behavior. The goal is to analyze the influence of the occupancy scenario on the behavior of the building and to establish a range of values for energy demand, based on national statistics. This step study the building’s behavior based on different types of occupancy scenarios, appliances and lighting use and temperature set point.Then, the focus is on the global evaluation of the envelope’s performance. Within the present thesis an innovative in-situ dynamic test is developed to assess the real envelope’s performance. This test is adapted to occupied houses (as it only takes 2 days) while controlling the infiltration air flow. The comparison between theoretical results of steady state calculation and experimental results show a good precision of less than 10%.Finally, continuous monitoring of energy efficient houses is studied. First, a work is done to reduce the number of sensors required for monitoring, while minimizing the loss of information. Then, an instrumentation methodology is developed and applied to a single-family house. The follow-up of this house could be studied during the first six months of monitoring and allowed to explain the behavior of the building and its consumption with regard to its use and to make the link with the previsions made during the design phase
Ettouhami, Moulay El Mehdi. „Analyse de performance de l'interpréteur d'algèbre de processus EB[indice supérieur 3]PAI“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4843.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArtiges, Nils. „De l'instrumentation au contrôle optimal prédictif pour la performance énergétique du bâtiment“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMore efficient energy management of buildings through the use of Model Predictive Control(MPC) techniques is a key issue to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. Buildingenergy performance is currently improved by using renewable energy sources, a betterdesign of the building envelope (insulation) and the use of advanced management systems.The more the design aims for high performance, the more interactions and coupling effectsbetween the building, its environment and the conditions of use are important and unintuitive.Only a more integrated regulation would take in account this complexity, and couldhelp to optimize the consumption without compromising the comfort.Model Predictive Control techniques, based on the use of dynamic models and optimizationmethods, promise a reduction of consumption and discomfort. They can generate energysavings by anticipating the evolution of renewable sources and intermittent needs, while takingadvantage of the building thermal inertia and other storage items. However, in the caseof buildings, obtaining a good dynamic model is tough, due to important uncertainties onmodel parameters and system solicitations.Recent advances in the field of wireless sensor networks are fostering the deployment ofsensors in buildings, and offer a promising opportunity to reduce these errors. Nevertheless,designing a sensor network dedicated to MPC is not obvious, and energy monitoring,instrumentation, modeling and predictive control matters must be considered jointly.This thesis aims at establishing the links between MPC and instrumentation needs inbuildings. We propose a generic method for building modeling, thermal simulation andoptimization. This methodology involves a multi-zone thermal model of the building, andefficient optimization algorithms using an adjoint model and tools from the optimal controltheory. It was implemented in a specific toolbox to develop a predictive control strategywith optimal control phases, state estimation phases and model calibration.At first, we study the formulation and resolution of an optimal control problem. We discussthe differences between such a control and a conventional regulation strategy, throughperformance indicators. Then, we present a state estimation method based on the identificationof unknown internal gains. This estimation method is subsequently coupled with theoptimal control method to form a predictive control strategy.As the parameters values of a building model are often very uncertain, parametric modelcalibration is essential to reduce prediction errors and to ensure the MPC performance. Consequently,we apply our methodology to a calibration technique based on in situ temperaturemeasurements. We also discuss how our approach can lead to selection techniques in orderto choose calibrated parameters and sensors for MPC purposes.Eventually, the predictive control strategy was implemented on an experimental building,at CEA INES, near Chambéry. The entire building was modeled, and the different steps ofthe control strategy were applied sequentially through an online supervisor. This experimentgave us a useful feedback on our methodology on a real case.This thesis is the result of a collaboration between CEA Leti, IFSTTAR Nantes andG2ELab, and is part of the ANR PRECCISION project
Vorger, Éric. „Étude de l'influence du comportement des habitants sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman behaviour is modelled in a simplistic manner in building energy simulation programs. However, it has a considerable impact and is identified as a major explanatory factor of the discrepancy between simulation results and in situ measurements. Occupants influence buildings energy consumption through their presence and activities, the opening/closing of windows, the actions on blinds, the use of artificial lighting and electrical appliances, the choices of temperature setpoints, and the water consumptions. The thesis proposes a model of occupants' behaviour including all these aspects, according to a stochastic approach, for residential and office buildings. Models' development is based on numerous data from measurements campaigns, sociological surveys and from the scientific literature. The proposed model for occupants' behaviour is coupled to the simulation tool Pléiades+COMFIE. By propagating the uncertainties of factors from the occupants' behaviour model and the thermal model (envelope, climate, systems), the simulation results confidence interval can be estimated, opening the way to an energy performance guarantee process
Balducci, Pascal. „La place du coût énergétique dans les facteurs de performance en trail running“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrail running is a discipline with increasing popularity over the last 2 decades. Trail performance depends on many genetic, energetic, technical, strategic and motivational factors. Among these factors, the energy cost of locomotion is debated. The studies in this Thesis focus on the level/graded correlations of this variable, on the calculation of an uphill cost from a level cost, on the influence of a forced modification of stride frequency on running economy, and on the impact of fatigue generated by an ultra trail on level and uphill costs. Taking account of the muscular and biomechanical constraints on the one hand, and the factors influencing the running economy on the other hand, as well as the results of our main field study, we hypothesize that energy cost and its pre/post fatigue variations, are not performance indicators of the activity. Force, endurance of force and pacing, in addition to aerobic power and endurance, are the tested variables best correlated to ultra trail performance
Amiel, Martin. „Méthode pour une optimisation du diagnostic de performance énergétique via une approche instrumentée“. Thesis, Chambéry, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CHAMA007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis is to make more reliable and relevant building’s energy performance diagnostic. The current regulatory context is too simplified to allow massification of efficient building retrofit. Currently, building’s energy performance diagnostic is made in order to make comparable building’s performance without taking into account the use, the functioning and the external environment. The result is a standardized performance and not a representative performance of the building. Finally, renovations recommended are not specific to the building and the resulting savings are tainted with errors. In order to change this, it is proposed to rethink the building’s energy performance diagnostic by taking into account the external environment, the uses, the actual functioning of the building and all the uncertainties associated with them. In addition to renovations to achieve on the building envelope, and technical equipment, the proposed diagnosis will also include an analysis of uses to highlight potential energy saving before retrofit.At first, we must have information on the building:- Physical information: plans, sections, materials used, technical equipment in place.- Consumption data: they are retrieved from a building instrumentation system.Those data will be used into two different diagnostic tools. The first is an improvement of regulatory building’s energy performance diagnostic. The second allows the analysis of consumptions patterns of the building.In order to improve the result of the regulatory building’s energy performance diagnostic, the energy consumption sources that are not taken into account will be added and the calculation of existing energy consumption sources will be improved to reach a higher level of precision. The data from the instrumentation system will also be used to get information on consumptions patterns of the building, performance of technical equipment and the external environment. Those data will also allow to get the correct calibration of the global energy performance from the new building’s energy performance diagnostic. Once calibrated, the results will be compared with threshold values to identify building’s weaknesses and subject to a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. The main objective is to make the result of the new building’s energy performance diagnostic more relevant and identify sensitive and influential parameters.Consumptions data will be analyzed to highlight different consumption patterns of the building to finally extract a potential energy saving without carrying out renovation. In order to do that, statistical tools will be used. At first, the clustering method developed will allow to get together days with similar consumptions profiles. Next, among all the groups realized, those identified as a drift of the building’s consumptions will be analyzed to highlight the potential. This potential is relative to the dataset considered. We don’t know the optimal performance of the existing building and this potential may not be sufficient to reach it. To be relevant, this potential must take into account several parameters (occupation, heating period, summer period…) and all factors that can affect the building’s energy consumption.The ultimate goal is to have these two tools interact to improve the accuracy of building’s energy performance diagnostic. The improvement of energy performance does not necessarily involve renovation work, different solutions are possible:- The optimization of the existing: the energy savings potential will be used to optimize the building's performance.- Unit Actions / Heavy Renovation: dialogue between the building’s energy performance diagnostic and the results of the potential for energy savings will be needed.Energy savings generated by this analysis are double. We play both on the building, its equipment and their uses. Energy savings generated are then more precisely controlled
Martin, Ulysse. „Spécificités physiques et enjeux de la performance énergétique du CLT en milieu nordique“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30955.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWood is one of the first material mankind used to work with and is still full of potential for building sector. Many engineering materials have been developed from wood, such as the cross-laminated timber (CLT). Wooden engineering materials are as performant as steel and concrete but are also cost effective and have a lower environmental footprint. Resources extraction for the manufacture of building materials and the building phase itself require a lot of energy, and generate or release important amount of greenhouse gaz. Wood is a sustainable resource that has the benefit of being able to capture carbon during its growing phase and to preserve it. In service, buildings will have heating and cooling loads, depending of their energy efficiency, high energy efficiency is required to lower the overall energy footprint of buildings. CLT has the potential to be a greener substitute to reinforced concrete in the mid-rise building. CLT helps to reach energy efficiency because wood panels act as a barrier for air, vapor and heat. In CLT building system, junctions between panels and with other elements (ducts, wiring, etc) are the main leakage paths through the envelope. Infiltrations and exfiltrations are responsible for important heat losses. Exfiltrations can also lead to excessive moisture accumulation in the walls, resulting in mold and rot growth. Structural integrity and air quality can be jeopardized on the average/long term. The aim of this project was to assess the impact of gaps between CLT panels, in case of air leakages, on the energy efficiency and durability of the wall. A real case of infiltration in a corner of a CLT building was used to size an air leakage area in the insulation (0.72 mm through the insulation considering a 1 m high wall), intended an assembly tolerance or gap of 2 mm. The gap was then extrapolated to a flat wall, to exclude the thermal bridge effect of the corner. An energy efficiency assessment was done using simulations for both cases of infiltration and exfiltration, with variable assembly gap. Simulation also permits to assess the impact on durability, on mold growth risks, of the exfiltration for variable exfiltrated air relative humidity. Results show that infiltration has a greater impact (1.62 times) than exfiltration, which is itself 1.37 times more energy-consuming than a perfect wall. The impact of the assembly gap variations in the CLT is restricted by a maximum flow rate dicted by the air leakage path in the insulation. Simulation of moisture transfer shows that mold growth is to fear on the gap surface through the wall, when the exfiltrated air relative humidity exceeds 40 %. The first mold development should primarily affects the insulation, but extends to the CLT as the relative humidity of the exfiltrated air increases. Condensation occurs in the insulation near the outlet of the exfiltration, leading to an accumulation of ice behind the external cladding. Results of simulations show how important it is to keep the air barrier continuous, and to avoid that assembly gaps in the CLT act as shortcut for eventual air leaks. The use of flexible adhesive joints, which can match the irregular cut of the CLT and dampen the dimensional variations would reduce the risks of air leakage.
Demazeux, Coralie. „Performance énergétique et qualité de l'air intérieur : quelles responsabilités des professionnels du bâtiment ?“ Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuildings have long been considered closed-in self-protected environments. Today, however, numerous scientific innovations show how they affect climate, energy and health related issues. By trying to reduce their impact on these issues, the law is made more complex, new obligations are created. As it happens, the way the law takes into account energy efficiency and indoor air quality affects building professionals liability. This liability covers several levels of responsibility depending on the legal status of the individual looking to institute the proceedings, whether it be the public sphere or a professional cocontractant. Thus professional liablility may be a result, unique, successive, or cumulative, of state control as well as civil responsability, and more specifically of contract law. This doctoral thesis looks to determine whether the numerous foundations and levels of responsibility enable us to sanction unfulfilled obligations, thus improving buildings'energy and sanitary efficiency
Tamokoué, Kamga Paul-Hervé. „Essais sur l'économie de la performance énergétique des bâtiments dans le secteur résidentiel“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD dissertation aims at better understanding some features of the market for building energy performance in the residential sector and at evaluating the effectiveness of three policy interventions to encourage energy retrofit: Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), tax credit for energy retrofit, and energy taxation. The first chapter of the thesis surveys the literature on building energy performance certification: there is strong evidence that households value building energy performance when buying or renting a dwelling. The second chapter provides a theoretical analysis of the impact of EPCs and shows that EPCs can decrease or increase energy consumption depending on the time horizon and the heterogeneity of energy demand in the population. The third chapter develops a simulation based on the aforementioned model and suggests that EPCs need to be supplemented by other policy instruments to reduce energy consumption. Relying on French micro-panel data, the fourth chapter econometrically analyzes the impact of a tax credit rate increase for energy retrofit and finds that it can substantially boost expenditures for investments targeted by the tax credit. The last chapter econometrically analyzes how energy prices affect households’ decisions to invest in building energy performance and does not find any statistical evidence of an effect of an increase in energy fuel price
Elistratova, Vera. „Conception optimale d’une gamme de moteurs synchrones à démarrage direct à haute performance énergétique“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0022/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to develop a multi-physical generic model (and a pre-design software) for a range of LSPMSMs which would integrate the advantages of both technologies: self-start asynchronous technology and good energy performance of synchronous permanent magnet technology. The validation of this model is carried out by finite element commercial software ANSYS / Maxwell and by experimental tests using two 7.5kW.LSPMSM prototypes
Montenegro, Iturra Esteban Emilio. „Impact de la configuration des bâtiments scolaires sur leur performance lumineuse, thermique et énergétique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28011/28011.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGossard, Didier. „Impact de l'enveloppe sur la performance énergétique des bâtiments : de la caractérisation jusqu'à l'optimisation“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1495/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to quantify the impact of the optimization of the external walls on the energy performance of buildings. On the scale of the construction element, we have built a heat transfer model to solve coupled heat transfer in a partitioned three-dimensional cavity. An experimental study was conducted to validate the model using a PVC model representing a partitioned cavity located in a climatic chamber. On the scale of the building, an optimization methodology was developed for a residential house. Based on a coupling between TRNSYS and GenOpt, the methodology resulted in the optimal thermophysical properties of external walls. We varied several parameters modeling the building such as the inertia of the building, the position of the insulation of the external wall, the scenario of the occupation and climate. Then, an inverse method can be traced back to the geometry and thermophysical properties of alveolar structures corresponding to the optimal properties of the walls
Vanin, Thomas <1993>. „Indice Sintetico di Performance ed Interlocking Directorate: il ruolo delle misure di centralità del CDA nella performance delle società di capitale“. Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14373.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeinrich, Franz. „Modélisation, prédiction et optimisation de la consommation énergétique d'applications MPI à l'aide de SimGrid“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe High-Performance Computing (HPC) community is currently undergoingdisruptive technology changes in almost all fields, including a switch towardsmassive parallelism with several thousand compute cores on a single GPU oraccelerator and new, complex networks. Powering a massively parallel machinebecomesThe energy consumption of these machines will continue to grow in the future,making energy one of the principal cost factors of machine ownership. This explainswhy even the classic metric "flop/s", generally used to evaluate HPC applicationsand machines, is widely regarded as to be replaced by an energy-centric metric"flop/watt".One approach to predict energy consumption is through simulation, however, a pre-cise performance prediction is crucial to estimate the energy faithfully. In this thesis,we contribute to the performance and energy prediction of HPC architectures. Wepropose an energy model which we have implemented in the open source SimGridsimulator. We validate this model by carefully and systematically comparing itwith real experiments. We leverage this contribution to both evaluate existingand propose new DVFS governors that are part*icularly designed to suit the HPCcontext
Duplessis, Bruno. „Mise en œuvre des contrats de performance énergétique pour l'amélioration des installations de production frigorifique“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacquet, Sébastien. „Étude de la performance énergétique d'une toiture végétale extensive installée au centre-ville de Montréal“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/647/1/JACQUET_S%C3%A9bastien.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNoureddine, Adel. „Vers une meilleure compréhension de la consommation énergétique des systèmes logiciels“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961346.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDupont, Maxime. „Potentiel d'économies d'énergie par les services énergétiques - Application au cycle de vie des équipements de conversion de l'énergie“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002971.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuplessis, Bruno. „Mise en œuvre des contrats de performance énergétique pour l'amélioration des installations de production d'eau glacée“. Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENMP1606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnergy performance contracting is a contract form for energy services in which providers take over the financing of projects for facilities improvement by paying themselves through the energy savings generated. The use of such contracts, which are deemed particularly effective, is highlighted in the contents of European and national public policies for demand-side management. As such, energy performance contracts are expected to take part of existing devices for energy efficiency improvement, particularly in the context of white certificates systems and public tools for the improvement of the national and local governments heritage. However, their implementation depends on the development of suitable protocols for assessing the energy performance of facilities, especially when their performance depend on various parameters such as the chilled water plants. After having highlighted the energy efficiency carried by energy performance contracting, this thesis analyzes the technical obstacles in the way of such contracts implementation. Then, a suitable protocol for assessing typical improvements of chilled water plants is proposed by coupling modeling tools and on-site measurement procedures. Finally, we propose some adjustments of this protocol in order to enable the integration of typical improvements of chilled water plants under the white certificates systems, which seem to consider only elementary and easily reproducible projects
Brandão, Camila Fernanda Costa e. Cunha Moraes. „Criação de indice referencial e redução dos testes fisicos propostos pelo PROESP-BR“. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/681.
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O propósito deste estudo foi criar um índice unificador dos testes do PROESP-BR para escolares e propor a redução do número dos testes. Foram avaliados 420 adolescentes entre 15 e 17 anos representativos da população das escolas públicas do município de Cuiabá. Os testes englobam a aptidão física geral, sendo: teste abdominal, salto em distância, corrida de 9 minutos, corrida de 20 metros, teste de agilidade do quadrado e arremesso de medicine ball. Foram padronizados os resultados e agrupados em dois fatores; foi criado o ‘escolar otimo’ pelo melhor resultado observado em cada teste. A comunalidade de cada teste (r) significa a representatividade do teste quanto ao conjunto; os alunos foram classificados então em quintis de acordo com a distância euclidiano do ‘escolar ótimo’. Os resultados da comunalidade para meninas e meninos em cada teste, foram respectivamente: resistência abdominal (0,57; 0,43), arremesso de medicine ball (0,82; 0,65), salto horizontal (0,72; 0,67), corrida de 20 metros (0,69; 0,50), teste do quadrado (0,69; 0,50), corrida de 9 minutos (0,42; 0,73), e; para o índice: excelente (0,01 – 3,85; 0,01 – 3,50), muito bom (3,86 – 7,70; 3,51 – 7,00), bom (7,71 – 11,55; 7,01 – 10,50), razoável (11,56 – 15,40; 10,51 – 14,00) e fraco (≥15,40; ≥14,01). O teste que melhor representou o grupo feminino foi o arremesso de medicine ball e salto horizontal, para o grupo masculino a corrida de 9 minutos. Assim, observamos que três testes seriam suficientes para esta bateria de avaliação representando o desempenho global, e os testes podem ser escolhidos de acordo com o sexo. Ainda, foi possível criar um índice global dos avaliados que permite visualizar o desempenho conjunto dos seis testes em uma nota, bem como sua distribuição dentro do grupo e distância do ideal de referencia.
The purpose of this study was to develop a unifying index tests PROESP-BR for school and propose to reduce the number of tests. 420 adolescents were assessed between 15 and 17 representative of the population of public schools in the city of Cuiabá. The tests include general physical fitness, and abdominal test, jump, run 9 minutes, running 20 meters square test of agility and throwing medicine ball. Results and grouped into two factors were standardized; the 'otimo school' was created by the best results observed in each test. The comunalidade each test (r) means the representativeness of the test on the set; students were then sorted into quintiles according to the Euclidean distance 'great school'. The results of commonality for girls and boys in each test were: abdominal strength (0.57, 0.43), throwing medicine ball (0.82, 0.65), horizontal jump (0.72, 0, 67), racing 20 yards (0.69, 0.50), chi-square (0.69, 0.50), race 9 minutes (0.42, 0.73), and; for index: excellent (0.01 to 3.85, 0.01 to 3.50), very good (3.86 to 7.70, 3.51 to 7.00), good (7.71 to 11 55, 7.01 to 10.50), fair (from 11.56 to 15.40, 10.51 to 14.00) and weak (≥ 15.40, ≥ 14.01). The test that best represented the female group was the medicine ball throw and standing long jump for the male group, race 9 minutes. Thus, we observe that three tests would be sufficient for this assessment battery representing the overall performance, and testing can be chosen according to sex. Still, it was possible to create a global index of reviews that lets you view all the six tests in a note performance as well as its distribution within the group and away from the ideal reference.
Jean, Aurélien. „Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes végétalisées : évaluation de la performance énergétique globale en climat tropical humide“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this article is to present a vulgarized introduction to the vegetated complex partitions field, called VCP. To reach this goal, the green roof notions, their uses and implications are defined. The theory is illustrated by a Reunion Island case study, which allows to list several impacts of the green walls utilization
Alkhouli, Marwan. „Vers une approche intégrée de la conception architecturale des tours pour optimiser leur performance énergétique et environnementale“. Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS008S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur thesis aims to demonstrate the limitations of new concepts definitions and new generations of towers that are developed by professionals and researchers. Our approach is to focus on the energy and environmental performance, a notion that has not been addressed enough and we are trying to define. We show the limitations and barriers for the introduction of performance measures in the historical evolution of different generations of towers. We take a position of environmental assessment systems and regulations in different cultural and climatic contexts. We address the performance concept at multiple scales to demonstrate that the balance of the performance equation must be understood in a context of sustainable development. Our analytical and comparative approach seeks to bridge the gap between rhetoric and reality, the original intentions and purposes completed. Finally we show how the linear process of current projects must evolve to foster an integrated design where the issue of performance should be placed in the heart of a new innovative and collaborative approach throughout the life cycle of project development. It is important to note that our research work doesn’t aim to defend or refute the potential for energy efficiency and environmental quality of the architectural object of the tower, nor lead to a unique successful model which could be proposed to designers and professionals in the real estate market. Our critical and analytical approach is to demonstrate how the performance is it round? What is its context and measures? How improve it to better integrate the urban environment of our contemporary cities
Hoang, Anh. „Pronostic de la performance d’Efficacité Energétique pour la prise de décision en maintenance dans les systèmes industriels“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong sustainability consideration, energy is today the key for economic growth in industrial systems. Energy resources are however limited and becomes more and more expensive. The energy optimization of manufacturing systems must therefore be considered as a major challenge to be compliant with environmental impact and management of energy resources. This should be reflected primarily by using energy efficiency (EE) as main key lever to deploy sustainability to plants, i.e. reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. With regards to this EE context, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the problem of considering energy efficiency and its prediction as a new indicator in maintenance decision-making. In that way, we develop first a concept of energy efficiency, called EEI (energy efficiency indicator), applicable to the different levels of abstraction of an industrial system. Then, we propose a generic formulation to evaluate the EEI (and its evolution) taking into account static and dynamic factors of influence. The temporal evolution of this indicator with respect to the degradation of the system is addressed in a predictive maintenance objective. It leads to found an energy efficiency performance concept called REEL (remaining energy-efficient lifetime), representing the residual energy lifetime. To predict the potential evolution of the IEE to calculate REEL, a generic approach based on existing predictive approaches is also developed. Next, we investigate the use of EE in CBM maintenance decision-making. Finally, all these contributions are validated on the TELMA platform
Blanchette, Danièle. „Examen de la relation entre le discours environnemental présenté dans le rapport annuel et un indice de performance environnementale“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8217.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoya, Maxime. „Analyse de l'impact des propriétés radiatives de façades pour la performance énergétique de bâtiments d'un environnement urbain dense“. Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537691.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIbrahim, Mohamad. „Étude de l’amélioration de la performance énergétique de bâtiments due à l’emploi d’enduit minéral à fort pouvoir isolant“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, the building sector is the largest consumer of energy and accounts for about 43% of the total energy consumption. The building sector offers significant potential for improved energy efficiency through the use of high-performance insulation and energy-efficient systems. For existing buildings, renovation has a high priority in France because these buildings represent a high proportion of energy consumption and they will be present for decades to come. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the so-called super-insulating materials, such as Aerogels. The objectives of this study are to examine the thermal behavior of buildings and to foster energy efficiency through the use of a newly developed aerogel-based insulating coating as well as the use of renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy. Firstly, the thermal and hygrothermal performance of exterior walls having different layer composition structures are examined. Secondly, the heating energy demand as well as the risk of summer overheating is examined for different construction periods and under different climates. Also, a mathematical model is built and compared to experimental measurement of a recently built full-scale house. Finally, the potential to decrease the heating load by adopting a closed wall loop system is scrutinized. The latter is a proposed system to capture some of the solar energy falling on the south facade available during non-cloudy winter days and transfer it to the north facade through water pipes embedded in the aerogel-based coating
Bilot, Nicolas. „Raisonner la filière de production de plaquettes forestières pour sa performance énergétique et l'exportation d'éléments nutritifs en forêt“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increasing demand for energy wood requires a better knowledge about the production system. This work is about modelling the chain producing wood chips for energy.Growth and yield models are built by forest scientists, and some models can predict contents in biomass and nutrients in trees. The study of the chain of harvesting, transforming and transporting energy wood is made by a community of forest and wood scientists, relying on principles from process engineering. Fuel qualities from elemental composition are modelled in the field of energy sciences.By connecting and completing this knowledge, the thesis proposes an original approach to consistently integrate models from the different fields of science. This bottom-up approach conserves a high level of information about the system, and a high flexibility in the configuration of the simulated chain.Original models were developed for the chain. Model formulation was made respecting the most frequent level of detail found in literature. An original model was developed to predict fuel quality relying on nutrient content predicted with models developed in forest sciences.A software tool was developed to integrate these models. “ForEnerChips” calculates material fluxes from forest growth to heating plant via the whole chain. This allows for the assessment of energy balances, and nutrient exportations and restitutions, according to choices made in the configuration of the chain (scenario analysis). Its implementation into the CAPSIS software platform allows a potential connection to about 70 growth and yield models for different species, regions or management regimes.The simulator was connected so far to a particular growth and yield model for common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). A scenario representative of current management practices was studied and compared to alternative scenarios. Other ideas of potential uses are suggested
Pépin, Alexandre. „Performance énergétique et confort thermique : effet de la masse thermique, de la résistance et des matériaux de l'enveloppe“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28242.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the province of Québec, massive wood buildings of three floors and more are becoming more and more popular. This material being ecological and renewable is interesting for commercial buildings. However, its use is fairly low in this type of buildings and this raises many questions related to the thermal behavior. In this study, the influence of thermal mass has been studied using numerical simulations. The variables analyzed are the dynamic thermal variables, the energy intensity and the comfort. Two programs have been used to perform the simulations. Since the simulations done using e-QUEST have not demonstrated their relevance for thermal mass analyses [1], EnergyPlus software was used to perform the simulations during this study. The results have demonstrated that the type of thermal mass change and the presence of thermal mass can reduce the mean daily temperature swing of the internal surfaces of the walls. This reduction is up to 27.8% (2.33°C) when the building type passes from a lightweight wood construction to a heavyweight concrete one with a 4 W/m2-K RSI. Another major notice is that the energy intensity principally varies in function of the thermal mass type. Coupled with the thermal resistance, this adds a certain reduction of the energy intensity. The thermal mass thickness is the parameter having the smallest effect on the energy intensity. Gains observed are around 2.5% when the modifications of the type of thermal mass and its thickness are combined. This behavior can be explained by the fact that the energy that is stocked in the envelope and returned to the building after a certain time lag reduces heating demand during winter, but generates cooling demand during summer. The size of the studied building and the ventilation system type could be an explanation of the weak gains obtained regarding the energy intensity.
Tayachi, Zeineb. „Sûreté de fonctionnement et provisionnement éco-énergétique dans les centres de données virtualisés IaaS“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CNAM1292.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCloud computing allows users to exploit services such as infrastructures, platforms, applications, ...This allows a considerable cost and time saving since users do not need buying and managing of equipment. Moreover, they just pay the resources used (pay-as-you go). With the increasing large-scale applications and the need to store huge quantities of data, data centers have been widely deployed. However, studies have shown the under utilization of resources. Therefore, Cloud providers resort to virtualization technologies that are adopted by data center architectures and virtualized data centres have been deployed. A Virtualized Data Center is a data center where some or all of the hardware (e.g, servers, routers, switches, and links) are virtualized by using software called hypervisor that divides the equipment into multiple isolated and independent virtual instances (e.g virtual machines (VMs)). However, equipment performance can be mitigated due to several phenomena such as software aging. In this thesis, we focus on performance evaluation of two components in the data centers which are the virtualized server and the virtual switch, by usingmodeling formalisms. The first contribution concerns performability modeling and analysis of server virtualized systems subject to software aging, software rejuvenation and implements an energy management policy. A modular approach based on SRNs is proposed to investigate dependencies between several server virtualized modules. Numerical analysis shows how workload with bursty nature impacts performability metrics. This can handle decision making related to rejuvenation scheduling algorithms and to select the suitable rejuvenation mechanism. The second contribution concerns virtual switch (VS) which is considered as key element in data center networks since it achieves the communication between virtual machines. An analytical queueing model with batch arrivals and server vacations is proposed to evaluate VS performance with several network interface cards and several CPU cores. Performance metrics are obtained as a function of two proposed batch acceptance strategies and mean batch size. Numerical results aremeaningful when sizing virtual switch resources
Hoang, Anh. „Pronostic de la performance d’Efficacité Energétique pour la prise de décision en maintenance dans les systèmes industriels“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0086/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong sustainability consideration, energy is today the key for economic growth in industrial systems. Energy resources are however limited and becomes more and more expensive. The energy optimization of manufacturing systems must therefore be considered as a major challenge to be compliant with environmental impact and management of energy resources. This should be reflected primarily by using energy efficiency (EE) as main key lever to deploy sustainability to plants, i.e. reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. With regards to this EE context, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the problem of considering energy efficiency and its prediction as a new indicator in maintenance decision-making. In that way, we develop first a concept of energy efficiency, called EEI (energy efficiency indicator), applicable to the different levels of abstraction of an industrial system. Then, we propose a generic formulation to evaluate the EEI (and its evolution) taking into account static and dynamic factors of influence. The temporal evolution of this indicator with respect to the degradation of the system is addressed in a predictive maintenance objective. It leads to found an energy efficiency performance concept called REEL (remaining energy-efficient lifetime), representing the residual energy lifetime. To predict the potential evolution of the IEE to calculate REEL, a generic approach based on existing predictive approaches is also developed. Next, we investigate the use of EE in CBM maintenance decision-making. Finally, all these contributions are validated on the TELMA platform
Novel-Chaté, Valérie. „Le métabolisme énergétique myocardique en hypoxie chronique : étude chez le rat“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiouri, Mohammed El Mehdi. „Efficacité énergétique dans le calcul très haute performance : application à la tolérance aux pannes et à la diffusion de données“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKrayem, Alaa. „Révéler l'utilisation énergétique spatio-temporelle d'une ville côtière méditerranéenne : le cas de Beyrouth“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in urban areas, understanding buildings' energy performance and consumption patterns is essential for implanting effective energy management and efficiency strategies at a city scale. Such plans' implementation at large scale requires information on how the energy demands may change under specific interventions. Urban Building Energy Models (UBEM) are proposed tools to estimate current and future building's energy demand. These models rely on a bottom-up approach, combining both statistical techniques and physics-based methods. This study aims at providing an enhanced modeling approach that simulates buildings' energy demand at high spatial and temporal resolution, which can help in evaluating energy management strategies and decision-making energy policies. The methodology is applied for the city of Beirut, representative of the Mediterranean region where the similarity of buildings technologies and climatic concerns among its cities is pronounced. The main objectives of the thesis are to develop, investigate and adjust a bottom-up energy modeling tool at urban scale; to provide evidence of the tool's suitability to support guidelines for future interventions; and finally to investigate the impact of the city's compactness on daylight availability and thus citizens' well-being. In this case study based on two different districts within the city, a near-city-scale building energy model, BEirut Energy Model BEEM, is generated to estimate the building's stock electricity consumption. To reduce the modeling and computation time, an archetypal classification of the buildings based on their types and periods of construction is adopted. The additional information required to generate the 3D model of the buildings are the number of floors, buildings' areas and a topographic map of the study areas. By coupling the models to the hourly weather conditions, the thermodynamic model of 3,630 buildings is simulated in EnergyPlus. Adapting the model to Beirut's occupancy and users' behaviors is crucial to enhance the reliability of BEEM. The availability of metered electricity data allows the model calibration, which is based on buildings' clustering and finding the clusters' coefficients representative of specific energy patterns. After the training phase, the model's accuracy in predicting electricity consumption is improved. Comparing the actual consumption and the calibrated results, the averaged absolute percentage error of the electricity consumption was reduced from 310% to 41% in district A and from 326% to 39% in district B. The calibrated model is combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) for a spatiotemporal distribution of energy demand patterns, which can help in assessing the most suitable intervention technologies
Bonte, Mathieu. „Influence du comportement de l'occupant sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment : modélisation par intelligence artificielle et mesures in situ“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2495/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuilding sector plays a major role in global warming. In France, it is responsible of about 40% of energy consumption et about 33% of carbon emissions. In this context, building designers try to improve building energy performance. To do so, they often use building energy modeling (BEM) software to predict future energy use. For several years now, researchers have observed a difference between actual and predicted energy performance. Some reasons are pointed out such as uncertainties on physical properties of building materials and lack of precision of fluid dynamics models. One of the main causes could come from bad assessments in the modeling of occupant behavior. Occupant is often considered as passive in building simulation hypothesis. However, numerous of papers show that he act on the building he is in, and on personal characteristics. The work presented here intend to characterize occupant behavior and its influence on energy use. In the first part of the manuscript we assess the individual impact of several actions using design of experiments (DOE) methodology. Actions like operations on windows, blind or thermostat are investigated separately. We show that two opposite extreme behaviors (economic and wasteful) could lead to significant difference in building energy use. Moreover, a factor two-to-one in total energy use is observed between passive and active behaviors. In the second part we focused on an experimental approach. Thermal and visual environment of 4 offices have been monitored during a year and online questionnaires about comfort and behavior have been submitted to office occupants. Tank to a statistical analysis we estimates probabilities of acting on windows, blinds and clothing insulation against physical variables or thermal sensation. Final part of the thesis deals with the development of an occupant behavior model called OASys (Occupant Actions System) and running under TRNSys software. The model is based on an artificial intelligence algorithm and is intended to predict occupant interactions with thermostat, clothing insulation, windows, blinds and lighting system based on thermal and visual sensation. Results from OASys are compared to results from literature through various case studies for partial validation. They also confirm the significant impact of occupant behavior on building energy performance
Denguir, Afef. „Modèle de performance agrégée et raisonnement approché pour l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique et du confort dans les bâtiments“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work is part of the FUI RIDER project (Research for IT Driven Energy efficiency). It aims to develop an energy management system that has to be weakly dependent on building's specificities in order to be easily deployed in different kinds of buildings. This work proposes a new approach based on the thermal comfort concept in order to reduce energy costs. This approach takes advantage of the thermal comfort concept in order to compute new optimized setpoints for the building energy control system. It relies on the idea that thermal comfort is a subjective multidimensional concept that can be used to reduce energy consumption. The literature provides statistical thermal comfort models but their complexity and non-linearity make them not useful for the control and optimization purposes. Our new thermal comfort model is based on the multi attributes utility theory and Choquet integrals. The advantages of our model are: its interpretability in term of preference relationships, its linearity in simplex regions which simplifies optimization problems' solving, and its compact form which is more tractable than a rule based control formalism. In the second part of this work, the THermal Process Enhancement (THPE) proposes a control system approach to efficiently reach the optimized setpoints provided by the comfort model. The THPE proposes an efficient and simple thermal control approach based on imprecise knowledge of buildings' special features. Its weak data-dependency ensures the scalability and simplicity of our approach. For this, an extended thermal qualitative model (EQM) is proposed. It is based on a qualitative description of influences that actions' parameters may have on buildings' thermal performances. This description results from the mathematical and qualitative analysis of dynamical thermal behaviors. Our thermal qualitative model is then enriched by online collecting and assessing previous thermal control performances. The online learning provides the necessary quantitative information to infer quantified control recommendations from the qualitative tendencies displayed by the EQM. Thus, an approximate reasoning based on the EQM and an online learning coupled with a penalty function provides smart thermal control functionalities. The EQM based approximate reasoning guarantees our control system weak dependency with regard to the building special features as well as its multi-scale applicability and its relevancy even for RIDER's first start when the learning database lacks of information. The performances of our THPE are assessed on various types of control and optimization issues. An optimal control is generally achieved in a few iterations which allows providing an adaptive and individual control of building's rooms
Ligier, Simon. „Développement d’une méthodologie pour la garantie de performance énergétique associant la simulation à un protocole de mesure et vérification“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM083/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiscrepancies between ex-ante energy performance assessment and actual consumption of buildings hinder the development of construction and renovation projects. Energy performance contracting (EPC) ensures a maximal level of energy consumption and secures investment. Implementation of EPC is limited by technical and methodological problems.This thesis focused on the development of an EPC methodology that allies building energy simulation (BES), and measurement and verification (M&V) process anticipation. The building parameters’ uncertainties and dynamic loads variability are considered using a Monte-Carlo analysis. A model generating synthetic weather data was developed. Statistical studies of simulation results allow a guaranteed consumption limit to be evaluated according to a given risk. Quantile regression methods jointly capture the risk level and the relationship between the guaranteed energy consumption and external adjustment factors. The statistical robustness of these methods was studied as well as the choice of the best adjustment factors to consider. The latter will be measured during building operation. The impact of measurement uncertainties is statistically integrated in the methodology. The influence of M&V process accuracy is also examined. The complete EPC methodology is finally applied on two different projects: the refurbishment of a residential building and the construction of a high energy performance office building
Martin-Bonnel, de Longchamp Lucie. „Evaluation du risque de non atteinte de la performance énergétique après rénovation : biais cognitifs, asymétries d'information et incitations optimales“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at contributing to make the energy renovation market long-lasting and self-sustaining. To achieve this, our objective is to quantify the risk of not achieving energy performance after renovation. First, we analyze households’ psychological factors that should be considered to improve energy consumption prediction models. Drawing on the Je rénove BBC program, we highlight four cognitive biases that negatively impact the difference between actual and predicted energy consumption. We then study the most appropriate contract structures improving the flow and quality of renovation projects, encouraging craftsmen to work better. On one hand, we determine optimal contracts for an Agent who has to perform two tasks and underestimates the impact of one of them on the building's performance. On the other hand, we test individual-based and group-based incentives on the ability of several real Agents (craftsmen) to coordinate, according to their initial training (DORéMI, …)
Lampach, Nicolas. „Essays on risk management in the presence of ambiguity“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis aims to establish an optimal technological risk management to ensure hazard reduction of new emerging risks without impeding the innovation path. The research work contributes to ex-ante and ex-post risk management strategies and provides theoretical and empirical evidence to address the management of new emerging risks. The first part of the thesis examines, from the perspective of Law and Economics, the effectiveness of the tort liability rule for the situation where the decision maker is lacking information about the probability of an event to occur. The second part of the thesis pays particular attention to the environmental energy transition in France and focus on the insurability of the energy performance in the housing sector. The theoretical and experimental findings from the first part of the research convey strong validity that tort law cannot provide ex-ante optimal incentives when there is lacking information about the probability of accident. The regime of unlimited and limited liability leads to overinvestment in prevention in regard to new emerging risks. The empirical results of the second part of the thesis reveal that 23.75% of households participated in the weatherization program "Je Rénove BBC" do not achieve the required energy target but the severity of the energy performance gap is relatively low. The findings of the research work imply several policy recommendations to manage new emerging technologies in the future
Moreno, Sierra Andres. „Intégration des aspects énergétiques dans la conception du projet architectural : une approche méthodologique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14749/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to the French energy efficiency target for 2020, the building industry is moving towards "positive energy". These new challenges require the integration of new components to architectural and technical aspects, as well as a break in the methods of design and evaluation of the project. But the research for energy efficiency depends of digital measurement instruments which are not adapted to the design process of architects, which results in the difficulty of consistency between architectural and energy performance targets.The objective of this work is to analyze the complexity of integrating energy issues in the design process, to propose a methodological approach which optimizes energy efficiency. To address these issues, we propose to analyze and reconstruct the design process from a methodological point of view, later to study the optimization of energy performance using digital tools.The study of the design process shows the impact of the energy component and its important role in the early stages of the design process. The methodological analysis of energy issues shows the interrelation between general principles and design decisions. The formulation of a design strategy using a methodological tool allows us to propose an approach for optimizing the energy performance based on the morphological structure of the building.This approach opens new methodological perspectives in the design of positive energy buildings. The complexity of the relationship between energy, the morphology of buildings and the use of digital tools would be changing the design process in architecture and the future organization of urban complexes
De acuerdo con los objetivos de eficiencia energética para el año 2020 en Francia, la industria de la construcción se dirige hacia las construcciones de "energía positiva". Estos nuevos desafíos exigen la integración de nuevos componentes a los aspectos arquitectónicos y técnicos del proyecto, así como una ruptura en sus métodos de diseño y evaluación. Pero la optimización de la eficiencia energética depende del uso de herramientas digitales de medición que usualmente no se encuentran adaptadas al proceso de diseño arquitectónico, lo que dificulta la coordinación entre el proyecto arquitectónico y los aspectos energéticos.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la complejidad de la integración de la componente energética en el proceso de diseño, proponiendo un enfoque que permita optimizar la eficiencia energética. Para estudiar este tema, se propone analizar y reconstruir el proceso de diseño del arquitecto desde un punto de vista metodológico, para abordar posteriormente la problemática de la optimización de la eficiencia energética a través de herramientas digitales.El estudio del proceso de diseño muestra el impacto de la energía y su importancia de las primeras etapas del proceso de diseño. El análisis metodológico de los aspectos energéticos muestra la interrelación entre los temas principales y las decisiones de diseño. La formulación de una estrategia de diseño utilizando una herramienta metodológica permite proponer un enfoque para la optimización de la eficiencia energética basado en la estructura morfológica del edificio.Este enfoque abre nuevas perspectivas metodológicas en el diseño de edificios de energía positiva. La complejidad de las relaciones entre la energía, la morfología de los edificios y el uso de herramientas digitales estarían cambiando el proceso de diseño y la organización futura de los complejos urbanos
Arcaya, Jordan Alexis. „Optimisation de la consommation énergétique sous contrainte de QoS pour des lunettes connectées intelligentes“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA growing number of physical objects are being connected to the Internet at an unprecedented rate realizing the idea of the Internet of Things (IoT). Wearables are a class of IoT devices worn on the body that can detect and process physiological signals. A wearable can then give bio-feedback to the wearer or send information to the cloud for further analysis. In this context, the Ellcie-Healthy start-up is developing an intelligent and connected eyewear solution with the aim at improving the user’s quality of life and to prevent risks for their health and safety. To do so, several sensors are integrated into the wearable eyeglass to collect and send physical, physiological and environmental information towards a gateway, typically a smartphone. Designing wearable devices deals with numerous challenges such as the energy consumption, the quality of service (QoS) and the scalability, to cite only a few. Several design constraints, such as the autonomy and QoS, must be addressed early in the design flow to ensure the wearable device will meet the user requirements. In this PhD thesis, we propose a simulation flow based on a system-level modeling approach to help designers making the best choices of hardware/software settings early in the design phase. To do so, we have first developed analytical power models for the Ellcie Healthy smart glasses. These models, built from data measured on the real platform, allow estimating the average power consumption of the system, and so the battery lifetime, for different application scenarios. Then, performance constraints have also been considered in our system-level approach. The drowsiness detection application, developed at Ellcie Healthy, has been profiled to identify the hardware and software configurations impacting the most the energy consumption and the application QoS, i.e. the detection performance. A solution based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been proposed to further improve the drowsiness detection QoS. We have also demonstrated that it is possible to execute this CNN at the edge (i.e. on a micro-controller). A battery testbench has also been developed to evaluate battery safety conditions as well as the aging phenomenon. Using this experimental platform, a significant amount of information on the battery charge/discharge process has been collected. A data-driven battery model has been proposed and validated. All these models have been integrated into a simulation framework which allows modeling and simulating existing or future versions of the smart connected glasses. Using this framework, designers can rapidly investigate trade-offs between hardware and/or software settings, as well as study system autonomy and application QoS. In addition, this simulation flow can be used to evaluate power management strategies from a high-level point of view
Kaptue, Tchuente Armel. „Cartographie des écosystèmes et paramètres biophysiques satellitaires pour l'étude des flux hydriques sur le continent africain“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/994/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of climate change, the aim of this study is to characterize the heterogeneity of the African continent in order to provide some elements to better understand and quantify surfaces process acting on hydric fluxes. This work is intented to update the double ECOCLIMAP-I database which is constituted by a land cover map and a dassets of land biophysical parameters. To this end, we use remotely sensed data acquired by the latest generation sensors MODIS and SPOT/VEGETATION between 2000 and 2007. During the first step, two methods of classifications has been developed for the mapping of different ecosystems. The first method, which is supervised, is obtained by combining information provided by the both global land cover map GLC2000 and ECOCLIMAP-I using an interactive analysis of MODIS leaf area index (LAI). It has been performed in the framework of the AMMA project to discriminate ecosystems over the western African Region. The second method is hybrid in that it combines k-NN clustering, hierarchical principles and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the basis of multi-annual NDVI data from SPOT/VEGETATION to identify ecosystems at the whole African continent. Then, methods for the estimation of land surface biophysical variables such as albedo, fractional vegetation cover and leaf area index has been developed and/or applied over the mainland. A statistical approach allows us to determine the contribution of bare soil albedo and vegetation albedo to the constitution of albedo as required in land surface models. After the application of the latter approach over the western african region, we demonstrate the robustness of the method by applying it over the entire mainland. The sensitivity of two land surface scenarios was studied by analysing two simulations with the same atmospheric forcing over the western African Region:one using the ECOCLIMAP-I classification and another using the new physiographic forcing specifically developed over the western African region. Heat and latent flux are mainly driven by the fractional vegetation coverage. The land surface model ISBA can be used to predict the impact of land cover change and accordingly the anthropic pressure on hydric fluxes