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Thematische Bibliographien / Indians of north america – colonization / Zeitschriftenartikel

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Indians of north america – colonization“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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1

Wiemers, Serv. „The International Legal Status of North American Indians After 500 Years of Colonization“. Leiden Journal of International Law 5, Nr. 1 (Februar 1992): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001990.

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Next year, the ‘discovery’ of America by Columbus, 500 years ago, will be commemorated. The discovery of America started a time of colonization for the original inhabitants, the Indians. Since the 1970s an Indian movement has emerged in North America demanding the Indians' ‘rightful place among the family of nations’. This article contains a survey of the current international legal position of Indians in North America. Wiemers holds that international legal principles, developed in the decolonization context, are applicable to the North American Indian population. The right of a people to selfdetermination is the most discussed one.

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2

Allen, Robert C., Tommy E. Murphy und Eric B. Schneider. „The Colonial Origins of the Divergence in the Americas: A Labor Market Approach“. Journal of Economic History 72, Nr. 4 (14.12.2012): 863–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000629.

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This article introduces the Americas in the Great Divergence debate by measuring real wages in various North and South American cities between colonization and independence, and comparing them to Europe and Asia. We find that for much of the period, North America was the most prosperous region of the world, while Latin America was much poorer. We then discuss a series of hypotheses that can explain these results, including migration, the demography of the American Indian populations, and the various labor systems implemented in the continent.

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3

Shrestha, Ravi Kumar. „The Impact of Western Civilization on Forests in Barkskins“. Pursuits: A Journal of English Studies 7, Nr. 1 (08.06.2023): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pursuits.v7i1.55389.

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This research article very critically scrutinizes how forests in North America are devastated by the growing human civilization. It deals with ecological degradation in an American novelist Annie Proulx’s novel Barkskins whose location is North America. In course of analysing the novel critically, the article describes how Barkskins revolves round the story of white colonists and indigenous Indians in North America or today’s Canada. Firstly, it reveals how two families: Sel family (a poor biracial family of French and Mi’kmaq) that cuts trees and Duke family (rich French family) that does business of fur are linked to trees and deforestation. Secondly, the article focuses on the impact of western civilization on forests regarding forests as the antagonist to western civilization. Western colonialism is also a vehicle of civilization that causes deforestation. Due to civilization, humanism is developed. So, anthropocentric nature of people causes deforestation. Thirdly, European civilization has a negative impact on Indigenous people and their culture. Apparently, forests are shown as a symbol of darkness, evil forces, backwardness and an obstacle for human progress, but in the name of civilization, whites do deforestation due to their greed of colonization and anthropocentric nature. Hence, the first objective of the research is to explore why the whites regard forests as the antagonist to civilization. Likewise, the second objective of the article is to discover the real cause of them to do deforestation. Besides, as for the broad theoretical methodology, Greg Garrard’s theory of Ecocriticism is applied for the textual analysis of Barkskins since the article deals with the ecological destruction of North America by whites and ecocriticism has emerged as a response to the heavy damage done to ecology by human beings.

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Schneider, Tsim D. „Placing Refuge and the Archaeology of Indigenous Hinterlands in Colonial California“. American Antiquity 80, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2015): 695–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.4.695.

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Indigenous negotiations of European colonialism in North America are more complex than models of domination and resistance reveal. Indigenous people—acting according to their own historically and culturally specific ways of knowing and being in the world—developed strategies for remaking their identities, material choices, and social configurations to survive one or multiple phases of colonization. Archaeologists are making strides in documenting the contingencies and consequences of these strategies, yet their focus is often skewed toward sites of contact and colonialism (e.g., missions and forts). This article examines places of refuge for native people navigating colonial programs in the San Francisco Bay area of California. I use a resistance-memory-refuge framework to reevaluate resistance to Spanish missions, including the possible reoccupation of landscapes by fugitive orfurloughed Indians. Commemorative trips to shellmounds and other refuges support the concept of an indigenous hinterland, or landscapes that, in time, provided contexts for continuity and adjustment among Indian communities making social, material, and economic choices in the wake ofmissionization. By viewing colonialism from the outside in, this reoriented approach can potentially enhance connections between archaeological and Native American communities.

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Kraft, Clifford E., und Ladd E. Johnson. „Regional differences in rates and patterns of North American inland lake invasions by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, Nr. 5 (01.05.2000): 993–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-037.

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Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have spread rapidly in North America by dispersal within connected bodies of waters. This study provides the first systematic evaluation of rates of zebra mussel dispersal to inland lakes separated from source populations by functional dispersal barriers. Plankton samples were examined for this exotic species from 140 lakes during a 3-year period (1995-1997). Infestations were detected in 19% of lakes surveyed: seven of 28 Indiana lakes (25%), 15 of 49 Michigan lakes (31%), but only five of 63 Wisconsin-Illinois lakes (8%). Annual rates of infestation varied from 0 to 12%·year-1 among the three regions. Wisconsin-Illinois lake infestations were only detected in 1995 and 1996, whereas new Indiana and Michigan infestations were detected in all three years. Lakes with surface areas less than 100 ha had lower infestation rates than larger lakes. Incidental sightings of inland lake colonization within the study region qualitatively supported observed regional differences in rates and spatial patterns of colonization. These results demonstrate that the spread of zebra mussels into inland lakes is not occurring as rapidly as through connected waterways, and rates of inland lake colonization vary according to regional conditions and lake size.

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6

Parham, Vera. „“These Indians Are Apparently Well to Do”: The Myth of Capitalism and Native American Labor“. International Review of Social History 57, Nr. 3 (13.09.2012): 447–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901200051x.

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SummaryIn many histories of Native Americans it seems that the original inhabitants of the Americas have become obscured in the national mythology of colonization. People who do not fit into the liberal capitalist notion of individualism and economic development simply vanish from the annals of history. Even histories focused specifically on Native Americans cover relatively little of Indian responses to capitalist development. Yet, in the Pacific north-west, the story is not written so simply; Native Americans responded creatively and eagerly to new economic systems through participation in wage labor and the development of business ventures. This response allowed indigenous people in the region to prosper while protecting culture and tradition.

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7

Bagsby, Kelly, und Krystal Hans. „Lucilia silvarum Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Is a Primary Colonizer of Domestic Cats (Felis catus)“. Insects 15, Nr. 1 (04.01.2024): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15010032.

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Lucilia silvarum Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is widespread throughout North America and Europe. Described in 1826, this blow fly was quickly associated with myiasis in amphibians, and to date has rarely been reported in carrion. There is limited data regarding the time of colonization of animals with fur and the interpretation of this data is difficult due to variation in the animal models used. During an examination of initial insect colonization of cats (Felis catus) with light and dark fur, twelve domestic short-haired cats were placed in cages 15.2 m apart in a grassy field in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Eggs from initial oviposition events were collected and reared to identify the colonizing species. Three species of Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae), including L. silvarum, colonized the cats on the initial day of placement. In this study, L. silvarum was the primary colonizer of cats, and this may be the first study where a large number of L. silvarum were collected. Further studies should include development studies on L. silvarum to understand its life history and aid in time of colonization estimations. More work regarding the colonization of furred mammals is needed to further examine L. silvarum as a primary colonizer.

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8

Basharat, Shahnai, Ayesha Khalid, Aiman Sohail, Khadija Abdul Wahab, Muhammad Ali, Areesha Omer, Aleena Qureshi, Raida Nadeem, Huma Sajjad und Sanabil Anmol. „Therapeutic effect of cranberry active components on E.coli urinary tract adhesions: A review“. MOJ Food Processing & Technology 9, Nr. 2 (28.09.2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2021.09.00264.

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Cranberry (Vaccinium spp.) has been used by North American Indians to treat many medicinal properties. It is also recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) which is caused by adhesion of bacteria called Escherichia coli. We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effect of cranberry in preventing the adhesion of E. coli in the urinary tract. Cranberry appears to work by inhibiting the adhesion of type I and P-fimbriated Escherichia coli to the uroepithelium, thus hinder the colonization and upcoming infections. Adhesion is prevented by 2 ingredients of cranberries: laevulose that prevents binding of type 1 fimbriae and pro-anthocyanidins, which prevents p- fimbriae binding. The anti-adherent effect began in 2 hours and remains for up to 10 hours after consumption. These results suggest that cranberry can be an effective in preventing and treating urinary tract infections; however, larger high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Montgomery, Lindsay M. „A Rejoinder to Body Bags: Indigenous Resilience and Epidemic Disease, from COVID-19 to First “Contact”“. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 44, Nr. 3 (01.07.2020): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.44.3.montgomery.

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Since January of 2020, the number of deaths in Indian country due to COVID-19 has steadily grown, bringing into stark relief the destructive effects of disease epidemics on historically marginalized communities. For Indigenous peoples, the ravages of the ongoing pandemic are part of a broader epidemiological history of devastation set in motion by European colonization. The robust body of historical and anthropological scholarship which has emerged to document the impacts of infectious disease on Indigenous people has typically reinforced settler-colonial narratives of disappearance and culture loss. Although we cannot deny the tragic and long-term consequences of foreign pathogens on the peoples of the Americas, Indigenous communities have creatively responded to and survived disease outbreaks. Drawing on ethnographic and oral historical sources, this article documents some of the strategies employed by Indigenous people across North America to explain and treat episodic viral spread from the seventeenth into the twenty-first centuries. Tracing the culturally grounded methods of disease management employed by Indigenous groups over time highlights the resiliency of Tribal nations during the ongoing coronavirus crisis.

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10

Jackson, Robert H. „Demographic Change in Northwestern New Spain“. Americas 41, Nr. 4 (April 1985): 462–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007352.

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The process of Spanish colonization in Northwestern New Spain, here roughly defined as Sonora and the Californias, set into motion a complex set of factors that contributed to demographic change; absolute population decline among the Indian groups involved, the growth of a largely mestizo settler population, and a number of different types of social and economic interactions between the two populations. Scholars in recent years have debated the causes and the nature of change. Alfred Crosby established a framework for the debate in his provocative book entitled The Columbian Exchange, which discusses, as the sub-title implies, the consequences of interaction between the Old and New Worlds after 1492. In a recent study Henry Dobyns elaborated on one of Crosby's principal themes, the introduction and impact of Euro-Asiatic diseases, and prepared a chronology of epidemics between the sixteenth and early twentieth centuries that affected Native American populations. Dobyns applied his “epidemic mortality” model to Florida and calculated both a high contact population and the rate of population loss due to each of the major epidemics. The model when applied to all of North America has major implications for our understanding of the course of Native American history. In a recent bibliographic article historical demographer Shelia Johansson cast doubt on the high contact population estimates and the degree of demographic collapse.

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11

Miller, Matthew J., Eldredge Bermingham und Robert E. Ricklefs. „Historical Biogeography of the New World Solitaires (Myadestes SPP)“. Auk 124, Nr. 3 (01.07.2007): 868–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.3.868.

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Abstract Solitaires (Myadestes spp.) are montane-forest birds that are widely distributed throughout the New World, ranging from Alaska to northern Bolivia and including both Hawaii and the West Indies. To understand the origins of this impressive distribution, we used five mitochondrial gene sequences to reconstruct the historical biogeography of the genus. The resulting phylogeny indicates a rapid initial spread of the genus to occupy most of its contemporary continental range at least as far south as lower Mesoamerica, plus Hawaii and the Greater Antilles. The North American M. townsendi appears to be the sister taxon of the rest of Myadestes. Myadestes obscurus of Hawaii is more closely allied to Mesoamerican lineages than to M. townsendi. The strongly supported sister relationship of the two West Indian taxa, M. elisabeth and M. genibarbis, indicates a single colonization of the West Indies. A more recent node links the Andean M. ralloides to the Mesoamerican M. melanops and M. coloratus. A standard molecular clock calibration of 2% sequence divergence per million years for avian mitochondrial DNA suggests that the initial diversification of Myadestes occurred near the end of the Miocene (between 5 and 7.5 mya). Cooler temperatures and lower sea levels at that time would have increased the extent of montane forests and reduced overwater dispersal distances, possibly favoring range expansion and colonization of the West Indies. The split between South American and southern Mesoamerican lineages dates to ∼3 mya, which suggests that Myadestes expanded its range to South America soon after the Pliocene rise of the Isthmus of Panama. Despite the demonstrated capacity of Myadestes for long-distance dispersal, several species of Myadestes are highly differentiated geographically. Phylogeographic structure was greatest in the West Indian M. genibarbis, which occurs on several islands in the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles, and in the Andean M. ralloides. The phylogeographic differentiation within M. ralloides was not anticipated by previous taxonomic treatments and provides a further example of the importance of the Andes in the diversification of Neotropical birds. Overall, the historical biogeography of Myadestes suggests that range expansion and long-distance dispersal are transient population phases followed by persistent phases of population differentiation and limited dispersal. Biogeografía Histórica de los Zorzales del Género Myadestes

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12

Field, Shannon N., Rosalin M. Miles und Darren E. R. Warburton. „Linking Heart Health and Mental Wellbeing: Centering Indigenous Perspectives from across Canada“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, Nr. 21 (01.11.2022): 6485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216485.

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Indigenous peoples have thrived since time immemorial across North America; however, over the past three to four generations there has been a marked increase in health disparities amongst Indigenous peoples versus the general population. Heart disease and mental health issues have been well documented and appear to be interrelated within Indigenous peoples across Canada. However, Western medicine has yet to clearly identify the reasons for the increased prevalence of heart disease and mental health issues and their relationship. In this narrative review, we discuss how Indigenous perspectives of health and wholistic wellness may provide greater insight into the connection between heart disease and mental wellbeing within Indigenous peoples and communities across Canada. We argue that colonization (and its institutions, such as the Indian Residential School system) and a failure to include or acknowledge traditional Indigenous health and wellness practices and beliefs within Western medicine have accelerated these health disparities within Indigenous peoples. We summarize some of the many Indigenous cultural perspectives and wholistic approaches to heart health and mental wellbeing. Lastly, we provide recommendations that support and wholistic perspective and Indigenous peoples on their journey of heart health and mental wellbeing.

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13

Gibson, Kevin D., Patricia M. Quackenbush, Nancy C. Emery, Michael A. Jenkins und Eileen J. Kladivko. „Invasive Earthworms and Plants in Indiana Old- and Second-Growth Forests“. Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, Nr. 1 (März 2013): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00046.1.

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AbstractHardwood forests in eastern North America are being colonized by multiple nonnative plant and animal species. Colonization rates can be affected by stand structure and distance from edge. We sampled earthworm densities and understory plant species cover in transects located in paired old- and second-growth forests in Indiana. Two 100-m transects were established within each forest stand during late April to early May in each year. One transect was placed parallel to and within 5 m of a south- or west-facing edge. The second transect was placed parallel to the first. but at no less than 100 m from any edge. Nonnative earthworms and plants were found in forest edge and interior regardless of structural stage (second-growth vs. old-growth). The number of native plant species decreased linearly as the densities of adult Lumbricus and Aporrectodea earthworms and the percent cover of multiflora rose (an invasive plant species) increased. Densities of L. terrestris and Aporrectodea earthworms and percent cover of multiflora rose cumulatively explained 39% of the variation in the number of native plant species found in transects across the state. However, multivariate analyses suggested that the species composition of Indiana understory plant communities was affected more by geography than by earthworm densities. Our results suggest that nonnative earthworms and plants are ubiquitous in Indiana hardwood forests and that they may reduce the number of native plant species.

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14

Smith-Peter, Susan. „Russian Colonization in North America“. Russian Studies in History 54, Nr. 1 (02.01.2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2015.1082332.

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15

Eid, Leroy V. „"National" War Among Indians of Northeastern North America“. Canadian Review of American Studies 16, Nr. 2 (Mai 1985): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras-016-02-01.

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16

Morrison, Kenneth M. „Indians of Northeastern North America. Christian F. Feest“. History of Religions 29, Nr. 1 (August 1989): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/463181.

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17

Lacki, Michael J., Luke E. Dodd, Rickard S. Toomey, Steven C. Thomas, Zachary L. Couch und Barry S. Nichols. „Temporal Changes in Body Mass and Body Condition of Cave-Hibernating Bats During Staging and Swarming“. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 6, Nr. 2 (01.01.2015): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042015-jfwm-033.

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Abstract The rapid colonization of the Pseudogymnoascus destructans fungus across cave systems in eastern North America and the associated bat mortalities (white-nose syndrome; WNS), necessitates studies of cave-hibernating bats that remain unaffected by, or in close proximity to, the leading edge of the fungal distribution to provide baseline predisturbance data from which to assess changes due to fungal effects. Studies of the physiological ecology of cave-hibernating bats during the spring staging and autumn swarming seasons are few, and an understanding of patterns in body condition of bats associated with entry into and emergence from hibernation is incomplete. We sampled bats at the entrance to a cave in Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, during swarming and staging, prior to (2011 and 2012), concurrent with (2013), and following (2014) the arrival of the WNS fungus. We evaluated seasonal and annual changes in body mass and body condition of bats entering and leaving the cave. We captured 1,232 bats of eight species. Sex ratios of all species were male-biased. Capture success was substantially reduced in 2014, following the second winter after arrival of the WNS fungus. Significant temporal variation in body mass and body mass index was observed for little brown bats Myotis lucifugus, northern long-eared bats M. septentrionalis, and tri-colored bats Perimyotis subflavus, but not Indiana bats M. sodalis. Little brown bats and northern long-eared bats demonstrated significant increases in mean body mass index in 2014; this pattern likely reflected a relatively better body condition in bats that survived exposure to the WNS fungus. Most species demonstrated highest body mass and body mass index values in late swarming compared with other sampling periods, with tri-colored bats showing the greatest percent increase in body mass (42.5%) and body mass index (42.9%) prior to entering hibernation. These data indicate significant intraspecific variation in body condition of cave-hibernating bat species, both among years and between the seasons of autumn swarming and spring staging. We suggest this variation is likely to have implications for the relative vulnerability of species to WNS infection across the distribution of the Pseudogymnoascus fungus.

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18

Jordan, Terry G. „Preadaptation and European Colonization in Rural North America“. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 79, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1989): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1989.tb00273.x.

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19

Leone, Catherine L. „American Indian Autobiographies for Teaching “Indians of North America”“. Teaching Anthropology: Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges Notes 4, Nr. 2 (Juni 1997): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tea.1997.4.2.11.

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Prins, Harald E. L. „Review: Games of North America Indians by Stewart Culin“. Explorations in Ethnic Studies ESS-14, Nr. 1 (01.08.1994): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ess.1994.14.1.16.

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21

Botelho, Tarcisio R. „Labour Ideologies and Labour Relations in Colonial Portuguese America, 1500–1700“. International Review of Social History 56, S19 (26.08.2011): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859011000435.

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SummaryDuring the two first centuries of Portuguese colonization in America there was an intense debate about the legitimacy of enslaving Africans and Indians. In Portuguese America, the mission to spread the Christian faith was connected with the subjection of populations on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean to an ideology that considered labour as God's punishment for Adam's sin. In that sense, the justification of the unfree labour inflicted upon Indians and Africans in Portuguese America was a product of the same ideology, one that condemned manual work as rendering a man dishonourable. The purpose of this article is to review the debate from its medieval origins in Portugal, and to examine what effect the arrival of the Jesuits in America had on that debate, until the final prohibition of Indian enslavement in the mid-eighteenth century, documented by letters, reports, and sermons.

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Tyquiengco, Marina, und Monika Siebert. „Are Indians in America's DNA?“ Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture 8 (30.10.2019): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2019.288.

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A conversation between Dr. Monika Siebert and Marina Tyquiengco on: Americans National Museum of the American Indian January 18, 2018–2022 Washington, D.C. Monika Siebert, Indians Playing Indian: Multiculturalism and Contemporary Indigenous Art in North America. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2015.

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Lal, Brij V. „The Odyssey of Indenture: Fragmentation and Reconstitution in the Indian Diaspora“. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 5, Nr. 2 (September 1996): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.5.2.167.

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“Indians are ubiquitous,” reports the Calcutta newspaper The Statesman on 5 August 1980. According to this article, there were then only five countries in the world where Indians “have not yet chosen to stay”: Cape Verde Islands, Guinea Bissau, North Korea, Mauritania, and Romania. Today, according to one recent estimate, 8.6 million people of South Asian origin live outside the subcontinent, in the United Kingdom and Europe (1.48 million), Africa (1.39 million), Southeast Asia (1.86 million), the Middle East (1.32 million), Caribbean and Latin America (958,000), North America (729,000), and the Pacific (954,000) (Clarke et al. 2).

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Greer, Allan. „Commons and Enclosure in the Colonization of North America“. American Historical Review 117, Nr. 2 (April 2012): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.117.2.365.

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O’Brien, Michael J., Briggs Buchanan und Metin I. Eren. „Clovis Colonization of Eastern North America: A Phylogenetic Approach“. STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research 2, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20548923.2016.1183920.

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26

Dixon, Jim. „Vicariant models for the initial colonization of North America“. Quaternary International 285 (Februar 2013): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.10.011.

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27

Amick, Daniel S. „Evolving views on the Pleistocene colonization of North America“. Quaternary International 431 (Februar 2017): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.030.

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O'Brien, Michael J., und Briggs Buchanan. „Cultural learning and the Clovis colonization of North America“. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 26, Nr. 6 (November 2017): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/evan.21550.

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29

Billington, Neil, Paul D. N. Hebert und Robert D. Ward. „Allozyme and Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Three Species of Stizostedion (Percidae): Phylogenetic and Zoogeographical Implications“. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, Nr. 6 (01.06.1990): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-126.

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The percid genus Stizostedion consists of five species, three in Europe and two in North America, and is believed to have evolved in Europe and then later colonized North America. Three hypotheses exist concerning the route and timing of this colonization: a Miocene Atlantic "riverine" route; a Pliocene Beringian route; and a late-Pleistocene Atlantic route. To test these hypotheses, allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation were compared in three Stizostedion species, S. canadense and S. vitreum from North America, and S. lucioperca from Europe, to determine their genetic relatedness. Divergence times between S. canadense and S. vitreum were estimated as 3.12 ± 1.33 million years before present (MYBP) from allozyme data and 4.06 ± 0.73 MYBP for mtDNA data, while divergence times between the North American species and S. lucioperca were 10.59 ± 2.74 MYBP and 7.86 ± 1.18 MYBP, respectively. These results are concordant with the hypothesis that colonization of North America by Stizostedion occurred during the Pliocene via Beringia.

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Slater, Sandra. „Book ReviewPeace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands. By Juliana Barr. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.Gender, Race and Religion in the Colonization of the Americas. Edited by Nora E. Jaffary. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007.“ Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 34, Nr. 2 (Januar 2009): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591192.

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Приходько-Кононенко, І. О., М. С. Винничук, О. С. Васильєва, Т. В. Пристав und М. І. Маслікова. „ХУДОЖНЬО-КОМПОЗИЦІЙНІ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ КОСТЮМА НАРОДІВ ПІВНІЧНОЇ АМЕРИКИ ЯК ТВОРЧЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО ДЛЯ РОЗРОБКИ КОЛЕКЦІЇ ОДЯГУ“. Art and Design, Nr. 4 (03.02.2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2019.4.12.

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To determine the artistic and compositional features of ethnic costume of the peoples of North America for design-projection of the modern collections of women`s clothes. The visual-analytical and the literary-analytical methods, as well as the method of synectics, etc. are used. Based on the analysis of artistic and compositional solutions for ethnic costumes of the peoples of North America, in particular, Crow, Creek, Navaho, Pancho and Pueblo, their inherent elements and decorations are identified, and the possibility of their use as a creative source for the designing of modern collections of clothes in ethnic style, using the latest fashion trends and the draping method, is presented. Compositional and constructive, and decorative solutions for the models of women`s clothes are systematized in accordance with the fashion trends of the SS 19/20 season; specific artistic and compositional elements of the ethnic costume of the Indians of North America are distinguished; possible types of finishing are described, and their application in design-projecting of the collections of clothes are presented. Artistic-design and constructive-technological solutions for the models of women`s clothes using the artistic and compositional elements of the national costume of the Indians of North America are developed.

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Mancall, Peter C., und Thomas Weiss. „Was Ecomomic Growth Likely in Colonial British North America?“ Journal of Economic History 59, Nr. 1 (März 1999): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700022270.

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Conventional wisdom holds that output per capita in colonial British America increased between 0.3 and 0.6 percent per year. Our conjectural estimates challenge this view, suggesting instead that such growth was unlikely. We show that the most likely rate of economic growth was much lower, probably close to zero. We argue further that to understand the performance of the colonial economy it is necessary to include the economic activity of Native American Indians. When this is done, we estimate that the economy may have grown at the rate suggested by previous researchers.

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Matijasic, Thomas D. „Reflected Values: Sixteenth-Century Europeans View the Indians of North America“. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 11, Nr. 2 (01.01.1987): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.11.2.t673126m83676x40.

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34

O’Brien, Michael. „Setting the Stage: The Late Pleistocene Colonization of North America“. Quaternary 2, Nr. 1 (21.12.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2010001.

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The timing of human entrance into North America has been a topic of debate that dates back to the late 19th century. Central to the modern discussion is not whether late Pleistocene-age populations were present on the continent, but the timing of their arrival. Key to the debate is the age of tools—bone rods, large prismatic stone blades, and bifacially chipped and fluted stone weapon tips—often found associated with the remains of late Pleistocene fauna. For decades, it was assumed that this techno-complex—termed “Clovis”—was left by the first humans in North America, who, by 11,000–12,000 years ago, made their way eastward across the Bering Land Bridge, or Beringia, and then turned south through a corridor that ran between the Cordilleran and Laurentide ice sheets, which blanketed the northern half of the continent. That scenario has been challenged by more-recent archaeological and archaeogenetic data that suggest populations entered North America as much as 15,300–14,300 years ago and moved south along the Pacific Coast and/or through the ice-free corridor, which apparently was open several thousand years earlier than initially thought. Evidence indicates that Clovis might date as early as 13,400 years ago, which means that it was not the first technology in North America. Given the lack of fluted projectile points in the Old World, it appears certain that the Clovis techno-complex, or at least major components of it, emerged in the New World.

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Reed, Gerard, Jaap Lintvelt, Real Ouellet und Hub Hermans. „Culture and Colonization in North America: Canada, United States, Mexico.“ Journal of American History 82, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1995): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945138.

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Silverman, S. M. „The earliest recorded aurora in North America since European colonization“. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 67, Nr. 7 (Mai 2005): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.01.002.

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37

Orr, Yancey, und Raymond Orr. „Imagining American Indians and Community in Southeast Asia“. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 12, Nr. 2 (03.07.2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v12i1.1113.

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Although geographically distant, the histories of Indigenous North America and Southeast Asia contain a series of parallels in colonial experience. This article traces these historical similarities between these two geographic regions in colonial and counter-colonial movements. It then focuses on American Indians and Indigenous communities in the Philippines and Indonesia perceptions of one another, recorded during fieldwork by the authors in Southeast Asia and the U.S. Additionally, it elaborates on the similarities between these two groups in expressions of solidarity and sympathy as parts of settler-societies. Beyond views of dispossession, these communities placed importance on one another’s environmental stewardship, retention of community in the context of a “modernising” settler society, and government-to-government relationships that are often eclipsed by settler societies who perceive Indigenous populations as racial minorities rather than self-determined polities. This analysis provides a greater understanding of how Indigenous groups in North America and Southeast Asia understand each other’s experiences.

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Watkins, Joe E. „Beyond the Margin: American Indians, First Nations, and Archaeology in North America“. American Antiquity 68, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557080.

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In North America, American Indians and First Nations have often been at odds with archaeologists over the status of their relationships, about who should have control over research designs and research questions, the interpretation of information about past cultures, and the ways past cultures are represented in the present. While the influence of the voice of Indigenous Nations in the discipline has risen, in many ways their voices are as stifled now as they were in the 1960s. This paper gives an American Indian perspective on the current practice of archaeology in North America and offers suggestions for improving relationships.

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Koegel, John. „Spanish and French Mission Music in Colonial North America“. Journal of the Royal Musical Association 126, Nr. 1 (2001): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/126.1.1.

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Despite the many negative aspects of European colonization endured by indigenous peoples throughout North America, music served as a powerful and positive force. This study demonstrates that musical life in the Franciscan and Jesuit missions throughout Spanish North America was fully developed, was a most important part of the evangelization process, and involved music similar to that performed in other mission areas in Spanish America. Musical life in New France and Louisiana is summarized here to show that the French operated a parallel system of musical evangelization and that the establishment of French settlements in North America corresponded in certain ways to Spanish practices.

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Kough, J. L., Randy Molina und R. G. Linderman. „Mycorrhizal responsiveness of Thuja, Calocedrus, Sequoia, and Sequoiadendron species of western North America“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, Nr. 6 (01.12.1985): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-170.

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Four western conifers inoculated or not inoculated with three species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were grown in pasteurized soil and maintained at 11 or 43 ppm phosphorus. Compared with controls, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization increased biomass more of younger than older seedlings. In young seedlings, species with large seeds responded less to phosphate addition or vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization than smaller seeded species. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings with low phosphorus were always larger than noninoculated low phosphorus controls and comparable in size or larger than nonmycorrhizal controls at moderate phosphorus. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal plants produced from 100 to 2000% more biomass than noninoculated plants at low phosphorus, and from equality to 500% at moderate phosphorus. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species did not differ in plant growth enhancement or root colonization at any seedling age or phosphorus fertility examined. Tree species' responsiveness ranged as follows: Thujaplicata > Sequoiasempervirens > Calocedrusdecurrens > Sequoiadendrongiganteum. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced seedling uniformity and size in all the tree species.

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Ruiz-García, Manuel, Myreya Pinedo-Castro und Joseph Mark Shostell. „Comparative phylogeography among eight Neotropical wild cat species: no single evolutionary pattern“. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 135, Nr. 4 (18.02.2022): 754–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab170.

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Abstract The felid species of South America are thought to have arrived on the continent during the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) in the Pleistocene. However, molecular and palaeontological data do not agree on how this event affected speciation in felids. Here, we determine both the number of colonization events and the period when felines first migrated from North America to South America. In addition, we evaluate whether similar evolutionary events could have affected the eight Neotropical cat species in their levels of genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and demographic changes. We analysed four concatenated mitochondrial genes of the jaguar, ocelot, margay, tigrina, pampas cat, Andean cat, puma and jaguarundi. The samples were representative of a wide distribution of these species in Central and South America. Our analysis suggests either three or four colonization events from North America to South America over the past 3 Myr, followed by subsequent speciation events and the attainment of high or very high genetic diversity levels for seven of the species. No unique evolutionary process was detected for any of the current Neotropical cat species.

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Bhatti, Shaheena Ayub, Ghulam Murtaza und Aamir Shehzad. „Revisiting Paul Kanes Wanderings of an Artist Among the Indians of North America“. Global Language Review IV, Nr. II (31.12.2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2019(iv-ii).13.

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Paul Kanes paintings and sketches which form the basis of Wanderings of an Artist, were made with the aim of presenting an “extensive series of illustrations of the characteristics, habits and scenery of the country and its inhabitants.” However, a careful and detailed reading of his paintings and writings show that he actually violated the trust that the American Indians placed in him by depicting false images. Working in the background of Lasswells theory of propaganda this study seeks to demonstrate how the images and writings that he created, fulfilled no purpose, other than that of propaganda. The essay takes as its base the short fiction of Sherman Alexies Scalp Dance by Spokane Indians and attempts to show through the text how Kane, in reality, violated the trust that the American Indian tribes placed in him, by allowing him to photograph them in various poses and at various times of the day and year.

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Sewell-Coker, Beverly, Joyce Hamilton-Collins und Edith Fein. „Social Work Practice with West Indian Immigrants“. Social Casework 66, Nr. 9 (November 1985): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948506600907.

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When West Indians come to live in North America, they encounter conflicting values. The resulting stress may lead to dysfunctional reactions, particularly in regard to parent-child relationships. Agency workers report on the program they developed to help such immigrants.

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Churchill, Ward. „A Breach of Trust: The Radioactive Colonization of Native North America“. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 23, Nr. 4 (01.01.1999): 23–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.23.4.w66221q604409252.

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Downes, J. A. „THE POST-GLACIAL COLONIZATION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC ISLANDS“. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S144 (1988): 55–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120144055-1.

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AbstractThe paper discusses the nature and origins of the present-day insect faunas of Greenland, Iceland, and the Faeroes in relation to those of North America and Europe. The markedly warm-adapted faunas of the Early Tertiary were modified or eliminated as the climate cooled from the Oligocene onward to the Pleistocene glaciations. The Wisconsinan glaciation peaked about 20 000 years ago, and then gave way rapidly to the arctic and cool temperate climates of the present, and the North Atlantic islands thus became habitable again but separated by wide expanses of northern seas. At most only a few strongly arctic-adapted species could have persisted through the Pleistocene and no land bridges from the continents have existed since the Early Miocene, 20 million years ago.Southern Greenland, Iceland, and the Faeroes have been colonized across sea passages from the adjacent continents, mainly by air but partly by sea, during the postglacial period (ca. 10 000 years). The faunas are all young, with no endemic species among about 2000 in all; the faunas are not arctic but distinctly subarctic, mainly of the High and Low Boreal life zones, and derived from these life zones of North America or Europe. The naturally established faunas are small or very small, less than 14% of the corresponding continental faunas, and are obviously disharmonic, with some groups absent across the North Atlantic, e.g. Culicidae, Tabanidae, Tachinidae, Papilionoidea, aculeate Hymenoptera (except Bombus sp.). This indicates a severe "sweepstakes" route. The lack of Tachinidae is noteworthy because their hosts are plentiful, and indicates dispersal by air, with adult Tachinidae, unlike adult Lepidoptera, unable to make the journey; dispersal by a land bridge would offer parasites and hosts an equal opportunity. Aerial transport is indicated also by the high proportion of migrant species (of Lepidoptera) in the island faunas, and the arrival in Surtsey (a new volcanic island) of almost 25% of the Icelandic fauna in 12 years. The Surtsey observations suggest that the Icelandic fauna is preadapted to aerial dispersal, by selection during its journey from Europe.The fauna of southern Greenland is derived partly from boreal America and partly from boreal Europe. The North American moiety becomes vestigial in Iceland and the Faeroes and does not reach Europe. Iceland and the Faeroes have been populated from northwestern Europe, especially Britain and Scandinavia. A few species extend to southern Greenland and thence, or even directly, reach North America, and have thus completed a post-glacial traverse of the North Atlantic.The fauna of North Greenland differs fundamentally from all the above. It is a high arctic fauna, nearly identical with the high arctic fauna in Canada, and thus complete, not disharmonie, though very small by virtue of its high arctic nature. It has encountered no "sweepstakes" dispersal. North Greenland is separated from High Arctic Canada only by a narrow channel which permits winter dispersal by wind across unbroken sea ice. Biologically, North Greenland is part of the North American High Arctic, and although certain species (e.g. mosquitoes and butterflies) may extend somewhat into southern Greenland, it has not contributed to the basic faunas of the North Atlantic islands.Among other problems, the extreme variability in wing pattern of many Lepidoptera in Iceland, the Faeroes, and Shetland is also commented on.

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Haynes, Gary, Cliff Boyd und Maripat Metcalf. „Book Reviews: Northwest Carving Traditions, The Lost Cities of the Mayas: The Life, Art, and Discoveries of Frederick Catherwood, Tutankhamun: The Eternal Splendor of the Boy Pharaoh, Clovis Revisited: New Perspectives on Paleoindian Adaptations from Black-water Draw, New Mexico, Native Visions: Evolution in Northwest Coast Art from the Eighteenth through the Twentieth Century, Handbook of the North American Indians, Volume 12: Plateau, Bones, Boats, and Bison: Archaeology and the First Colonization of Western North America, The Settlement of the Americas: A New Prehistory, Time Before History: The Archaeology of North Carolina, Grasshopper Pueblo: A Story of Archaeology and Ancient Life“. North American Archaeologist 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 2002): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m5c5-3w9v-29va-kvmg.

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Li Xuan, Li Xuan. „First Russian Circumnavigation and Colonization of Russian America (1803–1806)“. Humanitarian Vector 18, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2023): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2023-18-3-175-184.

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The article analyzes the organization, implementation and impact of the first Russian circumnavigation from 1803 to 1806 from the point of view of Russian America. The Great Northern Expedition discovered Bering Island, the Aleutian Islands and Alaska, laying the foundation for the Russian colonization of the North Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, hunters and fur traders went east through Siberia to the northern Pacific Ocean to hunt for fur animals, they developed the fur trade and founded colonial settlements. In 1803, the Russian government and the Russian-American Company jointly planned and undertook Russia’s first circumnavigation. Russia’s only overseas colony, Russian America, was one of the main travel destinations. Neva, headed by Yu. F. Lysianskyi, stayed in the colonies from July 1804 to September 1805. N. P. Rezanov, manager of the Russian-American Company and chief secretary of the Governing Senate, who visited Japan on Nadezhda, also visited Russian America from May 1805 to July 1806. The sailors stopped the war initiated by the Tlingits in Russian America, eliminated the shortcomings of the policy of the Russian-American Company regarding the natives, developed education in the colonies and established trade from Russian America to California. These activities not only consolidated colonial rule, strengthened Russia’s military power in the North Pacific, and promoted the trade of the Russian-American Company but also heralded the gradual strengthening of government control over the overseas colonies and had a lasting and profound effect on the colonization of Russian America.

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Lloyd, Joel. „George Catlin's Geology“. Earth Sciences History 10, Nr. 1 (01.01.1991): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.10.1.q83165576xx16047.

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George Catlin, the noted Nineteenth Century painter of American Indians had a deep interest in geology which, in the late years of his life, was to lead him far astray. He wrote a strange little book, entitled The Lifted and Subsided Rocks of America, that was published by Trubner & Co. of London in 1870. In that work Catlin hypothesized that under the great mountain chains of North and South America there existed subterranean vaults, through which tumultuous rivers ran, debouched in the Gulf of Mexico, and intermingled to become the Gulf Stream. The fury of this torrent flung American Indians, clinging to driftwood and rafts, as far as the coasts of Europe.

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Probasco, Nate. „Cartography as a Tool of Colonization: Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 Voyage to North America*“. Renaissance Quarterly 67, Nr. 2 (2014): 425–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677407.

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AbstractAn analysis of Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s 1583 expedition to North America, which was England’s first attempt at colonization beyond Britain, shows that the nation’s earliest expansionists perceived the significance of maps in supporting colonization. Gilbert recruited several specialists, including John Dee and Richard Hakluyt, who expended considerable time and resources conducting research for their maps and drawing up plans to survey the colony. A thorough examination of Gilbert’s sea chart and terrestrial maps clarifies how his circle used them to promote the expedition, to guide it to North America, and to assert their control over the territory. Scholars often depict early modern English colonizers as having little interest in cartographic materials, but Gilbert and his supporters proved that maps served a number of vital functions in preparing and executing a colonizing expedition.

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McGrath, Eileen. „North Carolina Books“. North Carolina Libraries 68, Nr. 1 (21.03.2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v68i1.320.

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Compiled by Eileen McGrath, the following books are included: The North Carolina Gazetter: A Dictionary of Tar Heel Places and Their History; Becoming Elizabeth Lawrence: Discovered Letters of a Southern Gardener; The Southern Mind under Union Rule: The Diary of James Rumley; A Day of Blood: The 1898 Wilmington Race Riot; Kay Kyser: The Ol' Professor of Sing! America's Forgotten Superstar; Haven on the Hill: A History of North Carolina's Dorothea Dix Hospital; Middle of the Air; Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity, and the Making of a Nation; Cow across America; Real NASCAR: White Lightning, Red Clay, and Big Bill France; 27 Views of Hillsborough: A Southern Town in Prose & Poetry; Twelve by Twelve: A One Room Cabin off the Grid and beyond the American Dream; and Down Home: Jewish Life in North Carolina.

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