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Tixier, Paul, Mary-Anne Lea, Mark A. Hindell, Christophe Guinet, Nicolas Gasco, Guy Duhamel und John P. Y. Arnould. „Killer whale (Orcinus orca) interactions with blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica) longline fisheries“. PeerJ 6 (08.08.2018): e5306. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5306.
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Over the past five decades, marine mammal interactions with fisheries have become a major human-wildlife conflict globally. The emergence of longline fishing is concomitant with the development of depredation-type interactions i.e., marine mammals feeding on fish caught on hooks. The killer whale (Orcinus orca) is one of the species most involved in depredation on longline fisheries. The issue was first reported in high latitudes but, with increasing expansion of this fishing method, other fisheries have begun to experience interactions. The present study investigated killer whale interactions with two geographically isolated blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica) fisheries operating in temperate waters off Amsterdam/St. Paul Islands (Indian Ocean) and south-eastern Australia. These two fisheries differ in the fishing technique used (vertical vs. demersal longlines), effort, catch, fleet size and fishing area size. Using 7-year (2010–16) long fishing and observation datasets, this study estimated the levels of killer whale interactions and examined the influence of spatio-temporal and operational variables on the probability of vessels to experience interactions. Killer whales interactions occurred during 58.4% and 21.2% of all fishing days, and over 94% and 47.4% of the fishing area for both fisheries, respectively. In south-eastern Australia, the probability of occurrence of killer whale interactions during fishing days varied seasonally with a decrease in spring, increased with the daily fishing effort and decreased with the distance travelled by the vessel between fishing days. In Amsterdam/St. Paul, this probability was only influenced by latitude, with an increase in the southern part of the area. Together, these findings document two previously unreported cases of high killer whale depredation, and provide insights on ways to avoid the issue. The study also emphasizes the need to further examine the local characteristics of fisheries and the ecology of local depredating killer whale populations in as important drivers of depredation.
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Sathianandan, T. V., Kolliyil Sunil Mohamed, Jayaraman Jayasankar, Somy Kuriakose, K. G. Mini, Eldho Varghese, P. U. Zacharia et al. „Status of Indian marine fish stocks: modelling stock biomass dynamics in multigear fisheries“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, Nr. 5 (05.05.2021): 1744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab076.
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Abstract A biomass dynamics modelling study to derive biological reference points and management requirements of 223 commercially important fish stocks in different maritime states of India was conducted. Two decades (1997–2016) of fishery-related data on the harvest of resources by different types of fishing fleets formed the input. The multigear nature of the fishery situation was solved by introducing a gear standardization parameter into the biomass dynamics model. The relative positions of the fish stocks were depicted through Kobe plots generated for the ten maritime states/union territory, and the fish stocks were categorized, based on the status, into sustainable, overfished, recovering, and overfishing. The results indicate that 34.1% of the assessed fish stocks in the country are sustainable, 36.3% are overfished, 26.5% are recovering, and 3.1% are in the overfishing status. Regionally, the percentage of sustainable fish stocks were high along the southwest coast (51.6%), overfished stocks were high along the northwest coast (54.2%), and recovering fish stocks were high along the northeast coast (47.8%). The national mean B/BMSY was estimated as 0.86, which is a strong reason for strengthening fisheries management. Fishing fleets harvesting overfished stocks were examined for each maritime state, and recommendations regarding reduction in annual fishing hours are made.
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Rahman, Berri Miraz Kholipah, Wazir Mawardi, Muhammad Fedi Alfiadi Sondita und Craig Proctor. „Estimation of Plastic and Other Waste Disposed of by Longline and Gillnet Fleets Operating from Cilacap“. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 27, Nr. 2 (08.01.2022): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.141-150.
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Tuna-fishing boats based at the Cilacap Oceanic Fishing Port are potential contributors to marine debris in the Indian Ocean. Without a quantitative assessment of the types and amount of debris, port management cannot develop a strategy to address this problem. This study estimated the quantities of plastics and cartons disposed of by these fisheries in the Indian Ocean. Data were collected through observations and interviews with boat managers/owners or fishermen in the port, from August to November 2019, to evaluate the boat supplies loaded on board in the port and the waste returned to the port. The marine disposal per fishing trip (the difference between the quantity of supplies taken to sea and the quantity of waste returned to port) was calculated for 89 trips of gillnet and longline boats, for a size range of 20 to 90 GT. There was no at-sea disposal of used engine oil, rice plastic sacks, styrofoam boxes, nor plastic gallon bottles. Other plastics and cartons from consumable packaging were disposed of at sea. The estimates of the plastic waste disposed were 0.8-4.4 kg.boat-1.trip-1 or 2,143-12,024 pieces.boat-1.trip-1 while the estimates of the cartons disposed were 3.5-19.4 kg.boat-1.trip-1 or 203-1,140 pieces.boat-1.trip-1. The study concluded that fishers could easily keep the waste onboard for disposal on return to port. In addition, port management should initiate a system in which the amounts of waste returned to boats returning to port are considered in granting future port clearance to those boats.
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Prem Monickaraj, Vigilson, Sterlin Rani Devakadacham, Nithyadevi Shanmugam, Nithya Nandhakumar, Manjunathan Alagarsamy und Kannadhasan Suriyan. „Deep learning and machine learning classification technique for integrated forecasting“. IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 13, Nr. 2 (01.06.2024): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v13.i2.pp1519-1525.
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Smart fisheries are increasingly using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to increase their sustainability. The potential fishing zone (PFZ) forecasts several fish aggregation zones throughout the duration of the prediction in any sea. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and random forest model are used in the current study to provide a technique for locating viable fishing zones in deep marine seas. A significant amount of data was gathered for the database's creation, including monitoring information for Indian fishing fleets from 2017 to 2019. Using expert label datasets for validation, it was discovered that the model's detection accuracy was 98%. Our method uses salinity and dissolved oxygen, two crucial markers of water quality, to identify suitable fishing zones for the first time. In the current research, a system was created to identify and map the quantity of fishing activity. The tests use a number of parameter measurements to evaluate the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) approach to machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methodologies. The findings showed that the CECT had a 94% accuracy rate compared to a convolutional neural network's 92% accuracy rate for the 80% training data and 20% testing data.
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Ramenzoni, Victoria C. „Endenese Fisheries: Exploratory Findings on Environmental Perceptions, Fish Effort, and Overfishing in Eastern Indonesia“. Ethnobiology Letters 4 (08.03.2013): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.4.2013.8.
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Fishing fleets in South East Asia have recently experienced unprecedented expansion. Consequently, catches and regional diversity have dramatically decreased throughout the Indian Ocean. Regional governments and conservation organizations blame the local fishermen and their use of damaging fishing practices for the present state of resources. However, many of these institutions endorse a narrow perspective on bioeconomic governance and human action (rational action choice) that compromises the understanding of resource use and exploitation among small-scale fisheries. Over the last few decades, there is a growing recognized tradition that points to the importance of ecological systems of knowledge, uncertainty representation, and traditional skills, in conceptualizing processes of environmental decision-making and the likelihood of introducing successful sustainability practices. In line with this perspective, this article presents preliminary findings regarding resource use decision-making processes among Endenese fishing villages in central Flores Island, Indonesia. Grounded on 22 months of ethnographic, experimental and ecological research (semistructured interviews, participant observation, visual surveys, probability and uncertainty assessments), and exploring local cognitive representations of marine processes, climate, ichthyology and the role of luck, this article discusses the current economic representations of small-scale fishers as avid maximizers. It concludes by emphasizing the need to further explore the role of mental models and beliefs regarding uncertainty in motivating fishing effort to design adequate conservation and governance programs.
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Fernando, Daniel, und Joshua D. Stewart. „High bycatch rates of manta and devil rays in the “small-scale” artisanal fisheries of Sri Lanka“. PeerJ 9 (08.09.2021): e11994. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11994.
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Background Expanding fisheries in developing nations like Sri Lanka have a significant impact on threatened marine species such as elasmobranchs. Manta and devil (mobulid) rays have some of the most conservative life history strategies of any elasmobranch, and even low to moderate levels of bycatch from gillnet fisheries may lead to significant population declines. A lack of information on life history, demographics, population trends, and fisheries impacts hinders effective management measures for these species. Method We report on mobulid fishery landings over nine years between 2011 and 2020 across 38 landing sites in Sri Lanka. We collected data on catch numbers, body sizes, sex, and maturity status for five mobulid species. We used a Bayesian state-space model to estimate monthly country-wide catch rates and total annual landings of mobulid rays. We used catch curve analyses to estimate total mortality for Mobula mobular, and evaluated trends in recorded body sizes across the study period for M. mobular, M. birostris, M. tarapacana and M. thurstoni. Results We find that catch rates have declined an order of magnitude for all species across the study period, and that total annual captures of mobulid rays by the Sri Lankan artisanal fishing fleet exceed the estimated annual captures of mobulids in all global, industrial purse seine fisheries combined. Catch curve analyses suggest that M. mobular is being fished at rates far above the species’ intrinsic population growth rate, and the average sizes of all mobulids in the fishery except for M. birostris are declining. Collectively, these findings suggest overfishing of mobulid ray populations in the northern Indian Ocean by Sri Lankan artisanal fisheries. We recommend strengthening the management of these species through improved implementation of CITES, CMS, and regional fisheries management actions. In addition, we report on the demographic characteristics of mobulids landed in Sri Lanka and provide the first record of M. eregoodoo in the country.
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Rousseau, Yannick, Reg A. Watson, Julia L. Blanchard und Elizabeth A. Fulton. „Evolution of global marine fishing fleets and the response of fished resources“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, Nr. 25 (28.05.2019): 12238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820344116.
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Previous reconstructions of marine fishing fleets have aggregated data without regard to the artisanal and industrial sectors. Engine power has often been estimated from subsets of the developed world, leading to inflated results. We disaggregated data into three sectors, artisanal (unpowered/powered) and industrial, and reconstructed the evolution of the fleet and its fishing effort. We found that the global fishing fleet doubled between 1950 and 2015—from 1.7 to 3.7 million vessels. This has been driven by substantial expansion of the motorized fleet, particularly, of the powered-artisanal fleet. By 2015, 68% of the global fishing fleet was motorized. Although the global fleet is dominated by small powered vessels under 50 kW, they contribute only 27% of the global engine power, which has increased from 25 to 145 GW (combined powered-artisanal and industrial fleets). Alongside an expansion of the fleets, the effective catch per unit of effort (CPUE) has consistently decreased since 1950, showing the increasing pressure of fisheries on ocean resources. The effective CPUE of most countries in 2015 was a fifth of its 1950s value, which was compared with a global decline in abundance. There are signs, however, of stabilization and more effective management in recent years, with a reduction in fleet sizes in developed countries. Based on historical patterns and allowing for the slowing rate of expansion, 1 million more motorized vessels could join the global fleet by midcentury as developing countries continue to transition away from subsistence fisheries, challenging sustainable use of fisheries' resources.
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Biton Porsmoguerador, Sebastián. „Análisis de la pesca española en el Atlántico noreste 1980-2012: Papel de Galicia en la explotación de las principales especies marinas“. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 52, Nr. 2 (18.10.2019): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2017.52.2.1991.
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The Spanish fishing fleet is one of the most important in the European Union and is exploiting marine resources in the FAO area 27 (North-eastern Atlantic Ocean). The Galician Region has a relevant role in the fishing industry. The number of boats decreased significantly between 1980 and 2012. But the landing quantities of the main marine species exploited (small pelagic fishes and tuna species mainly) decreased faster that the fleet during the same period. In contrast, landing quantities of Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) and Cephalopods increased. This analysis shows the overexploitation of the Atlantic fishing grounds.
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Biton Porsmoguerador, Sebastián. „Análisis de la pesca española en el Atlántico noreste 1980-2012: Papel de Galicia en la explotación de las principales especies marinas“. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 52, Nr. 2 (18.10.2019): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2017.52.2.1991.
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The Spanish fishing fleet is one of the most important in the European Union and is exploiting marine resources in the FAO area 27 (North-eastern Atlantic Ocean). The Galician Region has a relevant role in the fishing industry. The number of boats decreased significantly between 1980 and 2012. But the landing quantities of the main marine species exploited (small pelagic fishes and tuna species mainly) decreased faster that the fleet during the same period. In contrast, landing quantities of Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) and Cephalopods increased. This analysis shows the overexploitation of the Atlantic fishing grounds.
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Wally, Naglaa, Nabil Abdel-Hakeem und Ahmed Eldimiri. „Economic Efficiency for Egyptian Marine Fishing Fleet Exploitation“. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 12, Nr. 4 (01.09.2008): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2008.2005.
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Pham, Christopher K., Angela Canha, Hugo Diogo, João G. Pereira, Rui Prieto und Telmo Morato. „Total marine fishery catch for the Azores (1950–2010)“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, Nr. 3 (19.02.2013): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst024.
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Abstract Pham, C. K., Canha, A., Diogo, H., Pereira, J. G., Prieto, R., and Morato, T. 2013. Total marine fishery catch for the Azores (1950–2010). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 564–577. Official fishery statistics often fail to report what has been truly extracted from the marine environment. Therefore, in this study, we estimated illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) catch in the context of a small-scale fishery (the Azores) and provide an improved compilation of official catches, including whaling. Reconstructed removals during 1950–2010 total 1.10 million t (95% CI, 1.06–1.16 million t), a factor of 1.17 higher than the amount reported in Azorean official statistics. Unreported catches were attributed to foreign fishing activities (27%), recreational fishing (25%), discards from the demersal fishing fleet (21%), baitfish for the pole-and-line tuna fishery (11%), discards from pelagic longlining (7%), local pelagic fleet landing outside the Azores (3%), coastal invertebrate harvesting (6%), and big-game fishing (0.1%). The overall low level of unreported catches compared to other locations might reflect the small-scale nature of the fisheries, the geographic isolation of the islands, and the small size of its community.
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Manning, Diana L., Martin M. Parsons und Lou Weaver. „A CFR 1910 SOLUTION TO A MOBILE AND CHANGING WORK FORCE“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, Nr. 1 (01.05.2005): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-355.
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ABSTRACT Ship Escort Response Vessel System (SERVS) has a large contingency of fishing vessels, from Alaska coastal communities, on contract for specialized oil spill response. To Hazwoper train this vast, mobile and changing work force meant a 24-hour Hazwoper class and yearly refreshers for all crewmembers. SERVS found it difficult to keep records current on this mobile workforce. Federal Occupational Safety Health Association (OSHA) and SERVS made an alliance allowing SERVS to teach 24-hour Marine Hazwoper. The 24-hour Marine Hazwoper format keeps the fishermen current each year without the annual refresher or the detailed tracking of the 24-hour Hazwoper. The 24-hour Marine Hazwoper gives SERVS the flexibility to meet our Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 1910 training demands and to directly structure the skills training. SERVS wanted to develop a training program, which met Federal Regulations, was easy to track, and maintained a well-trained fishing vessel fleet. SERVS, Federal and Alaska State OSHA developed a training regiment for SERVS and the Fishing Vessel Program. During the annual Fishing Vessel Training each spring and fall the fishermen are given 5 hours of classroom training. Four hours are devoted to regulatory requirements related to spills. The fifth hour builds on training they have already had or on a new subject. The remaining 20 hours are spent on water, training the fishing fleet in oil spill tactics. SERVS has two methods of checking the fleet's proficiency. The Equipment Proficiency Matrix allows SERVS to keep a detailed accounting of the equipment each fishing vessel/fishermen has operated. The Hazwoper Evaluation Matrix allows SERVS to evaluate each unit in the various on-water activities, assuring compliance with OSHA. The first roll out of 24 Hour Marine Hazwoper was Fall 2003. It successfully met the requirements of CFR 1910. The 24 Hour Marine Hazwoper could be the answer to compliance of Federal Regulation for many organizations and companies, which are challenged by a mobile and changing workforce. The 24 Hour Marine Hazwoper meets the needs of SERVS vast, mobile and changing fishing vessel fleet, which keeps our Fishing Vessel Program in compliance.
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Maiss, Arthur, Natalia Maiss, Yana Blinovskaya und Maria Vysotskaya. „Fishing fleet waste and its impact on the marine environment“. HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ECOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, Nr. 72 (19.10.2023): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33933/2713-3001-2023-72-512-524.
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Mills, Stella. „Fishing Skippers' Perceptions of Integrated Electronic Marine Systems“. Journal of Navigation 61, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2008): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330800489x.
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Integrated electronic marine systems are becoming part of the numerous screens which are to be found on ships' bridges and in wheelhouses of fishing vessels. This paper continues previous work which has focussed on perceived safety aspects of integrated electronic marine systems, in particular, a small study completed within the last two years which showed that some fishing skippers had negative perceptions of integrated electronic marine systems. This present study uses semi-structured interviews with skippers in the United Kingdom fishing fleet to show that integrated electronic marine systems can be perceived as increasing safety as well as being of good value in terms of need and cost. It is possible that such perceptions are dependent on experiencing the use of integrated electronic marine systems within off-shore trawling.
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Liu, Nengye. „China“. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 36, Nr. 1 (09.10.2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10018.
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Abstract This article examines China’s legislation on distant water fishing as a flag State, which has significant impact on the conservation of marine living resources in the world ocean. After briefly discussing internal and external pressures that the Chinese authorities are facing, the article provides an overview of the latest series of regulations for China’s distant water fishing fleet. It pays particular attention to the adoption of and compliance with the 2020 Rules on the Management of Distant Water Fishing.
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Widodo, Agustinus Anung, und Mahiswara Mahiswara. „CATCH RATE AND CATCH COMPOSITION OF FISH TRAWL BASED IN SIBOLGA, NORTH SUMATERA“. Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 17, Nr. 2 (09.02.2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.17.2.2011.63-73.
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To obtain data and information of fish trawl fishery performance operated in the Indian Ocean, a research was carried out through observation on board by observers as well as port sampling inSibolga Fishing Port by enumerators in September 2007, with the aimed to study the performance fish trawl fishery. These include fleet structure, trawl net design and construction, catch, fishing trip, fishing ground, and fishing operation. Results of research showed that there were 71 registered fish trawlers in Sibolga Fishing Port and only 25 boats active due to increasing of fuel price. The fleet structure of fish trawler consist of boat with size 31-114 GT which can be classified into 3 categories i.e. small(<60 GT), medium (60-150 GT), and large fish trawler (>150 GT). Design and construction of fish trawl net indicated that fish trawl net operates in the Indian Ocean was high opening trawl with head and ground rope of 27.8-41.5 m and 29,7-45.8 m, respectively. Fishing trip generally 10-12 days with effective days 7-9 days per trip and the number of net setting was 5-6 times each day. The fishing grounds of fish trawl based in Sibolga were the coastal waters area with maximum depth of 91 m. At least 40 species of fishes and shrimps identified during research and dominant fish species was ponyfish (Leiognathus spp.) threadfin bream (Nemipterus spp.), tall fin goatfish (Upeneus spp.), seacatfish (Arius sp.) as well as yellow striped goatfish (Upeneus vitattus). The average of catch of fish trawler fleet in the year of 2007 was 249.3 kg/haul and that number seems smaller than average of catch/haul previous years. This situation indicates that decreasing of catch per haul of fish trawlers based in Sibolga continues occurring and in other hand price of fuel raises significantly so that big fish trawlers size 150 GT with engine power more than 600 HP are not able to continue their fishing operation.
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Purwanto, Purwanto, und Wudianto Wudianto. „PERKEMBANGAN DAN OPTIMISASI PRODUKSI PERIKANAN LAUT DI INDONESIA“. Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 3, Nr. 2 (01.02.2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.3.2.2011.81-99.
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Tulisan ini menjelaskan perkembangan kegiatan penangkapan dan produksi perikanan laut Indonesia pada kurun waktu 22 tahun terakhir. Jumlah dan daya tangkap armada perikanan laut telah berkembang pesat dan menghasilkan peningkatan produksi perikanan. Perkembangan produksi tersebut cenderung melambat pada 10 tahun terakhir dan mendekati level-off, namun volume produksi ikan tersebut tidak mencapai tingkat optimalnya. Beberapa permasalahan yang menyebabkan capaian sub-optimal tersebut antara lain adalah terjadinya overcapacity pada armada perikanan yang berdampak terjadinya overfishing, struktur armada perikanan yang didominasi perahu dan kapal berskala kecil yang beroperasi tidak jauh dari pantai menggunakan alat tangkap dengan selektivitas rendah, dan adanya praktek penangkapan ikan secara ilegal. Permasalahan lainnya adalah karakteristik sumberdaya ikan yang terdiri dari banyak species yang bermigrasi ke dan/atau dimanfaatkan bersama oleh nelayan dari daerah atau negara yang berbeda. Pengendalian upaya penangkapan ikan dalam kerangka pengelolaan perikanan dengan mempertimbangkan hal-hal tersebut perlu dilakukan untuk optimisasi produksi lestari. Pilihan pengendalian untuk masing-masing wilayah pengelolaan perikanan dijelaskan pada tulisan ini.This paper describes the development of fishing activities and marine fisheries production of Indonesia during the last 22 year period. The number and fishing power of fishing fleet increased considerably, resulting in higher quantity of marine fisheries production. The growth of the production tends to be slower in the last decade approaching a level-off. However, the quantity of production was much lower than the optimal level. Some problems causing this suboptimal achievement included overcapacity of fishing fleet resulting in overfishing, domination of the fishing fleet by small-scale boats operating less selective fishing gears in the waters close to coastal areas, and illegal fishing practices. Another problem was multispecies nature of fisheries, with some fishery resources migrated to and/or were shared amongst fishers from different districs, provinces or countries. Control of fishing effort in the fisheries management famework taking into account these matters should be conducted in order to optimise sustainable production. Alternative control measures for each fisheries management area are explained here.
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KAVADAS, S., I. MAINA, D. DAMALAS, I. DOKOS, M. PANTAZI und V. VASSILOPOULOU. „Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis as a tool to extract fishing footprints and estimate fishing pressure: application to small scale coastal fisheries and implications for management in the context of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive“. Mediterranean Marine Science 16, Nr. 2 (09.01.2015): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1087.
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In the context of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive and with the intention of contributing to the implementation of a future maritime spatial plan, it was decided to analyze data from the small scale coastal fisheries sector of Greece and estimate the actual extent of its activities, which is largely unknown to date. To this end we identified the most influential components affecting coastal fishing: fishing capacity, bathymetry, distance from coast, Sea Surface Chlorophyll (Chl-a) concentration, legislation, marine traffic activity, trawlers and purse seiners fishing effort and no-take zones. By means of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) conducted through a stepwise procedure, the potential fishing footprint with the corresponding fishing intensity was derived. The method provides an innovative and cost-effective way to assess the impact of the, notoriously hard to assess, coastal fleet. It was further considered how the inclusion of all relevant anthropogenic activities (besides fishing) could provide the background needed to plan future marine activities in the framework of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and form the basis for a more realistic management approach.
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Briones-Mendoza, Jesús, Klever Mendoza-Nieto, José Alió, Erick Muñoz-Cedeño, Marcela Garcìa-Zambrano und Joshue Flores-Bailon. „New finding and description of the Galapagos batfish, Ogcocephalus darwini (Actinopterygii: Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae), in marine waters of Manabi, Ecuador“. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 52, Nr. 3 (23.09.2022): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/aiep.52.86543.
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The finding of a specimen of the Galapagos batfish, Ogcocephalus darwini Hubbs, 1958 in marine waters of continental Ecuador was recorded. The specimen was captured by the artisanal fishing fleet that operates with bottom longlines in Las Piñas fishing cove, Manta Municipality, Manabí province, Ecuador. The specimen was transferred to the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Marine Sciences of the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, where morphometric data were taken for its identification. Until now, the species was considered endemic to the Galapagos, but it had been reported off northern Peru and now from the Ecuadorian continental shelf.
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Cadiou, Gwenaël, Charles F. Boudouresque, Patrick Bonhomme und Laurence Le Diréach. „The management of artisanal fishing within the Marine Protected Area of the Port-Cros National Park (northwest Mediterranean Sea): a success story?“ ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, Nr. 1 (01.12.2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn188.
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Abstract Cadiou, G., Boudouresque, C. F., Bonhomme, P., and Le Diréach, L. 2009. The management of artisanal fishing within the Marine Protected Area of the Port-Cros National Park (northwest Mediterranean Sea): a success story? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 41–49. The Port-Cros National Park, France (northwest Mediterranean Sea), established in 1963, is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) where, unlike no-take areas, artisanal fishing has been permitted (except trawling), owing to social and economic pressures. Nevertheless, restrictions on artisanal fishing have increased through a fishing charter (1999). In the meantime, recreational fishing was progressively banned, which has helped as a management tool to make the restrictions on artisanal fishing acceptable in social terms. Monitoring of the artisanal fishing (2000–2005) reveals the stability of the fishing fleet (9–13 vessels); of the fishing effort [number of fishing sets per day between 3.4 (±2.1) and 6.9 (±3.4) in spring, and 3.0 (±1.7) and 5.2 (±2.7) in summer]; and of yields [catch per unit effort between 1.27 (±0.72) and 1.68 (±1.44) kg 100 m of net−1 d−1]. Furthermore, based on an analysis of available data, artisanal fishing does not jeopardize the conservation objectives of the MPA, so that, from 1963 to date, the issue has changed from “What can be done to ban commercial fishing?” to “Is there any reason to ban commercial fishing?”.
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Duarte, Rafael, Manuela Azevedo und Manuel Afonso-Dias. „Segmentation and fishery characteristics of the mixed-species multi-gear Portuguese fleet“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, Nr. 3 (19.02.2009): 594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp019.
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Abstract Duarte, R., Azevedo, M., and Afonso-Dias, M. 2009. Segmentation and fishery characteristics of the mixed-species multi-gear Portuguese fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 594–606. Fleet segmentation and knowledge of fishing fleet dynamics are essential to move from single species to fishery/fleet-based advice. The coastal mixed-species multi-gear Portuguese fleet comprises medium-sized (>12 m) vessels, using a diversity of passive gears, and is economically important. For hake (under a recovery plan) and monkfish (overexploited), it contributes >50% to their total annual landings. Commercial daily landings in 2005 from 271 vessels were analysed by region using non-hierarchical cluster analysis and multivariate regression trees. The cluster analysis allowed the identification of regional fleet segments with a low mixture of species throughout the year. The multivariate regression trees were applied to clusters of vessels with a high mixture of species, to explain weekly landing profiles (species) by vessel technical characteristics, fishing license, and main landing port. The results showed a link between exploited species and geographic location, and in the north between vessel size and depth and an inshore/offshore range. Finally, from the analysis and for the most important species exploited by the Portuguese multi-gear fleet, it was possible to define two or three vessel groups that accounted for at least 50% of the landed value.
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Bastos, GC, und M. Petrere Jr. „Small-scale marine fisheries in the municipal district of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil“. Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, Nr. 4 (November 2010): 947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000500005.
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The objective of this paper is to describe the main characteristics of small-scale marine fisheries in the municipal district of Florianópolis (SC), the capital city of the state of Santa Catarina. We give information about the most captured species, the fishing fleet and fishing gear used. The dynamics of the activity is described, considering the kind of operation of the boats, alongside post-capture procedures. The analyses were accomplished in two types of fishing communities: the one composed of fishers that fish in bays (North and South) and those who fish in the open sea. Numeric differences were observed among these two fishing areas, indicating the existence of two different fleets operating in the area. Differences between the two fishing areas were detected, considering the species caught, the harvest time and the fishing gear used. The open sea fishers have boats with dimensions, engine power, number of crew and fuel consumption numerically higher than those working in bays, indicating the existence of two distinct fleets operating in the region.
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Poos, J. J., F. J. Quirijns und A. D. Rijnsdorp. „Spatial segregation among fishing vessels in a multispecies fishery“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, Nr. 1 (12.08.2009): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp219.
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Abstract Poos, J. J., Quirijns, F. J., and Rijnsdorp, A. D. 2010. Spatial segregation among fishing vessels in a multispecies fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 155–164. Individual decisions of fishers on where to fish in heterogeneous environments may shape the relation between fishing effort and fishing mortality. Fishers may be viewed as individual foragers, whose decisions are aimed at optimizing short-term gain, as in ideal free distribution (IFD) theory. Although IFD assumes all foragers to be equal, they are likely to differ in competitive abilities for different prey types or target species. Here, we present an IFD-like model of a fishing fleet consisting of two components with different competitive abilities for two target species, showing that spatial segregation can result from unequal interference competition, but also in the absence of interference competition. Differences in catch efficiency between vessels for target species in combination with differences in the spatial distribution of target species can result in spatial segregation among vessel groups. The theoretical results are used to interpret the observed spatial segregation of two components within the Dutch beam trawl fleet using observations from a vessel monitoring by satellite system. However, this study cannot pinpoint which of the processes included in the theoretical model is the prime cause of the segregation within the Dutch beam trawl fleet.
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Gugun Gunawan, Ari Purbayanto und Iin Solihin. „The Purse Seine Fleet Compliance strategy to Fishing Regulations at Nizam Zachman Fishing Port, Jakarta“. Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 12, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.v12i1.33916.
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Importer countries of Indonesian fishery products, such as European Union countries (EU) and the United States (USA), are very concerned about the treacebility of fishery products, which lead to some rejection of fishery products obtained from illegal, unreported and unregulated activities (IUU Fishing) in NZFPJ. Approximately 231 vessels, 121 of it are purseiners, conducted fishing operations outside permitted fishing areas and at least 42 vessels were moored outside their assigned fishing ports. Considering the number of violations, this study is aiming at formulating strategies to improve compliance level of fishing vessels. Data from the case study were analyzed using Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats (SWOT) method and Quantitative Strategic Planning Management (QSPM). The results showed that strategies to improve the compliance of purseiners to fishing regulations in NZFPJ are by developing an integrated fishing vessel monitoring system with relevant agencies conducting law enforcement in the field of marine and fishery. In addition, reward and punishment scheme along with education for fishermen and businessmen are required to improve awareness. Lastly, there is need to provide facilities and training to support the monitoring activities.
Keywords: IUU fishing, NZFPJ, inspection.
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Kamal, Eni. „KONDISI USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP PASCA GEMPA DI SUMATERA BARAT“. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 12, Nr. 1 (01.06.2011): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v12i1.208.
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Earthquake that occurred in the area of West Sumatera, especially the earthquake that occurred repeatedly since 2004 to 2009 has greatly impacted to the progress and development of fishing effort in seven districts that have sea area in West Sumatera. This study aims to assess the marine business conditions after the earthquake in West Sumatra for can be considered to make policy in the management of fishing effort further. Marine fisheries statistics data indicate that there has been a decline in the number of fishermen postearthquake from 2005 to 2009 as 22.49 percent, the decline in capture fisheries production to 16.12 percent and a decrease in the fishing fleet to 23.89 percent. In resource management and development strategies in the field of maritime affairs and fisheries, it is important to make a comprehensive policy after the earthquake in West Sumatra.
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Van Iseghem, Sylvie, Emmanuelle Quillérou, Cécile Brigaudeau, Claire Macher, Olivier Guyader und Fabienne Daurès. „Ensuring representative economic data: survey data-collection methods in France for implementing the Common Fisheries Policy“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, Nr. 8 (05.08.2011): 1792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr112.
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Abstract Van Iseghem, S., Quillérou, E., Brigaudeau, C., Macher, C., Guyader, O., and Daurès, F. 2011. Ensuring representative economic data: survey data-collection methods in France for implementing the Common Fisheries Policy. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1792–1799. Since 2001, Ifremer has implemented an economic data collection programme (EDCP) within the Data Collection Framework of the EU. It aims to obtain economic data from a sample of vessels representative of the entire French fishing fleet. This paper presents the strategies used for vessel sampling selection in the French EDCP and its implementation over several consecutive years. The approach is illustrated by the sampling plan for the fleet in the North Sea Channel Atlantic region. We show that the EDCP allows precise economic indicators such as gross revenue or fuel costs to be estimated for the whole fishing fleet, including small vessels (<10 m), and consequently, it facilitates sound scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy. The apparent underestimation of landings by small vessels in official statistics is highlighted.
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Surov, Oleg E., Maksim V. Kitaev, Ekaterina E. Solovieva, Vitaly A. Veselov und Dmitry V. Tyuftyaev. „Analysis of main dimensions and characteristics of fishing vessels“. Russian Journal of Water Transport, Nr. 72 (20.09.2022): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37890/jwt.vi72.273.
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Fishing vessels are one of the most numerous and popular types of vessels of the fishing fleet of the Russian Federation. Fishing vessels provide food security of the country and contribute to employment in fishery areas and processing of marine biological resources, design, construction, operation, repair and modernization of fishery vessels. The existing fishery vessels of Russian Federation are largely morally and physically obsolete. The average age of this type of vessels is 30-35 years, which has a significant impaction on frequency repairs and reduces of their technical and economic performances. In this regard, the question arises of replenishing the fishing fleet with new types of vessels using advanced methods for their design. The development of mathematical models of fishing vessels allows, at the initial stages of their design, to perform the detailed analysis of their economic efficiency under given operating conditions. At first for the models development it is necessary to have the analytical dependencies which are connected of their main dimensions with design characteristics. This article presents the results of the analysis of the main dimensions and main characteristics of fishing vessels that have the class of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RMRS). The data source was the Register Book of RMRS in current version (2022), which contains the information about sea-going self-propelled vessels with a gross tonnage of 100 tons and more. In our study we analyzed more than a thousand fishing vessels with different dimensions and characteristics. As an analysis results were made the decomposition of fishing fleet by age, degree of automation and construction country, ice class and other characteristics. Based on the methods of statistical analysis the analytical dependences for main dimensions and design characteristics of fishing vessels were obtained. The analytical dependencies can be used for the development of mathematical models of fishing vessels at the initial stages of their design.
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Williams, J., T. Custer, H. Riede, R. Sander, P. Jöckel, P. Hoor, A. Pozzer et al. „Assessing the effect of marine isoprene and ship emissions on ozone, using modelling and measurements from the South Atlantic Ocean“. Environmental Chemistry 7, Nr. 2 (2010): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09154.
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Environmental context. Air over the remote Southern Atlantic Ocean is amongst the cleanest anywhere on the planet. Yet in summer a large-scale natural phytoplankton bloom emits numerous natural reactive compounds into the overlying air. The productive waters also support a large squid fishing fleet, which emits significant amounts of NO and NO2. The combination of these natural and man-made emissions can efficiently produce ozone, an important atmospheric oxidant. Abstract. Ship-borne measurements have been made in air over the remote South Atlantic and Southern Oceans in January–March 2007. This cruise encountered a large-scale natural phytoplankton bloom emitting reactive hydrocarbons (e.g. isoprene); and a high seas squid fishing fleet emitting NOx (NO and NO2). Using an atmospheric chemistry box model constrained by in-situ measurements, it is shown that enhanced ozone production ensues from such juxtaposed marine biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. The relative impact of shipping and phytoplankton emissions on ozone was examined on a global scale using the EMAC model. Ozone in the marine boundary layer was found to be over ten times more sensitive to NOx emissions from ships, than to marine isoprene in the region south of 45°. Although marine isoprene emissions make little impact on the global ozone budget, co-located ship and phytoplankton emissions may explain the increasing ozone reported for the 40–60°S southern Atlantic region.
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Venables, William N., Nick Ellis, André E. Punt, Catherine M. Dichmont und Roy A. Deng. „A simulation strategy for fleet dynamics in Australia’s northern prawn fishery: effort allocation at two scales“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, Nr. 4 (28.03.2009): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp063.
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Abstract Venables, W. N., Ellis, N., Punt, A. E., Dichmont, C. M., and Deng, R. A. 2009. A simulation strategy for fleet dynamics in Australia’s northern prawn fishery: effort allocation at two scales. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 631–645. We describe simple and effective methods for simulating the movement of a fishing fleet, the spatio-temporal allocation of effort, in the context of harvest policy evaluation. Vessel movements are simulated in a manner that can balance established seasonal fishing patterns with the influence of perceived local variations in abundance. In the longer term, the model adapts smoothly to changes in fleet size and price fluctuations in critical resources, such as fuel. Given an initial allocation of effort at a fine temporal (but coarse spatial) scale, as needed for projecting stock dynamics, a second phase assigns the effort at a finer spatial (but coarser temporal) scale for environmental impact assessment. The first phase is based on a discrete-state, time-inhomogeneous Markov chain, with transition probabilities following a multiple logistic model. Although the ideas are generic, the method has been developed for the specific case of Australia’s northern prawn fishery, which is used to motivate and describe the method. The approach, in a harvest policy evaluation context, is novel in that it uses economic projections (not surrogates) to reflect realistically the recent pressures many fishing industries are under to change their spatial fishing pattern in response to global fuel price fluctuations.
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Tidd, Alex N., Trevor Hutton, Laurence T. Kell und Gurpreet Padda. „Exit and entry of fishing vessels: an evaluation of factors affecting investment decisions in the North Sea English beam trawl fleet“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, Nr. 5 (19.03.2011): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr015.
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Abstract Tidd, A. N., Hutton, T., Kell, L. T., and Padda, G. 2011. Exit and entry of fishing vessels: an evaluation of factors affecting investment decisions in the North Sea English beam trawl fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 961–971. A profitable fishery attracts additional effort (vessels enter), eventually leading to overcapacity and less profit. Similarly, fishing vessels exit depending on their economic viability (or reduced expectations of future benefits) or encouraged by schemes such as decommissioning grants and/or when there is consolidation of fishing effort within a tradable rights-based quota system (e.g. individual transferable quotas). The strategic decision-making behaviour of fishers in entering or exiting the English North Sea beam trawl fishery is analysed using a discrete choice model by integrating data on vessel characteristics with available cost data, decommissioning grant information, and other factors that potentially influence anticipated benefits or future risks. It is then possible to predict whether operators choose to enter, stay, exit, or decommission. Important factors affecting investment include vessel age and size, future revenues, operating costs (e.g. fuel), stock status of the main target species, and the impact of management measures (e.g. total allowable catches) and total fleet size (a proxy for congestion). Based on the results, the predicted marginal effects of each factor are presented and the impact of each is discussed in the context of policies developed to align fleet capacity with fishing opportunities.
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Greenstreet, S. P. R., G. J. Holland, T. W. K. Fraser und V. J. Allen. „Modelling demersal fishing effort based on landings and days absence from port, to generate indicators of “activity”“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, Nr. 5 (09.04.2009): 886–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp068.
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Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Holland, G. J., Fraser, T. W. K., and Allen, V. J. 2009. Modelling demersal fishing effort based on landings and days absence from port, to generate indicators of “activity”. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 886–901. For many components of marine ecosystems, the derivation of biologically significant, operational “pressure” indicators will rely on modelling fishing mortality from indicators of anthropogenic “activity”. This essentially expands the well established Pressure–State–Response framework to one of Activity–Pressure–State–Response. Within the Common Fisheries Policy, the reporting of fishing effort data, the basic indicator of activity, is not mandatory. A modelling approach is therefore developed that utilizes the data that fishers are obliged to report (days absence from port, landings from each rectangle fished, and the gear used) to provide modelled estimates of fishing effort. The model is parameterized for the Scottish demersal fishing fleet using data collected through the Scottish discards observer scheme, and fishing effort over the period 1997–2004 is modelled. Reported effort data for the period 1960–1998 allowed validation of the model through direct comparison of modelled with reported data in 1997 and 1998. Combining the modelled and reported datasets revealed that Scottish fishing activity levels, remarkably constant over four decades, had declined markedly since 2000. Temporal trends in UK quotas for the main targeted demersal species are considered to assess the effectiveness of catch limitation management as a means of regulating fishing activity. Spatial patterns in effort by the four main gear types used by the Scottish demersal fleet are described, and in general terms, these have changed little over the period 1960–2004. However, distinct spatial patterns emerged in the temporal trends in each ICES rectangle, associated with the recent overall decline in Scottish demersal fishing activity. These patterns were not intuitive, and the implications of this for an ecosystem approach to management are discussed.
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Alcorlo, Paloma, Susana García-Tiscar, María Rosario Vidal-Abarca, María Luisa Suárez-Alonso, Lucía Checa und Iratxe Díaz. „Exploring the Intricate Connections between the Influence of Fishing on Marine Biodiversity and Their Delivery of Ecological Services Driven by Different Management Frameworks“. Coasts 4, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 168–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coasts4010010.
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The goal of this project is to assess the state of marine biodiversity in the Natura 2000 marine network in Spain and analyze the impact of fishing policies on it. The study focuses on three marine demarcations in Spain: North Atlantic, South Atlantic, and the Strait of Gibraltar and Alborán Sea. The research uses the DPSIR (Drivers of Change-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) framework, a multi-criteria analysis approach to understand the relationships between biodiversity loss, fishing, marine ecosystem integrity, and the provision of ecosystem services. Our results revealed a significant decline in biodiversity since 1985 in the four marine areas studied; this loss was more pronounced in the Gulf of Cadiz (in Andalusia) and less intense in the northern regions of Spain (Galicia and Asturias). This trend aligns with the global degradation of marine ecosystems and loss of biodiversity caused by human activities. The main drivers behind this decline are economic factors promoting industrial fishing and overexploitation. However, there has been a reduction in the industrial fishing fleet since the 2000s, supported by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund for transitioning toward sustainable fishing methods. Despite the increase in regulations and the establishment of marine protected areas, these measures have not been effective enough to stop the loss of marine biodiversity. The results highlight the importance of combining administrative measures such as creating marine protected areas and implementing fisheries management regulations with the preservation of cultural services provided by these ecosystems. Successful governance models that involve collaboration between fishermen and decision-makers have been observed in northern Galicia and the Gulf of Cádiz.
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Majumder, Amit. „An Empirical Study on Socio-Economic Conditions of Fishermen of North-East Coastal Region of India“. IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 11, Nr. 2 (22.05.2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v11.n2.p2.
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<p>Fishing is recognised as a source of food since the Stone Age. A fisherman is the one who is involved in the process of capturing fish and other species from a water body for living and earning purposes, which started with an objective of survival and transformed into a source of business. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, fish output in India doubled between 1990 and 2010. India acquires 8129 kilometres of marine coastline involving over 1.5 million people who are directly or indirectly related to fishing industry. Being a natural consumable resource it contributes to food security of India, fish is considered as a consumable source and an income source simultaneously. Traditionally, there exist primarily two forms of fishing-Inland Fishing and Marine Fishing. While the former is preferable to the local customers in India due to variety of tastes, on the other hand the Marine Fishing is considered as one of the significant foreign exchange earners as well as suppliers of huge nutritional requirements for this vast population. Nearly 60 per cent of Indian fish productions are coming from coastal fishing. To step up deep-sea fishing activities, in 1977 the Government extended its territorial control over 200 nautical miles in the ocean. This zone was termed as ‘Exclusive Economic Zone’ (EEZ). About 6.3% of global fish production as well as 1.1% of Indian GDP and 5.15% of agricultural GDP is contributed by Indian fishing industry.</p>
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Jennings, S., J. Lee und J. G. Hiddink. „Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, Nr. 6 (06.04.2012): 1053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss050.
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Abstract Jennings, S., Lee, J., and Hiddink, J. G. 2012. Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1053–1063. European and national policy commitments require further integration of fisheries and environmental management. We measured fishery footprints and assessed trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and beam trawling impacts in UK territorial waters in the southern and central North Sea where marine spatial planning is underway and a network of Marine Protected Areas has been proposed. For fleets (UK and non-UK) and years (2006–2010) considered, total trawled area included extensive ‘margins’ that always accounted for a smaller proportion of total fishing effort and value (proportions investigated were ≤10, 20, or 30%) than their proportional contribution to total habitat sensitivity and trawling impact. Interannual and fleet-related differences in the distribution and intensity of trawling activity, driven by location choice and fisheries regulations, had more influence on overall trawling impacts than the exclusion of beam trawlers from a proposed network of Marine Protected Areas. If reducing habitat impacts is adopted as an objective of fisheries or environmental management, then the direct management of fishing footprints, e.g. by defining fishing grounds that exclude existing margins, can disproportionately reduce trawling impacts per unit effort or value.
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Jennings, Simon, und Janette Lee. „Defining fishing grounds with vessel monitoring system data“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, Nr. 1 (14.11.2011): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr173.
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Abstract Jennings, S., and Lee, J. 2012. Defining fishing grounds with vessel monitoring system data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 51–63. Methods for defining fishing grounds to support marine spatial planning and management are developed, applied, and compared. The methods are broadly applicable and repeatable because they use vessel monitoring system (VMS) data that are archived and increasingly accessible. For several fleets at regional and national scales, an attempt is made to assess how the choice of criteria for defining grounds influences (i) size, shape, and location, (ii) overlap among grounds, and (iii) the extent to which annual and multi-annual patterns of fishing activity describe grounds used seasonally or by individual vessels. The results show that grounds defined by excluding infrequently fished margins (areas with <10% of total fishing activity) are typically 50% smaller than total fished area. However, landings weight or value (LWV) per unit activity can be higher at the margins, with 10% of activity usually accounting for 10–20% of LWV. The removal of fishing activity in the margins, as a consequence of regulation or fleet behaviour, would lead to disproportionately greater reductions in interactions with other fisheries, sectors, and the environment. Accessible high-resolution information on the “anatomy” of all fishing grounds would better inform debates on the allocation and the use of marine space and the integration of fisheries and environmental management.
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Vivekanandan, E., M. Srinath und Somy Kuriakose. „Fishing the marine food web along the Indian coast“. Fisheries Research 72, Nr. 2-3 (Mai 2005): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2004.10.009.
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Pennington, Michael, und Kristin Helle. „Evaluation of the design and efficiency of the Norwegian self-sampling purse-seine reference fleet“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, Nr. 8 (09.03.2011): 1764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr018.
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Abstract Pennington, M., and Helle, K. 2011. Evaluation of the design and efficiency of the Norwegian self-sampling purse-seine reference fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1764–1768. A self-sampling reference fleet is employed by the Institute of Marine Research to estimate the characteristics of the Norwegian commercial catch for a number of species. The reference fleet is composed of commercial fishing vessels that are paid to measure a subsample of fish from selected catches and, less frequently, to take and preserve otolith, stomach, and genetic samples. In this study, the sampling design for monitoring the catches of herring, mackerel, and blue whiting used by the recently established purse-seine segment of the reference fleet is evaluated. The precision of the estimated mean lengths, and hence that of the estimated length distributions of the entire commercial catch, was bounded by the number of boats in the purse-seine reference fleet. Therefore, the only way to improve survey precision significantly is to increase the number of boats in the reference fleet. In addition, the effective sample sizes were much smaller than the total number of fish measured, from which it followed that too many fish were measured in each selected catch. Based on this analysis, the prescribed number of fish sampled from each selected catch has been reduced by more than 50%.
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Robinson, James P. W., Jan Robinson, Calvin Gerry, Rodney Govinden, Cameron Freshwater und Nicholas A. J. Graham. „Diversification insulates fisher catch and revenue in heavily exploited tropical fisheries“. Science Advances 6, Nr. 8 (Februar 2020): eaaz0587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz0587.
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Declines in commercial landings and increases in fishing fleet power have raised concerns over the continued provisioning of nutritional and economic services by tropical wild fisheries. Yet, because tropical fisheries are often data-poor, mechanisms that might buffer fishers to declines are not understood. This data scarcity undermines fisheries management, making tropical fishing livelihoods particularly vulnerable to changes in marine resources. We use high-resolution fisheries data from Seychelles to understand how fishing strategy (catch diversification) influences catch rates and revenues of individual fishing vessels. We show that average catch weight decreased by 65% over 27 years, with declines in all nine species groups coinciding with increases in fishing effort. However, for individual vessels, catch diversity was associated with larger catches and higher fishing revenues and with slower catch declines from 1990 to 2016. Management strategies should maximize catch diversity in data-poor tropical fisheries to help secure nutritional security while protecting fishing livelihoods.
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Ulrich, Clara, Bo Sølgaard Andersen, Per J. Sparre und J. Rasmus Nielsen. „TEMAS: fleet-based bio-economic simulation software to evaluate management strategies accounting for fleet behaviour“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, Nr. 4 (01.05.2007): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm044.
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Abstract Ulrich, C., Andersen, B. S., Sparre, P. J., and Nielsen, J. R. 2007. TEMAS: fleet-based bio-economic simulation software to evaluate management strategies accounting for fleet behaviour. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 647–651. TEMAS (technical management measures) is a fleet-based bio-economic software for evaluating management strategies accounting for technical measures and fleet behaviour. It focuses on mixed fisheries in which several fleets can choose among several fishing activities to target different stocks in one or several areas. The software combines a management strategy evaluation framework, using a forward-running operating model and a management procedure with a fleet behaviour module simulating both short-term (effort allocation) and long-term (entry/exit) fleet dynamics. The suite of models behind TEMAS can be thought of as an extension of the traditional ICES forecast model. Alternative management scenarios can be compared and evaluated for their bio-economic consequences and robustness to parameter uncertainty. The software is generic and user-friendly, and can be run at several space and time scales.
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Piet, G. J., F. J. Quirijns, L. Robinson und S. P. R. Greenstreet. „Potential pressure indicators for fishing, and their data requirements“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, Nr. 1 (25.10.2006): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsl006.
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Abstract Piet, G. J., Quirijns, F. J., Robinson, L., and Greenstreet, S. P. R. 2007. Potential pressure indicators for fishing, and their data requirements. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 110–121. Indicators of fishing pressure are necessary to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). We present a framework that distinguishes four levels of pressure indicators that move from being a simple description of anthropogenic activity to more precisely describing the actual pressure on the ecosystem and its components, but which require increasingly more information to be quantified. We use the example of the Dutch beam trawl fleet in the North Sea to compare these pressure indicators, as the level of information used is increased. The first level is that of fleet capacity (e.g. number of vessels), the second is fishing effort, usually expressed as the number of hours fishing or days at sea, the third incorporates fishing parameters such as the proportion of time actually spent fishing, fishing speed, or gear characteristics, e.g. the size of the beam trawl in order to determine the frequency with which an area is fished, and at the fourth level, the most informative measure of fishing pressure, annual fishing mortality, is available for a few commercial species from stock assessments. For other species, it can be calculated from the lower level pressure indicators through the incorporation of the chance of individuals of a species coming into contact with the fishing gear and the encounter mortality, which is the portion of mortality caused by the passing of the gear. Comparison of trends and absolute values shows that the pressure indicators at different levels differ considerably in their description of both present and historical fishing impact in the North Sea. Therefore, for an EAFM, we advise using the highest level pressure indicator that can be obtained with the data available.
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Ryan, Peter G., und John Cooper. „Rockhopper penguins and other marine life threatened by driftnet fisheries at Tristan da Cunha“. Oryx 25, Nr. 2 (April 1991): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300035109.
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The oriental driftnet fleet, which is responsible for the large-scale mortality of non-target species in the Pacific Ocean, has extended its range to include the South Atlantic Ocean. Relatively little is known about the areas of operation and impacts of driftnetting in the South Atlantic as yet, but it is emerging that driftnetting is equally devastating to the fauna of this ocean. This paper reviews the impact of the driftnet fishery on non-target species in the central South Atlantic Ocean. Several lines of evidence suggest that fishing effort is focused on Tristan da Cunha, apparently resulting in considerable mortality of rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome and other marine organisms. Britain should take steps to curb this destructive fishing technique in Tristan waters.
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Amorim, R. B., und C. Monteiro-Neto. „Marine protected area and the spatial distribution of the gill net fishery in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil“. Brazilian Journal of Biology 76, Nr. 1 (22.01.2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.06614.
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Abstract This study characterizes the gill net fishery at Colônia de Pescadores Z13 (CPZ13), in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, and its relationship with the marine protected area ‘Monumento Natural do Arquipélago das Ilhas Cagarras – MoNa Cagarras’, describing the fleet and fishing gears, identifying fishing spots, species and their associations by gillnet type. From June 2012 to May 2013, every Tuesday to Sunday, gill net landings were monitored and fishers interviewed regarding their catch. Small boats (dory whaleboats) are used to set three types of gillnets: “Corvineira” (target species – whitemouth croaker), “linguadeira” (target species – flounders) and “rede-alta” (target species – bluefish). Fifty-nine species within 37 families were captured at 14 fishing spots, showing association with bottom type and distance from shore. The use of fisher’s local ecological knowledge defines gear placement at specific sites targeting fisheries resources. All fishing sites are not within the limits of MoNa Cagarras but would benefit from management plans including an MPA buffering zone.
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Kjærsgaard, Jens, und Hans Frost. „Effort allocation and marine protected areas: is the North Sea Plaice Box a management compromise?“ ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, Nr. 7 (30.05.2008): 1203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn088.
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Abstract Kjærsgaard, J., and Frost, H. 2008. Effort allocation and marine protected areas: is the North Sea Plaice Box a management compromise? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1203–1215. A complex bioeconomic model is used to study the economic and biological consequences of establishing a marine protected area (MPA). The model is a multispecies age-structured bioeconomic model that treats days at sea and number of vessels, for different fleets fishing inside and outside the protected area, as endogenous variables. A simulation applies an adaptive investment rule that determines fleet size from year to year, and an optimization procedure provides a benchmark for a profit-maximizing solution over time. In contrast to most conventional studies on MPAs, fishing within the protected area is possible. Moreover, the stock is not divided between inside and outside the protected area, although the abundance of different age classes in each area differs. Therefore, the economic and biological impacts of fishing inside or outside are different. The North Sea flatfish fishery is used as a case study, so the analysis is particularly relevant because North Sea flatfish regulation is currently under revision.
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Umam, Saiful, Syamsul Ma'arif und Nimmi Zulbairnarni. „The influence illegal fishing surveillance policies on marine fisheries business“. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science 3, Nr. 2 (30.11.2023): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v3i2.727.
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Illegal fishing that occurs in Indonesian waters has the potential to harm the marine fisheries business. The government seeks to overcome losses due to illegal fishing through policies and surveillance programs through increasing the fleet of surveillance vessels, increasing operations by sea and air and utilizing information technology. Surveillance of illegal fishing is a public policy, in order to measure the impact and benefits of the policy, economic valuation is needed as a basis for stating that the policy is feasible and provides benefits presented in a value. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect impact of illegal fishing Surveillance policies on the marine fisheries business. The research method uses producer surplus and analysis uses Extended Cost Benefit Analysis (ECBA). The results showed that the policy of increasing Surveillance provides positive benefits of Rp.1.8 trillion/year, so the policy is feasible. The policy has the potential to save economic and social losses, when the supervision conditions before the policy of increasing Surveillance of social and economic impacts obtained amounted to Rp.466.9 billion / year and after the policy increased Surveillance to Rp. 2.3 trillion / year. The policy of increasing supervision greatly affects the fisheries business at sea, namely the needs and supply of fish for raw materials for the fishery industry are met, increasing the productivity of catches, absorption of labor as fishermen on ships, sufficient fuel stocks and for the government, state revenues from PNBP and fisheries taxes increase.
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Eigaard, Ole Ritzau. „A bottom-up approach to technological development and its management implications in a commercial fishery“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, Nr. 5 (08.04.2009): 916–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp084.
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Abstract Eigaard, O. R. 2009. A bottom-up approach to technological development and its management implications in a commercial fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 916–927. Analyses of electronic equipment on board Danish trawlers and gillnetters show that newer, larger vessels have a significantly higher “technological level” than older, smaller vessels. A hypothesis of linkage between fish-finding and navigation technology on board and standard vessel characteristics was tested based on the definition of a technological index. Using a proportional odds model, vessel length accounted for most of the variation in technological level on board, with odds of 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.16–1.18) of a higher index value for each increase in vessel length of 1 m. Vessel age was also significantly correlated with index values. In considering the technological index as an indicator of fishing power, the results have important implications for capacity-reduction schemes intended to reduce harvest pressure on fish stocks. In the course of such structural management plans, older, smaller vessels of a fleet are often replaced with newer, larger vessels within a fixed or reduced nominal capacity limit (e.g. total fleet tonnage), but according to the findings presented, nominal capacity reduction in fleet level may be undermined by increases in individual vessel fishing power.
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Matishov, G. G., K. D. Matishov und E. A. Kirillova. „Russian oceanology and prospects of development of bioresources of the world ocean“. Вестник Российской академии наук 89, Nr. 5 (06.05.2019): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873895509-512.
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The author analyzes the current problems of providing research conducted by Russian scientists and oceanographers. Along with the retrospective, the prospects for the development of biological resources of world oceans are outlined. It is noted that it will be difficult to solve a wide range of problems associated with the presence of Russia in the world oceans, as well as food security of the country, without a modern marine scientific and fishing fleet.
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Kaplan, Isaac C., Daniel S. Holland und Elizabeth A. Fulton. „Finding the accelerator and brake in an individual quota fishery: linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics of US West Coast trawl fisheries“. ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, Nr. 2 (04.09.2013): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst114.
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Abstract Isaac C. Kaplan, Daniel S. Holland, and Elizabeth A. Fulton. 2014. Finding the accelerator and brake in an individual quota fishery: linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics of US West Coast trawl fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 308–319. In 2011, the Pacific Fisheries Management Council implemented an individual transferrable quota (ITQ) system for the US West Coast groundfish trawl fleet. Under the ITQ system, each vessel now receives transferrable annual allocations of quota for 29 groundfish species, including target and bycatch species. Here we develop an ecosystem and fleet dynamics model to identify which components of an ITQ system are likely to drive responses in effort, target species catch, bycatch, and overall profitability. In the absence of penalties for discarding over-quota fish, ITQs lead to large increases in fishing effort and bycatch. The penalties fishermen expect for exceeding quota have the largest effect on fleet behaviour, capping effort and total bycatch. Quota prices for target or bycatch species have lesser impacts on fishing dynamics, even up to bycatch quota prices of $50 kg−1. Ports that overlap less with bycatch species can increase effort under individual quotas, while other ports decrease effort. Relative to a prior management system, ITQs with penalties for exceeding quotas lead to increased target species landings and lower bycatch, but with strong variation among species. The model illustrates how alternative fishery management policies affect profitability, sustainability and the ecosystem.
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Chinacalle-Martínez, Nicole, Alex R. Hearn, Kristina Boerder, Juan Carlos Murillo Posada, Jean López-Macías und César R. Peñaherrera-Palma. „Fishing effort dynamics around the Galápagos Marine Reserve as depicted by AIS data“. PLOS ONE 19, Nr. 4 (03.04.2024): e0282374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282374.
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The waters around the Galápagos Marine Reserve (GMR) are important fishing grounds for authorized artisanal vessels fishing within the reserve as well as for national and foreign industrial fleets operating in the wider Ecuadorian Insular Exclusive Economic Zone (IEEZ). Although it was not originally designed for fisheries management, Automatic Identification System (AIS) data provides useful, open access, near real-time and high-resolution information that allows for increased monitoring, particularly around Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. This study uses AIS data provided by Global Fishing Watch to assess the spatial distribution and seasonal dynamics of fishing effort by vessel flag within the GMR and the IEEZ from 2012 to 2021. Based on kernel density estimation analysis, we determinate the core-use areas (50%) and spatial extent (95%) of fishing activities by fleets (Ecuadorian and foreign), gear types and seasons (warm, from December to May; and cold, from June to November). Our results show that the Ecuadorian fleet recorded the most observed fishing hours in the study area, with 32,829 hours in the IEEZ and 20,816 hours within the GMR. The foreign flags with the most observed fishing hours in the IEEZ were Panama (3,245 hours) and Nicaragua (2,468.5 hours), while in the GMR were the ‘Unknown flag’ (4,991.4 hours) and Panama (133.7 hours). Vessels fished employing different fishing gears, but the waters of the GMR and IEEZ were mostly targeted by tuna purse-seiners and drifting longlines. The spatial distribution of the fishing effort exhibits marked seasonal variability, likely influenced by seasonal migrations of target species such as tunas (e.g., Thunnus albacares, T. obesus and Katsuwonus pelamis), marlins (e.g., Makaira nigricans) and sharks (e.g., Alopias pelagicus). The collection and use of this type of spatial and seasonal information is an essential step to understand the dynamics of fishing activities in national waters and improve fisheries management, particularly in less studied areas and fisheries.
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Malakar, Krishna, Trupti Mishra und Anand Patwardhan. „Factors linked with adaptation in the Indian marine fishing community“. Ocean & Coastal Management 171 (April 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.12.026.
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Wibawa, Teja A., Patrick Lehodey und Inna Senina. „Standardization of a geo-referenced fishing data set for the Indian Ocean bigeye tuna, <i>Thunnus obesus</i> (1952–2014)“. Earth System Science Data 9, Nr. 1 (28.02.2017): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-163-2017.
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Abstract. Geo-referenced catch and fishing effort data of the bigeye tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean over 1952–2014 were analyzed and standardized to facilitate population dynamics modeling studies. During this 62-year historical period of exploitation, many changes occurred both in the fishing techniques and the monitoring of activity. This study includes a series of processing steps used for standardization of spatial resolution, conversion and standardization of catch and effort units, raising of geo-referenced catch into nominal catch level, screening and correction of outliers, and detection of major catchability changes over long time series of fishing data, i.e., the Japanese longline fleet operating in the tropical Indian Ocean. A total of 30 fisheries were finally determined from longline, purse seine and other-gears data sets, from which 10 longline and 4 purse seine fisheries represented 96 % of the whole historical geo-referenced catch. Nevertheless, one-third of total nominal catch is still not included due to a total lack of geo-referenced information and would need to be processed separately, accordingly to the requirements of the study. The geo-referenced records of catch, fishing effort and associated length frequency samples of all fisheries are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.864154.