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1
Mariani, Giorgio. „The Red and the Black: Images of American Indians in the Italian Political Landscape“. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 53, s1 (01.12.2018): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2018-0016.
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Abstract In Italy, over the last decades, both the Left and the Right have repeatedly employed American Indians as political icons. The Left and the Right, that is, both adopted and adapted certain real or often outright invented features of American Indian culture and history to promote their own ideas, values, and political campaigns. The essay explores how well-established stereotypes such as those of the ecological Indian, the Indian as victim, and the Indian as fearless warrior, have often surfaced in Italian political discourse. The “Indiani Metropolitani” student movement resorted to “Indian” imagery and concepts to rejuvenate the languages of the old socialist and communist left, whereas the Right has for the most part preferred to brandish the Indian as an image of a bygone past, threatened by modernization and, especially, by immigration. Indians are thus compared to contemporary Europeans, struggling to resist being invaded by “foreign” peoples. While both the Left and the Right reinvent American Indians for their own purposes, and could be said to practice a form of cultural imperialism, the essay argues that the Leftist appropriations of the image of the Indian were always marked by irony. Moreover, while the Right’s Indians can be seen as instances of what Walter Benjamin (1969) described as Fascism’s aestheticization of politics, groups like the Indiani Metropolitani tried to politicize the aesthetics.
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Zumoff, J. A. „The 1925 Tenants’ Strike in Panama: West Indians, the Left, and the Labor Movement“. Americas 74, Nr. 4 (22.08.2017): 513–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2017.88.
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In September-October 1925, there occurred in Panama a tenants' strike that helped define the development of the left and workers' movement in that nation. This article presents an overview of the strike—important because no synthetic English-language account exists—and then analyzes the role of black West Indians in the event. West Indians were prominent among the ranks of workers in Panama, and among the slums of Panama City and Colón. Nonetheless, they were not central to the rent strike. This absence reflects the historic relationship between West Indian and Hispanic workers in the isthmus, the effect of the recent defeat of strikes led by West Indians in the Panama Canal Zone, and the lack of attention paid to attracting West Indian support by the Hispanic leadership of the tenants' strike. This division between the West Indian population and the broader labor movement in Panama had lasting effects in the history of the Panamanian left, reinforcing divisions between the struggle for Panamanian self-determination and the struggle against racist oppression of West Indians and their descendants in Panama.
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Chaturvedi, Dr Deepak. „Stature Estimation Measuring Left Foot Breadth in Indian Cadavers“. Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, Nr. 02 (28.02.2017): 18204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.156.
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Nath, Dr Abhishek. „Redefining the Indian Left: The AAP Way“. IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 1, Nr. 4 (14.06.2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v1i4.14.
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The spectacular success of BJP in the recent General Elections invited a mixed assessment from different positions. But mostly it was oversimplification and undermining of its success. On the other hand, the victory of AAP in assembly elections was taken as an alternative in making. For example along with other commenter’s in an article (published in The Indian Express, 26 May 2014, op-ed page) renowned lawyer and AAP leader Shri Shanti Bhushan analysed the electoral success of BJP and the future course for AAP that lacks in substance. It tried to under-assessed the BJP’s success and oversimplified the road ahead for AAP. As it like wait till BJP does the same blunders as Congress did. In this paper some light will be thrown on BJP’s success and legacy but will mainly discuss the AAP phenomena in Indian politics with a view to access the recent developments in party and as an emerging alternative that can also be an opportunity to capture the space vacated by the Left movement in India. First of all I would like to argue that considering the BJP after the failed Janta Party Experiment as a ‘faction of Janta Party’ (Shri Bhushan’s views) is not a correct judgment. Actually the Bhartiya Jan Sangha was the last party that remained as Janta Party coalition after the other four parties that came together without merging their distinctive identities to form Janta Party left the coalition at their will to pursue their own ambitions. Hence it was not just a matter of chance that the new party that emerged on the Indian political scene after the failed Janta experiment named Bhartiya Janta Party (Bhartiya Jana Sangha + Janta Party = Bhartiya Janta Party). The then leaders not only launched a new party with inheriting the name but also the legacy. As it was more moderate and reformed on many policy agendas by incorporating Gandhian- JP Legacy to fight against the ruling dispensation. That seed has now grown as a Banyan tree and shadowing the Indian political scene defying all ifs and buts. Although it is still to be tested that how will a full majority BJP will work in coming years as many scholars of Indian politics doubt the BJP’s course of action as a single full majority party (see Christophe Jaffrelot, 2003). It is also because the earlier BJP led government was a crippled and soft BJP as NDA coalition and also Atal Bihari Bajpai as its leader and was not able to pursue its core Hindutwa demands of building Ram temple, Uniform Civil Code and the abolition of Article 370 of the Constitution for the full merger of J&K into Indian Union.
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Bodh, Deepti, Mozammel Hoque und Abhishek Chandra Saxena. „Echocardiographic study of healthy Indian Spitz dogs with normal reference ranges for the breed“. Veterinary World 12, Nr. 6 (Juni 2019): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.740-747.
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Aim: The present study was aimed to determine the normal reference values of M-mode echocardiographic measurements in healthy Indian Spitz dogs and evaluate the influence of gender and body weight on these measurements. Materials and Methods: M-mode echocardiography was performed in twenty-four clinically healthy conscious Indian Spitz dogs, aged 3-5 years and weighing 7-18 kg. Measurements were made from the right parasternal long axis left ventricular outflow tract view of the heart. The parameters recorded were: Left ventricular internal dimension, interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness during diastole and systole, left atrial diameter, aortic root diameter, left ventricular systolic functional parameters, and indices and mitral valve parameters. Results: M-mode echocardiographic measurements in healthy Indian Spitz dogs were standardized. Gender had no influence on echocardiographic measurements except mitral valve excursion amplitude and time interval between onset and end of mitral valve closure, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher in females than males. Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole, left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole, left ventricular posterior wall dimension at end-systole, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular ejection time, and mitral valve excursion amplitude correlated significantly (p<0.05) with body weight in Indian Spitz dogs. Conclusion: Data obtained in the present study can be used as breed-specific reference values for cardiac disease diagnosis as well as for future studies in Indian Spitz dogs.
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Norvell, John M. „Jonathan W. Warren, Racial Revolutions: Antiracism and Indian Resurgence in Brazil. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001. 368 pp. $74.95 cloth; 22.95 paper“. International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904350131.
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Racial Revolutions comes at a crucial time for indigenist policy in Brazil. Newly elected president Luís Inácio Lula da Silva takes over with several orders for the permanent protection of Indian reserves on his desk, completed but left unsigned by outgoing president Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Lula's party, the Workers Party, has a strongly progressive social platform on issues of racial discrimination but no track record or firm positions on Indian issues. Fundamental changes in Brazilian Indian law have been proposed and may come before Congress early this year. Three fatal attacks on Indians occurred in January 2003, the first month of Lula's presidency. One of these cases, the murder by youths of a seventy-seven year-old Indian man in Porto Alegre, recalls the fatal 1997 immolation of a visiting Pataxó leader while sleeping at a bus stop in Brasília, a well-publicized case with which Jonathan Warren opens his book. Finally, anthropologists who work with Indians in Brazil are still dealing with the repercussions of serious ethical charges involving research among the Yanomami Indians raised against senior Amazonianists by journalist Patrick Tierney in his book Darkness in El Dorado (2000).
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Chattopadhyay, Pratip. „Opposition space in Indian democracy: S.A.Dange and ‘Other’ voice of the Indian Left“. Critique 50, Nr. 2-3 (03.07.2022): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2022.2127187.
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Marshall, Michael. „Indian stone tool implies humans left Africa early“. New Scientist 249, Nr. 3325 (März 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)00403-6.
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Ghosh, Rajashri. „Naxalism: The Left-Wing Extremist Movement in India“. Polish Political Science Yearbook 52, Nr. 2 (2023): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202332.
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After 200 years of bondage, India gained freedom from the British through numerous revolutionary movements in 1947. But, within 20 years of the independence, insurgent movements had started arising against the Indian Government as well. In 1967, the Naxalite insurgency was initiated as a radical protest by the oppressed peasants against the colonial tenancy system retained by the feudal landowners even after the British had left the country for good. The uprising got pinpointed as Naxalism and the rebels as Naxals, as it all started at Naxalbari, a village in the Indian state of West Bengal. Spanning over 50 years, this ongoing movement initially acquired the respect of the general population of India with its radical ideologies of fighting against the oppressor imperialists but soon mutated into a source of terror. A qualitative assessment of the instances taken from secondary sources, such as context-related online journals and blog articles, will help this paper to explain the formation of the contemporary perception of Naxalism as an extreme radical armed revolution and one of the biggest security challenges against the Indian Government.
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VAHED, GOOLAM. „CONSTRUCTIONS OF COMMUNITY AND IDENTITY AMONG INDIANS IN COLONIAL NATAL, 1860–1910: THE ROLE OF THE MUHARRAM FESTIVAL“. Journal of African History 43, Nr. 1 (März 2002): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008010.
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This article is concerned with the historical construction of communities, cultures and identities in colonial Natal, in this case an Indian grouping that emerged from the heterogeneous collection of indentured workers imported between 1860 and 1911. Despite the difficulties of indenture, Indians set about re-establishing their culture and religion in Durban. The most visible and public expression of ritual was the festival of Muhurram, which played an important role in forging a pan-Indian ‘Indianness’ within a white and African colonial society. This was significant when one considers that the nationalist movement was in its formative stages and there was no national identity when indentured workers had left India.
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Jal, Murzban. „The Indian left and the Indian National Congress Party: what is to be done?“ Critique 47, Nr. 1 (02.01.2019): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2018.1554757.
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RajilaRajendran, Hannah Sugirthabai, R. abitha, S. Logithkumar und Vaithianathan Gnanasundaram. „Profound Morphometric Analysis of Acetabulum in South Indian Population (Acetabular dimensions)“. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 17, Nr. 1 (20.03.2024): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2846.
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Aim- Acetabular dimensions plays a challenging role in various arthroplasties and reconstructions. Morphometric study of acetabulum of dry hip bones is a necessity to make proper prosthesis and to ensure good quality of life. Materials & methods - In this 71 dry human hip bones of 35 right and 36 left collected in department of anatomy of Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, to analyze & measure the diameter, acetabular notch, acetabular circumference, depth and volume of acetabulum. Results – The transverse diameter on right- 49.33 ± 7.36 mm, left 48.57±6.79 mm, depth-right23.28±3.27 mm, left 22.50 ±3.18 mm, vertical diameter- right 48.05±4.40 mm, left 47.66±4.95 mm, acetabular notch- right 22.00±3.28 mm, left 20.56±2.61 mm, outer rim circumference -right 11.90±0.99 cm, left 12.43±0.87 cm, inner rim circumference- right 7.66±0.84 cm, left 8.06±0.72 cm, acetabular circumference- right 15.26±1.38 cm, left 14.60±1.35 cm, capacity- right 27.22±5.43 ml, left-27.22±5.77 ml. Conclusion - All the parameters were statistically analysed and the results suggest that the acetabular dimensions are mostly smaller in South Indian population and hip prosthesis should be made patient specific to increase the success rate of arthroplasties.
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Karan Singh Chauhan. „Caste System: Contradictions between Indian Left and Dalit Movemnet“. Journal of South Asian Studies 16, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2010): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21587/jsas.2010.16.2.006.
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Kulkarni, Snehal, und Suresh Rao. „Definitive therapy for hypoplastic left heart syndrome – Indian scenario“. Indian Heart Journal 64, Nr. 4 (Juli 2012): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2012.06.022.
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Patel, Trishula. „From the Subcontinent with Love“. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, Nr. 3 (01.12.2021): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9408002.
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Abstract “Africa weaves a magic spell around even a temporary visitor,” wrote the former Indian high commissioner to East and Central Africa, Apa Pant, in 1987, echoing the allure that the continent had over him and other fellow Indian diplomats. But the diplomatic roles of men like Pant and the history of Indian engagement with Rhodesia has not, until now, been explored. This article argues that the central role of India in the colonial world ensured that London reined in the white settler Rhodesian government from enacting discriminatory legislation against its minority Indian populations. After Indian independence in 1947, the postcolonial government shifted from advocating specifically for the rights of Indians overseas to ideological support for the independence of oppressed peoples across the British colonial world, a mission with which it tasked its diplomatic representatives. But after India left its post in Salisbury in 1965, Indian public rhetorical support for African nationalist movements in Rhodesia was not matched by its private support for British settlement plans that were largely opposed by the leading African political parties in the country, colored by private patronizing attitudes by India's representatives toward African nationalists and the assumption that they were not yet ready to govern themselves.
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Sudha, R. „Study of clavicle : length and curvatures in South Indian population“. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, Nr. 04 (Oktober 2014): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401770.
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Abstract Background and aim of the study: The clavicle is a subcutaneous bone most frequently fractured at the junction of its lateral and middle third of the shaft. Anatomical variations of the curvatures of clavicle can be of relevance for surgical correction procedures like intramedullary or internal plate fixation. The aim of the present study was to observe variations of length and medial and lateral angles of curvatures of the clavicle in a sample of South Indian population. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirteen unpaired clavicles (50 left side, 63 right side) of unknown sex and age were studied from the bone collection available at Anatomy departments of Annapoorana Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Medical and Homeopathy Colleges, Salem. To measure the angles, Parsons method and a protractor was used. Length of the clavicle was measured with a Vernier Calipers. Observation: The average length of the clavicle was found to be 13.74cm left side and 13.76cm on the right side. The average medial angle of the clavicle on the left side is 146° and right side is147.5°. The average lateral angle on the left side is 144° and right side is 142.05°.The total average angle of the clavicle is 290.30° on left side and 289.59° on right side. Conclusion: The average length of the clavicle on the right side is more than the left side. The medial angle on the right side and the lateral angle on left side are more than corresponding opposite sides. These variations can be useful for the orthopaedic surgeons during the surgical correction procedures of clavicle fractures.
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Choudhari, Pradeep, Himanshu Bansal und Mayank Kumar. „ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE HIP JOINT IN CENTRAL INDIA POPULATION USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY“. International Journal of Advanced Research 9, Nr. 09 (30.09.2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13382.
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Background: The presently available hip prosthesis used in hip arthroplasty are designed based on the anthropometry of Western patients. These prosthesis do not replicate the exact anatomy of Indian patients, leading to postoperative complications and requiring revision surgery for correction. If the manufacturers keep in considering the anthropometric parameters of Indians while designing the prosthesis, this may lead to better clinical and functional outcome and higher patient satisfaction. So the present study was undertaken to understand the anthropometric variables of hip joint of Central Indian population and to compare these variables with the other Indian Ethnic groups and western population using computed tomographic images. Materials And Methods: We had included 200 patients and both the left and right side hip joints were analysed. The anthropometric variables included were Neck-Shaft Angle (NSA), Head Diameter (HD), Neck Width (NW), Acetabular Angle of sharp(AA), Horizontal Offset (HO), Vertical Offset (VO), Medullary Canal Diameter at the level of Lesser Trochanter (MDLT), and Acetabular Version (AV) were measured in all these individuals. Comparison of these parameters was done between the left and right side and among the males and females and compared with various populations and statistically analyzed Result: The mean values were NSA 132.53°, NW 25.11 mm, HD 43.94 mm, AA of sharp 43.11°, HO 43.76 mm, VO 56.37 mm, MDLT 23.00 mm, and AV 19.47°. We found a large variations in these parameters among the Indian ethnic groups and western population. Significant differences were seen between the males and females. Conclusion: This study indicates that there are significant differences in anthropometric parameters of proximal femur among the Central India population compared with Western population. Even within the Indian population, the anthropometric parameters vary from region to region.
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Van de Werke, Irma, Zarina Lockhat, Betsie Van der Walt und Rowaida Abdullah. „Calcified mitral subannular left ventricular aneurysm“. South African Journal of Radiology 6, Nr. 1 (31.03.2002): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v6i1.1459.
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Mitral subannular left ventricular aneurysms are not frequently seen, and those described have occurred mostly in Africa and India. This condition is rare in the Caucasian population.In this case report we describe a mitral subannular left ventricular aneurysm which was calcified, in a pregnant, HIV-positive African woman.This condition should be suspected in patients of African or Indian descent presenting with mitral incompetence and a localised bulge and ring calcification on the left cardiac border on a chest radiograph.
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Singh, S. K., Rina Singh, Santosh Kumar Singh, Arun Kumar Pandey, Sarika Jaiswal und Pradeep Kumar Rai. „Thyroid dysfunction in India: what is different“. International Journal of Advances in Medicine 11, Nr. 3 (26.04.2024): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20241027.
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Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is a common endocrine condition worldwide. Thyroid hormone is essential for growth, development, and energy metabolism. TD if left untreated leads to various serious health consequences. Various risk factors for the development of TD are iodine deficiency, ageing, genetic susceptibility, smoking status, ethnicity, and endocrine disruptors. Indians are at high risk for the development of TD as compared to Caucasians. Indian thyroid patients differ than Caucasians in many aspects such as higher prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism and other TD, higher rate of progression of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) to overt hypothyroidism (OH), and lower prevalence of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In this article, we tried to summarize the current evidences regarding environmental and biological factors that place Indians at high risk of TD as compared to other ethnic groups. High prevalence and different characteristics of Indian TD call for investigation into cause of increased susceptibility and way to prevent TD at individual and population levels.
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Agarwal, Vibhor, Yash Vekaria, Pushkal Agarwal, Sangeeta Mahapatra, Shounak Set, Sakthi Balan Muthiah, Nishanth Sastry und Nicolas Kourtellis. „Under the Spotlight: Web Tracking in Indian Partisan News Websites“. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 15 (22.05.2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18038.
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India is experiencing intense political partisanship and sectarian divisions. The paper performs, to the best of our knowledge, the first comprehensive analysis on the Indian online news media with respect to tracking and partisanship. We build a dataset of 103 online, mostly mainstream news websites. With the help of two experts, alongside data from the Media Ownership Monitor, we label these websites according to their partisanship (Left, Right, or Centre). We study and compare user tracking on these sites with different metrics: numbers of cookies, cookie synchronization, device fingerprinting, and invisible pixel-based tracking. We find that Left and Centre websites serve more cookies than Right-leaning websites. However, through cookie synchronization, more user IDs are synchronized in Left websites than Right or Centre. Canvas fingerprinting is used similarly by Left and Right, and less by Centre. Invisible pixel-based tracking is 50% more intense in Centre-leaning websites than Right, and 25% more than Left. Desktop versions of news websites deliver more cookies than their mobile counterparts. A handful of third-parties are tracking users in most websites in this study. This paper demonstrates the intensity of Web tracking happening in Indian news websites and discusses implications for research on overall privacy of users visiting partisan news websites in India.
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Khokhariya, Ashish. „Coronary dominance among the Indian aborted fetal hearts“. Bioinformation 18, Nr. 6 (30.06.2022): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018513.
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Increasing incidences of myocardial infarction and decreasing age at which they are occurring has forced many researchers to do in depth study pertaining to the anatomical variations in the vascular pattern of heart. Coronary dominancy of the heart will determine whether the territory of the heart supplied by the posterior inter ventricular artery will receive blood from right coronary artery or left coronary artery or both. Present study was conducted to explore the variations in the coronary dominant pattern in the aborted human fetal hearts. Right and left coronary arteries in 30 aborted human fetal hearts were thoroughly dissected from their commencement from the corresponding aortic sinus till their termination. The coronary dominance was determined on the basis of origin of posterior inter ventricular artery. We found 60 % cases of right coronary dominance, 36.66 % cases of left coronary dominance and 3.33 % cases of balanced coronary dominance/ coronary co-dominance. Data shows variations in the vascular dominancy pattern of heart can be critically important for the cardiac surgeons, cardiologists as well as interventional radiologists while performing investigational or operative procedures.
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Pinjar, Peersab M., Praveenkumar Devarbahvi, C. R. Vasudeva Murthy, S. S. Bhat und S. G. Jayaraj. „Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in South Indian Essential Hypertensive Patients“. International Journal of Contemporary Medicine 3, Nr. 1 (2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-1032.2015.00018.2.
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Baruah, Sanjib. „Turmoil on the left: The soviet reforms and Indian communists“. Socialism and Democracy 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 1989): 11–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854309108428026.
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Kolff, D. H. A. „A British Indian Circumambulation“. Itinerario 16, Nr. 2 (Juli 1992): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022142.
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The motto I wrote at the top of this address and that I quoted just now is quite ordinary. But what else would a British civil servant, unmarried, note in his diary at a quiet post at the foot of the Himalayas? What fascinating details for that matter does one expect to find in the papers left behind about British Indian colonial relations in this century and the last? What indeed should a newly appointed professor tell you about them which is more than just curious or half exotic, and which, buried in the past as they have been for decades, would moreover only be appropriate at a Dutch university that refuses to withdraw into a hedgehog position called ‘Europe’?
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Walls, Martha E. „“[T]he teacher that cannot understand their language should not be allowed”: Colonialism, Resistance, and Female Mi’kmaw Teachers in New Brunswick Day Schools, 1900–1923“. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 22, Nr. 1 (27.04.2012): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008957ar.
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Between 1903 and 1923, sisters Mary, Rebecca, Martha, Margaret, and Alma Isaacs and Rita Gédéon, left their homes in Restigouche, Quebec, to teach in federal Indian day schools on New Brunswick Indian Reserves. As Mi’kmaw women, their “Indian” status not only made them anomalies in a federal day school system that only rarely and reluctantly hired “Indians” as teachers, it also placed them in complicated positions on the frontline of Canada’s colonialist project. Tasked with imparting to Mi’kmaw students an array of assimilatory messages both within and outside of the classroom, these six teachers bolstered Canada’s colonialist agenda. In other ways, however, the women used their positions in federal schools to undermine this same colonial agenda. By insisting on the use of the Mi’kmaw language in their classrooms, and by challenging the directives of federal officials and government protocol, the Isaacs sisters and Rita Gédéon remind us of the complex and competing motives, intentions and relationships that shaped Canadian colonialism and reveal that Aboriginal women were involved in ways rarely considered.
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Premo, Bianca. „From the Pockets of Women: The Gendering of the Mita, Migration and Tribute in Colonial Chucuito, Peru“. Americas 57, Nr. 1 (Juli 2000): 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500030212.
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So many Indian men had moved, fled or died because of the labor draft to the silver mines of Potosí that only women were left to govern in some Andean communities. Or so the rumor went. In 1682, the cabildo of the imperial mining capital informed the king that such reports were greatly exaggerated. “This could not be true, even in the case where not one male Indian was left in the entire Kingdom,” its statement reads. “Although the pueblos have been depopulated, there are still more than enough [men] to fill offices in conformity with cabildo ordinances.”
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SARKAR, JAYABRATA. „Power, Hegemony and Politics: Leadership Struggle in Congress in the 1930s“. Modern Asian Studies 40, Nr. 2 (18.04.2006): 333–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0600179x.
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The decade of the 1930s provided a near perfect backdrop for a leftist surge in Indian national politics whose trajectory so far had been mapped under the political leadership of Gandhi. It had its moments of excitement, glory and disappointments. Although ample opportunities presented themselves to the Left to decisively influence the nationalist struggle during this period, it failed in its endeavour to play a historical role, beaten by a smarter, tactful, opportunist ‘Old guard’, the ‘right-wing’ leadership of the Indian National Congress, who, as events indicated in the later years, left behind all scruples to cling to political power.
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Jadhav, S. D., R. J. Patil, P. P. Roy, M. P. Ambali, M. A. Doshi und Rajeev R. Desai. „Supra-scapular foramen in Indian dry scapulae“. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 01, Nr. 03 (Juli 2012): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401675.
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Abstract Background and aims : Supra-scapular notch is roofed by superior transverse scapular ligament and converted into a foramen which provides passage for suprascapular nerve. When it is completely ossified that time it manifest as supra-scapular foramen in dry scapulae. Variations of superior transverse scapular ligament include calcification, partial or complete ossification and multiple bands. Presence of this foramen in dry scapulae is considered to be rare. Aim of the study was to verify the prevalence of supra-scapular foramen in Indian dry scapulae. Materials and methods : A total of three fifty dry scapulae were analyzed (Right- 176, Left-174) to see the presence of supra-scapular foramen. Results : In the present study, suprascapular foramen was present in 25 right and in 12 left sided scapulae i.e., 10.57% incidence which is alarming. Conclusion : Present study demonstrates that suprascapular foramen which is the result of complete ossification of superior transverse scapular ligament, is common in Indian population. The anatomical knowledge of this foramen is of extreme importance for clinicians; it can be a risk factor during surgical explorations involving a suprascapular nerve decompression.
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SHARMA, SHALINI. „‘Yeh azaadi jhooti hai!’: The shaping of the opposition in the first year of the Congress raj“. Modern Asian Studies 48, Nr. 5 (05.12.2013): 1358–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000693.
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AbstractWithin a year of Indian independence, the Communist Party of India declared independence to be a false dawn and the whole Socialist bloc within the ruling Indian National Congress cut its ties with the national government. The speed with which the left disengaged from what had been a patriotic alliance under colonialism surprised many at the time and has perplexed historians ever since. Some have looked to the wider context of the Cold War to explain the onset of dissent within the Indian left. This paper points instead to the neglected domestic context, examining the lines of inclusion and exclusion that were drawn up in the process of the making of the new Indian constitution. Once in power, Congress leaders recalibrated their relationship with their former friends at the radical end of the political spectrum. Despite some of the well-known differences among leading Congress personalities, they spoke as one on industrial labour and the illegitimacy of strikes as a political weapon in the first year of national rule and declared advocates of class politics to be enemies of the Indian state. Congress thus attempted to sideline the Socialists and Communists and brand them as unacceptable in the new regime. This paper focuses on this first year of independence, emphasizing how rapidly the limits of Indian democracy were set in place.
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Oommen, M. A. „Indian Development and Its Discontents“. Social Change 53, Nr. 4 (30.11.2023): 448–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857231203411.
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This monograph approaches Indian development as a pursuit to realise the idea of India as crystallised in the Indian Constitution, which left it to the Indian democratic system tasked with developing citizenship to its fullness. This great experiment in a constitutional democracy is in significant contrast to the emphasis on economic growth projected as a panacea to solve India’s problems of poverty and deprivation by economists in general. Jobless growth in the context of the unprecedented demographic dividend and growing inequality is a negation of human development, building capabilities, and social justice. The study outlines how crony capitalism and corruption undermine the pursuit of equality of opportunity, freedom, and democratic practice.
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Sengupta, Ishita, Madhumita Mahato, Gairik Sengupta und Jadab Chandra Chattopadhyay. „A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE PROXIMAL END OF DRY ADULT FEMORA“. International Journal of Anatomy and Research 8, Nr. 4.2 (05.12.2020): 7799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.224.
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Background: A good understanding of morphometric measurements of the proximal femur is essential in order to decrease the risk of complications associated with orthopedic surgeries performed in the proximal femur due to traumatic injury, metabolic or vascular causes, and to achieve proper alignment of prosthesis to be implanted. The purpose of this study is to evaluate morphometry of neck of femur in Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 dry adult femora [30 Right(R) and 20 Left(L)] available in the department of Anatomy of Medical College Kolkata, India. Results: a) Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of Vertical length of Head of femur was Right side: 38.56±2.50mm and Left side: 38.07±3.43mm. b) Mean and SD of Width of neck of femur was Right side: 28.84±2.71mm and Left side:28.09±2.29mm. c) Mean and SD of length of Neck of femur on anterior aspect was Right side:26.37±2.92mm and Left side:26.12±3.42mm. d) Mean and SD of length of Neck of femur on posterior aspect was Right side:31.65±2.75mm and Left side:26.69±3.11mm. e) Neck-shaft angle on both sides were calculated. Conclusion: Indian dimensions of proximal end of femur are different as compared to that of the values in other parts of the world. Present study will be useful for crafting suitable implants used for surgical correction of fracture neck femur in East Indian population. KEYWORDS: Morphometry, Neck-shaft angle, Implant, Prosthesis, Width of neck, Vertical length of head of femur, Length of neck.
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R. Deepa, Deepti Shastri und K. Suganya. „Morphometric Analysis of Acetabulum in South Indian Population“. International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, Nr. 9 (30.01.2021): 7851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.243.
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Background: Hip bone, also known as the innominate bone, because it is formed by three independent elements during the sub adult life and is directly involved with child birth. The lateral surface of hip bone has a deep cup shaped acetabulum, bounded by a ridge known as rim of acetabulum articulating with the femoral head. The features of acetabulum are characteristic used for sexual dimorphism and for the design of prostheses in Total Hip Arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: Two hundred un paired acetabular part of dry hip bones were collected for this study (50 right male,50 left male,50 right female and 50 left female) from Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Salem. This study is designed to measure Acetabulum transverse diameter, Acetabulum Superoinferior diameter, Total diameter of acetabulum and Depth of acetabulum. Statistical analysis has been done in acetabulum using SPSS 21.0 software and P values were derived by applying unpaired student T test. Results: In the present study, mean value of left sided Acetabulum transverse diameter, Acetabulum superoinferior diameter, Total diameter of acetabulum and Depth of acetabulum among male and female shows 5.24 & 4.9, 5.99 & 5.30, 5.24 & 4.78, 2.60 & 2.43 respectively and all the values are higher in males than females. The mean value of right sided Acetabulum transverse diameter, Acetabulum superoinferior diameter, Total diameter of acetabulum and Depth of acetabulum among male and female shows 5.20 & 4.71,5.26 & 4.89 ,5.2 & 4.72 ,2.67 & 2.35 respectively. All the right sided acetabular parameters are statistically significantly higher among the males as compared with females (P value <.0001), because of strong skeleton and muscle mass and these parameters have minimal role in formation of birth canal. Conclusion: The study of acetabulum may be helpful to the radiologists in diagnosing congenital hip dysplasia. For orthopaedic surgeons in planning before acetabular surgery and treatment of hip joint fractures and to understand the rarity of primary osteoarthritis. The relation between depth and diameter is of immense importance to the Orthopedicians and Radiologists. KEY WORDS: Total Hip Arthroplasty, Acetabulum.
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Nayak, Soubhagya R., Mangala M. Pai, Latha V. Prabhu, Sujatha D'Costa und Prakash Shetty. „Anatomical organization of aortic arch variations in the India: embryological basis and review“. Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 5, Nr. 2 (Juni 2006): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492006000200004.
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OBJECTIVES: To determine the percentage and type of aortic arch variations in Indian subjects and their clinical and surgical importance and embryological basis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In our investigation, branching patterns of the aortic arch were studied in 62 formalin-fixed cadavers of both sexes of Indian origin, aged 45-79. The dissections were carried out in formalin-preserved cadavers and the aortic arch variations were observed after exposing the thoracic and cervical region during routine dissection of undergraduate students of Indian origin in Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. RESULTS: The usual three-branched aortic arch was found in 56 cadavers (91.4%); variations were found in six cadavers (9.6%); 4.8% presented common origin of the carotid arteries; 1.6% had bi-innominate sequence, and the same specimen had left coronary artery arising from arch of aorta directly; 1.6% presented right subclavian artery arising directly from the aorta; 1.6% had left vertebral artery a branch of aortic arch. Five out of six cadavers with anomalous aortic arch branching pattern were females. One male cadaver presented anomalous origin of left vertebral artery directly from the arch. CONCLUSION: The wide spectrum of variations in the anatomical arrangements of the aortic arch branches in the Indian population was at par with other populations of the world. Although anomalous origins of the aortic arch branches are merely anatomic variants, accurate information about them is vital for vascular surgery in the thorax, head and neck region.
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Sharma, Vanita, Anju Pratap, Sushma Makhaik, Kunal Chawla, Neeraj Kumar und Ankur Gupta. „Variable origin of vertebral artery : A Cadaveric and Multidetector computed tomographic study on Indian population“. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 7, Nr. 04 (Oktober 2018): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701736.
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Abstract Background: The knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of vertebral artery is important for the interpretation of vascular radiology and in performing safe vascular procedures like repair of aneurysms, excision of craniocervical junction masses & vertebral endarterectomy. Aim: To find out incidence of left vertebral artery of aortic origin in North Indian population. Materials & Method: During routine dissection of thoracic region, an anatomical variation of origin of left vertebral artery of aortic origin was observed in adult male cadaver. To find out incidence of left vertebral artery of aortic origin in North Indian population, Radiological study was done on 100 patients [34 female + 66 males] who were advised computed tomography of neck & thorax for various indication. Diameter of left vertebral artery at origin from arch of aorta and where it entered foramen transversarium was measured. Length of VI segment i.e. from its origin to where it entered foramen transversarium was also measured. Result: Out of 100 patients, left vertebral artery of aortic origin was observed in 4 patients. Conclusion: Aortic origin of vertebral artery is of diagnostic importance prior to surgery in neck & chest regions. Cadaveric metrological studies are also helpful to design aortic stent
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Niranjana, T. „"Left to the Imagination": Indian Nationalisms and Female Sexuality in Trinidad“. Public Culture 11, Nr. 1 (01.01.1999): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-11-1-223.
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Dayal, Stephen, Thuslima Mohamed, Suresh Narayanan und Nachiket Shankar. „Left-sided diaphragmatic hernia in an Indian cadaver—an etiological conundrum“. Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 30, Nr. 3 (September 2014): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12055-014-0295-8.
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Malik, Preeti, S. K. Srivastava und R. Singroha. „Morphometry of left lobe of thyroid gland in north Indian population“. Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 65 (September 2016): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.113.
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Bhuyan, Ritwick Raj. „Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) – Current best practices and Indian perspective“. Journal of Current Cardiology 2, Nr. 1 (Januar 2024): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcc.jcc_11_24.
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Harshitha, M. S., und Chethan Kumar V.K. „Variation in the origin of left testicular artery and drainage of right testicular vein“. Journal of Phytopharmacology 5, Nr. 4 (30.08.2016): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2016.5402.
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During routine dissection of 65 year old male Indian cadaver posterior abdominal wall, variations in the testicular vessels were observed. The left testicular artery arose from the left accessory renal artery, which originated from the ventral aspect of abdominal aorta. There were two right testicular veins which drained to right renal vein.
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Patel, Ganeshkumar Sumanbhai. „Exploring Nation and History: An Analysis of Chaman Nahal’s Selected Novels“. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, Nr. 3 (2023): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.83.78.
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The struggle for Indian independence spanned nearly a century and was an epic endeavor. The winds of change that swept across the Indian subcontinent after the 'Sepoy' Mutiny in 1857 left lasting imprints on the political and social landscape. The Indian nation had to overcome centuries of lethargy, transcend religious, caste, and provincial divisions, and move forward on the path of progress. This transformation occurred with the onset of the Gandhian movement, which disrupted established political and social norms, introducing innovative ideas and methods. Mahatma Gandhi's relentless pursuit of freedom marked significant milestones such as the non-violent non-cooperation movement of 1920-22, the civil disobedience movement of 1930-31, and the Quit India movement of 1942. The non-violent non-cooperation movement triggered an unparalleled awakening, shifting Indian nationalism from a "middle-class movement" to a widespread emotional movement. An exploration of Nahal's fiction reveals his alignment with the humanistic tradition pioneered by Anand in the thirties and carried forward by Bhabani Bhattacharya and Kamala Markandaya in the fifties and sixties. Nahal's themes encompass tradition versus Westernization, spousal relationships, internationalism, East-West interactions, satire on anglicized Indians, the three phases of India's epic struggle for freedom, the partition of India into India and Muslim Pakistan, and the resulting agony for millions on both sides of the border.
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SV, Uma, und Balasubramanyam N. „Retroversion angle of the glenoid cavity in South Indian population“. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 05, Nr. 01 (Januar 2016): 022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401589.
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Abstract Background and aims: Glenoid version angle is tilt of glenoid cavity in relation to the plane of scapula, it is recorded as anteversion if glenoid is open anteriorly, and retroversion if it faces posteriorly. The tilting angle of the glenoid cavity bas a role in shoulder stability. In end-stage glenohumeral arthritis, wear is usually greater in the posterior half of the glenoid articular surface effectively increasing glenoid retroversion (RV). Aligning the glenoid prosthesis to the face of retroverted glenoid increases the risk for glenoid implant loosening. As Indian literature for retroversion is limited, this study was undertaken. The aim was to estimate and compare the version angle of the glenoid cavity of right (Rt) and left (Lt) dry scapulae. Materials and Methods: Superior view of 200 dry scapulae (100 right and 100 left) were photographed using a digital camera. The images were transferred to Microsoft power point R 2007 software and using Image J software glenoid version angle were measured. Results were analysed using SPSS 16. Independent sample t test was used to compare right and left sides. Results: Ninety eight of hundred Lt glenoid were retroverted with a mean angle -5.02 ± 2.07°, two were anteverted with mean value+1.65°. All the I 00 Rt glenoid were retroverted with mean of -6.90 ± 3.48°. There is significant difference in the angle of glenoid version of left and right glenoid cavity with p value <0.01. Conclusion : Proper implant positioning is key issue in shoulder arthroplasty for efficient postoperative function and long-term survival of the implant. Hence preoperative assessment of glenoid version is essential.
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S Kantharaj Naik, S.A. Premchand und W Benjamin. „Anatomical Variations in Branching Pattern of Arch of Aorta – A Cadaveric Study in South Indian Population“. Academia Anatomica International 6, Nr. 2 (22.12.2020): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aanat.2020.6.2.15.
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Background: Knowledge of the branching pattern of arch of aorta is important in avoiding surgical and accidental injuries during aortic instru- mentation, thoracic and neck surgeries. Subjects and Methods: The present study is based on dissections that were performed on 50 properly embalmed human cadaver specimens. The anatomical variations of arch of aorta and its branches, diameter of its branches at site of origin and distance of each branch from the point of origin to median plane were measured. Results: The usual three branched pattern of arch of aorta was found in 36 specimens (72%). The common trunk for both brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery was present in 10 specimens (20%). In 2 specimens (4%), the arch gives four branches, left vertebral artery being additional branch. In 1 specimen (2%), the arch gives three branches namely; common trunk for brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery, left vertebral artery and left subclavian artery. In 1 specimen (2%), the arch gives three branches namely; brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and common trunk for left vertebral artery and left subclavian artery. Conclusion: The results in this study provide significant information vital for anatomists, cardiovascular surgeons and radiologists.
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Resmi George und Nithin K Raju. „Morphometry of proximal femur in South Indian Population“. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 15, Nr. 3 (01.03.2024): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v15i3.59822.
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Background: Proximal femur analysis plays a vital role in orthopedic surgery, implant design, fracture care, and research. Studying this complex bone helps surgeons select the right implants, plan fracture treatment, and understand bone strength. This growing field improves clinical outcomes and enhances scientific knowledge. Our study analyzes the morphometry of proximal femur, particularly the head and neck, to further explore its implications. Aims and Objectives: To study the morphometric measurements of the proximal end of the femur quantitatively in the South Indian population from the dry femora available in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Kottayam. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 101 dry femora available in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Kottayam. The measurements were taken with digital Vernier calipers and a goniometer. All continuous variables were expressed as mean with standard deviation. Statistical differences between the right and left sides were analyzed with Student’s independent sample t-test (for parametric variables) and Mann–Whitney U test (for non-parametric variables). Results: The mean vertical and anteroposterior diameter of the femoral head, superior and inferior length of the femoral head, the anteroposterior and vertical diameter of the femoral neck, superior and inferior lengths of the femoral neck, neck-shaft angle, and intertrochanteric length were 39.61±3.29 mm, 40.17±3.14 mm, 33.01±3.6 mm, 23.88±4.32 mm, 24.22±3 mm, 29.59±3 mm, 21.75±3.81 mm, 32.03±5.58 mm, 124.11±6.37, 60.31±7.33 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of neck anteroposterior diameter and neck-shaft angle between the right and left sides where the left side had the higher value. Conclusion: Notable skeletal metric variations exist amidst different populations. Proximal femoral dimensions can be acquired through either manual means or radiological information. These measurements can be used in designing orthopedic implants for the South Indian population.
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Metcalf, Alida C. „The Entradas of Bahia of the Sixteenth Century“. Americas 61, Nr. 3 (Januar 2005): 373–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2005.0036.
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When Pero Magalhães de Gândavo returned to Portugal from Brazil in the 1570s, he wrote two accounts about life in Brazil, both of which extol the possibilities for poor Portuguese colonists. In one treatise he proclaims that as soon as a colonist arrives, no matter how poor, if he obtains slaves “he then has the means for sustenance; because some fish and hunt, and the others produce for him maintenance and crops; and so little by little the men become rich and live honorably in the land with more ease than in the Kingdom.” In his history, published in 1576, Gândavo adds that many colonists in Brazil own 200, 300, or even more slaves. Although the Portuguese had pioneered the development of a slave trade from West Africa and despite the fact that the sugar plantations of Bahia and Pernambuco would become vast consumers of slaves from Africa, the vast majority of the slaves that Gândavo refers to were Indian, not African. But, in the 1570s, when Gândavo confidently predicted that even the poor could acquire slaves in Brazil, the reality was that the coastal regions around the Portuguese colonies, with the exception of a few friendly Indian villages, had been left “unpopulated by the natives.” Three powerful factors challenged the future of Indian slavery. One was epidemic disease, such as the smallpox epidemic of 1562 that was described as so terrible that in two or three months 30,000 died. The second was a Jesuit campaign against Indian slavery, which resulted in a new law signed by King Sebastião in 1570 that clearly stated that the Indians of Brazil were free. The third was a rapid increase in the number of slaves arriving in Bahia and Pernambuco from Africa. But while it might seem that high mortality, legal sanctions, and the increase of African slaves would limit the future of Indian slavery, it was not to be so. Instead, Indian slavery expanded dramatically after 1570, due to the emergence of a new, trans-continental, slave trade. Facilitated by mixed-race mamelucos, this trade brought Indians from the sertão (inland wilderness frontier) to the coastal plantations. This is the first manifestation of a phenomenon that would repeat itself in later centuries in São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, and Amazonia. Known as bandeirismo, it would make Indian slavery an integral part of the colonial Brazilian economy and society. The expeditions from Bahia and Pernambuco from 1570 to 1600 descended thousands of Indians for the sugar plantations of the Bahian Recôncavo, reinforcing Indian slavery in spite of high mortality, royal laws to the contrary, and the increase of African slavery.
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Quadros, Lydia S., Arathy Babu und Antony Sylvan D'souza. „FACIAL ARTERY ON FACE - A STUDY ON SOUTH INDIAN CADAVERS AND SPECIMENS“. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, Nr. 03 (September 2013): 072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703682.
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Abstract Context: Facial artery is usually the main artery supplying the face. It gives three named branches on the face, the inferior labial, the superior labial and the lateral nasal and continues as the angular artery. Face is also supplied by the transverse facial artery and the arteries accompanying the cutaneous nerves. Aim: In the present study, variations of facial artery on face were observed. Settings & design: Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. Material & method: The present study was performed on 38 males and 12 females' formalin-fixed hemi-faces. Diameter of facial artery was noted at two specific points using a fine microcaliper. Results: The variations were divided into 3 categories. Out of 38 male hemi-faces, 100% right and 78% left hemi-faces belonged to type I category; 22% left hemi-faces belonged to Type III category. Out of 12 female hemi-faces, 80% right and 80% left hemi-faces belonged to Type I category, 18% left hemi-faces belonged to Type II category and 20% right and 2% left hemi-faces belonged to Type III category. Premasseteric branch was observed in 4 hemi-faces; a duplex with a prominent lateral angular branch was observed in 4 hemi-faces and anenlarged transverse facial artery was seen in 2 hemi-faces. The diameter of facial artery at its origin and at the antero-inferior angle of masseter muscle was larger in males. Conclusion: This study shows that the variations in the branches and the diameter of the facial artery were relatively larger in males when compared to females.
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., Shubhrica, und Swati Tomar. „Normative Data of Anterior Chamber Volume in Normal Indian Adults by Pentacam“. Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 7, Nr. 2 (22.04.2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20220401.
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The present study was conducted in 250 normal Indian subjects (500 eyes) of either sex to assess anterior chamber volume (ACV) to establish normal values in the adult Indian population without any eye disease for reference for future studies. The ACV was assessed by using pentacam. ACV was found to be 164±27.75 mm3. There was no significant difference in ACV values of right and left eyes (p=0.6839). ACV values were not comparable with different studies due to variation in ethnicity of various countries. Keywords: Normative Data, Anterior Chamber Volume, Normal Indian Adults, Pentacam.
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Chen, Yu. „Main problems, opportunities and Countermeasures of China India cooperation from the perspective of Geopolitics“. SHS Web of Conferences 163 (2023): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316304003.
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Based on the development and changes of Sino-Indian relations since the 21st century, this paper analyzes the geopolitical problems faced by Sino-Indian cooperation from the perspectives of conflict of strategic interests in the Indian Ocean, issues left over from history, and interference from third-party countries. The development opportunities faced by China-India cooperation are analyzed from three aspects: infrastructure investment, India’s social and economic structural transformation, and China’s new strategic layout, and prospects for cooperation between China and India in the post-epidemic period are prospected.
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Marianayagam, David, und Ashima Vallathan. „Cephalometric Norms for Indian Adults using Digital Posteroanterior Analysis“. World Journal of Dentistry 2, Nr. 3 (2011): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1083.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Facial and radiographic records in orthodontics are based on the profile. Aim of this study is to establish norms from digital posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms for Indian adults. Materials and methods The subjects included 45 Indian men and 55 Indian women, mean age 25 to 30 years. Subjects had ideal occlusion and a well-balanced face. About 12 linear measurements were determined using digital radiograph. Results There was statistically significant difference between male and female samples. Comparison between the Indian men and women indicated larger measurements for men. Conclusion According to these results new PA clinical norms are presented to Indian orthodontists for diagnosis and planning. Abbreviations ANS—Anterior nasal spine, A3-B3—Upper and lower canine right side, 3A-3B—Upper and lower canine left side Me—Menton.
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Hameed, Sameena. „India’s Labour Agreements with the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: An Assessment“. International Studies 58, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2021): 442–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00208817211055344.
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Despite the Indian government's proactive initiatives and reforms in the labour laws in the host countries, the welfare of Indian workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries remains compromised. The Indian workers continue to face exploitation, often left stranded or forced to return home penniless. In line with best global practices, India’s Bilateral Labour Agreements (BLAs) and Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with all the GCC countries need to make specific reference to the host countries' labour laws and facilitate bilateral coordination in the governance of the full migration cycle. Special focus is needed in the construction sector, where a vast majority of low-skilled Indian workers are employed. The article examines the effectiveness of India’s BLAs and MoUs with the GCC countries in protecting the low-skilled Indian workers in the region.
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Kumar, Ajay, Alok Tripathi, Shilpi Jain, Satyam Khare, Ram Kumar Kaushik, Hina Kausar und Saurabh Arora. „Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Optic Foramen in North Indian Population“. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 08, Nr. 02 (April 2019): 053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1689079.
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Abstract Introduction Optic canal connects orbit to middle cranial fossa. Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass through this canal. The aim of the present study is to make morphometric and anatomical observations of endocranial opening of optic canal. Materials and Methods The observations were conducted on 30 dry adult human skulls. The observations were made on shape, margins, confluence, septations, dimensions, and distance of optic foramen from apex of petrous temporal bone. Result and Statistical Analysis On morphometric observation, transverse diameter (TD) was 6.00 mm and 6.15 mm on the left and the right side, respectively. The vertical diameter (VD) was 5.14 mm on the left side and 4.82 mm on the right side. The distance of optic foramen to apex of petrous temporal bone was 21.84 mm on the left side and 21.90 mm on the right side. The mean, standard deviation, range, and p value were measured by using SPSS software version 19.00. Conclusion In the present study we attempt to provide a comprehensive anatomical and morphometric data of optic foramen that may help ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons during surgery.