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1
Tomalin, Emma. „THE LIMITATIONS OF RELIGIOUS ENVIRONMENTALISM FOR INDIA“. Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 6, Nr. 1 (2002): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853502760184577.
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AbstractMany environmentalists draw upon religious teachings to argue that humanity ought to transform its relationship with the natural world. They maintain that religious systems teach that the earth is sacred and has an intrinsic value beyond its use value to humanity. However, whilst many cultures have religious practices or teachings associated with the natural world, such traditions of nature religion ought to be distinguished from religious environmentalism. This paper suggests that religious environmentalism is limited because it is a product of Western ideas about nature, in particular a 'romantic' vision of nature as a realm of purity and aesthetic value. Although in India, for example, people worship certain trees, this is not evidence of an inherent environmental awareness, if only because such practices are very ancient and pre-date concerns about a global environmental crisis. Moreover, many people in developing countries, such as India, are directly dependent upon the natural world and cannot afford radically to alter their behaviour towards nature to accommodate religious environmentalist goals.
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Tomalin, Emma. „Bio-divinity and Biodiversity: Perspectives on Religion and Environmental Conservation in India“. Numen 51, Nr. 3 (2004): 265–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568527041945481.
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AbstractReligious environmentalists argue that religious traditions teach that the Earth is sacred and that this has traditionally served to exert control over how people interact with the natural world. However, while the recognition of "bio-divinity" is a feature of many religious traditions, including Hinduism, this is to be distinguished from religious environmentalism which involves the conscious application of religious ideas to modern concerns about the global environment. Religious environmentalism is a post-materialist environmental philosophy that has emerged from the West and has its roots in the eighteenth century European "Romantic Movement." Using the example of sacred grove preservation in India, this paper assesses the extent to which claims that Hinduism is environmentally friendly are the product of an elite middle-class environmentalist ideology and hence of little relevance to the majority of Hindus. However, the fact that discourses about sacred grove preservation have become common within discussions about the conservation of biodiversity in India might suggest that religious environmentalism does have a broader relevance. While religious institutions have, on the whole, paid little attention to environmental issues in India, one area where ecological causes have made an impact is within Hindu nationalist groups such as the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP). This paper concludes with a discussion of the similarities between the historicist strategies of the Hindu Right and religious environmentalism, and discusses the anti-Tehri dam campaign where representatives of both have been involved in protest activity to protect the River Ganges.
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Saha, Shantanu, Vishal Soodan und Shivani Rakesh Shroff. „Predicting Consumer Intentions to Purchase Genetically Modified Food“. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.293245.
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Environmentalist are sceptical towards the burgeoning interests of consumers in GM crops and the products are under careful observation of the scientific researchers and policymakers present all around the globe. The objective of the paper is to examine the Developing Nation consumers intention towards GM Food as a purchase choice. To elucidate the role played by determinant factors such as Environmentalism and Emotional Involvement followed by factors from TPB was used to determine the consumer intentions. The study has exploited the hypermarket trends of Indian city, Chandigarh, which is capital to states of Haryana and Punjab, by using a cross-sectional survey comprising of 744 number of consumers. Result shows that among the five determinant factors, Attitude, Environmentalism and Perceived Behavioral Control are the key determinants that play a substantial role in influencing consumers to purchase GM Food. The findings of the study will prove beneficial in augmenting the adoption of GM Food by increasing social desirability and meeting the food security demand of India.
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Rangan, H. „Indian Environmentalism and the Question of the State: Problems and Prospects for Sustainable Development“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1997): 2129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a292129.
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The author focuses on the problems inherent in environmentalist critiques of the Indian state, and the inability of their authors to provide a useful analytical approach for reforming state institutions engaged in environmental regulation and natural-resource management. After a review of the arguments made by leading spokespersons of Indian environmentalism, the author provides an alternative framework for understanding the different forms of state intervention in natural-resource management in colonial and postcolonial India. Three factors that have shaped dominant policy phases and strategies of state institutions engaged in resource management are highlighted: major shifts in the political and economic processes that create pressures for state intervention; competing demands on state institutions that shape the ways in which intervention occurs; and conflicts, disputes, and negotiations that redefine the exercise of state control and the forms of resource management. In focusing on the interplay of these three factors, the author illustrates the continuities and major shifts in resource-management strategies adopted by state institutions in India. The inherent weaknesses (and reactionary populism) of Indian environmental debates are discussed, together with the inability of those involved to articulate strategies for moving towards sustainable urban and regional development within the recent policy phase of deregulation and market expansion in India.
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Vasan, Sudha. „We Are All Environmentalists! Framing Life in the National Green Tribunal, India“. Journal of Developing Societies 37, Nr. 2 (07.05.2021): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x211001229.
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India has set up one of the first national-level legal bodies, the National Green Tribunal (NGT), dedicated exclusively to address cases under environmental laws. My research follows a case filed in the NGT by an indigenous community against a hydel power project in the western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, examining how diverse and opposing parties in this case represent themselves as environmentalists. It reveals a narrative sphere where entirely opposite actions and actors are legitimated in and through the NGT in environmental terms. This article suggests that green courts provoke green narratives and examines how diverse actors respond and engage with this demand. Individuals are interpellated in this juridical field to understand and present themselves as environmentalists. Environment is a meta-narrative in this juridical field, constituting environmentalist subjectivity of all actors within this field by the very process of hailing them.
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Kallyani, Ranjith, und N. C. Narayanan. „People’s Science Movement and the Missing People: Save Silent Valley Movement and the Scientisation of Environmental Debates in Kerala“. Dialogue – Science, Scientists, and Society 6, Nr. 1 (21.09.2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29195/dsss.06.01.74.
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Though primarily understood as New Social Movements (NSM), People’s Science Movements (PSM) in India are also a favourite theme for Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholars. Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) is often projected as a pioneering reference point for studying PSMs. KSSP also figures in Environmental Social Sciences discussions because of its active involvement in the Save Silent Valley Movement (SSVM), one of India’s successful anti-dam environmental movements. While KSSP was foregrounded toabstract some attributes of PSMs by STS scholars, SSVM was one of the environmental movements epitomised to develop explanations on Indian Environmentalism. While agreeing with the PSM’s attributes conferred on KSSP, this paper questions the extent of SSVM’s commonalities with other environmental movements in the debates on Indian Environmentalism.
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Mandala, Vijaya Ramadas. „Contesting the Colonizer or Hopeless Submission? Colonialism, Indigeneity, and Environmental Thinking in India, 1857–1910“. Asian Review of World Histories 9, Nr. 2 (16.07.2021): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340093.
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Abstract This article examines in detail how the forms of national or indigenous consciousness emerged in the sphere of Indian political ecology between 1857 and 1910. The subjects of “ecological indigeneity” and “dispossession” formed as defining characteristics in the articulation of this ecopolitical thinking. The scholarship to date has produced voluminous writings on the political, economic, and social dimension of the histories of colonial unrest, but it has not adequately addressed the issue of how the subtext of environmentalism greatly mattered in shaping some of the resistance movements. Focusing on the period between the 1857 revolt and 1910, this study evaluates three groups – (1) the 1857 Indian rebels and the Gonds; (2) the ādivāsī tribes of Bastar in 1910; and (3) the early Indian Congress Nationalists in the 1880s – to elucidate the emergence of environmentalism and indigenous dispossession in colonial India, which became foundational in critiquing British interventionist policies.
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M. Angkayarkan Vinayakaselvi und R. Abinaya. „Digital Environmental Humanities: Scholarship and Activism in India“. Shanlax International Journal of English 12, S1-Dec (14.12.2023): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/rtdh.v12is1-dec.74.
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The advent of digital age impacted a massive transformation in the academia and dissemination of information and communication and also how human cognition takes place and such changes will only accelerate. Digital Humanities is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry that uses the methodologies of digital technological innovations to study humanities. Digital environmental humanities is a branch of digital humanities that deals with the intersections of digital arena and environmental concerns This article intends study the position of digital environmental humanities in Indian environmentalism. It also attempts to place on the Indian context of the field and trace the scholarship and activism of digital environmental humanities in India.
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Lahiri, Dibyajyoti. „Playing human“. Science Fiction Film & Television: Volume 14, Issue 3 14, Nr. 3 (01.10.2021): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2021.24.
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While Indian cinema has a rich tradition of ‘creature features‘, these films have traditionally drawn from Indigenous myth and folklore, rather than engaging with the environmentalist themes that are a staple in Western creature features. S. Shankar’s 2.0 (2018) marked an important moment in Indian cinema as the first true example of a mainstream Indian film that is unequivocally categorisable as ecohorror. However, the emergence of such a film text is not devoid of a historical context, nor is the near-absence of environmentalism in previous Indian ‘creature features’ devoid of reason. This essay is an attempt to trace how a film like 2.0 emerges within the Indian cultural context, how it assimilates prefigured Indigenous ideas as well as culturally translocated and subsequently Indianised ideas, and what new meaning is created in the process. My discussion primarily revolves around the theme of anthromorphism, which is commonly used in the visual and narrative portrayal of monsters in ‘creature features’. My arguments, while inter-linked, are divisible into four broad parts. Firstly, I locate the differences in Indian and Western ‘creature features’ in the differing cultural perceptions of anthropomorphism and anthropomorphised beings. For this, I draw on Paul Ricoeur’s theory of threefold mimesis, which links narratives to particular cultural repositories, and James Clifford’s notion of ‘traveling cultures’, which describes the modification of those repositories through cultural exchange. I locate the Indian economic liberalisation in the 1990s as an important historical juncture for the modification of the cultural repository. To make my case, I refer to existing criticism of Indian sf, marking the shifts from the post-colonial era through the post-1990s era. Secondly, I engage with the visual form of 2.0’s monster, focusing on the incorporation of both nature and technology in its design, and how it is significant. I draw from Western posthumanist theory, especially Donna Haraway’s concept of the ‘humanimal‘, and compare it with the Indigenous ecocentric imagination of the world where humans and nonhumans are kindred figures. Thirdly, I argue that the film, both at the narrative and visual level, constructs a vision of the Anthropocene that is not anthropocentric. It accomplishes this by consciously de-centring human characters, shifting the focus to everything that is of humans. Fourthly, I consolidate the previous argument by analysing how the film makes use of humour, especially dark humour, in order to accentuate its decentring of humans by the anthropomorphised, or human-like. Looking ahead, I propose the likelihood of 2.0 being the first of many Indian ‘creature features’ that mark a cultural shift from the mythological paradigm to the environmentalist paradigm. As such, a close analysis of the film as text and its corresponding context, focused on how it draws from and modifies its cultural repository, is significant in terms of laying the groundwork for future discussion.
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GIBLIN, JAMES L. „GLOBAL SWEEP Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600–1860. By RICHARD H. GROVE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xiv + 540. £45 (ISBN 0-521-40385-5).“ Journal of African History 38, Nr. 1 (März 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796466907.
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Finding that very little of Richard Grove's history of European environmental thought deals with continental Africa, historians of Africa may decide against immersing themselves in its complex global sweep and intricate detail. They can absorb Grove's crucial lessons, however, by turning to his final one hundred pages, where he surveys colonial environmental thought and policy in India during the first half of the nineteenth century, and presents his conclusions about environmentalism and empire. In these pages, Grove draws together the numerous threads of his earlier chapters, which discuss European thinking about environmental change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries on the islands of St Helena, Mauritius and the Caribbean. Having followed his discussion of island environmentalism by tracing the evolution of British environmental thought in India during the period of East India Company rule, Grove concludes by arguing that ‘modern environmentalism ... emerged as a direct response to the destructive social and ecological conditions of colonial rule’ (p. 486).
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RASHKOW, EZRA. „Resistance to Hunting in Pre-independence India: Religious environmentalism, ecological nationalism or cultural conservation?“ Modern Asian Studies 49, Nr. 2 (01.12.2014): 270–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000110.
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AbstractThis article presents new evidence with which to evaluate the validity of the popular picture of religious environmentalism in India. It examines accounts of a large number of incidents described in Indian language newspapers, the colonial archive, and hunting literature published between the 1870s and 1940s, in which British and other sportsmen clashed with villagers in India while out hunting. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the colonial sports-hunting obsession was in its heyday, but opposition to hunting across India was also mounting. Rural villagers, in particular, were often willing to become involved in physical combat with hunters, apparently in order to protect local wildlife. Sportsmen often assumed that it was religious fanaticism that made Hindus defend the lives of what they saw as game animals, trophies, and specimens. The article provides evidence that, in addition to religion, a mixture of other motivations explains Hindu interest in the conservation of certain species. Anti-colonial consciousness, assertions of local authority and territoriality, and an environmental ethic can all be identified as being at work. The end result was the increased conservation of certain species of wildlife.
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Chandiramani, N. „Genetically Modified Crops: A Step Forward or Catastrophe?“ Lex Genetica 2, Nr. 2 (16.02.2024): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/lexgen-2023-2-2-74-84.
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For thousands of years India has been producing plants with desirable traits by conventional breeding methods. Through controlled cross breeding, several generations of our indigenous farming families have not only identified and selected but have also combined and propagated plants with favorable characteristics. This has been succinctly put by Viva Kermani, the environmentalist, in the following way: ‘Indian farmers have legitimate claims to be scientists, innovators, natural resource stewards, seed savers and hybridization experts.’ It is, therefore, ironical and agonizing that even though non-genetically modified agriculture is inextricably intertwined with Indian culture, history and ethos, and India produces enough to satisfy the hunger of its masses, there has been a push to promote genetically modified crops [GMCs] in India. Mammoth seed MNCs are greedily waiting to prey upon our multi-billion rupee seed market. This will create havoc with the lives of our farming communities; human, animal and plant life; agriculture and food safety and security; environment; and our rich bio-diversity.What are GMCs? Is there a need for such crops in India? Are there any risks related to GMCs? Do case studies support the mythical advantages of GMCs? What is the road ahead for India? This paper raises these questions.
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Islam, Md Saidul, und Md Nazrul Islam. „“Environmentalism of the poor”: the Tipaimukh Dam, ecological disasters and environmental resistance beyond borders“. Bandung: Journal of the Global South 3, Nr. 1 (30.06.2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-016-0030-5.
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The Indian government recently resumed the construction of the Tipaimukh Dam on the Barak River just 1 km north of Bangladesh’s north-eastern border. The construction work was stalled in March 2007 in the wake of massive protests from within and outside India. Experts have argued that the Dam, when completed, would cause colossal disasters to Bangladesh and India, with the former being vastly affected: the Dam would virtually dry up the Surma and Kushiara, two important rivers for Bangladesh. Therefore, this controversial Dam project has generated immense public discontents leading to wider mass-movements in Bangladesh, India, and around the world. The movement has taken various forms, ranging from simple protests to a submission of a petition to the United Nations. Drawing on the “environmentalism of the poor” as a conceptual metaphor, the article examines this global movement to show how environmental resistance against the Tipaimukh Dam has transcended national borders and taken on a transnational form by examining such questions as: who is protesting, why, in what ways, and with what effects. In order to elucidate the impending social and ecological impacts, which would potentially disrupt communities in South Asia, the paper offers some pragmatic policy recommendations that also seek to augment social mobility in the region.
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Sinha, Subir, Shubhra Gururani und Brian Greenberg. „The ‘new traditionalist’ discourse of Indian environmentalism“. Journal of Peasant Studies 24, Nr. 3 (April 1997): 65–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066159708438643.
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Krejčík, Jiří. „From Gandhi to Deendayal: contradictions of conservative Hindu tendencies in Indian environmental thinking“. Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais 19, Nr. 2 (09.08.2019): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2019.2.31973.
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This article examines the traditionalist and conservative trends in the environmental thinking in India, especially in the works of M. K. Gandhi and Deendayal Upadhyay. Special attention is paid to the latter’s concept of integral humanism, which has recently become a widely discussed idea in the Indian public discourse. Exploring their ideological bases, Gandhian spiritual radicalism and Deendayal’s integral humanism are placed into the broader trend of the Indian nationalist and environmentalist thinking, showing the possible convergence of ecology and social conservatism. Analyzing the implications of the authoritarian and non-egalitarian tendencies in the society, it shows how the Indian environmentalist movements drawing on Brahminical traditions and Gandhian thinking become prone to be hijacked by the Hindu nationalism. *** De Gandhi a Deendayal: contradições nas tendências conservadoras hindus no pensamento ecológico indiano ***Este artigo examina as tendências tradicionalistas e conservadoras no pensamento ambiental na Índia, especialmente nos trabalhos de M. K. Gandhi e Deendayal Upadhyay. Uma atenção especial é dada ao conceito de humanismo integral, desse último autor, que recentemente se tornou uma ideia amplamente discutida no discurso público indiano. Explorando suas bases ideológicas, o radicalismo espiritual de Gandhi e o humanismo integral de Deendayal são colocados na tendência mais ampla do pensamento nacionalista e ambientalista indiano, mostrando a possível convergência da ecologia e do conservadorismo social. Analisando as implicações das tendências autoritárias e não-igualitárias na sociedade, isso mostra como os movimentos ambientalistas indianos, baseando-se nas tradições bramânicas e no pensamento de Gandhi, tendem a ser sequestrados pelo nacionalismo hindu.Palavras-chave: Índia. Ambientalismo. Tradicionalismo. Hinduísmo. Nacionalismo hindu. Humanismo integral.
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Crow, Ben. „Environmentalism in India: Modernity and history's curses“. Science as Culture 1, Nr. 4 (Januar 1988): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505438809526228.
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Mundoli, Seema. „How a tree-hugging protest transformed Indian environmentalism“. Nature 627, Nr. 8005 (26.03.2024): 730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00895-y.
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Jaiswal, Sreeja. „Looking beyond the idyllic representations of the rural: The Konkan Railway controversy and middle-class environmentalism in India“. Journal of Political Ecology 25, Nr. 1 (01.08.2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.22046.
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Post-independence India has had its share of controversies around mega-infrastructure projects that have pitted environmental preservation against development concerns. This article studies the environmental controversy around one such megaproject, the Konkan Railway, employing a framework that integrates the environmental values, beliefs and behaviour of individuals and groups with a historical understanding of political economy and ecology (science). Essentialist and over-simplified environmental discourses, without scientific credibility and not based on historical facts, are often influential in policy making, especially when channelled by the middle classes. Better understanding our present concerns and guiding decisions and policies to deal with the problems we currently face, requires unmasking the romanticization of the countryside. We must replace the idyllic version of the past with a nuanced historical understanding of the interaction between nature and culture. This article also locates the controversy over the Konkan Railway within the frames used to study Indian environmentalism. The aim is to improve our understanding of the regional, ideological and cultural pluralities in environmental values, beliefs and behaviour of the middle class in India.
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Lahiri, Imankalyan, und Nalanda Roy. „CIVIC ENVIRONMENTALISM IN INDIA: ISSUES, THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES“. Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 8, Nr. 1 (Juni 2004): 197–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598404110012.
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Perkins, Richard. „Globalizing Corporate Environmentalism? Convergence and Heterogeneity in Indian Industry“. Studies in Comparative International Development 42, Nr. 3-4 (16.11.2007): 279–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12116-007-9007-3.
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Pandey, Anjali. „VEGETATION IN INDIAN ART“. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 1, Nr. 1 (26.06.2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v1.i1.2020.8.
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Indian art is a vivid presentation of various forms of nature. In many ancient cultures trees are treated with acclaim and affection but in India treated with reverence and love. The concept of tree, as a symbol of life, of eternity and resumption is as old as humankind. The environmentalists evaluate their importance for the world's ecosystem as they are used in numerous ways in everyday life but their aspect is that they are the symbol of divinity of nature with beauty and cultural values.
Nature with its qualities helps the creatures in their survival. The beauty of nature can be perceived in its utility and man can pay his attributes with the awareness towards the protection of nature.
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Misra, Shalini. „Spirituality, Culture and the Politics of Environmentalism in India“. Journal of Entrepreneurship 16, Nr. 2 (Juli 2007): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097135570701600201.
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Klossner, David, und Kalle Lyytinen. „Organizational Consciousness: Factors that Influence Environmentalism on MNCs in India“. Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, Nr. 1 (Juli 2012): 10681. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.60.
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Anantharaman, Manisha. „Is it sustainable consumption or performative environmentalism?“ Consumption and Society 1, Nr. 1 (August 2022): 120–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/lttt8626.
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What are the cultural politics of what becomes recognised as sustainable consumption and consequently good environmental citizenship? And how does this contour who is able to participate in urban environmental politics? In this article, I draw on Bourdieusian theories of distinction to explore the links between (sustainable) consumption, moral authority and participation in environmental politics in Bangalore, India. I re-theorise the term performative environmentalism to argue that when the new middle classes successfully claim cultural authority over sustainable consumption, it obscures the daily environmental practices of the poor in a manner that further disenfranchises their already tenuous right to the city and its environments. This analysis connects the study of consumption practices to scholarship on just sustainabilities by exploring the relational poverty and class politics of sustainable consumption. By focusing on how sustainability and poverty discourses articulate with each other, I show that performative environmentalism exacerbates the exclusion of the working poor from participation in environmental politics by reinforcing class inequalities, restigmatising poverty and monopolising ecological legitimacy for higher status groups. Doing so, I connect cultural and practice-based studies of green consumption to broader questions about how inequality is reproduced in neoliberalising cities through everyday practices.
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Strahorn, E. „Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India“. Environmental History 19, Nr. 2 (25.02.2014): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emu025.
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Kent, Eliza. „Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India“. Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 13, Nr. 1 (2009): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853508x394490.
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AbstractIn recent years, environmentalists and scholars of religion have shown an enormous interest in the pan-Indian phenomenon of “sacred groves,” small forests or stands of trees whose produce is set aside for the exclusive use of a deity. This article seeks to contribute to scholarship on sacred groves by considering the meanings that Tamil villagers in the Madurai region attach to them. First, I describe the answers that people give when asked why they do not cut the trees in sacred groves: namely, the trees are the shade-giving temples or beauty-enhancing adornments of the deity. Second, I contextualize local discourse about sacred groves in the environmental and political history of the region to uncover old paradigms that inform present-day beliefs and practices. The forest gods of Tamil Nadu, I argue, are closely modeled on the pālaiyakkārars (or poligars) of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, fierce local chieftains who formed alliances with, and sometimes defied, generations of rulers seeking to subdue the region. The often violent modes of worship these gods require has evoked considerable criticism, but I believe they have a lot to teach us about how people thrived for centuries in an unusually harsh environmental milieu.
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BHATTA, RAMACHANDRA, und MAHADEV BHAT. „Impacts of aquaculture on the management of estuaries in India“. Environmental Conservation 25, Nr. 2 (Juni 1998): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892998000162.
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The emergence of commercial aquaculture in estuaries along the coast of Karnataka, India, has resulted in the breakdown of traditional methods of resource management and adverse impacts on the coastal environment. Based on field survey, personal discussions and published literature, we analyzed the evolution of different market (economic), traditional, and regulatory institutions governing the use of estuarine resources in the study area over the last three decades, and identified the environmental and social impacts of this evolution. In the past, informal associations of farmers in the estuarine floodplains had managed lands for raising crops and brackish-water fish in a sustainable way. In recent years, under economic and political pressures, landowners leased their lands to commercial shrimp-producers. A rapid growth in the production of commercial shrimp, employment of unsustainable production technologies, and laxity in environmental regulation have caused negative ecological and economic impacts on communities dependent on estuarine resources. Through a recent order from the Indian Supreme Court, environmentalists and the affected communities have sought to ban commercial aquaculture in ecologically-sensitive areas. While this court order awaits implementation, several policy options are here suggested for local, state and central governments in India in order to protect the estuarine environment.
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Shubham, Shubham, Parikshit Charan und L. S. Murty. „Institutional pressure and the implementation of corporate environment practices: examining the mediating role of absorptive capacity“. Journal of Knowledge Management 22, Nr. 7 (08.10.2018): 1591–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-12-2016-0531.
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Purpose Contemporary frameworks on institutional theory and corporate environmentalism observe that institutional fields positively influence a firm’s environmental response in the form of implementation of environmental practices. These frameworks, however, provide little evidence on why firms facing similar institutional field differ in their environmental response. This paper aims to incorporate the intra-organizational dynamics within the traditional institutional theory framework to address this heterogeneity, examining specifically the role of absorptive capacity for environmental knowledge in the organizational implementation of corporate environmental practices. Design/methodology/approach Integrating the institutional theory and resource-based view, this paper examines the mediating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between institutional pressure for corporate environmentalism vis-a-vis the implementation of corporate environmental practices. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used for hypotheses testing based on data obtained from the Indian apparel and textile industry. Findings The results support the mediating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between institutional pressure and implementation of corporate environmental practices. Further, this study highlights the importance of acquisition and utilization of environmental knowledge in driving environmentalism through developing absorptive capacity; the findings also suggest that the role of institutional pressure in the implementation of environmental practices should not be analyzed in isolation but rather in conjunction with the development of absorptive capacity that forms the internal basis of implementation. Practical implications Managers need to focus on the development of organizational capabilities for acquiring and exploiting environmental knowledge to complement their preparedness in responding to any institutional pressures for environmental sustainability. Firms also need to link their environmental orientation with various sources of environmental knowledge and capabilities residing outside the organizational boundaries. It is important to note here that the development of absorptive capacities for the exploration and exploitation of external knowledge is indeed both required and necessary to build sustainable organizational capabilities. Originality/value This paper is among the very few studies that address the issue of knowledge and development of related organizational capabilities for corporate environmentalism. Recognizing that environmental knowledge resides outside organizational boundaries with regulatory agencies and special interest groups, this paper highlights the importance of developing organizational capabilities for the acquisition and exploitation of environmental knowledge.
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Nadasdy, P. „Transcending the Debate over the Ecologically Noble Indian: Indigenous Peoples and Environmentalism“. Ethnohistory 52, Nr. 2 (01.04.2005): 291–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-52-2-291.
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Garai, Amit. „Environmental Thought of Other Philosopher vs. Tagore’s thought“. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 7, Nr. 10 (17.10.2023): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2023.v07i10.003.
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Environmental philosophy aims to prompt an effective human response to connected problems by understanding the unquestioned beliefs and presumptions. Tagore's environmental philosophy differs from other philosophers by promoting a holistic view of the environment. Tagore's environmental thought recognizes the intrinsic value of all living beings and emphasizes a spiritual and conscious transformation in humans' relationship with nature. Ambedkar's ideas are crucial to the dominant discourse, which is characterized by a concern for transforming the natural world to address social issues generated. The focus of this paper is on the impact of Gandhi's, Ambedkar's, and Tagore's environmental thoughts on Indian environmentalism.
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Tavşan, Filiz, und Umay Bektaş. „Sustainable Design Approaches of Leed-Certified Healthcare Buildings“. Journal of Interior Design and Academy 3, Nr. 1 (19.07.2023): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53463/inda.20230187.
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Rapidly advancing technology and increasing consumption habits in human needs have increased production and construction. Natural resources and raw materials have been rapidly consumed and the natural environment has been destroyed. The deteriorating ecological balance has caused environmental problems. Realizing that today's humanity and future generations are under threat, the scientific world has turned to environmentalist and sustainable studies in order to prevent environmental problems. For these reasons, in this study, healthcare buildings with LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certificate, which is a sustainability certification system, were examined and compared under the main headings of management, energy and atmosphere, material, indoor environmental quality, water, transportation, land and ecology, innovation, pollution, waste management. As a result of the study, it was seen that LEED certified healthcare buildings prioritize materials and water and indoor quality criteria, while the use of natural resources and transportation criteria remain in the background.
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Mondal, Mitra. „AN APPRAISAL OF BISHNOI MOVEMENT“. SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 10, Nr. 49 (31.10.2021): 12153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v10i49.9758.
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The Bishnoi are one of the first community in India, who give emphasis on environment conservation and wildlife protection in their lives. They are also known as the first environmentalists of India. They showed the real path of sustainable development through simple approach to life. In 1730 AD they sacrificed their lives to save the environment. This paper depicts the faith of Bishnoi about nature and in conservation of environment. It also highlights on Bishnoi movement and concludes that they teach us how to protect trees to save our planet.
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Ghosh, Nilanjan. „The Himalayan dilemma: a deep treatise on environmentalism in China and India“. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 13, Nr. 3 (18.08.2017): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2017.1345195.
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Storz, Maximilian Andreas, und Eric P. Heymann. „On the Interrelationship Between Global and Public Health and a Healthy Environment: A Discussion with Professor Linda Selvey“. University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 6, Nr. 2 (30.11.2016): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v6i2.1795.
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ABSTRACTDr. Linda Selvey is currently associate professor in the School of Public Health at Curtin University in Perth, Australia. She is not only a renowned Public Health physician but also has a PhD in Immunology. Her remarkable career includes projects and campaigns around the globe, encompassing countries such as Australia, Nepal, India, the Philippines and Liberia [1,2]. More recently, she was involved in the response to the Ebola epidemic and worked for the World Health Organization as a Field Coordinator for the Montserrado County in Liberia [3].In the early 1980s she became an active environmentalist and is particularly passionate about climate change and its health implications. She has been involved in many environmental campaigns and between 2009 and 2011 she was CEO of Greenpeace Australia Pacific. Based on her huge experience in both global (and public) health and medicine, she often emphasizes on the strong links between environmentalism and health advocacy. These are going to be discussed in the interview below, including useful advice for medical students interested in global and public health.RÉSUMÉDre Linda Selvey travaille actuellement comme professeure agrégée au sein de l’École de santé publique de l’Université Curtin à Perth, en Australie. Détentrice d’un doctorat en immunologie, son travail en santé publique se distingue par de nombreux projets internationaux l’ayant menée dans divers pays, y compris l’Australie, le Népal, l’Inde et les Philippines. Elle a également récemment participé aux efforts de contrôle et d’éradication de l’Ebola au Liberia en tant que coordinatrice sur le terrain pour l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé [1-3].Depuis les années 1980, Dre Selvey a une passion pour le changement climatique et ses effets parfois délétères sur l’homme et la santé publique. Cet intérêt s’est traduit entre autres par plusieurs campagnes pour l’environnement, allant jusqu’à siéger comme PDG de Greenpeace pour la région Australie Pacifique. S’établissant sur de longues années d’expérience, Dre Selvey préconise aujourd’hui une surveillance étroite entre la santé publique et l’environnement. C’est avec cela en tête que nous nous sommes entretenues avec Dre Selvey. Cet entretien comprend entre autres des recommandations pour les étudiants en médecine qui s’intéressent à la santé publique.
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Ture, Rameshwar Shivadas, und M. P. Ganesh. „Pro-environmental behaviours at workplace“. Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, Nr. 9 (29.11.2018): 3743–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-07-2017-0193.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of individual and organisational factors on pro-environmental behaviours of the employees at the workplace.Design/methodology/approachA model explaining pro-environmental behaviours at workplace has been proposed based on contemporary literature related to value-belief-norm (VBN) theory, corporate environmentalism framework and norm. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 20 manufacturing organisations in India and 383 useful individual responses were collected. The proposed model has been tested with the help of structural regression analysis.FindingsThe results of the study show that both individual characteristics as well as organisational efforts influence employees’ pro-environmental behaviours. However, the effect varies as per the type of behaviour. Personal norm mediates the relationship between subjective social norm and two types of pro-environmental behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsAn individual faces subjective or objective constraints while exhibiting pro-environmental behaviours. The effect of subjective or the objective constraint needs to be explored in future studies.Originality/valueTo explain pro-environmental behaviours at workplace the authors tested VBN theory, as it was overlooked till date in management literature. It also contributes to the VBN literature by extending it to include organisational variables like corporate environmentalism and social psychological variable like social norm.
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Alagoz, Bulent, und Ozkan Akman. „Anthropocentric or Ecocentric Environmentalism? Views of University Students“. Higher Education Studies 6, Nr. 4 (20.09.2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v6n4p34.
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<p>An Indian proverb says that “the man’s heart toughen as he drifts apart from nature”. Living in harmony with nature is only possible by abandoning of mankind from its idea of dominance on nature. Deep ecology refuses the superiority of human against nature with a radical attitude within ecological philosophy, and it wants the individuals and societies to respect the nature by specially valuing it. One of the main research subjects of the philosophy of science is the relation in between human and nature. The opinions regarding whether the human is a creature who is superior than nature, or whether it is an integral part of it are important in the formation of environmental values and attitudes. And in this study, the relation of individual and nature is being addressed, and it has been tried to examine whether the teacher candidates have an anthropocentric or ecocentric perspective. This study has been performed in order to determine whether teacher candidates adopt the anthropocentric paradigm or the ecocentric paradigm in their perspective against environmental problems. The research has been prepared by using quantitative research techniques by the participation of 426 teacher candidates. Five point likert type New Environmental Paradigm Scale consisting of 15 items has been used as data collection tool. The data obtained in the research has been analyzed by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 22.0 program. According to the data obtained in the research, it has been observed that the genders of the teacher candidates have no effect on their anthropocentric or ecocentric approach to environmental issues. Moreover, the averages of the students were higher in questions measuring the ecocentric approach within the New Environmental Paradigm Scale. The interest and protective style of the family has positive results on the teacher candidates in respect of anthropocentric approach. Nevertheless it has no effect when the ecocentric approach is in subject.</p>
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R, Rema, und Dr N. Karunakaran. „Ecotourism Development and its Economic Impacts on Local Population in India“. Volume 1 Issue 6 1, Nr. 6 (31.08.2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31426/ijamsr.2018.1.6.612.
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Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. It entertains the visitors in a way that does not affect the world's natural and cultural environments. It promotes the preservation of wildlife and natural habitats ensuring for future generations. Aside from tour guides, a range of local businesses benefited from ecotourism. Crafts people, innkeepers and restaurateurs provide services that help tourists discover local features. In fact, education and awareness may be the true benefits of ecotourism and provide the most lasting effect. Ecotourists meeting people who live more closely with nature may learn to live more simply themselves. Meanwhile, locals gain the funds and the ability to pursue more education of their own, giving them a better understanding of world issues like environmentalism
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Bhan, Mona, und Nishita Trisal. „Fluid landscapes, sovereign nature: Conservation and counterinsurgency in Indian-controlled Kashmir“. Critique of Anthropology 37, Nr. 1 (22.02.2017): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x16671786.
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This article analyzes how environmentalism reinscribed violent forms of state sovereignty in the disputed region of Kashmir in the aftermath of a decade-long uprising against Indian rule. After the return of an elected government, six years after its suspension in 1990, environmental restoration legitimized new forms of state and nature making in Kashmir. Nature rather than territory emerged as an arena of citizen activism, which further strengthened the state's ability to regulate the use and management of Kashmir's water resources. State and civic bodies deployed discourses of history and restoration to create new and imagined ecologies based on visions of nostalgia, commerce, and esthetics. By undermining place-based understandings of nature and ecology, discourses of environmental stewardship and conservation ended up fostering violent mechanisms of social and political control.
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Soda, SHEETAL, Anish Sachdeva und Rajiv Kumar Garg. „GSCM: practices, trends and prospects in Indian context“. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 26, Nr. 6 (06.07.2015): 889–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-03-2014-0027.
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Purpose – Environmental friendliness, in context of industrial operations, is an issue that has evoked much interest among environmentalists, governments, academicians and other sections of society in recent times. The said development has been more profound and broad-based in developed economies of the world, though, the trend is catching fast in developing countries, as well. Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is a management technique that aims to make a supply chain eco-friendly, without diluting the organizational objectives. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the scale of adoption and implementation of GSCM practices in the context of Indian industries. Design/methodology/approach – The investigation used literature review approach to determine the current status of implementation of GSCM by Indian industry, and associated aspects of the same. Literature pertaining to the subject in context of non-Indian industries has also been studied for the purpose of rudimentary knowledge on the management concept, as well for comparing the measures taken by foreign-based companies with Indian ones. Findings – The study shows that in general, Indian companies are lacking on the front of adoption and implementation of GSCM measures in their supply chains. Though, certain companies are showing appreciable enthusiasm for the eco-friendly concept, the same does not apply to majority of the Indian enterprises, owing to a multitude of factors. GSCM has the potential to drive economic gains, and can act as a big motivator for companies to go green. As India leaps towards higher levels of industrialization and economic growth, GSCM becomes more of a necessity rather than an option for Indian companies to survive the competition. Practical implications – Findings from this study helps in discerning the present status of GSCM in the country, and assess the same in comparison to that of developed countries. The findings will also help the firms to have a greater understanding of their current standing and the possible gains that can accrue by adoption of GSCM practices in real. The philosophy, stance and endeavours of government with respect to GSCM has also been spelt out in the paper. The paper contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on various aspects of GSCM in the country and the trajectory that it will chart in future. Originality/value – The paper though, brings forth the findings of other researches on the subject of GSCM practices in India in a consolidated manner, yet its value is reflected in the cohesive manner in which contrary findings have been analysed to present a comprehensive and holistic picture of GSCM implementation in India. An attempt has been made not only to assess the inputs of individual firms, but also of government and other stakeholders in their efforts to make supply chains more environment friendly.
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Karmakar, Goutam, Shri Krishan Rai und Sanjukta Banerjee. „The Dichotomy in between Ecocentrism & Anthropocentrism: An Ecocritical Rendering of Two Indian English Poets“. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, Nr. 3 (01.03.2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.3p.15.
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One of the plebeian environmental moral dilemmas that are noticed in third world nations are the dialectical assimilation in between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. Owing to some devout and semipolitical prejudices some people are taking the whip hand over nature snubbing the nature, flora and fauna. But concurrently some of the great unwashed gestate in nature centered ecological system and yielding values to all non-human entities unheeding of their usefulness to human civilization. In the third world Asian countries this situation is even more abominable and eminent eco-socialists assay to exhibit this delineated envision in various ways for it becomes necessitate for them. While it is in the case of literary eminent some Indian English poets conjure up their apotheosis and cerebration through their penned composition. Poets from Indiaon one hand depict the anthropocentric attitude of their native people and simultaneously they assume ecocentric attitude. Exalted bookmen like Keki N.Daruwalla and Shiv K.Kumar evince the world with its acculturation, sights and sounds, predilection, disillusionment, bewilderment and discombobulation ensuing from modern way of living and mentation. So from this vantage point their eco-poems arbitrate in between anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. A construe brooding of some of their oeuvre excogitate light on environmental awareness along with the enactment of human and non-human relation which is often laissez faire and patriarchal. Concurrently their perdurable compositions splay socio-ecologic discouse through which readers can ensnarl with the demography, urbanization, modernization and development of environmental activism. Their abiding oeuvre works like a mirror where the congenial understanding between man and nature along with the scope of verdict is contrived. Working within the peripheries of environmentalism their aeonian verse paves a way through which a solution within this third world environmentalism can be made possible.
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Ponniah, James. „In Continuity with the Past: Indigenous Environmentalism and Indian Christian Visions of Flora“. Journal of Global Catholicism 1, Nr. 1 (20.09.2016): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32436/2475-6423.1002.
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Jairath, Vasundhara. „Environment as Land: Understanding Anti-displacement Politics in Jharkhand“. Journal of Developing Societies 37, Nr. 2 (29.04.2021): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x211001250.
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While environmental claim-making is centered on nature as the object of protection or preservation, the invocation of land remains marginal to discussions on environmentalism. Land claims remain in the realm of agrarian or material discursive practices. This article analyzes an anti-displacement adivasi movement in Jharkhand in India to examine its environmental praxis. The movement articulates a distinct attachment of adivasis to land which undergirds the process of resistance to forceful land acquisition. An environmental discourse is invoked to protect continued access to land, not land itself, thereby acting back on such a discursive politics to inflect it with a material praxis that places the producer at the center.
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Dr. Prithvi Raj Sanyal, Sunita Kumari und Dr. Gulnaz Siddiqui. „Homestay Tourism and Sustainable Development in the Indian Himalayan Region: Prospects & Challenges“. Management Journal for Advanced Research 3, Nr. 5 (30.10.2023): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54741/mjar.3.5.3.
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In developing countries like India, homestay tourism is a relatively a new concept that has been introduced in the field of tourism and travel. It has number of benefits at social, economic and environmental level and simultaneously, it has certain limitations also. Purpose of this research paper is to evaluate the social, economic and environmental issues of homestay in Indian Himalayan Regions so that various tourism policies can be framed. Another purpose is to decide whether homestay is good & safe for an individual as a host and as a guest. Future potentials of home stay tourism has also been highlighted in the present paper and it also carry number of challenges faced by homestay tourism. Some proposed measures to improve homestay tourism have been given. It has been linked with sustainable development also. As per the expectations of the author, the present paper is going to give a lot of ideas & benefits to not only those people who are connected with tourism and travel but it will also give an idea to the govt., environmentalist, young generation, gen-z (specially residing in Himalayan region), spiritual and religious organisations, people interested in knowing the traditions and culture of other regions and to both guest and host community. The focus of the paper is empowering local and rural communities towards homestay tourism and preserving heritage culture of the people residing in Indian Himalayan Regions. Various marketing strategies to promote home stays has also been highlighted in this paper.
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Tostes, Ana Paula. „Global Environmentalism and Local Politics: Transnational Advocacy Networks in Brazil, Ecuador, and India“. Luso-Brazilian Review 43, Nr. 2 (2006): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lbr.2007.0018.
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Jain, Pankaj. „Dharmic Ecology: Perspectives from the Swadhyaya Practitioners“. Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 13, Nr. 3 (2009): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/136352409x12535203555795.
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AbstractThis is an article about the lives of the Swadhyayis, Swadhyaya practitioners, in the Indian states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The Swadhyaya movement arose in the mid-twentieth century in Gujarat as a new religious movement led by its founder, the late Pandurang Shastri Athavale. In my research, I discovered that there is no category of "environmentalism" in the "way of life" of Swadhyayis living in the villages. Following Weightman and Pandey (1978), I argue that the concept of dharma can be successfully applied as an overarching term for the sustainability of the ecology, environmental ethics, and the religious lives of Swadhyayis. Dharma synthesizes their way of life with environmental ethics based on its multidimensional interpretations.
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Sur, Malini. „Life Cycle“. Transfers 7, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2017.070110.
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Life Cycle ethnographically and visually documents the everyday use of bicycles among Kolkata’s city dwellers. Winding through the city’s congested thoroughfares and narrow by-lanes, we follow daily wageworkers, including migrants from eastern India, environmentalists, teachers, and activists, who cycle for a living. In this documentary (forty-two minutes) and the broader ethnographic project within which it is situated, I investigate how cycling mediates people’s changing relationships to cities in South Asia. Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), the largest city in eastern India, is the primary focus of Life Cycle. This city has 1.68 million cyclists, records 2.5 million cycle trips a day, has the least amount of road space (6 percent) in metropolitan India, and has the second highest air pollution level. By 2017, traffic regulations prohibited cycling on seventy city roads.
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MacKinnon, Iain. „Environmentality judiciously fired – Burning questions of forest conservation and subject transformation in the Himalayan foothills“. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, Nr. 2 (13.09.2019): 462–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619874690.
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‘Environmentality’ is a term used to describe the means by which regulatory processes simultaneously redefine both the environment and the subjectivity of those whose environment is being governed by regulation. Today it is considered a key concept of political ecology. Its most comprehensive and influential articulation is by way of a case-study of the development of community forestry in Kumaon in north India. The case-study argues that the decentralised regulatory system created by the British colonial regime in 1931 created an ‘environmental subjectivity’ among forest users which had not previously existed. However, this article presents evidence that suggests that concern for forest protection – and, thus, ‘environmental subjectivity’ – can be found in Kumaon before the creation of local forest governance; in addition, the article questions the case-study’s interpretation of evidence adduced for ‘environmental subjectivity’ in Kumaon today. Following a discussion on methodology, the article concludes that the case-study’s Euro-centric conception of ‘environmentality’ as an ‘analytical optic’ – derived from the narrow meaning of ‘governmentality’ proposed in the work of Michel Foucault – has resulted in an analysis which systematically elides the agency and beliefs of local people. This optical limitation has implications for other ‘environmentality’ studies. Other forms of analysis, which seek to disclose and decentre features of Western theoretical perspectives on political processes that are internally related to imperialism, are said to offer the potential for outcomes that constitute a non-imperial alternative based on dialogue and mutual understanding.
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Sharma, Nitika, Madan Lal und Pankaj Deshwal. „Being Spiritually Green“. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 11, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2020): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2020100107.
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The article theoretically explores and empirically examines the relationship between spiritually motivated environmentalism (SME) and green purchasing intentions (GPI). Also, the mediating role of psychographic variables, namely environmental self-efficacy (ESE), environmental locus of control (ELOC), and environmental empathy (EE), were tested on the SME and GPI. A total of 223 Indian respondents filled out the administered questionnaire to validate the hypothesis, and collected data were analysed using SEM and Hayes's Parallel Multiple Mediation Model. The effect of SME was found significantly positive on GPI through ESE, ELOC, and EE. The findings from the study indicate that spirituality motivates green buying among consumers. Also, green purchasing augments in presence of consumers' self-efficacy, locus of control, and empathy towards environment.
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Benabou, Sarah. „Carbon Forests at the Margins of the State: The Politics of Indigenous Sovereignty and Market Environmentalism in the North-eastern Hills of India“. Journal of South Asian Development 16, Nr. 3 (25.11.2021): 387–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731741211059052.
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In the north-eastern hills of Meghalaya, the Khasi Hills project, self-advertised as ‘one of the first Redd+ initiatives in Asia to be developed and managed by indigenous governments on communal lands’, is often presented as one of the rare success stories of India’s recent experimentation with market instruments as part of its forest governance. This article uses this example to extend existing discussions on the neoliberalization of forest governance, and its intersections with the cultural politics of resource control. Unlike mainstream forestry projects criticized for being too concentrated in the hands of the Forest Department, this project explicitly taps into the particularities of a region located on the margin of the Indian nation-state, where, crucially, ownership and control of the land lie formally with the people rather than with the state. The article explores the politics of this curious marriage of (formal) indigenous sovereignty with market environmentalism, showing, first, the centrality of these assumed cultural and ecological specificities within the regime of justification of such market project; second, how the aspirations of project proponents for community engagement unravelled in practice; and, third, the limits of their endeavours due to larger structural social inequalities and the requirements of such market projects. I conclude with the idea that far from being anecdotal, this case brings interesting perspectives in the context of the struggle for the recognition of forest rights in the rest of India.
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Binoy, Parvathy. „Darly and Her Battle with the Sand-Mining Mafia: Tracing a Feminist Geopolitics of Fear in the Production of Nature“. Human Geography 10, Nr. 2 (Juli 2017): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861701000203.
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This paper draws on the testimonials and writings of Darly and other environmental activists based in the South Indian state of Kerala to illuminate the workings of the sand mining industry in contemporary India. Darly is a 65-year-old woman from Olathani, a village located along the Neyyar River in Southern Kerala, who has voiced her opposition to the operations of the sand mining industry for several years. Due to her actions, she endured several years of physical and psychological abuse from local authorities and individuals affiliated with the industry, which had taken a serious toll on her mental and physical health. I draw upon Darly's testimonial and writings on the effects of sand mining in the Neyyar, along with the work of Anitha Sharma, an environmentalist based in Kerala, to argue for the need to understand uneven development, and the production of nature, as conceptualized by Neil Smith (2010) in the context of contemporary India through lived, embodied articulations and experiences of fear wrought by this process. Darly's own work I argue, illuminates the ways in which the production of nature as an abstract concept is actually experienced, lived and struggled with through an everyday emotional geopolitics of fear; an emotional geopolitics that is not only reflective of the crucial affective dimensions of the production of nature facilitated by capitalist accumulation, but also reflective of struggles and practices that claim ecological citizenship. Here I draw on Tolia-Kelly's (2008) concept of ecological citizenship to contextualize from Darly's practices and lived experiences of trying to fight and stand in opposition entities involved in the sand-mining business in Olathani.