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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Incompatibility system“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Incompatibility system"
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Rashid, Abdul, und Peter A. Peterson. „The RSS system of unidirectional cross-incompatibility in maize. 2. Cytology“. Genome 35, Nr. 4 (01.08.1992): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-083.
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In 1975, a number of genetic lines discovered in our maize genetics nursery in Ames, Iowa, showed unidirectional cross-incompatibility. Later, it was found that this unidirectional cross-incompatibility is controlled by three recessive genes. One locus (cif) controls the incompatibility reaction in the female tissue and the other two (cim1 and cim2) control the incompatibility reaction in the pollen grain. The cross is incompatible only when the female parent is homozygous recessive for the cif and the male parent is homozygously recessive for the cim1 as well as the cim2 locus. Cytological studies of this unidirectional cross-incompatibility show that the site of the incompatibility reaction occurs after the entry of the pollen tubes into the transmitting tract of the incompatible silks. Between 12 and 24 h after pollination, the incompatible pollination is characterized by the swelling and bursting of pollen tubes at the tip, after which pollen tube growth stops.Key words: maize, pollen tube, cross-incompatibility.
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Paoletti, M., und C. Clavé. „The Fungus-Specific HET Domain Mediates Programmed Cell Death in Podospora anserina“. Eukaryotic Cell 6, Nr. 11 (14.09.2007): 2001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00129-07.
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ABSTRACT Vegetative incompatibility is a programmed cell death reaction that occurs when fungal cells of unlike genotypes fuse. Genes defining vegetative incompatibility (het genes) are highly polymorphic, and most if not all incompatibility systems include a protein partner bearing the fungus-specific domain termed the HET domain. The nonallelic het-C/het-E incompatibility system is the best-characterized incompatibility system in Podospora anserina. Cell death is triggered by interaction of specific alleles of het-C, encoding a glycolipid transfer protein, and het-E, encoding a HET domain and a WD repeat domain involved in recognition. We show here that overexpression of the isolated HET domain from het-E results in cell death. This cell death is characterized by induction of autophagy, increased vacuolization, septation, and production of lipid droplets, which are hallmarks of cell death by incompatibility. In addition, the HET domain lethality is suppressed by the same mutations as vegetative incompatibility, but not by the inactivation of het-C. These results establish the HET domain as the mediator of cell death by incompatibility and lead to a modular conception of incompatibility systems whereby recognition is ensured by the variable regions of incompatibility proteins and cell death is triggered by the HET domain.
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Uyenoyama, M. K. „On the evolution of genetic incompatibility systems. VI. A three-locus modifier model for the origin of gametophytic self-incompatibility.“ Genetics 128, Nr. 2 (01.06.1991): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.2.453.
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Abstract Recent genetic analyses have demonstrated that self-incompatibility in flowering plants derives from the coordinated expression of a system of loci. To address the selective mechanisms through which a genetic system of this kind evolves, I present a three-locus model for the origin of gametophytic self-incompatibility. Conventional models assume that a single locus encodes all physiological effects associated with self-incompatibility and that the viability of offspring depends only on whether they were derived by selfing or outcrossing. My model explicitly represents the genetic determination of offspring viability by a locus subject to symmetrically overdominant selection. Initially, the level of expression of the proto-S locus is insufficient to induce self-incompatibility. Weak gametophytic self-incompatibility arises upon the introduction of a rare allele at an unlinked modifier locus which enhances the expression of the proto-S locus. While conventional models predict that the origin of self-incompatibility requires at least two- to threefold levels of inbreeding depression, I find that the comparatively low levels of inbreeding depression generated by a single overdominant locus can ensure the invasion of an enhancer of self-incompatibility under sufficiently high rates of receipt of self-pollen. Associations among components of the incompatibility system promote the origin of self-incompatibility. Enhancement of heterozygosity at the initially neutral proto-S locus improves offspring viability through associative overdominance. Further, the modifier that enhances the expression of self-incompatibility develops a direct association with heterozygosity at the overdominant viability locus. These results suggest that the evolutionary processes by which incompatibility systems originate may differ significantly from those associated with their breakdown. The genetic mechanism explored here may apply to the evolution of other systems that restrict reproduction, including maternal-fetal incompatibility in mammals.
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Gabrielov, A., V. Keilis-Borok und D. D. Jackson. „Geometric incompatibility in a fault system.“ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93, Nr. 9 (30.04.1996): 3838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.9.3838.
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Saupe, Sven J. „Molecular Genetics of Heterokaryon Incompatibility in Filamentous Ascomycetes“. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64, Nr. 3 (01.09.2000): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.64.3.489-502.2000.
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SUMMARY Filamentous fungi spontaneously undergo vegetative cell fusion events within but also between individuals. These cell fusions (anastomoses) lead to cytoplasmic mixing and to the formation of vegetative heterokaryons (i.e., cells containing different nuclear types). The viability of these heterokaryons is genetically controlled by specific loci termed het loci (for heterokaryon incompatibility). Heterokaryotic cells formed between individuals of unlike het genotypes undergo a characteristic cell death reaction or else are severely inhibited in their growth. The biological significance of this phenomenon remains a puzzle. Heterokaryon incompatibility genes have been proposed to represent a vegetative self/nonself recognition system preventing heterokaryon formation between unlike individuals to limit horizontal transfer of cytoplasmic infectious elements. Molecular characterization of het genes and of genes participating in the incompatibility reaction has been achieved for two ascomycetes, Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina. These analyses have shown that het genes are diverse in sequence and do not belong to a gene family and that at least some of them perform cellular functions in addition to their role in incompatibility. Divergence between the different allelic forms of a het gene is generally extensive, but single-amino-acid differences can be sufficient to trigger incompatibility. In some instances het gene evolution appears to be driven by positive selection, which suggests that the het genes indeed represent recognition systems. However, work on nonallelic incompatibility systems in P. anserina suggests that incompatibility might represent an accidental activation of a cellular system controlling adaptation to starvation.
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Kemp, R. F. O. „Incompatibility in basidiomycetes: The heterogenic Pentax“. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600001931.
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A heterogenic system of incompatibility is described in Coprinus bisporus which involves two alleles at two loci, in addition to the unifactorial homogenic incompatibility locus already described for this two-spored species. The patterns of non-allelic heterogenic incompatibility found in C. bisporus are used to predict those expected in species with bifactorial homogenic incompatibility. This type of heterogenic incompatibility could lead to speciation.
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Leppäjärvi, Leevi, und Michal Sedlák. „Incompatibility of quantum instruments“. Quantum 8 (12.02.2024): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-02-12-1246.
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Quantum instruments describe outcome probability as well as state change induced by measurement of a quantum system. Incompatibility of two instruments, i. e. the impossibility to realize them simultaneously on a given quantum system, generalizes incompatibility of channels and incompatibility of positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). We derive implications of instrument compatibility for the induced POVMs and channels. We also study relation of instrument compatibility to the concept of non-disturbance. Finally, we prove equivalence between instrument compatibility and postprocessing of certain instruments, which we term complementary instruments. We illustrate our findings on examples of various classes of instruments.
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KIM, KYUNGMEE O., und WAY KUO. „TWO-LEVEL BURN-IN FOR RELIABILITY AND ECONOMY IN REPAIRABLE SERIES SYSTEMS HAVING INCOMPATIBILITY“. International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 11, Nr. 03 (September 2004): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539304001464.
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When a system is assembled from components, incompatibility often occurs as a result of the assembly process. The ability to quantify incompatibility is very important for making burn-in decisions because the goal of system burn-in is to minimize the incompatibility factor. In the past, incompatibility has been only partially represented in the system prediction models because it was assumed that assembly had no effect on the components. This paper presents a more accurate model for system prediction by allowing for the possibility that, in some cases, assembly adversely affects the components. After applying a superposition of delayed renewal processes and a nonhomogeneous Poisson process for modeling times between system failures, we derive and analyze the effects of component and system burn-in on the system cost and performance. Examples are included to demonstrate how to determine optimal component and system burn-in times simultaneously based on an equivalent problem formation and nonlinear programming.
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Uyenoyama, M. K. „A generalized least-squares estimate for the origin of sporophytic self-incompatibility.“ Genetics 139, Nr. 2 (01.02.1995): 975–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.2.975.
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Abstract Analysis of nucleotide sequences that regulate the expression of self-incompatibility in flowering plants affords a direct means of examining classical hypotheses for the origin and evolution of this major feature of mating systems. Departing from the classical view of monophyly of all forms of self-incompatibility, the current paradigm for the origin of self-incompatibility postulates multiple episodes of recruitment and modification of preexisting genes. In Brassica, the S locus, which regulates sporophytic self-incompatibility, shows homology to a multigene family present both in self-compatible congeners and in groups for which this form of self-incompatibility is atypical. A phylogenetic analysis of S-allele sequences together with homologous sequences that do not cosegregate with self-incompatibility permits dating the change of function that marked the origin of self-incompatibility. A generalized least-squares method is introduced that provides closed-form expressions for estimates and standard errors for function-specific divergence rates and times of divergence among sequences. This analysis suggests that the age of the sporophytic self-incompatibility system expressed in Brassica exceeds species divergence within the genus by four- to fivefold. The extraordinarily high levels of sequence diversity exhibited by S alleles appears to reflect their ancient derivation, with the alternative hypothesis of hypermutability rejected by the analysis.
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Franklin-Tong, Vernonica E., und F. C. H. Franklin. „The different mechanisms of gametophytic self–incompatibility“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, Nr. 1434 (29.06.2003): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1287.
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Self–incompatibility (SI) involves the recognition and rejection of self or genetically identical pollen. Gametophytic SI is probably the most widespread of the SI systems and, so far, two completely different SI mechanisms, which appear to have evolved separately, have been identified. One mechanism is the RNase system, which is found in the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae. The other is a complex system, so far found only in the Papaveraceae, which involves the triggering of signal transduction cascade(s) that result in rapid pollen tube inhibition and cell death. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the mechanisms involved in controlling pollen tube inhibition in these two systems.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Incompatibility system"
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Muñoz, Sanz Juan Vicente. „Crossability barriers in Prunus: the role of modifiers in the regulation of the gametophytic self-incompatibility system“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68489.
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[EN] Self-incompatibility (SI) comprises a compendium of molecular intraspecific barriers, controlled by the S-locus, which enhances outcrossing and prevents inbreeding. Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rosaceae exhibit the Gametophytic SI (GSI) type where specific recognition is controlled by S-RNases and S-locus F-box (SFB) proteins as the female and male S-determinants, respectively. On the other hand, unlinked S-locus genes known as modifier factors are also completely necessary for the mechanism to function. The GSI system seems to be basically preserved in Prunus but striking differences with Solanaceae and other Rosaceae have also been observed. On the basis of this background, this thesis is focused on the identification and characterization of modifiers involved in Prunus GSI to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism.
Previous works in apricot showed that an S-locus unlinked mutation expressed in pollen and located at the distal end of chr. 3 (M-locus) confers self-compatibility in the cv. 'Canino'. In this work, another self-compatible apricot cultivar, named 'Katy', was molecular and genetically analyzed. Similarly, an S-locus unlinked pollen-part mutation was found to cause the loss of self-incompatible response. A mapping strategy based on segregation distorted loci mapped 'Katy' mutation (referred as m-mutation) at the distal end of chr. 3, in a region overlapping with that identified for 'Canino' M-locus. A new screening was carried out to identify additional self-compatible mutants in apricot cultivar/accessions from germplasm banks. Through S-genotyping, three uncategorized S-alleles were recovered and two new mutations putatively conferring self-compatibility (SC) by affecting the male S-determinant SFB were detected. Additionally, M-genotyping showed that the same mutated m-haplotype was shared by 'Canino' and 'Katy', but also by 17 cultivars more from North-America and Western-Europe. A widely distributed haplotype M1-0 was proposed as the putative m-haplotype ancestor suggesting that it arose much later in time than SC-allele, a mutation in the S-locus also conferring SC in apricot.
In order to identify this mutation, an integrative genetic, genomic and transcriptomic approach based on NGS data from 'Canino', 'Katy' and the self-incompatible apricot cultivar 'Goldrich' was carried out. This approach led to identify a unique polymorphism able to explain the self-compatible phenotype, a FaSt insertion type of 358-bp in coupling with the m-haplotype within a gene encoding a disulfide bond A-like
oxidoreductase (named PaMDOr). PaMDOr was found to be differentially over expressed in mature anthers and the FaSt insertion is predicted to produce a truncated protein. These two findings also support PaMDOr as the pollen-part mutated modifier conferring SC in apricot.
Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses suggest PaMDOr as a putative paralog of its contiguous gene (PaM-8), that emerged after the split of the Rosaceae and Solanaceae and which function became essential for the proper functioning of the GSI system in Prunus. Aimed to shed light on the differences and similarities between the S-RNase-based GSI systems in Rosaceae and Solanaceae, orthology relationships were analyzed for modifiers. Putative orthologs were found for NaTrxh, SBP1 and MdABCF in Prunus but a more complex evolutionary pattern was detected for 120K, NaStEP and NaPCCP. Thus, in spite of the differences, it can be hypothesized that part of the GSI modifier factors are shared by both families.
As a whole, the multidisciplinary strategy developed in this thesis has allowed us to identify a novel modifier factor (PaMDOr) essential for the self-incompatible response in Prunus as the most significant contribution. In addition, new sources of SC have been detected in apricot and the orthology analysis helped to deepen our understanding on evolutionary aspects of the S-RNase-based GSI system exhibited by Prunus.[ES] La autocompatibilidad (AI) comprende un conjunto de barreras moleculares intraespecíficas, controladas por el locus S, que favorecen la polinización cruzada y previenen de la endogamia. Solanáceas, Plantagináceas y Rosáceas presentan la llamada AI gametofítica (AIG) donde el reconocimiento específico está controlado por ARNasas-S y proteínas F-box del locus S (SFB) como los determinantes femenino y masculino, respectivamente. Por otra parte, genes no ligados al locus S, conocidos como factores modificadores, son también totalmente necesarios para la correcta regulación del mecanismo. El sistema AIG parece estar básicamente conservado en Prunus pero se han observado notables diferencias con Solanáceas y otras Rosáceas. Con estos antecedentes, el trabajo realizado en esta tesis se ha centrado en la identificación y caracterización de factores modificadores de la AIG en Prunus con el fin de mejorar nuestro conocimiento del mecanismo subyacente. Trabajos previos en albaricoquero mostraron la existencia de una mutación expresada en el polen y no ligada al locus S, que se localiza en el extremo distal del cr.3 (locus M) y que es capaz de conferir autocompatibilidad (AC) en el cultivar 'Canino'. En esta tesis, otro cultivar de albaricoquero autocompatible llamado 'Katy' fue genética y molecularmente analizado. De manera parecida a 'Canino', una mutación que afectaba a un factor no ligado al locus S expresado en el polen era el causante de la pérdida de la respuesta autoincompatible. La mutación en 'Katy' se consiguió mapear en el extremo distal del cr.3 (mutación m), una región que solapa con la identificada para 'Canino'. Una búsqueda para la identificación de nuevo mutantes autocompatibles en cultivares/accesiones de albaricoquero procedentes de bancos de germoplasma fue realizado. Por medio del genotipado del locus S, 3 alelos S no clasificados con anterioridad fueron hallados, mientras que 2 nuevas mutaciones autocompatibles que parecen haber afectado al determinante S masculino SFB fueron detectadas. Adicionalmente, el genotipado para el locus M mostró que el mismo haplotipo m mutado está compartido por 'Canino' y 'Katy' y 17 cultivares más del norte de América y el oeste de Europa. El haplotipo M1-0 ha sido propuesto como posible ancestro del haplotipo m, sugiriendo que éste surgió mucho más tarde que el alelo Sc, mutación del locus S que también confiere AC en albaricoquero. Con el objetivo de identificar esta mutación, un abordaje integral tanto a nivel genético como genómico y transcriptómico mediante datos NGS procedentes de 'Canino', 'Katy' y del cultivar de albaricoquero autoincompatible 'Goldrich' fue llevado a cabo. Esta aproximación sirvió para identificar un único polimorfismo capaz de explicar el fenotipo de AC, una inserción tipo FaSt de 358 pb en acoplamiento con el haplotipo m en un gen que codifica para una disulfide bond A-like oxidoreductase (PaMDOr). PaMDOr mostró estar diferencialmente sobre-expresado en anteras maduras, mientras que la inserción FaSt predice la formación de una proteína truncada. Estos dos hechos apoyan a PaMDOr como el factor modificador de la parte del polen que confiere AC en albaricoquero. Adicionalmente, análisis filogenéticos sugieren que PaMDOr podría ser un parálogo del gen contiguo (PaM-8) que surgió después de la división de Rosáceas y Solanáceas, cuya función ha llegado a ser esencial para el correcto funcionamiento del sistema en Prunus. A fin de arrojar cierta luz en las diferencias y similitudes entre los sistemas de AIG basado en ARNasas-S de Rosáceas y Solanáceas, las relaciones de ortología para factores modificadores fueron estudiadas. Ortólogos candidatos fueron encontrados para NaTrxh, SBP1 y MdABCF, sin embargo, un patrón evolutivo más complejo fue observado para NaStEP, 120K y NaPCCP. De modo que, a pesar de las diferencias, se puede hipotetizar que una parte de los modificadores de la AIG están comparti
[CAT] L'autocompatibilitat (AI) comprèn un conjunt de barreres moleculars intraespecífiques, controlades pel locus S, que afavorixen la pol·linització creuada i prevé de l'endogàmia. Solanàcies, Plantaginàcies i Rosàcies presenten l'anomenada AI gametofítica (AIG) on el reconeixement específic està controlat per ARNases-S i proteïnes F-box del locus S (SFB) com a determinants femení i masculí, respectivament. Per un altra banda, gens no lligats al locus S, coneguts com factors modificadors, són també totalment necessaris per a la correcta regulació del mecanisme. El sistema AIG pareix estar bàsicament conservat en Prunus, però s'han observat notables diferències amb Solanàcies i altres Rosàcies. Amb estos antecedents, el treball realitzat durant aquesta tesi se ha focalitzat en la identificació i caracterització de factors modificadors de l'AIG en Prunus a fi d millorar el nostre enteniment del mecanisme subjacent. Treballs previs a l'albercoquer mostraren l'existència d'una mutació expressada al pol·len no lligada al locus S, la qual està localitzada a l'extrem distal del cr.3 (locus M) i es capaç de conferir autocompatibilitat (AC) al cultivar 'Canino'. En aquest treball, un altre cultivar d'albercoquer autocompatible anomenat 'Katy' va ser genètica i molecularment analitzat. De manera pareguda a 'Canino', una mutació que afecta a un factor no lligat al locus S expressat al pol·len era la causa de la perduda de la resposta autoincompatible. La mutació a 'Katy' es va mapetjar a l'extrem distal del cr.3 (mutació m) en una regió solapant amb la identificada per a 'Canino'. Una recerca per a la identificació de nous mutants autocompatibles en cultivars i/o accessions d'albercoquer procedents de bancs de germoplasma va ser portada a terme. Mitjançant el genotipatge del locus S, 3 al·lels S no classificats amb anterioritat van ser trobats, mestres que dos noves mutacions AC que pareixen haver afectat al determinant S masculí SFB varen ser detectades. Amés, el genotipatge del locus M va mostrar que el mateix haplotip m mutat està compartit per 'Canino' i 'Katy', però també per 17 cultivars més del nord d'Amèrica i l'oest d'Europa. El haplotip M1-0, ampliamente distribuït, ha sigut proposat com a possible ancestre del haplotip m, sugerint que aquest va sorgir més tard que el al·lel Sc, una mutació al locus S que també conferix AC a l'albercoquer. Amb l'objectiu d'identificar aquesta mutació, un abordatge integral tant a nivell genètic com genòmic i transcriptòmic mitjançant diversos tipus de dades NGS provinents de 'Canino', 'Katy' i del cultivar d'albercoquer autoincompatible 'Goldrich' va ser portat terme. Aquesta aproximació va permetre identificar un únic polimorfisme capaç d'explicar el fenotip AC, es tracta d'una inserció de 358 pb en adaptament amb el haplotip m en un gen que codifica per a disulfide bond A-like oxidoreductase (PaMDOr). PaMDOr va mostrar estar diferencialment sobre-expressat en anteres madures, mentres que la inserció FaSt prediu la formació d'una proteïna truncada. Estos dos fets recolzen a PaMDOr com al factor modificador de la part del pol·len que conferix AC en albercoquer. A més a més, anàlisis filogenètics suggerixen que PaMDOr podria ser un paràlog del seu gen contigu (anomenat PaM-8) que va sorgir després de la divisió de Rosàcies i Solanàcies, en la qual la funció ha arribat a ser fonamental per al correcte funcionament del sistema d'AIG a Prunus. A fi de tirar certa llum en quant a les diferències i similituds entre els sistemes d'AIG basats en ARNases-S de Rosàcies i Solanàcies, les relacions d'ortologia per als factors modificadors va ser estudiat. Ortòlogs candidat van ser trobats per a NaTrxh, SBP1 i MdABCF, no obstant, un patró evolutiu més complex va ser observat per a NaSTeP, 120K i NaPCCP. De tal manera que, a pesar de les diferències, es pot plantejar la hipòtesi de que una part dels modificadors de l'AIG estan
Muñoz Sanz, JV. (2016). Crossability barriers in Prunus: the role of modifiers in the regulation of the gametophytic self-incompatibility system [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68489
TESIS
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Portillo, Lemus Luis Octavio. „Système de reproduction, polyploïdie et diversité génétique des populations invasives de Ludwigia grandiflora subsp hexapetala en France“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARA088.
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Dans un contexte de succès de colonisation des espèces invasives, la compréhension d’un front d’invasion est essentielle afin d’identifier des leviers de gestion. En France, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp hexapetala a envahi la plupart de réseaux hydrographiques avec des populations fertiles et stériles. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient l’identification des facteurs influençant sa reproduction sexuée et la caractérisation de sa diversité génétique afin d’inférer le mode de reproduction efficace et de comprendre l’histoire du front d’invasion. La biologie florale et la fructification des populations fertiles et stériles dans différentes conditions climatiques et après différents croisements contrôlés ainsi que la diversité génétique des populations via un set de marqueurs moléculaires SNP ont été évaluées,Ces travaux ont montré que la reproduction sexuée de Ludwigia grandiflora subsp hexapetala est sous contrôle d’un système d’auto-incompatibilité hétéromorphique « à action tardive » de type distyle-homostyle. Nous avons identifié deux fronts d’invasion avec deux points de rencontre. Le système de reproduction efficace majoritaire est la clonalité avec un signal d’allogamie au niveau des 2 « hot-spot » de diversité, suggérant une priorisation de gestion à leurs niveaux. Ces études pourront être étendues à d’autres fronts d’invasion en Europe et aux USAIn a context of successful colonization of invasive species, understanding of an invasion front is essential in order to identify management levers. In France, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp hexapetala has invaded most river systems with fertile and sterile populations. The objectives of this thesis were the identification of factors influencing its sexual reproduction and the characterisation of its genetic diversity in order to infer the efficient mode of reproduction and to understand the history of the invasion front.Floral biology and fructification of fertile and sterile populations in different climatic conditions and after different controlled crosses as well as the genetic diversity of the populations via a set of SNP molecular markers were evaluated. These studied showed that the sexual reproduction of Ludwigia grandiflora subsp hexapetala is under the control of a "late-acting" heteromorphic self-incompatibility system of the distyle-homostyle type. We have identified two invasion fronts with two meeting points. The majority efficient breeding system is clonality with an allogamy signal at the level of the 2 diversity hot spots, suggesting management prioritization at their levels. These studies could be extended to other invasion fronts in Europe and the USA
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Nunes, Vanessa Catarina Ribeiro. „Characterization of the genes determining pollen specificity in self-incompatibility mechanism of Malus x domestica“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15402.
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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e CelularTo understand the molecular basis of the S-RNase-based gametophytic selfincompability system of subtribe Pyrinae from Rosaceae family, in this work, Malus x domestica species was used to determine the genes involved in pollen S-specificity. Previously 18 F-box genes, similar to the S-locus F-box brothers (SFBBs), were identified by conventional polymerase chain reaction techniques and with the pollen transcriptome analysis of nine M. domestica cultivars. However, not all 10 S-haplotypes, covered by the nine M. domestica cultivars used, have been characterized for all SFBB genes, and 12 SFBB sequences found, align as highly divergent sequences in 12 SFBB genes. Thus, in this work, by cloning and sequencing analysis of two highly diverged alleles, namely, SFBBGu8 and SFBBN3 of SFBB5 and SFBB1 genes, respectively, was concluded that SFBBGu8 sequence represent the S1- and S24- diverged alleles of SFBB5 gene, while SFBBN3 sequence represent the S28- diverged allele of SFBB1 gene. Additionally, for SFBB5 gene there is no SFBB copy number variation. This pattern was also observed for other 12 SFBB genes. For 15 of the 18 SFBB genes identified, linkage with the S-RNase gene (gene involved in pistil S-specificity) was established by segregation analysis of the F1 progeny from the cross of Fuji (S1, S9) with Honeycrisp (S2, S24), previously genotyped. As result, for SFBB2, SFBB3, SFBB4, SFBB6, SFBB7, SFBB8, SFBB9, SFBB10, SFBB11, SFBB12, SFBB13, SFBB14 and SFBB16 genes, linkage with at least one S-RNase allele was established. Thus, since these 13 SFBB genes also present pollen-specific expression and S-haplotypespecific polymorphism, these genes are pollen S-genes. In conclusion, consistent features with the collaborative non-self recognition model, were identified in M. domestica species, such as, large number of SFBB genes and the presence of highly diverged SFBB alleles, that may be conserved in other S-haplotypes, and thus, involved in the recognition of a particular non-self S-RNase. However, in M. domestica species, it was not verified SFBB copy number variation within the different S-haplotypes, as observed in Petunia. The characterization of the S-pollen genes involved in the self-incompatibility mechanism in M. domestica species is the first step to characterize self-pollen rejection mechanism in Pyrinae subtribe.
Para compreender a base molecular do sistema de auto-incompatibilidade gametofítica baseada em S-RNases da subtribo Pyrinae da família Rosaceae, neste trabalho, a espécie Malus x domestica foi utilizada para determinar os genes envolvidos na especificidade S do pólen. Previamente 18 genes F-box, semelhantes aos “S-locus F-box brothers” (SFBBs), foram identificados por uma abordagem baseada em técnicas convencionais de reação em cadeia da polimerase e por análise de transcriptomas do pólen de nove cultivares de M. domestica. Contudo, nem todos os 10 haplótipos S, cobertos pelos nove cultivares de M. domestica utilizados, foram caracterizados para todos os genes SFBB, e 12 sequências SFBB encontradas, alinham como sequências altamente divergentes em 12 genes SFBB. Assim, neste trabalho, por clonagem e sequenciação de dois alelos altamente divergentes, nomeadamente, SFBBGu8 e SFBBN3 dos genes SFBB5 e SFBB1, respectivamente, concluiu-se que a sequência SFBBGu8 representa os alelos divergentes S1- e S24- do gene SFBB5, enquanto que a sequência SFBBN3 representa o alelo divergente S28- do gene SFBB1. Adicionalmente, para o gene SFBB5 não existe variação do número de cópias dos SFBBs. Este padrão foi também observado para outros 12 genes SFBB. Para 15 dos 18 genes SFBB identificados, foi determinada associação com o gene da SRNase (gene envolvido na especificidade S do pistilo) através de análises de segregação da progenia F1 resultante do cruzamento de Fuji (S1, S9) com Honeycrisp (S2, S24), previamente genotipada. Como resultado, para os genes SFBB2, SFBB3, SFBB4, SFBB6, SFBB7, SFBB8, SFBB9, SFBB10, SFBB11, SFBB12, SFBB13, SFBB14 e SFBB16, foi estabelecida associação com pelo menos um alelo da S-RNase. Assim, dado que estes 13 genes SFBB também apresentam expressão exclusiva no pólen e polimorfismo específico para cada haplótipo S, estes genes são genes S do pólen. Em conclusão, foram identificadas características consistentes com o modelo “collaborative non-self-recognition” em M. domestica, tais como, um grande número de genes SFBB e a presença de alelos SFBB altamente divergentes, que podem ser conservados noutros haplótipos S e assim, estar envolvidos no reconhecimento de uma S-RNase não-própria. Contudo, em M. domestica, não ser verificou variação do número de cópias dos SFBBs nos diferentes haplótipos S, como observado em Petunia. A caraterização dos genes S do pólen envolvidos no mecanismo de auto-incompatibilidade em M. domestica é o primeiro passo para caracterizar o mecanismo de rejeição do pólen do próprio, na subtribo Pyrinae.
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Kandeva, Teodora N. 1983. „Humoral response to carbohydrate antigens in the context of ABO-incompatible transplantation and xenotransplantation“. Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116121.
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Antibody-mediated rejection is central to ABO incompatible transplantation as well as to xenotransplantation. The xenoantigen alpha-Gal has a highly analogous carbohydrate structure to the human blood group antigens, and both require memory B cell activation for antibody production. We hypothesize that B cells, reactive to the alpha-Gal xenoantigen and B blood group antigen, require the presence of fully activated T cells in order to survive and proliferate in vitro, contrary to the traditional theory that humoral response to carbohydrate antigens is a T cell-independent process. When we compared the capacity of B cells to proliferate, we observed that activated T cells were necessary for B cell proliferation even in the presence of carbohydrate-derived antigens. A relevant question was also to investigate the role of a specific class of T cells: the CD1d-restricted iNKT cells, in the activation of alpha-Gal and B blood group-reactive B cells. The iNKT cells have the specificity of being reactive to glycolipids and are capable of producing both T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine responses. We therefore wanted to determine the role of the iNKT cells as mediators of a T helper 2-type response when B cells were exposed to a glycolipid antigen expressing the alpha-Gal epitope or the human B blood group antigen. We observed that, if the interaction between B cells and iNKT cells is blocked, neither B cell proliferation nor antibody production occurs. These results suggest therefore the importance of the iNKT cell category of T helper cells in the response to alpha-Gal and ABO-blood group glycolipids.
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Nicolas, Edwige. „Compatibilités et incompatibilités liants cimentaires/superplastifiants“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10052/document.
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La résistance mécanique des bétons exigée actuellement impose une diminution du rapport eau/ciment et l’utilisation de superplastifiant pour faciliter la mise en œuvre du matériau frais. Les produits de type polycarboxylate sont très efficaces à court terme, mais peuvent mener à une perte rapide de l’ouvrabilité en cas d’incompatibilité liant/superplastifiant. L’objet de ce travail est l’identification des phases cimentaires impliquées dans ces variations rhéologiques. Dans un premier temps, l’écoulement de pâtes superplastifiées est évalué par un rhéomètre muni d’un système de mesure à boule. Les combinaisons compatibles s’écoulent selon le modèle de Bingham. Une incompatibilité entraîne soit une augmentation du seuil d'écoulement et de la viscosité plastique, soit une évolution des propriétés rhéologiques en un fluide d’Herschel-Bulkley. Dans un deuxième temps, des combinaisons ciment/superplastifiant sont caractérisées par des essais rhéologiques. L’évaluation du raidissement de pâtes et la caractérisation chimique des ciments hydratés montrent que la consistance est liée à la quantité et à la microstructure de l’ettringite formée. Ces paramètres dépendent de la phase aluminate et des sulfates de calcium initialement présents. Enfin, l’étude de systèmes cimentaires de synthèse établit que la solubilité des sulfates de calcium en présence de superplastifiant est augmentée du fait, vraisemblablement, de la complexation des ions Ca2+ par les polycarboxylates. La variété orthorhombique de la phase aluminate plus réactive que la variété cubique, mène, quant à elle, à la formation d’une quantité importante d’ettringite en forme d’aiguillesCurrently required concrete strength imposes a lower water/cement ratio and use of superplasticizer to make easier the fresh material implementation. Polycarboxylate type products are very effective in the short term but can lead to a fast loss of workability in case of binder/superplasticizer incompatibility. The object of this work is the identification of cementitous phases involved in these rheological variations. Initially, flow of various superplasticized pastes is evaluated by a rheometer fitted with a ball measuring system. Compatible combinations flow like a Bingham’s fluid. An incompatibility results in an increase of yield stress and plastic viscosity or rheological properties evolution into Herschel-Bulkley’s fluid. Then, cement/superplasticizer combinations are characterized by rheological tests. Stiffening assessment of pastes and chemical characterisation of hydrated cements show that consistency is associated with amount and microstructure of formed ettringite. These parameters depend on initially present aluminate phase and calcium sulphates. Finally, study of synthetic cementitous systems states that calcium sulphates solubility, in presence of superplasticizer, is increased probably because Ca2+ ions complexation by polycarboxylates. As for the orthorhombic variety of aluminate phase, more reactive than cubic variety, it leads to a large amount of needle-shaped ettringite
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Nilsson, Emil. „Breeding System Evolution and Pollination Success in the Wind-Pollinated Herb Plantago maritima“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4790.
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Sampson, Dennis Archie. „An assessment of the evolutionary stability of distyly in Hedyotis caerulea (Rubiaceae)“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1296756691.
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Barcelón, Cobedo Susana. „The Compatibility Between Salary and Benefits of the Social Security System. The Projection of Compatibility with the so-called Basic Income“. Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118716.
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The following article aims to give an overview about the compatibility between the social security benefits provided by the State, which are free and are not conditional to the development of an activity, with the salary, which has its Foundation, inescapably, in the development of an activity, either of labour, civil service or professional nature. To do this, the author will attempt to make a transition between the radical incompatibility that seems to exist between the two concepts towards a possible compatibility through certain mechanisms of adjustment.El presente artículo pretende brindar una visión sobre la compatibilidad que existe entre las prestaciones de seguridad social que brinda el Estado, que son gratuitas y no se encuentran condicionadas al desarrollo de una actividad, con el salario, el cual tiene su fundamento, ineludiblemente, en el desarrollo de una actividad ya sea de naturaleza laboral, funcionarial o profesional. Para ello, el autor se intentará realizar una transición entre la incompatibilidad radical que parece existir entre ambos conceptos hacia una posible compatibilidad a través de ciertos mecanismos de ajuste.
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Almeida, Elga de Fátima. „Biologia floral e sistema de autoincompatibilidade de Bauhinia brevipes Vogel (Fabaceae), no município de Goiás, Estado de Goiás, Brasil“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4402.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The plant reproductive biology involves all the features (morphological, anatomical or physiological) of a species that participate in the reproduction of its individuals. The Fabaceae family is one of the most important of the Cerrado, the genus Bauhinia being one of the most diversified. Several studies with species of Bauhinia L. showed diversity in floral shapes, reproductive phenology, reproductive system and interactions with different groups of pollinators. In general, the Bauhinia species are outcrossing and have low reproductive efficiency. Bauhinia brevipes is common in the municipality of Goiás-GO and has floral features compatible with the syndrome chiropterophily: white flowers that release a strong odour overnight, producing large amounts of nectar with low sugar concentration. Flowers of B. brevipes may have reduced ovaries or anthers with low production of viable pollen, indicating that this species moves towards sexual separation in some flowers. Although the visit the bats to flowers were not seen, their flights over the plants were observed. A test of exclusion of diurnal pollinators showed the efficiency of nocturnal pollinators in B. brevipes. The flowers of B. brevipes not have herkogamy as the main factor to avoid inbreeding, but some flowers positioned above the anthers stigma were observed. The species present gametophytic selfincompatibility and therefore requires the pollinators visit to ensure pollinating pollen exchange among different and unrelated plants. Bauhinia brevipes has an average 20% of reproductive efficiency. In general, the species showed a high level of pollen limitation (0.73). The largest fruit production occurs in the middle position of the inflorescence. Most of fruit produced occurs in the median position of the inflorescence, when possibly the availability of pollen in the system is higher and resources are available for their development.
A biologia reprodutiva de plantas trata de diversos aspectos relacionados a mecanismos como o de polinização (e.g., morfologia e biologia floral, interação plantapolinizador), do sistema de reprodução (sistema sexual, de incompatibilidade, modos de reprodução – sexuada e assexuado-vegetativa), eficiência reprodutiva, dentre outros. A família Fabaceae é uma das mais importantes do Cerrado, sendo o gênero Bauhinia um dos mais diversificados. Diversos estudos realizados com espécies de Bauhinia L. mostraram a diversidade na fenologia, formas florais, sistema reprodutivo e interações com diferentes grupos de polinizadores. Embora aconteça autopolinização em algumas espécies do gênero, a xenogamia é a forma mais frequente de reprodução, e espécies autoincompatíveis são muito comuns. Bauhinia brevipes é comum no Cerrado da região do Município de Goiás-GO e possui características florais compatíveis com a síndrome da quiropterofilia: flores brancas que liberam odor forte durante a noite, produção de grande volume de néctar com baixa concentração de açúcar. Flores de B. brevipes podem apresentar ovário reduzido ou anteras com baixa produção de pólen viável, indicando que esta espécie caminha para separação sexual em algumas flores. Apesar de não serem visualizadas as visita dos morcegos às flores, que foram observados em sobrevoo na população, um teste de exclusão de polinizadores diurnos mostrou a eficiência dos polinizadores noturnos. As flores de B. brevipes não possuem hercogamia como principal fator para evitar a endogamia, porém existe na população uma porcentagem de flores com estigma posicionado acima do conjunto das anteras. A espécie apresenta autoincompatibilidade gametofítica e, portanto, necessita da visita de polinizadores para garantir a troca de pólen entre plantas diferentes e não aparentadas. Bauhinia brevipes apresenta uma eficiência reprodutiva em média de 20% das flores produzidas. De forma geral, a espécie apresentou um elevado índice de limitação polínica (0,73). A maior produção de fruto ocorre na posição mediana da inflorescência. As flores abertas nesta posição estão expostas, possivelmente, a uma alta disponibilidade de pólen no sistema, e os recursos maternos estão disponíveis em maior quantidade para o desenvolvimento de seus frutos.
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Bueno, Luciana de Oliveira. „Tribunal Penal Internacional e o direito interno brasileiro“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6482.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-01The International Criminal Court represented a major breakthrough in the international scenery, as the accountability of agents who commit extremely serious crimes because it was created in a permanent and complementary manner to national jurisdictions, respecting the principles of universality, complementarity, natural justice and independence. This Court, which differed from background experiences, for their essential characteristics, was structured in an organized way, giving the prosecutor the important investigative role, which greatly contributed to the achievement of the Court work. The Court's decisions, in turn, are uttered with the observance of the principles of legal reserve and prior criminal law, giving them greater legal certainty and fairness. However, what is observed is that the States that are committed to cooperate with the work of the Court, often do not contribute to the investigation or to implement the decisions of the Court, which has sparked many debates about the need to apply the law of force rather than the force of law. Another issue of great importance lies in the compatibility of the rules laid down in the Rome Statute with the Brazilian Federal Constitution, which, in some cases, apparently contrasts with our legal system. However, as it will be seen throughout this study, the problem of effectiveness slips in the very development of the countries involved in the conflict and the alleged incompatibilities exist in appearance only and do not constitute in reality
O Tribunal Penal Internacional representou um grande avanço no cenário internacional, quanto à responsabilização de agentes que cometem crimes de extrema gravidade, pois foi criado de forma permanente e complementar às jurisdições nacionais, respeitando os princípios da universalidade, complementaridade, juiz natural e independência. Esse Tribunal, que se diferenciou das experiências antecedentes, por suas características essenciais, foi estruturado de forma organizada, atribuindo ao Procurador o importante papel investigativo, o que muito contribuiu para a concretização dos trabalhos da Corte. As decisões do Tribunal, por sua vez, são proferidas com a observância dos princípios da reserva legal e da anterioridade da lei penal, conferindo-lhes maior segurança jurídica e imparcialidade. Entretanto, o que se observa é que os Estados, que assumem o compromisso de cooperar com os trabalhos da Corte, por muitas vezes não contribuem com a investigação ou para a execução das decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal, o que tem suscitado diversos debates acerca da necessidade da aplicação do direito da força em detrimento da força do direito. Outra questão de grande relevo reside na compatibilidade das normas previstas no Estatuto de Roma com a Constituição Federal brasileira, as quais, em algumas hipóteses, aparentemente contrastam com nosso ordenamento jurídico. Contudo, como se verá no decorrer desse estudo, o problema da efetividade resvala no próprio desenvolvimento dos países envolvidos nos conflitos e as supostas incompatibilidades só existem na aparência e não se configuram na realidade
Bücher zum Thema "Incompatibility system"
1
Takahashi, Kōta. ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. New York: Elsevier, 2001.
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Chi, Manjiao. Integrating Sustainable Development in International Investment Law: Normative Incompatibility, System Integration and Governance Implications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Chi, Manjiao. Integrating Sustainable Development in International Investment Law: Normative Incompatibility, System Integration and Governance Implications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Chi, Manjiao. Integrating Sustainable Development in International Investment Law: Normative Incompatibility, System Integration and Governance Implications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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5
Singh, Mahendra Pal, und Niraj Kumar. The Indian Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489879.001.0001.
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The contemporary Indian legal system owes its origin predominantly to the English common law system. Although this system ushered modernity in India, it has failed to perform optimally on several counts owing to its significant incompatibility with existing Indian traditions. Taking into account indigenously created and evolved legal apparatuses, this volume examines all aspects of the Indian legal system in the context of historical, sociological, and anthropological realities of society. The establishment and growth of common law in India introduced a certain kind of dominant legal apparatus, significantly transforming the understanding of India’s legal plurality. The existence, however, of multiple non-state legal traditions challenges the singular identity of the Indian legal system. Postulating that legal systems cannot be seen or studied in isolation from the cultures of groups whose affairs they regulate, The Indian Legal System explores the preference for non-state legal practices among several communities in India, despite the existence of a formal state legal system.
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Takahashi, Kota. ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation: Establishing a Scientific Framework. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 2008.
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ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplantation. Elsevier, 2001.
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Egeberg, Morten, und Jarle Trondal. Colliding Coordination Structures in Multilevel Systems of Government (and How to Live with It). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825074.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses governance dilemmas that are often overlooked in studies that do not encompass the ecology of organization in public governance. The chapter discusses how coordination structures may counteract each other in multilevel systems of government. The ambition of the chapter is twofold: Firstly, a coordination dilemma is theoretically and empirically illustrated by the seeming incompatibility between a more direct (interconnected) and sectorally specialized implementation structure in the multilevel EU administrative system and trends towards strengthening coordination and control within nation states. Secondly, the chapter discusses organizational arrangements that may enable governance systems to live with the coordination dilemma in practice. This coordination dilemma seems to have been largely ignored in the literature on EU network governance and national ‘joined-up government’ respectively.
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Menzies, Peter. The Consequence Argument Disarmed. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746911.003.0016.
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This chapter scrutinizes the Consequence Argument for the incompatibility of free will and determinism within an interventionist causal-modelling framework. Traditional discussions of the argument presuppose that causal reasoning concerns the temporal evolution of total states of the universe. By contrast, interventionism focuses on how local, small-scale systems evolve according to causal generalizations that fall short of being laws. It also assigns an important role to interventions: external influences on a system that disrupt the causal generalizations which apply to it. When the Consequence Argument is recast in interventionist terms, the argument can be seen to rely on a false premise. In particular, interventionism supports at most a qualified variant of determinism, which is insufficient for the Consequence Argument to go through. Finally, the chapter compares the present response to the argument with David Lewis’s local miracle compatibilism.
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Sovacool, Benjamin K. The Dirty Energy Dilemma. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400640896.
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The American electric utility system is quietly falling apart. Once taken for granted, the industry has become increasingly unstable, fragmented, unreliable, insecure, inefficient, expensive, and harmful to our environment and public health. According to Sovacool, the fix for this ugly array of problems lies not in nuclear power or clean coal, but in renewable energy systems that produce few harmful byproducts, relieve congestion on the transmission grid, require less maintenance, are not subject to price volatility, and enhance the security of the national energy system from natural catastrophe, terrorist attack, and dependence on supply from hostile and unstable regions of the world. Here arises The Dirty Energy Dilemma: If renewable energy systems deliver such impressive benefits, why are they languishing at the margins of the American energy portfolio? And why does the United States lag so far behind Europe, where conversion to renewable energy systems has already taken off in a big way? Corporate media parrot industry PR that renewable technologies just aren't ready for prime time. But Sovacool marshals extensive field research to show that the only barrier blocking the conversion of a significant proportion of the U.S. energy portfolio to renewables is not technological—the technology is there—but institutional. Public utility commissioners, utility managers, system operators, business owners, and ordinary consumers are hobbled by organizational conservatism, technical incompatibility, legal inertia, weak and inconsistent political incentives, ill-founded prejudices, and apathy. The author argues that significant conversion to technologically proven clean energy systems can happen only if we adopt and implement a whole new set of policies that will target and dismantle the insidious social barriers that are presently blocking decisions that would so obviously benefit society.
Buchteile zum Thema "Incompatibility system"
1
McCubbin, A. „Heteromorphic Self-Incompatibility In Primula: Twenty-First Century Tools Promise To Unravel A Classic Nineteenth Century Model System“. In Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants, 289–308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68486-2_14.
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Tsuchiya, Tohru. „Self-Incompatibility System of Ipomoea trifida, a Wild-Type Sweet Potato“. In Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants, 305–25. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54589-7_25.
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Ohashi, Isamu, Toshiyuki Numata, Hiroaki Yata, Shigeo Yoshida, Takuji Narumi, Tomohiro Tanikawa und Michitaka Hirose. „Demonstration Experiment of AR Exhibition System Inducing User Behavior with Visual Incompatibility“. In Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information in Intelligent Systems, 174–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22649-7_15.
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Manzanares, C., B. Studer, R. C. Hayes, S. Barth und D. Thorogood. „Population Genetics of the Grass Self-incompatibility System—Practical Implications for Grass Breeding Programmes“. In Breeding strategies for sustainable forage and turf grass improvement, 55–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4555-1_6.
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Goldway, Martin, Gal Sapir und Raphael A. Stern. „Molecular Basis and Horticultural Application of the Gametophytic Self-incompatibility System in Rosaceous Tree Fruits“. In Plant Breeding Reviews, 215–37. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470168028.ch7.
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Sun, Penglin, Justin Stephen Williams, Shu Li und Teh-hui Kao. „S-RNase-Based Self-Incompatibility in Petunia: A Complex Non-Self Recognition System Between Pollen and Pistil“. In Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants, 289–303. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54589-7_24.
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Richards, A. J. „Multi-allelic self-incompatibility“. In Plant Breeding Systems, 200–241. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3043-9_6.
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Allen, A. M., und S. J. Hiscock. „Evolution and Phylogeny of Self-Incompatibility Systems in Angiosperms“. In Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants, 73–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68486-2_4.
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Sherman-Broyles, S., und J. B. Nasrallah. „Self-Incompatibility and Evolution of Mating Systems in the Brassicaceae“. In Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants, 123–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68486-2_6.
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de Nettancourt, D. „Self- and cross-incompatibility systems“. In Plant Breeding, 203–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1524-7_14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Incompatibility system"
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Li, Jianhua, Mingjie Xu, Huiming Dong, Zheng Zhang und Yan Kang. „Drug incompatibility checking system on mobile platform“. In 2012 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2012.6246877.
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DWORNICKA, R. „Development of a Hybrid Method for Identifying the Causes of Product Incompatibility in Metallurgical Manufacturing“. In Quality Production Improvement and System Safety. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902691-24.
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Abstract. For the analysis of the quality of metallurgical products, it is important to use techniques that identify the internal and external unconformity of the product without destroying it. These techniques are non-destructive testing (NDT). Although these techniques identify the unconformity of the product, they do not indicate the source of their creation. The purpose of the study was to develop a hybrid method to make decisions about the causes of product incompatibility. This hybrid method was created as a combination of NDT and quality management techniques, i.e.: 5W2H method, Ishikawa diagram, 5Why method. The subject of the study was an unconformity detected in the tube made of the magnesium alloy AMS 4439. Research was carried out using the FPI method. In the analyzed case, its application allowed the detection of a linear indication in the product. To identify the root of the linear indication, the 5W2H method, the Ishikawa diagram, and the 5Why method were used sequentially. The main causes were bad casting and pollution. The root cause was defective supplier material. Integration of the FPI method, the 5W2H method, the Ishikawa diagram, and the 5Why method in the performance of a comprehensive qualitative analyze of products, after which it is possible to identify the unconformity and the root of its occurrence. The integration of FPI and quality management techniques can be practiced to analyze the quality of products (including metallurgical products) in manufacturing and service enterprises.
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Bakhareva, Elizaveta, Vasilii Sukhachev, Petr Kolchanov, Alexander Sozonov, Anastasia Zinovyeva, Olesya Olennikova und Ilshat Akhmetzianov. „Surfactant in Cement Slurry: Solution for the Problem of Incompatibility with Oil Based Mud“. In SPE Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217600-ms.
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Summary The main well cementing objective is to provide complete isolation of the formations behind the casing. To achieve this goal, the drilling fluid (mud) must be completely displaced in the annulus by cement. Effective mud removal is ensured by properly selected densities and fluid rheological hierarchy. However, even with ideal compliance with this rules, the oil based drilling fluid may not be completely replaced in the annulus. In such a case, contact of incompatible liquids occurs: cement and oil based mud. This leads to the formation of a viscous mass, which can cause high friction pressure during cementing job. In this situation, the zonal isolation of the formations is violated, and expensive remedial cementing job may be required. One solution for such cases may be use of surfactants to modify the properties of cementing systems in order to improve the compatibility of the drilling mud and cement slurry system. This paper presents the results of study describing the possibilities of using various surfactants and their effectiveness when used in cement slurries. The surfactant selection to obtain rheological compatibility of the oil based mud and cement slurry system is theoretically justified. The main attention was paid to rheological compatibility assessment and influence of surfactants on cement slurry properties, such as compressive strength development and thickening time. In addition to the initial assessment of the cement slurry properties, tests were carried out to determine cleaning and invert emulsion ability. In the process of studying, an express method for assessing the compatibility of cement and drilling mud was proposed and used. The work has shown that surfactant addition to cement slurry improves rheological compatibility between the cement and drilling fluid. The dependence of the rheological compatibility experiment results and type of surfactant is found. Technical and experimental confirmation of possibility of well cementing without the use of a spacer, was obtained. The novelty of the work is methodological approach for compatibility assessment of surfactant in cement slurry and slurry with drilling fluid (mud). This approach includes express method to select best surfactants candidates for further evaluation. The results of this study potentially allow to abandon the use of spacer in well cementing process and improve the quality of well cementing.
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Geri, Nitza, und Orit Naor-Elaiza. „Beyond Adoption: Barriers to an Online Assignment Submission System Continued Use“. In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3263.
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Understanding the factors that affect continued use or discontinuance of an information system beyond initial adoption is one of the most challenging issues in information systems research. This paper combines information economics, the technology acceptance model (TAM), and diffusion of innovation theory, and analyzes barriers with respect to the continued use of information systems. The suggested model examines data collected from 284 former users enrolled in a blended distance learning university, who apparently abandoned an online assignment submission system. The findings indicate that behavioral intention to use the system was mainly influenced by its perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, its real value, and general attitude towards new technologies. Social and institutional influence was quite low, but the major barrier to continuance was incompatibility with the assignment preparation process performed by the students, as well as the assignment checking process performed by the tutors, which discouraged continued use.
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Krutz, Gary, Timu Gallien, Brittany Newell und Frank Stewart. „Design and Evaluation of an Embedded Sensor in a Polymer Sealing Structure “Smart Seal”“. In ASME/BATH 2013 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2013-4401.
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Research developed an embedded sensor system within an o-ring capable of monitoring seal life and health. An electronic system interfacing signal generation and processing was used to determine if the embedded sensor system was capable of capturing and responding to physical changes within an o-ring. Signals were conditioned in the pico-farad (pF) range with example failures exhibiting signal changes on the order of 30% to over 100%. Physical prototype results show that the embedded sensor system responds to load conditions (i.e., preload), cuts, puncture and chemical incompatibility.
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Palma-Blanco, Andres, Daniela Cassandro-De La Hoz und Carlos Paternina-Arboleda. „A Two-Pheromone Trail Ant Colony System Approach for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows, Multiple Products and Product Incompatibility“. In The 16th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Innovation in Education and Inclusion”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2018.1.1.293.
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Rad, Nataliya. „Ukraine Pension System and Financial Markets: Conceptualization Problems“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00233.
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The paper analyzes some aspects of Ukrainian pension system formation. All its three levels taken as a whole are a real source for the formation of domestic investment resources and implementation of their potential through financial market instruments. At the present stage relationship of these two institutes is pronounced in the frameworks of non-state pension funds. Implementation of the accumulative level of pension system has only to accelerate processes at work. Investigation is focused on the problems of integrating pension system investment resource into financial market infrastructure. It is noted that in the current conditions infrastructure of domestic financial market is being formed. Its instruments are developed and are functioning irregularly. However, there exist general problems that require their solution. They are related to insufficient operational capacity and efficiency of financial market regulating mechanism and other factors. Analysis of the quality of implementation of financial market basic macroeconomic function associated with redistribution of pension savings allowed us to make conclusion on the incompatibility of the achieved level of its development with the current needs adjusted for pension reform. Proposals for improvement of the concept of pension system and financial market along the lines of their harmonization and enhancement of the functioning efficiency in the context of social-economic development of Ukraine are worked out.
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Arinez, Jorge, Jerry Yen, John Michaloski, Frederick Proctor und William Rippey. „Toward Better Integration of Vehicle Assembly Production Systems“. In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87941.
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In today’s manufacturing world, system integration often necessitates composing systems of technology that are not designed to interoperate with each other. This inherent incompatibility results in redundant, non–value added work that is required for information to be properly transferred and processed in order for the total system to function properly. As a result, current approaches to systems integration tend to be complicated, costly, time–consuming, and error–prone. In the automotive industry, this integration predicament is found most dramatically in vehicle assembly systems, which are built from a collection of different, incompatible, and multi–vendor “silo” subsystems. This paper will investigate the problems associated with integration of vehicle assembly systems and propose a standard information and communication model to address the integration problems due to incompatible data models. Benefits to the standard information and communication model, including better integration, improvements to the efficiency of the existing vehicle assembly operations, and additional capabilities to increase productivity, is discussed.
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Zhao, Ping, Sunjung Kim, Joel Braden, Conner Abens und Brian Hinderliter. „Properties of Cement-Sand Based Piezoelectric Composites“. In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7661.
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A novel cement-sand based piezoelectric smart composite was developed for structural health monitoring (SHM) in civil infrastructures. Most researches have focused on cement-based piezoelectric composites that are unrealistic in their applications due to their incompatibility with reinforced concrete with cement and sand. In this study, sand was applied to fabricate the composite to address the important issue. Two sets of specimens containing 30 vol% and 50 vol% lead zirconate titanate (PZT) were manufactured and their piezoelectric coefficient and dielectric constant were determined. The results showed that the piezoelectric effect and dielectric constant were enhanced with increasing PZT content. In addition, the sensing effect was conducted under compressive tests. The invesitigation demonstrated the feasibility of the new composite in its application to the SHM system.
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Albrecht, M., und G. Yarovoy. „OPENING PANDORA’S BOX: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTO THE CHALLENGES TO IMPLEMENT ALL NEW RUSSIAN WASTE LEGISLATION IN KARELIAN RURALITIES“. In Perspektivy social`no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiia prigranichnyh regionov 2019. Институт экономики - обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра "Карельский научный центр Российской академии наук", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36867/br.2019.65.29.001.
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Russias waste management system and legislative framework has undergone a recent revision process to fix Russias pending waste crisis. While the revisions have not been able to silence waste related public protest, the local implementation processes of these central policy ideasare widely neglected, particularlyfor rural areas. Framed by the revised Regional Waste Management Programme and the Territorial Waste HandlingScheme of the Karelian Republic the study evaluates the sociospatial processes that shape the implementation of Russian waste legislation in three rural villages in the Karelian Republic. With a focus on local perceptions, waste management infrastructure and the spatial components of the locality, the study highlights an incompatibility between the current institutionalized planning documents and aims and the geographical realities in the rural settlements.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Incompatibility system"
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Caballero, Ricardo J. Structural Volatility in Argentina: A Policy Report. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010781.
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The author identifies sources of volatility in Argentina that include weak international financial links, a recurrent credit crunch and financial underdevelopment problem, a fragile fiscal situation, and a pervasive profit and collateral squeeze mechanism brought about by a rigid labor market and exchange rate system. The paper's policy recommendations include improving external financial links, continuing and accelerating the path of domestic financial deepening, giving very high priority to the reduction of the public debt burden problem, and addressing the fundamental incompatibility between labor market rigidities and a highly inflexible exchange rate system.
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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson und Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.
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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens und Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.