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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "In-Situ-Test methods"
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Li, Qiang, You Hong Sun und Xin Fang. „In Situ Thermal Response Test Methods And Practices“. Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (Oktober 2011): 3087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3087.
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Abstract. As a high efficiency, low consumption and clean energy, ground source heat pump technology has been pay more and more attention, the number of installation of system is growing rapidly. However, the use of geothermal resources is still extensive at this stage. Effective methods are pure in obtaining thermal physical parameters of geothermal wells around. In-situ thermal response testing is close to the real use of heat pumps, when injecting in or extracting heat from geothermal wells, the testing equipment will collect data, and then thermal physical parameters will be accurately calculate. This paper introduce a thermal response testing equipment, the equipment will add a constant cold or heat to geothermal well, circulating heat flow and pressure data is collected as well as temperature. And then thermal physical parameters of formation and heat exchanging performance are calculated.
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Tang, Yan Chun, Gao Tou Meng und Ji Chang Gong. „Study on Consolidation Coefficient by Different Test Methods“. Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1778.
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Through indoor consolidation test and CPTU model test and CPTU in-situ test, the soil consolidation coefficient has been studied. Compared with the consolidation coefficient by indoor test equipment and CPTU, because in-situ test has been made by CPTU, but in indoor consolidation test the error caused by the disturbance and little size of clay soil sample has been existed, the soil consolidation coefficient by CPTU can reflected the soil consolidation characteristics more accurate than by indoor consolidation test. Compared with the consolidation coefficient by remolded clay soil of CPTU model test and the natural and un-disturbed clay soil of CPTU in-situ test on CPTU application research project on Pearl River Delta, the dissipation speed of excess pore pressure in CPTU model test is faster than in CPTU in-situ test; the horizontal consolidation coefficient value of clay soil by CPTU model test and CPTU in-situ test is close in the same magnitude order. The test result by CPTU model test is close to the result by CPTU in-situ test. The achieved result can provide a foundation for further study for soil consolidation coefficient by CPTU.
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Amasaki, Shoji, Kazuhiro Kuzume und Toyoaki Miyagawa. „Diagnosing in Situ Concrete by Some Non-Destructive Test Methods“. Concrete Research and Technology 5, Nr. 1 (1994): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/crt1990.5.1_15.
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Li, Zhao Yan, Yu Run Li und Long Wei Chen. „In Situ Test Methods in Bachu-Jiashi Earthquake Liquefied Evaluation“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (Mai 2012): 2128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2128.
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The serious soil liquefaction phenomenon in Bachu-Jiashi earthquake on 24th February, 2003, which is the most prominent phenomena of sand liquefaction since the Tangshan Great Earthquake in 1976. Based on the earthquake liquefied investigation, inspect SPT and CPT applicability in situ tests. The results show that our country SPT specification and CPT specification of non-liquefied sites evaluation rate is higher than liquefied sites evaluation success rate, the liquefied sites evaluation rate are 88% and 88% respectively, but for liquefied sites evaluation rate are 38% and 55%. The result is tends to danger and the reason need further investigation, so establish a suitable liquefied prediction method should be to the future work in the local area.
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Glaser, Steven D., und Riley M. Chung. „Estimation of Liquefaction Potential by in Situ Methods“. Earthquake Spectra 11, Nr. 3 (August 1995): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585822.
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This report examines the state-of-the-art of in situ methods of estimating liquefaction potential in sands. In situ methods are especially important since “undisturbed” samples of loose sand for laboratory testing are virtually unobtainable. Various penetration test methods are examined, such as the SPT, DMT, and the CPT and variants. These methods are completely empirical in nature, and have worked well to date. The current state-of-practice is an SPT-based method. Intrusive, seismic-based tests are also examined: the cross-hole, down-hole tests, and down-hole logger. The seismic velocity-based predictors have a stronger physical basis than the penetration test-based estimation methods, but need a larger database. A non-intrusive test, the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves technique, seems especially suited for examining sites of large areal extent.
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Abdel Rahim, Khalid Abdel Naser. „Evaluating Concrete Quality using Nondestructive In-situ Testing Methods“. Revista Tecnología y Ciencia, Nr. 36 (10.10.2019): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33414/rtyc.36.22-40.2019.
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This manuscript investigate the quality of concrete using non-destructive in-situ testing.The in-situ testing is a process by which different test are carried out such as rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse veloc-ity, initial surface absorption test and fig air, to determine thein-situ strength, durability and deterioration, air permeability, concrete quality control andperformance. Additionally, the quality of concrete was researched using test methods with experimental results. Moreover, this research has found that (1) the increase in w/c ra-tioleads to a decrease in compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Thus, lower w/cratio gives a bet-ter concrete strength in terms of quality, (2) the quicker the ultrasonic pulse travels through concrete indicates that the concrete is denser, therefore, better quality, (3) the lower initial surface absorption value indicates a better concrete with respect to porosity and (4) the w/c ratio plays an important role in the strength and per-meability of concrete.
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Robertson, P. K. „In situ testing and its application to foundation engineering“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, Nr. 4 (01.11.1986): 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-086.
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The status of in situ testing and its application to foundation engineering are presented and discussed. The in situ test methods are discussed within the framework of three groups: logging, specific, and combined test methods. The major logging test methods discussed are standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), and the flat plate dilatometer test (DMT). The major specific test methods discussed are the prebored pressuremeter test (PMT), the self-bored pressuremeter test (SBPMT), and the screw plate load test (SPLT). Discussion is also presented on recent tests that combine features of logging tests (using the CPT) and specific tests (e.g. the seismic, the electrical resistivity/dielectric, and the lateral stress sensing cone penetration tests). A brief discussion is also presented on the applicability, as perceived by the author, of existing in situ test methods and the future of in situ testing applied to foundation engineering. Key words: in situ testing, foundation engineering, penetration testing, pressuremeter.
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Marsland, A. „The Choice of Test Methods in Site Investigations“. Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, Nr. 1 (1986): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.52.
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AbstractThe appropriate choice of sampling methods, laboratory tests and in situ tests depends upon the type of structure or earthwork being considered, the nature of the ground influenced by the construction and the required accuracy of the prediction. To obtain optimum results requires considerable experience of the design requirements and potential construction problems as well as the test methods and their range of application. Some methods are particularly useful for obtaining continuous profiles and giving a rough indication of the engineering properties while others are designed to provide more basic soil parameters. The results obtained may be sensitive to changes in equipment details, test procedures and methods of interpretation.When empirical relationships are invoked, care is necessary to ensure that identical equipment and procedures have been used and that the correlations have been obtained in similar soils. The degree to which the volumes of soil tested are representative of the soil in the mass is important. Factors such as the orientation of the maximum stresses applied during the tests relative to the directions of the macro fabric features, the degree of stress anisotropy, the directions of the stresses applied to the structure and the effects of disturbance during sampling and insertion of in situ devices need careful consideration.Test data from the most appropriate in situ and laboratory tests should be integrated with soil fabric studies in order to produce the best overall assessments.
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Petkovšek, Ana, Matej Maček und Jasna Smolar. „TESTING METHODS FOR MECHANICALLY IMPROVED SOILS: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY“. Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 10 (15.10.2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.10.0016.
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A possibility of in-situ mechanical improvement for reducing the liquefaction potential of silty sands was investigated by using three different techniques: Vibratory Roller Compaction, Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) and Soil Mixing. Material properties at all test sites were investigated before and after improvement with the laboratory and the in situ tests (CPT, SDMT, DPSH B, static and dynamic load plate test, geohydraulic tests). Correlation between the results obtained by different test methods gave inconclusive answers.
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Deng, Jun. „Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Structural Adhesives“. Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (März 2010): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.814.
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One of the greatest drawbacks to predicting the behaviour of bonded joints has been the lack of reliable data on the mechanical properties of adhesives. In this study, methods for determining mechanical properties of structural adhesive were discussed. The Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength of the adhesive were tested by dogbone specimens (bulk form) and butt joint specimens (in situ form). The shear modulus and shear strength were test by V-notched specimens (bulk form) and thick adherend lap-shear (TALS) joint specimens (in situ form). The test results show that the elastic modulus provided by the manufacturer is too low, the dogbone specimen is better than the butt joint specimen to test the tensile strength and elastic modulus and the TALS joint specimen is better than the V-notched specimen to test the shear strength.
Dissertationen zum Thema "In-Situ-Test methods"
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Mullen, W. Grigg. „An evaluation of the utility of four in-situ test methods for transmission line foundation design /“. This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112007-092850/.
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Mullen, W. G. „An evaluation of the utility of four in-situ test methods for transmission line foundation design“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38760.
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Fantou, Alexandre. „Étude multi-physique et multi-échelle de la réaction d'hydratation du sulfate de calcium hémihydraté“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0099.
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En raison de leur capacité de prise, les liants hydrauliques sont utilisés à des fins très variées (e.g., matériaux de construction, substituts osseux, ...). La réaction de prise est toujours initiée par le mélange d'une ou plusieurs poudres fines avec une solution aqueuse. La dissolution des poudres réactives initiales entraîne la formation d'une pâte visqueuse, dont les propriétés évoluent avec le temps pour former une céramique poreuse monolithique par la nucléation et la précipitation de phase(s) plus stable(s). Dans le cadre de cette thèse, le plâtre CaSO4·2H2O obtenu par la réaction d'hydratation du sulfate de calcium hémihydraté CaSO4·0,5H2O est étudié dans des conditions standards (e.g., rapport massique liquide/solide, température et pression), afin de développer des techniques de caractérisation multi-physiques et multi-échelles in-situ et ex-situ pour suivre l'évolution de:- la composition des phases (réaction de dissolution et de précipitation) à l'aide de mesures calorimétriques, de la de la diffractométrie des rayons X et de la spectrophotométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier;- la microstructure à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à balayage et de la microtomographie aux rayons X;- les propriétés mécaniques en utilisant la mesure de vitesse de propagation des ultrasons, l'analyse mécanique dynamique en cisaillement et en compression et le test de résistance en compression. Ce panel de techniques a permis de suivre et de corréler les différentes transitions physiques survenant au cours de la réaction de prise et ainsi de dresser un portrait global des phénomènes physiques mis en jeuBecause of their setting ability, hydraulic binders are used for a wide variety of applications (e.g., construction materials, bone substitutes, ...). The setting reaction is always initiated by mixing one or several fine powders with an aqueous solution. The dissolution of the initial reactive powders results in the formation of a viscous paste, whose properties evolve with time to form a porous monolithic ceramic through the nucleation and precipitation of more stable phase(s). In this thesis, gypsum plaster CaSO4·2H2O obtained by the hydration reaction of calcium sulfate hemihydrate CaSO4·0,5H2O is studied under standard conditions (e.g., liquid/solid mass ratio, temperature and pressure), in order to develop multi-physic and multi-scale characterization techniques in-situ and ex-situ to monitor the evolution of:- the phase composition (rate of dissolution and precipitation) using calorimetric measurements, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry techniques;- the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography;- the mechanical properties using ultrasonic propagation velocity measurement, shear and compressive dynamic mechanical analysis and compressive strength testing. This panel of techniques enabled to monitor and to correlate the various physical transitions occurring during the setting reaction, and thus to draw a global picture of the on-going phenomena
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Bouguerra, Hafid. „Prévision du potentiel de liquéfaction des sites sableux à l'aide d'appareillages in-situ“. Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0003.
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Le travail de recherche propose par de l'auteur se situe dans le domaine de la geomecanique. La prevision du risque de liquefaction des sables lors de seismes reste un probleme majeur pour tous les projets de genie civil dans les zones a haute sismicite. Le but de nos recherches est de developper des methodes de prevision a partir d'appareillages de reconnaissance en place plus precis et plus sophistiques que le spt, tels que le penetrometre statique, le pressiometre et le piezocone. Notre demarche implique des etudes en laboratoire dans des massifs de sol reconstitues dans des conditions bien controlees et des etudes sur le terrain, sur des sites potentiellement liquefiables. Dans la premiere partie, cette demarche s'articule autour de trois volets : la determination par des essais triaxiaux cycliques non-draines de la resistance a la liquefaction des sables utilises dans nos recherches, l'etude de la reponse des appareillages de reconnaissance en place, notamment celle du piezocone, dans des massifs de sable reconstitues dans la chambre d'etalonnage permettant de controler les conditions d'essais, l'etude de la reponse de ces memes appareillages sur des sites connus pour avoir liquefie ou potentiellement liquefiables. La synthese de ces trois permettra de proposer de nouvelles methodes de prevision de la liquefaction. Dans la seconde partie, l'interpretation des reponses de ces appareillages sur des sites, en vue de la prevision a la liquefaction a l'aide des methodes proposees. Enfin, il est interessant d'elaborer des correlations pour le sable d'hostun rf, vue la base de donnees de resultats penetrometriques et pressiometriques sur ce sable en chambre d'etalonnage et les confronter avec les recherches menees par ailleurs. Ces correlations peuvent ainsi deboucher sur des regles utilisables par les praticiens.
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Guillon, Théophile. „Comportement hydromécanique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien lors de cycles de désaturation-resaturation“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL101N/document.
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Les propriétés des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien les désignent comme une barrière naturelle sûre pour le stockage de déchets radioactifs. Afin d’optimiser la prédiction de leur comportement, leur réponse à diverses sollicitations à court et long termes est étudiée. Notamment, lors de la phase d’exploitation, l’air ventilé dans les galeries n’est pas à l’équilibre hydrique avec la roche et peut perturber ses propriétés hydromécaniques (HM). Il semble alors essentiel de caractériser la réponse HM de la roche à des sollicitations hydriques.La démarche adoptée consiste à proposer un modèle physique adéquat, sur la base d’essais au laboratoire. L’essai de séchage est retenu puisqu’il permet d’étudier la réponse des échantillons en conditions non-saturées. A partir des résultats HM, un modèle élastique 2D isotrope est proposé, puis est élevé à la 3D avec un module de Young isotrope transverse. Ensuite, les données expérimentales servent à estimer certains paramètres poroélastiques et de transfert du modèle. Cette étape est accomplie par procédure inverse (minimisation de l’erreur mesures-calculs). Enfin, une modélisation 2D du comportement in situ est proposée, et compare les prédictions de modèles plastique isotrope et élastique isotrope transverse.Les simulations d’essais au laboratoire reproduisent assez bien les données expérimentales. Pour la modélisation in situ, une bonne corrélation est obtenue entre les prédictions et les mesures, et ce sans ajustement préalable des paramètres. Toutefois, le modèle souligne une influence limitée de la plasticité à l’échelle du laboratoire, alors que les phénomènes dissipatifs sont marqués in situ. Les modélisations 3D au laboratoire ne donnent pas de résultats plus fins qu’en 2D, mais reproduisent plus de données expérimentales (variations de masse, déformations axiales et latérales). De plus, injecter plusieurs types de données dans la formulation inverse permet d’améliorer la précision de l’algorithme. Par ailleurs, une meilleure stabilité de l’algorithme est obtenue en adoptant une convergence en deux étapes (simplex, puis méthode de type gradient). Les estimations numériques des paramètres corroborent les mesures expérimentales obtenues par ailleursThe Callovo-Oxfordian claystones’ properties make them reliable as a geological barrier for the confinement of radioactive wastes. In order to optimally predict their behavior, how they respond to various short and long terms loadings has to be studied. Particularly during the exploitation phase, air is continuously ventilated throughout the galleries. The climatic properties of this air are not balanced with those of the rock, and may perturb its hydromechanical (HM) attributes. Thus, assessing the HM response of the rock under hydric loading seems to be a priority.This dissertation begins with laboratory tests to propose an appropriate physical model. Drying tests were studied as they focus on the HM response of samples undergoing hydric loadings. A first 2D isotropic model is proposed, and then enhanced to 3D by considering a transversely isotropic Young modulus. Secondly, experimental results provide relevant data to estimate poroelastic and transport parameters involved in the model. Estimation is achieved according to an inverse procedure, which minimizes the error between measurements and model predictions. Finally, a real-size test is simulated using 2D models: an isotropic plastic one and a transversely isotropic elastic one.Model predictions reproduce well the laboratory tests data. When simulating the in situ behavior, a rather good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results (although using the parameters estimated at the laboratory scale). However, the model highlights a limited influence of plasticity in the laboratory tests, while dissipative phenomena obviously occur in situ. 3D laboratory simulations do not improve the precision of 2D results, but reproduce more experimental data (mass variations, axial and lateral strains). Moreover, the inversion process is more efficient when ran over various kinds of data. Furthermore, stability of the algorithm is improved when adopting a two-phase convergence (simplex, followed by a gradient-like method). Numerical estimates of the parameters are in agreement with the direct experimental measurements obtained through other tests
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Zaragoci, Jean-François. „Simulation numérique directe multiphasique de la déformation d’un alliage Al-Cu à l’état pâteux – Comparaison avec des observations par tomographie aux rayons X in situ en temps réel“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0088/document.
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La fissuration à chaud est un défaut majeur rencontré en solidification des alliages d'aluminium. Elle est liée à l'incapacité du liquide de s'écouler dans les zones où des porosités sont présentes, ne permettant pas de les refermer avant qu'elles gagnent en volume. Pour comprendre la fissuration à chaud, il est crucial de développer nos connaissances du comportement mécanique de la zone pâteuse. Pour cela, il est très utile d'effectuer des expériences de microtomographie aux rayons X et des simulations mécaniques sur des volumes élémentaires représentatifs. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de coupler les deux approches en initialisant une simulation par éléments finis grâce à des données de microtomographie issues d'un test de traction isotherme d'un alliage d'aluminium-cuivre à l'état pâteux. Cette approche originale nous donne directement accès à la réalité expérimentale et permet des comparaisons des évolutions numérique et expérimentale de l'éprouvette. Nous expliquons dans un premier temps comment obtenir la représentation numérique à l'aide de l'algorithme des marching cubes et de la méthode d'immersion de volume. Nous présentons ensuite notre modèle numérique qui s'appuie sur une résolution monolithique des équations de Stokes. Une fois le champ de vitesse obtenu dans l'ensemble des phases solide, liquide et gazeuse, nous utilisons une méthode level set dans un formalisme eulérien afin de faire évoluer la morphologie de notre échantillon numérique. Malgré la simplicité du modèle, les résultats expérimentaux et numériques montrent un accord raisonnable en ce qui concerne la propagation de l'air à l'intérieur de l'échantillonHot tearing is a major defect arising during solidification of aluminium alloys. This defect is associated with the inability of liquid to feed areas where voids have started to appear, not allowing to heal small defects before they grow bigger. To understand hot tearing, it is mandatory to develop a good knowledge of the semi-solid mechanical behaviour. It is thus very useful to carry out X-ray microtomographies experiments and mechanical simulations on representative elementary volumes. In this work, we couple the both approaches by initialising a finite element simulation with the help of microtomography data obtained during an isothermal tensile testing of an aluminium-copper alloy in the mushy state. This innovative approach gives a direct access to the experimental reality and allows comparisons of numerical and experimental evolutions of the sample. We explain in a first time how to get the numerical representation thanks to a marching cubes algorithm and the immersed volume method. Then, we present our numerical model for which we solve the Stokes equations in a monolithic way. Once the velocity computed in all the solid, liquid and gaseous phases, we use a level set method in a Eulerian formalism to obtain the morphological evolution of our numerical sample. Despite the model simplicity, numerical and experimental results show a reasonable agreement concerning the air propagation inside the sample
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Ahmad, Naveed. „Measurement of energy performance : Analysis of QUB method“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI051.
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QUB est une méthode d'essai de caractérisation thermique in situ dynamique qui a le potentiel d'être menée sur une courte durée d'une à deux nuits. La robustesse de la méthode QUB avec l'incertitude du niveau de puissance (pendant la phase de chauffage QUB), l'incertitude du coefficient de transfert de chaleur global à l'état d'équilibre, H_ref, et les températures extérieures en fonction des saisons doivent être établies pour les bâtiments réels. Un modèle dynamique d'état-espace est développé dans cette thèse pour simuler des expériences QUB. La modélisation espace-état consiste à générer un circuit thermique pour chaque composant du bâtiment (murs, fenestration, système de ventilation, etc.). Les circuits thermiques sont ensuite assemblés pour générer un seul circuit pour l'ensemble du bâtiment. Le modèle d'espace d'état développé, est validé à l'aide des caractéristiques thermiques et des données mesurées d'une maison à grande échelle (la maison jumelle) fournies par l'annexe 58 de l'IEA EBC. Les simulations numériques des expériences QUB sur une maison montrent que la méthode ne présente que de légères variations avec une incertitude de puissance; par exemple, une erreur de 30% de la puissance optimale peut provoquer une erreur à moins de 3% de la valeur de référence. Une analyse d'erreur a posteriori est effectuée en simulant des expériences QUB dans des situations où l'enveloppe réelle a des caractéristiques différentes de celles supposées dans la conception de l'expérience pour la méthode QUB. Ces résultats sont ensuite comparés à des erreurs a priori, une situation dans laquelle des expériences QUB sont effectuées avec la connaissance de l'enveloppe réelle. L'analyse des erreurs montre qu'avec une erreur de 50% du coefficient de transfert de chaleur global (c'est-à-dire une situation d'isolation de paroi manquante), la méthode QUB entraîne une erreur accrue de seulement 3¬¬%. La précision de la méthode QUB a également été testée avec la variation du rayonnement solaire. Les résultats QUB les jours nuageux montrent une variation moindre par rapport aux jours ensoleillés. Il a été démontré que le transfert de chaleur des radiations solaires retardées pénétrant à travers les murs du bâtiment a un effet sur l'évolution de la température au cours de l'expérience QUB. Cela peut entraîner une augmentation de l'erreur dans la méthode QUB. Les expériences QUB sont simulées pendant l'été et l'hiver pour déterminer l'impact des saisons sur la précision de la méthode. La saison d'hiver montre des résultats plus robustes que les mois d'été. Les mois d'été montrent une plus grande variation des résultats. Il est vérifié que la grande variation est due à une petite différence de température entre les conditions intérieures et extérieures pendant certaines des nuits d'été. Les expériences en saison estivale peuvent être améliorées en augmentant la température de consigne avant l'expérience QUBQUB is a dynamic in-situ thermal characterization test method that has the potential to be conducted in a short duration of one to two nights. The robustness of QUB method with uncertainty in power level (during QUB heating phase), uncertainty in overall heat transfer coefficient at steady state, H_ref, and the outdoor temperatures a function of seasons needs to be established for real buildings.A dynamic state-space model is developed in this thesis to simulate QUB experiments. The state-space modelling involves generating a thermal circuit for each component of the building (walls, fenestration, ventilation system, etc.). The thermal circuits are then assembled to generate a single circuit for the entire building. The state-space model developed, is validated using thermal characteristics and measured data of a full-scale house (the twin house) provided by IEA EBC Annex 58. The numerical simulations of the QUB experiments on a house show that the method has only slight variation with uncertainty in power; for example, 30% error in optimum power can cause an error within 3 % of the reference value. A posteriori error analysis is performed by simulating QUB experiments in situations in which the real envelope has different characteristics than those assumed in the design of the experiment for QUB method. These results are then compared with a priori errors, a situation in which QUB experiments are performed with the knowledge of the real envelope. The error analysis shows that with 50 % error in the overall heat transfer coefficient (i.e. missing wall insulation situation), the QUB method results in an increased error of only 3¬¬ %. The precision of QUB method was tested also with the variation of solar radiation. QUB results on cloudy days show lesser variation as compared to sunny days. It was shown that the heat transfer from the delayed solar radiations entering through the walls of the building has an effect on the temperature evolution during the QUB experiment. This can lead to an increased error in QUB method. The QUB experiments are simulated during summer and winter to determine the impact of seasons on the accuracy of the method. The winter season shows more robust results as compared to summer months. The summer months show larger variation of results. It is verified that the large variation are due to small temperature difference between indoor and outdoor conditions during some of the summer nights. The experiments in summer season can be improved by increasing the set point temperature before the QUB experiment
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Verguin, Dulieux Pascale. „Industrialisation d'une méthode de localisation de défauts sur circuits intégrés par cristaux liquides“. Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0177.
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L'evolution drastique de la technologie de fabrication des circuits integres rend difficile l'utilisation des outils d'analyse classiques. Parmi ces derniers, les cristaux liquides permettent neanmoins la localisation d'un defaut physique ou electrique sur circuit integre. Cette etude a pour objet de preciser dans quelles limites et sous quelles conditions la methode de test par cristaux liquides reste viable dans un environnement industriel. Comparee aux outils d'analyse actuellement disponibles, cette methode, qui autorise a la fois la detection de points chauds et la visualisation en contraste de potentiel d'un circuit en fonctionnement, revele un taux de couverture de defauts eleve. Sa limite d'utilisation en frequence en fait un outil complementaire du test par faisceau d'electrons. Mais la mise en uvre des cristaux liquides souleve les problemes de la fiabilite et de la reproductibilite des manipulations. Ainsi, la presence d'un relief en surface du circuit sous test pourra nuire a l'interpretation. De meme, les etapes de preparation de l'experience pourront mettre en peril le circuit, souvent unique, presentant la defaillance. Aussi s'efforcera-t-on au cours de ce travail de mettre en place des procedes bien maitrises qui minimiseront les risques d'erreurs. La methode de test par cristaux liquides est suffisamment attractive pour que l'on s'attache a la rendre fiable. Elle permet en effet le test in situ des composants defaillants, ce qui evite de reproduire artificiellement les conditions d'apparition du defaut au risque de le faire disparaitre, et qui autorise l'utilisation du programme de test non modifie d'une carte electronique complete. C'est ce qui fait la particularite de la methode par rapport aux autres disponibles actuellement. C'est aussi l'argument qui a motive notre choix dans un contexte de fabrication de cartes electroniques complexes
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Potier, Bruno. „Détermination des champs des températures et des concentrations dans une flamme de charbon pulvérisé de taille semi-industrielle : application au four pilote 1 mw du cerchar“. Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0012.
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Développement d'une méthode optique de mesure des températures, basée sur l'émission et l'absorption du rayonnement thermique dans le proche infrarouge, et permettant de déterminer la température en un point. Parallèlement aux champs des températures cette méthode permet d'accéder aux champs de concentrations relatives en particules et en dioxyde de carbone et fournir des renseignements sur les valeurs in situ de plusieurs paramètres nécessaires à la modélisation des transferts thermiques.
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Chien-TaiShih und 施健泰. „The In Situ Test, Analysis and Application of Seismic Retrofitting Methods of Typical School Buildings“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34372168386854158219.
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博士國立成功大學
土木工程學系
102
The seismic resistance capacities of typical I-shape low-rise RC school buildings are limited along the parallel-corridor direction; this phenomenon is crucially non-negligible in terms of seismic retrofitting design. To truly realize details of construction as well as retrofitting benefits, the in-situ push-over tests will be a better strategy to prevent ‘downscaling effect’ and obtain the most direct-and -reliable retrofitting verification. In this study, both in-situ push-over experiments and their corresponding numerical (ABAQUS) simulations are used to investigate the differences of structural behaviors before and after retrofitting. From the observations in this study, it is recommended to add ‘construction-time- modulating factor’ as well as using confined concrete value ( value depends on the reset of stirrups) to carry out push-over analysis. The comparison of each experimental specimen’s seismic capacity as well as their analytical results show that RC jacketing columns, the steel channel adhered to the existing RC columns of external steel-framing system, and column frame retrofitted specimens have both precise prediction and effectively improved strength and ductility when analyzing force behavior of columns and its failure mode, and the two results can provide low-rise RC school buildings with available reinforcement methods: the former one is applicable to existing school buildings with smaller , whereas the latter one is to larger buildings.
Bücher zum Thema "In-Situ-Test methods"
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Liaqat, Ali, Changsha li gong da xue., American Society of Civil Engineers. Geo-Institute. und GeoHunan International Conference on Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation Geotechnics (2009 : Changsha, Hunan Sheng, China), Hrsg. Recent advancement in soil behavior, in situ test methods, pile foundations, and tunneling: Selected papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, August 3-6, 2009, Changsha, Hunan, China. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009.
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Liaqat, Ali, Changsha li gong da xue., American Society of Civil Engineers. Geo-Institute. und GeoHunan International Conference on Challenges and Recent Advances in Pavement Technologies and Transportation Geotechnics (2009 : Changsha, Hunan Sheng, China), Hrsg. Recent advancement in soil behavior, in situ test methods, pile foundations, and tunneling: Selected papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, August 3-6, 2009, Changsha, Hunan, China. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009.
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Recent advancement in soil behavior, in situ test methods, pile foundations, and tunneling: Selected papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, August 3-6, 2009, Changsha, Hunan, China. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009.
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Recent advancement in soil behavior, in situ test methods, pile foundations, and tunneling: Selected papers from the 2009 GeoHunan International Conference, August 3-6, 2009, Changsha, Hunan, China. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering. CRC Press LLC, 2022.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "In-Situ-Test methods"
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Nautiyal, Pranjal, Benjamin Boesl und Arvind Agarwal. „Test Methods for In-Situ Mechanical Characterization“. In In-situ Mechanics of Materials, 75–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43320-8_3.
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Decordier, Ilse, und Micheline Kirsch-Volders. „Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Technique for the Micronucleus Test“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 237–44. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-529-3_12.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. „Dilatometer Test (DMT)“. In In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, 195–253. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003002017-6.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. „Pressuremeter Test (PMT)“. In In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, 255–89. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003002017-7.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. „Plate Load Test (PLT) and Screw Plate Load Test (SPLT)“. In In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, 307–31. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003002017-9.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. „Borehole Shear Test (BST)“. In In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, 291–306. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003002017-8.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. „Field Vane Test (FVT)“. In In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, 167–94. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003002017-5.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. „Standard Penetration Test (SPT)“. In In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, 13–72. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003002017-2.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. „Dynamic Cone Penetration Test (DCP)“. In In Situ Testing Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, 73–101. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003002017-3.
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Weidner, Anja, Alexander Schmiedel, Mikhail Seleznev und Horst Biermann. „Influence of Internal Defects on the Fatigue Life of Steel and Aluminum Alloys in the VHCF Range“. In Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration, 605–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_24.
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AbstractThis chapter concerns the influence of internal defects (i.e. nonmetallic inclusions, secondary phases and cast defects) on the fatigue lifetime of steel and aluminum alloys in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. The detrimental effect of internal defects depends on multiple factors such as size, morphology, chemical composition, test temperature or position in the material. Specimens were tested after active and/or reactive melt filtration processes of the materials which served to influence the amount and size distribution of internal defects. Fatigue experiments up to 109 cycles were carried out using ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment. In addition, in situ methods, as e.g. full surface view thermography and acoustic emission (AE), were applied to study the processes of crack initiation and propagation, which finally lead to fatigue failure. Furthermore, the cyclically strained samples were subjected to fractographic analysis and the S–N-curves were discussed according to the characteristics of the crack-initiating defects. Based on these investigations, an enhanced knowledge about the correlation of internal defects on the materials’ fatigue strength enables a specific melt filtration strategy adjusted to the materials’ service conditions.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "In-Situ-Test methods"
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Tetteh, Edem Y., Michael W. Jeong und Eric Loth. „Ice Shear Adhesion Test Methods Review and New In Situ Test Method“. In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0508.
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Anderson, Justin S., und Jerry G. Rose. „In-Situ Test Measurement Techniques Within Railway Track Structures“. In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63047.
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Recent changes in national transportation needs have placed increased burden on railroad infrastructure. To meet the increased demand for efficient freight transport, the railroad industry has increased traffic volume and maximized axle loadings. Increased axle loads have forced railroads to reevaluate existing infrastructure to ensure their ability to accommodate the additional traffic loads. It is imperative to design and maintain tracks such that they can withstand high volume and increasing axle loads over an extended service life, considering the track structure is the most significant capital expense for railroad companies. It has been desirable for years to develop non-intrusive procedures to directly measure pressures and stresses at various levels and interfaces in the railroad track structure in order to optimize track designs and improve subsequent track performance. Methods for measuring both pressures and deflections have been presented in recent research focusing on assessing the performance of trackbeds with increased track modulus, primarily through the addition of asphalt underlayment. These studies involve instrumenting HMA trackbeds with earth pressure cells and displacement transducers to measure pressure levels and distributions within the track structure and rail deflections under moving trains. Additional test methodologies have been developed to include pressure readings at interfaces like the rail/tieplate interface and the tieplate/tie interface using very thin pressure sensitive Tekscan sensors. The Tekscan Measurement System uses a piezoelectric film sensor composed of a matrix-based array of force sensitive cells, similar to mini strain gauges, to obtain accurate pressure distributions between two surfaces in the track. The procedure appears applicable for a wide variety of specific track related measurements to include: 1) analyzing pressure distribution patterns at the rail base/tie plate/tie interfaces to minimize wear and eliminate pressure points, 2) validating and optimizing horizontal curve geometric design criteria relative to superelevation, 3) assessing crossing diamond, other special trackwork, and bridge approach impact pressures, and 4) evaluating the advantages/disadvantages of various types of tie plates, fastenings, and tie compositions with the objective of equalizing pressure distributions over the interface areas. Results of testing are presented in detail for test installations on CSX Transportation heavy tonnage mainlines and at the Transportation Technology Center (Pueblo) low track modulus heavy tonnage test track.
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Gupta, Raj K. „In-Situ Test Structures for Metrological and Mechanical Characterization of MEMS“. In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1149.
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Abstract Separating geometrical dependence from extracted mechanical stiffness parameters to obtain fundamental mechanical properties, such as the Young’s Modulus E and the internal (residual) stress σ within 10%, is difficult. Mechanical stiffness, obtained from an intermediate measured quantity, generally depends on high powers of structural geometry, but only linearly with mechanical property. For example, the maximum deflection of a uniformly loaded beam under linear-elastic conditions is proportional to L4 and 1/t3, where L is the beam length and t is the thickness, but is only linearly proportional to E. Secondly, geometric measurements to sub-micron precision as required for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) require error-free techniques and metrological calibration standards. In this talk, methods for error-reduction, using techniques for detecting errors in measured geometry and a proposed method for in-situ wafer-level electrical measurement of geometry, are presented.
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Köhler, D. „Comparison of ex- and in-situ investigations of clinched single-lap shear specimens“. In Sheet Metal 2023. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-20.
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Abstract. Force-displacement measurements and macrosections are commonly used methods to validate numerical models of clinching processes. However, these ex-situ methods often lead to springback of elastic deformations and crack-closing after unloading. In contrast, the in-situ computed tomography (CT) can provide three-dimensional images of the clinching point under loading conditions. So far, the quantity of elastic springback that causes measuring deviations between in- and ex-situ measurements is not determined. In this paper, a method is described to quantitatively compare the results of in-situ CT, ex-situ CT and CT scans of cut specimens, which are prepared for macrosectioning, among each other. The method is applied to a single-lap shear test of two clinched aluminum sheets. Here, the test is conducted to specific process steps, then the specimen is CT scanned in-situ (during loading) and ex-situ (after unloading). Subsequently, the specimens are cut for macrosectioning and CT scanned. Finally, the outer contours and the interfaces of cross section images are determined by digital image analysis and the deviations over the clinching point between ex- and in-situ methods are calculated.
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Wang, Jinxun, Abdulkareem M. AlSofi, Yara A. Alzahid und Abdullah M. Boqmi. „Evaluating In-Situ Gelation Property for Conformance Improvement“. In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210637-ms.
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Abstract Gel-based deep conformance control is a potential method for improving sweep efficiency and facilitating contact with the remaining oil in heterogeneous reservoirs. When using an in-situ gelling system for in-depth treatment, gel strength gradually increases during and after the gel placement in reservoir. Understanding the in-situ gelation properties is essential for screening reliable gelling systems to achieve successful field treatment results. In this study, we performed in-situ gelation evaluations on an organically crosslinked polymer gel system at 95°C. The gel consisted of a low molecular weight polyacrylamide polymer and a polyethylenimine (PEI) crosslinker. Bulk gel properties were assessed through bottle tests and rheological measurements. Results showed that the gelation time of the studied gel system can reach up to 10 days at 95°C. The oscillatory measurements demonstrated the dominance of its elastic nature and remarkable stretch ability. This indicated the potential of the studied organically cross-linked gel for deep conformance improvement applications. Coreflooding experiments of both the bidirectional displacement and continuous injection were conducted for in-situ gelation assessment. In the bidirectional displacement test, the polymer solution was alternately injected from both ends of a three-plug composite core with gel pre-placed in the middle plug. In the continuous injection test, a slug of gel was kept at dynamic flow condition in a slim tube by continuously injecting the polymer solution. The pressure responses from these displacement tests were used to assess the in-situ gelation behavior. Results showed that the in-situ gelation times from both tests were almost the same for a same gel. The in-situ gelation time from the displacement tests also corresponded very well with the transition time from moderately flowing gel to strong gel observed in the bottle test. This demonstrates that both displacement methods can be used to effectively evaluate the in-situ gelation property, and the conventional bottle test can be calibrated as a very efficient way to assess in situ gel performance.
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Levine, Philip, und Leonard C. Angello. „Test Protocols for Combustion Turbine Inlet Cooling Foggers“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68602.
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This paper on test protocols for combustion turbine (CT) inlet cooling investigates the instrumentation and methodology options available for testing fogger systems for cooling CT inlet air. Test protocols are presented for the steady state water balance and heat balance measurements. Estimated test uncertainties are presented for the direct measurement of cooling, heat balance, and power curve test methods. In-situ hot wire instrumentation is considered for measuring the carryover. The benefits of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis are illustrated for guidance in the location and in defining the requirements of the instrumentation. Supporting test data for in-situ, heat balance, and power curve tests are included in the report. Test procedures and a method to correct the test results to the guarantee condition are presented. This investigation supports the development of code tests being developed by the ASME PTC 51 Committee.
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Le Crom, Izan, Yves Perignon, Jean-Baptiste Saulnier und Christian Berhault. „Extreme Sea Conditions in Shallow Water: Estimations Based on In-Situ Measurements“. In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10752.
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This paper focuses on the assessment of the environmental extreme conditions in term of wind and waves at the SEMREV wave energy test site for application in the design of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) devices and components. The paper will first present the existing in situ wind and wave measurements. A prediction chain from global to regional scales, and based on a regional wave model calibrated at the SEMREV location, is then described. It enables to build a specific 22 year hindcast dataset for the test site. Long term extrapolation is finally achieved at the SEMREV location using existing methodologies for deep water conditions. Long term extrapolations methods are usually very sensitive to the parameterization and configuration of the prediction chain and we demonstrate in this study that the best overall performances are reached by a POT method at this stage of development in the prediction chain.
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Lin, Kunyang, Wenhu Wang, Ruisong Jiang, Xiaofen Liu, Xiaoxiang Zhu und Zhanfei Zhang. „Two Methods for the Constitutive Modeling of TiB2/7050 Al Composites“. In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11034.
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Abstract In this paper, the Johnson-Cook constitutive model of in situ TiB2/7050 Al metal matrix composites determined by two different methods are compared. The commonly used quasi-static and dynamic compressive experiments are firstly conducted under the strain rate range of 10−3∼5000s−1 and temperature range of 20∼200 °C. The orthogonal cutting experiments are also used to calculate the JC model. The description ability of two models are evaluated by two statistical parameters: correlation coefficient and average absolute error. The results show that the JC model determined by the compression experiments performs better to describe the stress-strain behavior of in situ TiB2/7050 Al composites. Although the JC model from orthogonal cutting experiments can be used to simulate the cutting process, it cannot describe the flow stress behavior exactly during material deformation processes. For an accurate constitutive model of a material, the basic tensile or compression test is deemed necessary.
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Dikici, B., C. Tekmen, M. Gavgali, Y. Tsunekawa und M. Okumiya. „Corrosion Behavior of In-Situ AI2O3 Formed Composite Coating by DC Plasma Spraying“. In ITSC2008, herausgegeben von B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima und G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p1480.
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Abstract In-situ plasma spraying (IPS) is a promising process to fabricate composite coatings with in-situ formed thermodynamically stable phases. In the present study, mechanically alloyed Al–12Si and SiO2 powder was deposited onto an aluminum substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) to obtain a composite coating consist of in-situ formed alumina reinforced hypereutectic Al-18Si matrix alloy. The effect of arc current on the corrosion behavior of the composite coating has been investigated. Corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was analyzed by using the potentiodynamic polarization scanning (PDS) technique. Surface morphology of the coatings before and after the corrosion test was examined by using metallographic methods and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Obtained results are discussed in detail.
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VIRSIS, Endijs, und Ainars PAEGLITIS. „Analysis of physical and mechanical soil properties determined using probing data interpretations“. In 12th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VILNIUS TECH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2023.877.
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Road design is a complex, time-consuming, and very responsible process. To develop a high-quality and viable road project, it is very important to start with an accurate geological investigation. In situ tests can provide a number of advantages over the traditional drilling, sampling and laboratory testing approach used in many geotechnical projects. However, like all tests, in situ tests also have a number of limitations. Although all probing methods are similar, each of them gives slightly different results. The aim of this work was to analyse and compare the interpretation results of soil layer physical-mechanical properties obtained with different in-situ test methods and to find out how the obtained results affect the development of constructive solutions from the safety point of view.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "In-Situ-Test methods"
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Fahr, Sven, Daniel Tschopp, Jan Erik Nielsen, Korbinian Kramer und Philip Ohnewein. Review of In Situ Test Methods for Solar Collectors and Solar Collector Arrays. IEA SHC Task 55, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0014.
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This fact sheet presents three in situ test methods for solar collectors and solar collector arrays, namely In situ Collector Certification (ICC), Performance Check for Collector Arrays (PC) and Dynamic Collector Array Test (D-CAT). A comparison is made regarding their scopes and use cases, methodologies and outcomes, which could serve as a decision-making aid for stakeholders in selecting the procedure that best suits their needs. The analysis shows that the methods do not contradict, but rather complement each other.
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Corscadden, Louise, und Anjali Singh. Grip Strength Test In Rodents. ConductScience, Januar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs2023109.
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The grip strength test is one of the most commonly applied tests in animal laboratories to measure neuromuscular functions or disorders. It was first developed in the 1970s. Today a wide range of techniques are available to study muscle strength in rodents. These methods are categorized into two categories:[2] Invasive method: In situ and in vitro measurements of muscle force are invasive methods. Non-invasive method: This method only includes in vivo measurement tests to analyze muscle force such as treadmill tests, wire hang tests, swimming endurance, vertical pole test, and grip strength tests. The most convenient technique of all tests is the grip strength test. It’s most convenient and causes less stress to animals. The grip test has been widely used in order to investigate the phenotypes of transgenic mice with neuromuscular disease and evaluate potential compounds involved in the motor functioning of organisms. The tests have been serving the purpose for 30 years either alone or in combination with other tests.
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Krumme, M., D. Dwyer, S. Thiem, J. Tiedje und R. Smith. Aquifer microcosms and in situ methods to test the fate and function of pollutant-degrading microorganisms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6906240.
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Gummow und Segall. L51799 In-Situ Evaluation of Directional Drill-Bore Coating Quality. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Oktober 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010665.
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The objectives of this project were to: (1) examine known techniques of evaluating coating quality on buried pipe; (2) select one or more of these methods for in-situ testing; (3) develop a field test procedure that a corrosion technician can follow using equipment typically at his or her disposal; and (4) evaluate the feasibility of using this procedure both before and after the bored pipe is tied in. Two methods - coating conductance and current requirements - were tested on epoxy-coated pipe samples which were back filled with soil having a different resistivities. Both test methods proved successful; therefore, a field test procedure was developed that incorporates both. However, this procedure cannot be used when the pipe is tied-in because of accuracy limitations of existing current measurement instruments (unless the pipe is tied-in using isolating fittings). Includes spreadsheets to aid the assessment calculations and associated examples.
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Meißner, Frank, Heike Sonntag und Anita Morandell-Meißner. Water uptake measurement for thermal renovations – comparison between non-destructive method, the Karsten tube, and automatic laboratory measurements. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541652209.
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The energy-efficient renovation of existing buildings requires precise knowledge of the wall structure. When using interior insulation systems, the driving rain resistance of the façade is also decisive for the function of the entire wall structure. When using interior insulation on exposed brick facades, the verification can often only be done with the help of a hygrothermal simulation. In practice, a non-destructive method, the Karsten tube or various modifications, is used to assess this essential characteristic value quickly. However, the measured values obtained from this method do not agree with the laboratory-measured values determined on a test specimen taken from the laboratory. This article presents measurements on bricks from several refurbishment projects to determine the cause. They were carried out both in the installed state with the in-situ method and subsequently after brick removal on the same materials under laboratory conditions to bring about comparability concerning the material. This article presents the automatic detection of water uptake of porous materials compared to the in-situ measurement with the Karsten tube. It evaluates the measurement results of both measurement methods.
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Hair. L51836 Coating Requirements for Pipelines Installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling and Slip Boring. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Juli 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010144.
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Research began with a literature search to obtain relevant background material. Existing test methods were examined to determine their applicability to HDD and slip boring loads. Two generally applicable methods were identified, Technical Inspection Services (TISI) Gouge Test and the Taber Abraser Test (ASTM D 4060). To reinforce the results of the laboratory testing, a procedure was developed to verify the performance of the selected coating systems on actual HDD installations. Thios involved documentation of the general parameters of the installation, such as length, diameter, and surface conditions and then measuring the quality of the coating system after installation using the procedure developed under PRCI contract number PR-262-9738 titled "In-Situ Evaluation of Directional Drill/Bore Coating Quality, Evaluation of Test Methods". Ten (10) coating systems were selected for examination and an eleventh was added at a manufacturer's request and cost including; 3M 6352, Thanecoat TC-700, Powercrete, Lilly 2040, 3M 206N, SPC 2888, Powercrete J, Isotube, Zebron, NapRick, CeramGard ML.
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Robinett, Fred. PR-471-14207-Z03 Evaluation of Field Pump Performance Testing Procedure. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011616.
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In situ pump performance testing was performed at the TransCanada pipeline Monitor station in Alberta Canada and Liebenthal station in Saskatchewan Canada in accordance with the Field Pump Performance Testing Procedure (PRCI report PR-471-14207-R01). Testing at the Monitor station was performed by Sulzer with two different batches of crude oil with slightly different viscosities and densities. Because of the pipeline operation limitations the flow could not be varied appreciably, however the flow points were near the pumps bep flow and therefore believed to be beneficial. To help validate field pump performance testing techniques measurements were taken using two methods to measure flow and two to measure pump power-in. Testing at the Liebenthal station was performed by TransCanada personnel on one fixed speed and one variable speed unit. All testing was performed with one batch of crude oil. The fixed speed unit power was measured with electrical power to the motor and the variable speed unit power was measured with a torque meter and electrical power. A full description of the Excel sheets used to calculate the field pump performance and the factory test data corrected to field conditions is made. The spreadsheet is included with this report. This work will benefit the liquids pipeline operators by validating the field test procedure, thereby providing assurance and acceptance of the methods. Using these field pump performance testing methods on additional pumps will help populate the database of measured viscous pump performances. This data can then be used to further improve the Hydraulic Institutes viscous correction calculations. Additionally, improved field pump performance measurements will allow the pipeline users to optimize their pipeline operation.
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Arnett, Clint, und Rebekah Wilson. Evaluation of a visible light responsive photocatalytic coating to resist microbial contamination and increase indoor air quality. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47644.
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To meet new Department of Defense (DoD) energy standards, buildings are being constructed, and existing buildings are being retrofitted with tighter envelops. These new standards can reduce operational costs significantly but also limit fresh outdoor air coming into the built environments. This can result in the accumulation of harmful substances within buildings, which can have adverse effects on its occupants. New photocatalytic coatings may be a solution to this ever-increasing problem as they have the ability to destroy both chemical and biological toxins when activated with light. This work evaluated a novel indoor-light-reactive photocatalytic coating for its ability to eliminate or reduce microbial contamination un-der in situ test conditions. However, air and surface sampling revealed no reduction in either viable fungi and bacteria or total airborne mold spores. Additionally, no significant differentiation could be made in the composition of volatile organics between the treated and untreated areas. How-ever, testing the photocatalytic activity of the coating with standardized test methods and increased illumination, revealed the coating did exhibit antimicrobial activity against mold, bacteria, and viruses. This suggested that there may be limited benefit to using the indoor-light-reactive photocatalytic coating to inhibit microbial contamination unless specific lighting conditions can be met.
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Steudlein, Armin, Besrat Alemu, T. Matthew Evans, Steven Kramer, Jonathan Stewart, Kristin Ulmer und Katerina Ziotopoulou. PEER Workshop on Liquefaction Susceptibility. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, Mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/bpsk6314.
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Seismic ground failure potential from liquefaction is generally undertaken in three steps. First, a susceptibility evaluation determines if the soil in a particular layer is in a condition where liquefaction triggering could potentially occur. This is followed by a triggering evaluation to estimate the likelihood of triggering given anticipated seismic demands, environmental conditions pertaining to the soil layer (e.g., its depth relative to the ground water table), and the soil state. For soils where triggering can be anticipated, the final step involves assessments of the potential for ground failure and its impact on infrastructure systems. This workshop was dedicated to the first of these steps, which often plays a critical role in delineating risk for soil deposits with high fines contents and clay-silt-sand mixtures of negligible to moderate plasticity. The workshop was hosted at Oregon State University on September 8-9, 2022 and was attended by 49 participants from the research, practice, and regulatory communities. Through pre-workshop polls, extended abstracts, workshop presentations, and workshop breakout discussions, it was demonstrated that leaders in the liquefaction community do not share a common understanding of the term “susceptibility” as applied to liquefaction problems. The primary distinction between alternate views concerns whether environmental conditions and soil state provide relevant information for a susceptibility evaluation, or if susceptibility is a material characteristic. For example, a clean, dry, dense sand in a region of low seismicity is very unlikely to experience triggering of liquefaction and would be considered not susceptible by adherents of a definition that considers environmental conditions and state. The alternative, and recommended, definition focusing on material susceptibility would consider the material as susceptible and would defer consideration of saturation, state, and loading effects to a separate triggering analysis. This material susceptibility definition has the advantage of maintaining a high degree of independence between the parameters considered in the susceptibility and triggering phases of the ground failure analysis. There exist differences between current methods for assessing material susceptibility – the databases include varying amount of test data, the materials considered are distinct (from different regions) and have been tested using different procedures, and the models can be interpreted as providingdifferent outcomes in some cases. The workshop reached a clear consensus that new procedures are needed that are developed using a new research approach. The recommended approach involves assembling a database of information from sites for which in situ test data are available (borings with samples, CPTs), cyclic test data are available from high-quality specimens, and a range of index tests are available for important layers. It is not necessary that the sites have experienced earthquake shaking for which field performance is known, although such information is of interest where available. A considerable amount of data of this type are available from prior research studies and detailed geotechnical investigations for project sites by leading geotechnical consultants. Once assembled and made available, this data would allow for the development of models to predict the probability of material susceptibility given various independent variables (e.g., in-situ tests indices, laboratory index parameters) and the epistemic uncertainty of the predictions. Such studies should be conducted in an open, transparent manner utilizing a shared database, which is a hallmark of the Next Generation Liquefaction (NGL) project.
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Clark, Hart und Beavers. L52030 In-Situ Pipeline Mechanical Property Characterization. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011148.
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The objective of this program is to identify reliable, field applicable nondestructive test methods that can be used for estimating the yield strength, tensile strength, and fracture toughness of line pipe steels. This will include the proper procedures and limitations for the equipment identified. Since a majority of the pipe that may not be properly documented is from older lines, this program is focused on Grade X60 or lower material.