Thematische Bibliographien / IMTP force

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „IMTP force“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 21. Januar 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "IMTP force"

Merrigan, Justin J., Jason D. Stone, W. Guy Hornsby und Joshua A. Hagen. „Identifying Reliable and Relatable Force–Time Metrics in Athletes—Considerations for the Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull and Countermovement Jump“. Sports 9, Nr. 1 (31.12.2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9010004.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate intrasession reliability of countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force–time characteristics, as well as relationships between CMJ and IMTP metrics. Division I sport and club athletes (n = 112) completed two maximal effort CMJ and IMTP trials, in that order, on force plates. Relative and absolute reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) > 0.80 and coefficients of variation (CVs) < 10%. Intrasession reliability was acceptable for the majority of the CMJ force–time metrics except for concentric rate of force development (RFD), eccentric impulse and RFD, and lower limb stiffness. The IMTP’s time to peak force, instantaneous force at 150 ms, instantaneous net force, and RFD measures were not reliable. Statistically significant weak to moderate relationships (r = 0.20–0.46) existed between allometrically scaled CMJ and IMTP metrics, with the exception of CMJ eccentric mean power not being related with IMTP performances. A majority of CMJ and IMTP metrics met acceptable reliability standards, except RFD measures which should be used with caution. Provided CMJs and IMTPs are indicative of distinct physical fitness capabilities, it is suggested to monitor athlete performance in both tests via changes in those variables that demonstrate the greatest degree of reliability.

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Brady, Claire J., Andrew J. Harrison, Eamonn P. Flanagan, G. Gregory Haff und Thomas M. Comyns. „The Relationship Between Isometric Strength and Sprint Acceleration in Sprinters“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0151.

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Purpose:To examine the relationships between the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), isometric squat (ISqT), and sprint acceleration performance in track-and-field sprinters and to determine whether there are differences between men and women.Methods:Fifteen male and 10 female sprinters performed 3 maximal-effort IMTPs, ISqTs, and 3 × 30-m sprints from blocks.Results:Among the men, the results showed significant negative correlations between IMTP and ISqT peak force; relative peak force; force at 100, 150, and 200 ms; rate of force development (0–150 and 0–200 ms); and impulse (0–200 ms) and 0- to 5-m time (r = −.517 to −.714;P < .05). IMTP impulse (B = −0.582,P = .023) and ISqT relative peak force (B = −0.606,P = .017) significantly predicted 0- to 5-m time. Among the women, no IMTP or ISqT variables significantly correlated with any sprint times. Men measured significantly higher than women for all IMTP measures except relative peak force. Men were significantly faster than women at all splits. When comparing measures of the ISqT, there were no significant differences between men and women.Conclusions:Variables measured during the IMTP and ISqT significantly correlated with 0- to 5-m sprint performance in male athletes. Isometric strength can have a sizable influence on 0- to 5-m time, but in some cases, the maximum effect could be very small.

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Martin, Eric A., und George K. Beckham. „Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance in Rugby Players: A Systematic Literature Review“. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, Nr. 4 (08.12.2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5040091.

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The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is a multi-joint test of whole-body force production relevant to rugby players. “Rugby AND (mid-thigh pull OR midthigh pull OR mid thigh pull” were searched in PubMed, Sportdiscus, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and Google Scholar; the final date of search was 24 January 2018. Data extraction from 24 articles included subject characteristics, force data, and IMTP testing procedures. Select ranges of peak forces reported were: Youth: 1162–2374 N; Academy: 1855–3104 N; Professional: 2254–3851 N. Rate of force development (RFD) at 100 and 200 ms ranged from 5521 to 11,892 N and 5403 to 8405 N, respectively, among professional rugby players. Studies’ research design were of moderate quality, but most studies lacked detailed reporting of IMTP procedures. Variability of force characteristics derived from the IMTP within similar populations (e.g., approximately 200% difference in peak force between samples of professional rugby league players) as well as large and unexpected overlaps between dissimilar populations, limit conclusions about force production capabilities relative to playing level, likely due to limitations and lack of standardization of IMTP procedures. Greater uniformity in IMTP testing procedures and reporting is needed. This manuscript provides a guide for reporting needs when presenting results from an IMTP in research.

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Thomas, Christopher, Paul A. Jones und Paul Comfort. „Reliability of the Dynamic Strength Index in College Athletes“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, Nr. 5 (Juli 2015): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0255.

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Purpose:To determine the reliability of the Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) in college athletes.Method:Nineteen male college athletes performed the squat jump (SJ) and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) to determine peak force, on 2 separate days. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), percentage change in the mean, smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and coefficient of variation (%CV).Results:Peak force for the SJ was 2137 ± 499 N and 2781 ± 435 N for the IMTP, resulting in a mean DSI of 0.78 ± 0.19. Peak forces in the SJ (ICC = .99, TE = 57.22 N, change in mean = 0.2%, SWC = 4.7%, CV = 2.6%) and IMTP (ICC = .95, TE = 104.22 N, change in mean = 0.5%, SWC = 3.1%, CV = 3.8%) were considered highly reliable between sessions. However, IMTP peak force was the only variable with an overall TE < SWC. The DSI was also highly reliable (ICC = .97, TE = 0.03, change in mean = −0.3%, SWC = 5.1%, CV = 4.6%) between sessions.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that peak force in the SJ and IMTP are reliable, resulting in a reliable assessment of dynamic-force-production capabilities via the DSI. The DSI may be used to guide individualized training interventions and monitor specific adaptations to training. Changes in SJ peak force, IMTP peak force, and DSI were >4.67%, 3.13%, and 5.13%, respectively, identifying meaningful changes in response to training or competition.

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Hogarth, Luke, Mark McKean, Max McKenzie und Tyler Collings. „Utility of an Isometric Midthigh Pull Test to Assess Lower Body Muscular Strength in Professional Netball Players“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, Nr. 5 (01.05.2021): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0900.

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Purpose: This study established the relationship between isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) peak force and court-based jumping, sprinting, and change of direction (COD) performance in professional netball players. The change in IMTP peak force in response to sport-specific training was also examined. Methods: IMTP peak force and court-based jumping, sprinting, and COD were collected in 18 female athletes contracted to a Suncorp Super Netball team. Linear regression models established the relationship between absolute and normalized strength values and court-based performance measures in the participant cohort. Changes in IMTP peak force and court-based performance measures were examined following 2 consecutive preseason training blocks in a subset of participants. Results: The IMTP peak force values normalized to body mass were found to be determinants of court-based jumping, sprinting, and COD performance in the participant cohort (R2 = .34–.65, P ≤ .016). The participants showed increases in absolute (mean ± SE = 398 ± 68.5 N, P < .001, Hedge g = 0.70 [−0.05 to 1.35]) and normalized IMTP peak force (mean ± SE = 4.6 ± 0.78 N·kg−1, P < .001, Hedge g = 0.47 [−0.04 to 0.97]) over 2 consecutive training blocks that coincided with improvements in jumping, sprinting, and COD performances. Conclusion: IMTP peak force is a determinant of court-based jumping, sprinting, and COD performance and is sensitive to training in professional netball players. These results support the utility of the IMTP test to monitor the development and maintenance of maximal lower body muscular strength in these athletes.

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Scanlan, Aaron T., Neal Wen, Joshua H. Guy, Nathan Elsworthy, Michele Lastella, David B. Pyne, Daniele Conte und Vincent J. Dalbo. „The Isometric Midthigh Pull in Basketball: An Effective Predictor of Sprint and Jump Performance in Male, Adolescent Players“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, Nr. 3 (01.03.2020): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0107.

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Purpose: To examine correlations between peak force and impulse measures attained during the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and basketball-specific sprint and jump tests. Methods: Male, adolescent basketball players (N = 24) completed a battery of basketball-specific performance tests. Testing consisted of the IMTP (absolute and normalized peak force and impulse at 100 and 250 ms); 20-m sprint (time across 5, 10, and 20 m); countermovement jump (CMJ; absolute and normalized peak force and jump height); standing long jump (distance); and repeated lateral bound (distance). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted between IMTP measures and other attributes. Results: An almost perfect correlation was evident between absolute peak force attained during the IMTP and CMJ (r = .94, R2 = 56%, P < .05). Moderate to very large correlations (P < .05) were observed between IMTP normalized peak force and 5-m sprint time (r = −.44, R2 = 19%), 10-m sprint time (r = −.45, R2 = 20%), absolute (r = .57, R2 = 33%), normalized (r = .86, R2 = 73%) CMJ peak force, and standing long-jump distance (r = .51, R2 = 26%). Moderate to very large correlations were evident between impulse measures during the IMTP and 5-m sprint time (100 ms, r = −.40, R2 = 16%, P > .05) and CMJ absolute peak force (100 ms, r = .73, R2 = 54%; 250 ms, r = .68, R2 = 47%; P < .05). Conclusions: The IMTP may be used to assess maximal and rapid force expression important across a range of basketball-specific movements.

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Dos’Santos, Thomas, Paul A. Jones, Jonathan Kelly, John J. McMahon, Paul Comfort und Christopher Thomas. „Effect of Sampling Frequency on Isometric Midthigh-Pull Kinetics“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, Nr. 2 (März 2016): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0222.

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Purpose:Skeletal-muscle function can be evaluated using force–times curves generated via the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP). Various sampling frequencies (500–1000 Hz) have been used for IMTP assessments; however, no research has investigated the influence of sampling frequency on IMTP kinetics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sampling frequency on kinetic variables during the IMTP, including peak force, time-specific force values (100, 150, and 200 ms), and rate of force development (RFD) at 3 time bands (0–100, 0–150, 0–200 ms).Methods:Academy rugby league players (n = 30, age 17.5 ± 1.1 y, height 1.80 ± 0.06 m, mass 85.4 ± 10.3 kg) performed 3 IMTP trials on a force platform sampling at 2000 Hz, which was subsequently down-sampled to 1500, 1000, and 500 Hz for analysis.Results:Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) demonstrated high within-session reliability for all force and RFD variables across all sampling frequencies (ICC ≥ .80, CV ≤ 10.1%). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (P > .05, Cohen d ≤ 0.009) in kinetic variables between sampling frequencies. Overall, high reliability was observed across all sampling frequencies for all kinetic variables, with no significant differences (P > .05) for each kinetic variable across sampling frequencies.Conclusions:Practitioners and scientists may consider sampling as low as 500 Hz when measuring peak force, time-specific force values, and RFD at predetermined time bands during the IMTP for accurate and reliable data.

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Grover, Zak, James McCormack, Jonathan Cooper und James P. Fisher. „Test-retest reliability of a single isometric mid-thigh pull protocol to assess peak force and strength-endurance“. PeerJ 12 (23.08.2024): e17951. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17951.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of strength-endurance protocols using isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Twenty-eight participants (23.2 ± 4.9 years) completed two protocols across four testing sessions. Protocol one consisted of 10 maximal IMTP tests lasting 5 seconds each with 10 seconds rest between. Protocol two consisted of a prolonged 60 second maximal IMTP. Data from protocol 1 was analysed in two ways; (a) use of the highest peak value from the first three IMTP efforts, and the lowest peak value from the final three IMTP efforts, and (b) use of the mean peak force from the first three IMTP efforts and mean peak force from the final three IMTP efforts. Data from protocol two used the highest and lowest peak values in the first- and final-15 seconds. Analyses revealed excellent reliability for peak force across all four testing sessions (ICC = 0.94), as well as good test-retest reliability for strength-endurance for protocol 1 (a; ICC = 0.81, b; ICC = 0.79). Test-retest reliability for protocol 2 was poor (ICC = 0.305). Bland-Altman bias values were smaller for protocol 1(a = −8.8 Nm, b = 21.7 Nm) compared to protocol 2 = (119.3 Nm). Our data suggest that 10 maximal IMTP tests performed as described herein is a reliable method for exercise professionals to assess both peak force and strength-endurance in a single, time-efficient protocol.

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Dos’Santos, Thomas, Paul A. Jones, Jonathan Kelly, John J. McMahon, Paul Comfort und Christopher Thomas. „Effect of Sampling Frequency on Isometric Midthigh-Pull Kinetics“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, Nr. 4 (01.04.2019): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-2015-0222.

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Purpose: Skeletal-muscle function can be evaluated using force-times curves generated via the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP). Various sampling frequencies (500–1000 Hz) have been used for IMTP assessments; however, no research has investigated the influence of sampling frequency on IMTP kinetics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sampling frequency on kinetic variables during the IMTP, including peak force, time-specific force values (100, 150, and 200 ms), and rate of force development (RFD) at 3 time bands (0–100, 0–150, 0–200 ms). Methods: Academy rugby league players (n = 30, age 17.5 ± 1.1 y, height 1.80 ± 0.06 m, mass 85.4 ± 10.3 kg) performed 3 IMTP trials on a force platform sampling at 2000 Hz, which was subsequently down-sampled to 1500, 1000, and 500 Hz for analysis. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) demonstrated high within-session reliability for all force and RFD variables across all sampling frequencies (ICC ≥ .80, CV ≤ 14.4%) except RFD 0–100 and 0–150, which demonstrated slightly greater levels of variance (CV = 18.0–24.1%). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (P > .05, Cohen d ≤ 0.0171) in kinetic variables between sampling frequencies. Overall, high reliability was observed across all sampling frequencies for peak force, time-specific force, and RFD 0- to 200-ms variables, with no significant differences (P > .05) for each kinetic variable across sampling frequencies. Conclusions: Practitioners and scientists may consider sampling as low as 500 Hz when measuring peak force, time-specific force values, and RFD at predetermined time bands during the IMTP for accurate and reliable data.

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Dos’Santos, Thomas, Christopher Thomas, Paul A. Jones und Paul Comfort. „Assessing Muscle-Strength Asymmetry via a Unilateral-Stance Isometric Midthigh Pull“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, Nr. 4 (April 2017): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0179.

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Purpose:To investigate the within-session reliability of bilateral- and unilateral-stance isometric midthigh-pull (IMTP) force–time characteristics including peak force (PF), relative PF, and impulse at time bands (0–100, 0–200, 0–250, and 0–300 milliseconds) and to compare isometric force–time characteristics between right and left and dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limbs.Methods:Professional male rugby league and multisport male college athletes (N = 54; age, 23.4 ± 4.2 y; height, 1.80 ± 0.05 m; mass, 88.9 ± 12.9 kg) performed 3 bilateral IMTP trials and 6 unilateral-stance IMTP trials (3 per leg) on a force plate sampling at 600 Hz.Results:Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (CVs) demonstrated high within-session reliability for bilateral and unilateral IMTP PF (ICC = .94, CV = 4.7–5.5%). Lower reliability measures and greater variability were observed for bilateral and unilateral IMTP impulse at time bands (ICC = .81–.88, CV = 7.7–11.8%). Paired-sample t tests and Cohen d effect sizes revealed no significant differences for all isometric force–time characteristics between right and left limbs in male college athletes (P >.05, d ≤ 0.32) and professional rugby league players (P > .05, d ≤ 0.11); however, significant differences were found between D and ND limbs in male college athletes (P < .001, d = 0.43–0.91) and professional rugby league players (P < .001, d = 0.27–0.46).Conclusion:This study demonstrated high within-session reliability for unilateral-stance IMTP PF, revealing significant differences in isometric force–time characteristics between D and ND limbs in male athletes.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "IMTP force"

Hughes, Steven. „The use of performance assessments and force-time curve analysis to measure mental and physical fatigue“. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2643.

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As management of fatigue and recovery is a key objective of modern sport, athlete monitoring is now commonplace. With assessments such as perceptual questionnaires, countermovement jumps (CMJ), squat jumps (SJ), isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP), and postural sway having been used with varied success, the use of emerging analysis techniques may improve sensitivity. For example, while vertical jump assessment traditionally employs analysis of discrete individual metrics calculated from a location on the force-time curve, complete force-time curve analysis may provide greater sensitivity by retaining information commonly discarded in discrete analysis. Furthermore, with mental fatigue reportedly impairing cognitive and physical performance, identifying an objective, practical assessment of mental fatigue would provide practitioners with a more comprehensive assessment of athlete fatigue. Study 1 investigated whether several performance assessments (perceptual questionnaire, cognitive assessment, postural sway, CMJ, SJ, IMTP) could model fatigue, improving assessment over stand-alone analysis at multiple time points. These findings supported the use of perceptual questionnaires, CMJ, SJ and maximal cycling sprints, with perceptual questionnaires and cycling sprints demonstrating impairment at 24 and 48 hr. However, when attempting to model 24 and 48 hr power outputs from metrics at earlier time points, only CMJ height explained power output. Study 2 sought to determine whether a complete time-series analysis of biomechanical data through Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) could better detect fatigue than traditional discrete methods. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed on relative force-time curves (SPM analysis) and peak relative force (discrete analysis) taken from the same data set with SPM analysis alone detecting fatigue. Study 3 assessed the ability of four cognitive performance assessments and a time-series analysis of CMJ force through functional principal components analysis (fPCA), to objectively measure mental fatigue after 60 min of a mentally fatiguing task. Despite post hoc testing not reaching significance, a significant interaction effect in reaction task linear mixed model analysis (LMM) and medium effect sizes, suggested that the reaction task alone was likely impaired by 60 min of cognitive tasks. Furthermore, time-series analysis explained 95.8% of the total variation in force-time curves, with LMM analysis reporting a significant difference after mental fatigue. Utilising performance assessment tasks, Study 4 explored mental and physical fatigue responses across four conditions consisting of varying distributions of physical and cognitive loads: futsal (physical+cognitive), workload-matched treadmill session (physical), timematched soccer video gameplay (cognitive) and a control. The findings indicate that perceptual questionnaires and SJ were impaired by physical workloads of match play and treadmill sessions, while CMJ was impaired by match play but not treadmill fatigue. No significant differences were observed in IMTP or reaction tasks in any condition. This research suggests that reaction tasks were ineffective at measuring mental fatigue after sporting competition and video gameplay. This thesis supports perceptual feedback and jump testing for subjective and objective assessment of both physical and mental fatigue. Furthermore, discrete and time-series jump analysis can be used to assess specific performance outcomes or execution of movements. Finally, the cognitive reaction task likely provides an objective measure of severe mental fatigue with the brevity of the aforementioned assessments promoting practicality in sports.

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Bücher zum Thema "IMTP force"

Publishing, RH Value. Lit Ant Imp Forco 2LP. Random House Value Publishing, 1989.

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Bakony, Itsvan. Imp�rialisme, Communisme et Juda�sme: Les Trois Forces Qui Dominent le Monde. Independently Published, 2014.

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Buchteile zum Thema "IMTP force"

„Essai de représentation de la phrase hypothétique de forme [si P (IMP), Q (COND)]“. In Temps, aspect et modalité en français, 215–34. Brill | Rodopi, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789042030275_013.

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Elkaïm, David. „La guerre d’Iraq de 2003 et les évolutions de la politique étrangère américaine“. In Annuaire français de relations internationales, 149–63. Éditions Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/epas.ferna.2023.01.0149.

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Alors qu’il devait mener une politique étrangère « humble », George W. Bush a lancé l’opération « Liberté pour l’Iraq » dans le cadre d’un projet marqué par une forme d’impérialisme démocratique, en rupture avec ses prédécesseurs depuis la fin de la Guerre froide. Les attentats du 11 Septembre ont en effet conduit à un « mariage décisionnel » entre le groupe des Vulcains, qui conseillaient le candidat pendant la campagne, et les néoconservateurs revenus en grâce. Barack Obama, Donald Trump et Joe Biden ont pris leurs distances avec la doctrine Bush mais pour des raisons différentes : les démocrates au nom d’un retour à une politique étrangère plus classique de défense de l’ordre mondial libéral, le républicain dans une vision jacksonienne marquée par le populisme et une forme d’isolationnisme. La guerre en Iraq aura finalement marqué à la fois le « moment américain » au Moyen-Orient et le début de la perte d’influence des États-Unis dans la région.

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„ahcutm io annslairfee , m pr oosptee rt f y fe , c a ti nvdep if roddo uctive capacity. These is a critical element of the hydrological system. fervoem nt . o T ne hena ty tu preaslohrafzoarrmdstoofam no it n ig eaitn io nadavcat nce of the Information on the status of snowpack conditions can m ther. Droug iv hitt -i reeslavtaerdyfporroevciadsets co onfsb id e e lo ra w b -le noardmvaalncse tr dealm ea f d lo t w im aend fo rrerseelr ia vbolierf th ro it m ig ati e in tshioosne act diou u s se io dnfsoraroet , h e for the most part, different levels. gation is the indaetnutrie fi coaf ti ohran za artd ural hazards because of •Monitoring and early warning refers to activities with previous droughts a n of t . heAifm ir psatcsttsepa ss in ocm iat i e ti d tdheacti si pornovm id aekeirnsfo at r m al a l ti l o ev neltsho at ftchaenobneseutsoefddtroouaglhetr . t w th ietshefium tu praectds ro (a ungdhtotehvee rs n ) daarnea li skseelsysm to enbteoafsw so hcei ther This information can be used by planners, emergency actions can be identifie n d ts. From this point, spec aitfeidcimmapnlaegmee rs n , tpporlo ic g y ra amnmdedsecainsd io pnom lic aikees rs th , aatnwd il o l th he elrpsttooo fu f t ur im epdarcotus gh atsseovceinattse . d Pa rttoIV re edm uc pehatsh is eesim th peacr ts of reduce the risk associated with the hazard. Moni geographical settings as wwie th ll adsrom ug et hhtodionl og viaerasinoguest to doa ri cat tia ng activities include the collection and analysis of quantify these impacts. Part V considers adjustment user o , ndo at fadaptraodpu ro cdtudcetvsetloopdm ec einsti , onanmdak th e e rs caonmdm ot uhneir a an nddaPdaarpt ta V ti Ioncosn tr caetn eg tr iaetsesemopnlopyreedpatroed re ndeu ss cem im et phaocd ts h in aza s r . dDsabtuat in a cludes not only physical data related to olo the definit lisoon so ocfiavlualn ne drabb io il lio ty g . icA al d co a m ta ptrheahtenassisv is ethgaavtg io ie n s , pr iong st ria tu m ti m on es alaanrdr an a g ct eim on esn , ts a /c nadpapco it liiecs ie , s miti drought monitoring system would include the collec imp e a ct bseo en f dr oorugchotu . ld be employed to reduce th th aetp ti roenc ip o it f a tio cl n i ) maastow lo el gliacsals tre daam ta f lo ( w e. , g r . e , se trevm oi prearnad tu grreouanndd t • oPrienpcarreeadsneestshe re fleervseltoofprreedaidsiansetsesraocr tivities designed w se a n ter levels, soil moisture, snowpack, and remo improve oper cast ssedodfataagfrriocm satellites. This information is useful in ftoerley aan ti on eamlearngdenicnys tit ( uet . igo ., naelacra ly p ab w il air ti neisng fo rsryess te p m on s, d in ogpetro itnod ri i n ce gsatnodte ra acru ly ltw ur aarlnianngdtehcyhdnrioqluoegsi , cianlcldurdoiungghtth . e M us oeno i f u at sieofnuallfpolrands) e . no Fto in rgdrpor ught, contingency plans are them in a histo kriccu al rrent d ogrammatic responsibilities; contex ro t, u is g h th teco su nbdjie ti cotnosfaPnadrttIoIIv . iew p im ol p ic rioevsinbgetiw nf eoernmaatn io dnw fl iotw hi nonlesveev ls e ri o ty, im and coordination between levels of gov fergnomv pac eenrtn ts m , ean nd . t; d •P ec re is diiocn ti / opnolriecfyermsatkoerascw tiv it it hieasdtvhaantcepd ro fvoirdeecauss ts eros and D f the m sh a ro l ught i oul pdarntoosfan th i e nsidi t be vi ecw li e m ou aste nat d as m of ural hazard tha erveilrytuaalp ly hyaslilcarletg is pihoaensn no . omIrt o a fo crcm ur s r , ebnu ce tporfodbraobu il g it hyt . These forecasts can take many enon. Rather, drought is the result of an interplay p n re ddi in ct tieonnss it . yoFrorseecvaes ri ttyo ) fiso ccurrenc accu ursaucay ll yiaes so (t c im iat e e , ddw ura s highly viatrh ti o th n e , w be attw er eesnua natural event and the demand placed on between natural iable be consi pdpelryedbyrh el uam tiv aen -u to se ssoym ste emlso . nDg-rtoeurgmhtasvheo ra u g ld eidm ro puogrh ta ts ntincom ns oishtapzaarrtdssoafntdhe is w pa orrtlidc . ulLae rl deration for drought fore aydltiimm it eed is f a or condition of balance between precipitation and so d casts as well n , eva M po atnry an dsepfiirnaittiioonn . s of drought exist; it is unrealistic a in ncdorepco is riaotnem th akers are given ample opportunity to to expect a universal definition to be derived. Th the imple imseinntfao ti romnato io fnmiin ti g p at liaonnn in pr gogsrta ra m te mge ie s s . sDpreocu ti g ve htc as anfboe ll ogw ro s: u pe mdetbeyortoylpoegiocfald , isc hiypd li rnoalroygipcearl , c lo agse ts reof is m al estoeoarno lo im gi pcoarl ta d n ro tudg is httinacn ti don th boe se tw oefenhyfdorroe - ian gric ical drought, especially in regions where snowpack so cco io rup ltur ec o o ra ntaels , d an omic if d f fe re snotc ioeco actors ipnhy it s n ic oaml, ic b . s defini io E lo agcihc al, d is a cipline tion. It mu nsdt /o be r“. In Droughts, 46. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830896-33.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "IMTP force"

Kim, Myoungjin, Thomas M. Kiehne und Ronald D. Matthews. „Friction Force Measurements Using the Instantaneous IMEP Method and Comparison With RINGPAK Simulations“. In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1300.

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Even though many researchers have measured the piston/ring assembly friction force over the last several decades, accurate measurement of the piston/ring assembly friction force is a still challenging problem. The floating liner method is not widely used, in spite of its accuracy, due to the substantial modifications required to the engine. On the other extreme, bench tests of the piston/ring assembly cannot completely simulate the real firing condition although bench tests are rapid, consistent, and cost effective. In this study, friction forces of the piston/ring assembly were measured using the instantaneous IMEP method and compared with modeling results using Ricardo’s RINGPAK software. In this research, a flexible flat cable was used to connect the connecting rod strain gage signal to the analysis system instead of using a grasshopper linkage. Therefore, the piston/ring assembly friction force was measured with the minimum change to the engine hardware.

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Morrow, Duane A., Tammy L. Haut Donahue, Gregory M. Odegard und Kenton R. Kaufman. „Validation of a Finite Element Model of Passive Force and Pressure in Skeletal Muscle“. In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206211.

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Intramuscular pressure (IMP) has been put forth as a surrogate measure for muscle force. As technological advancements have lead to the creation of smaller IMP microsensors, obtaining IMP readings in the clinic has come closer to becoming a minimally-invasive reality. However, appropriate use of data from these sensors relies upon an understanding of the mechanism of pressure changes within skeletal muscle. To that end, a constitutive model, representing muscle as a transversely isotropic, hyperelastic, and isovolumetric was created [1] for implementation in a finite element simulation. The purpose of this study was to validate this constitutive muscle model with passive elongation tests of skeletal muscle tissue from New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Reaction forces and hydrostatic pressures resulting from applied deformations were determined with the finite element modeling (FEM) approach and were compared with previously published experimental data [2].

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Leustek, M. E., C. Sethu, S. Bohac, Z. Filipi und D. Assanis. „Crank-Angle Resolved In-Cylinder Friction Measurements With the Instantaneous IMEP Method“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63677.

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The instantaneous IMEP method is used to measure crank-angle resolved in-cylinder friction force in a series production spark ignition engine as a function of design parameters and operating conditions. An improved telemetry system, which continues to provide data after 50+ hours of operation at speeds as high as 2000 rpm, is presented. Primary sources of error associated with the technique will be presented. These include intra-cycle engine speed fluctuations, the effect of thermal shock on pressure transducers, the effect of connecting rod force calibration and measurement error. The instantaneous IMEP method is used to measure crank-angle resolved in-cylinder engine friction as functions of engine speed and coolant (oil-film) temperature. Both crank-angle resolved and cycle-integrated results are compared.

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White, James G., und Isaac Cohen. „DISTRIBUTION OF INTRAMEMBRANOUS PARTICLES (IMP) ON PLATELETS IN CLOTS UNDER ISOMETRIC TENSION“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643537.

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Development of isometric tension in platelet-rich clots is a manifestation offibrin binding to the cells, as well as to platelet contractile activity. However, the nature of the platelet-fibrin association through which the force of contraction is transmitted remains unknown. A previous report suggested that clustering of the intramembranous particles (IMP) visible in replicas of freeze-fractured platelets in clots might represent sites of fibrin attachment and force transduction across the platelet membrane. In the present study platelet clots were prepared at various stages during development of isometric tension. Clots fixed in glutaraldehyde were combined with osmic acid and further processed for thin sections, or with glycerol, frozen in liquid nitrogen and freeze-fractured in a Balzer's device. Thin sections revealed the longitudinal orientation of platelets and fibrin strands in the long axis of tension. Close associations between fibrin strands and extended portions of platelets were readily identified. However, no clearly discernible repetitive associations could be identified. Replicas of freeze fractured platelet clots under isometric tension revealed aspects of fibrin strands substructure and the platelet secretory pathway. However, no specific associations between fibrin and IMP were apparent. The usual 2 to 1 ratio of IMP on the inside of the outer layer (E face) compared to the outside of the interior layer (P face) of resting platelets was preserved on thrombin activated platelets in isometric clots. No evidence of IMP clustering could be identified. Experiments to identify the origin of IMP clustering revealed it occurred only on severely damaged platelets. Thus, clustering of IMP in replicas of freeze fractured platelets does not appear related to fibrin binding to platelets or to transduction of contractile force from the interior of the platelet to fibrin strands and the development of tension in isometric clots.

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Holtzman, M., A. Arcelus, I. Veledar, R. Goubran, H. Sveistrup und P. Guitard. „Force Estimation with a Non-Uniform Pressure Sensor Array“. In 2008 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - I2MTC 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2008.4547372.

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Girot, Maxime, Mehdi Boukallel und Stephane Regnier. „An Hybrid Micro-Force Sensing Device for Mechanical Cell Characterization“. In IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2006.328551.

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Maxime Girot. „An Hybrid Micro-Force Sensing Device for Mechanical Cell Characterization“. In 2006 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2006.234870.

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Shen, Minfen, Boling Zheng und Jialiang Chen. „Image segmentation based on novel adaptive bidirectional balloon force model“. In 2010 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2010.5488067.

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Cen, Lejun, Hyonyoung Han und Jung Kim. „Optical muscle activation sensors for estimating upper limb force level“. In 2011 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2011.5944228.

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Gardner, Bruce E., und John M. Bartlett. „Automated Laser Welding of Turbine Airfoil Details“. In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-327.

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This presentation reviews the technical aspects of the Air Force-funded Turbine Airfoil Laser Welding Work Center at the Pratt & Whitney division of United Technologies Corporation. The center features automated tacking, welding, and visual inspection of covers, seals, and metering plates on turbine blades and vanes. In this integrated work center, productivity has increased by approximately 45 percent at a reduced cost compared to conventional methods. The types of automation/integration are described and the benefits are highlighted. The center was developed with U.S. Air Force funding under the Industrial Modernization Incentives Program (IMIP).

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