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1
Patrick, Romaine, und Phocenah Nyatanga. „South Africa’s Trade Performance under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes“. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, Nr. 6 (22.12.2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6.2616.
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This study examined the effect exchange rates have on import and export volumes under alternative exchange rate policies adopted in South Africa over the period 1960 to 2017. Using quarterly time series data for the stated period, a log-linear error correction model is employed to estimate the country’s export and import elasticities, taking into account Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the real price of exports, the real price of imports and real exchange rates. Using the freely floating exchange rate regime as the base period, the study concluded that both export and import volumes are lower under a system of fixed exchange rates. Export and import volumes were also found to be lower under the dual exchange rate regime, relative to the freely floating exchange rate regime. In accordance with export-led growth strategies, exports were found to be higher and imports lower under a managed floating exchange rate regime. It is therefore recommended that South Africa revert to a more managed exchange rate regime, until the South African economy is developed to accommodate a freely floating exchange rate regime.
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Patrick, Romaine, und Phocenah Nyatanga. „South Africa’s Trade Performance under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes“. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, Nr. 6(J) (22.12.2018): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6(j).2616.
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This study examined the effect exchange rates have on import and export volumes under alternative exchange rate policies adopted in South Africa over the period 1960 to 2017. Using quarterly time series data for the stated period, a log-linear error correction model is employed to estimate the country’s export and import elasticities, taking into account Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the real price of exports, the real price of imports and real exchange rates. Using the freely floating exchange rate regime as the base period, the study concluded that both export and import volumes are lower under a system of fixed exchange rates. Export and import volumes were also found to be lower under the dual exchange rate regime, relative to the freely floating exchange rate regime. In accordance with export-led growth strategies, exports were found to be higher and imports lower under a managed floating exchange rate regime. It is therefore recommended that South Africa revert to a more managed exchange rate regime, until the South African economy is developed to accommodate a freely floating exchange rate regime.
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Herander, Mark G., und Christopher R. Thomas. „Export Performance and Export-Import Linkage Requirements“. Quarterly Journal of Economics 101, Nr. 3 (August 1986): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1885698.
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Ali, Ali Abdulkadir, Ali Yassin Sheikh Ali und Mohamed Saney Dalmar. „The Impact of Imports and Exports Performance on the Economic Growth of Somalia“. International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, Nr. 1 (10.12.2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n1p110.
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In this paper the impact of exports and imports on the economic growth of Somalia over the period 1970-1991 was investigated. The study applied econometric methods such as Ordinary Least Squares technique. The Granger Causality and Johansen Co-integration tests were also used for analysing the long term association. By using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron (PP) stationarity test, the variables proved to be integrated of the order one 1(1) at first difference. Johansen test of co-integration was used to determine if there is a long run association in the variables. To determine the direction of causality among the variables, both in the long and short run, the Pair-wise Granger Causality test was carried out. It was found that economic growth does not Granger Cause Export but was found hat export Granger Cause GDP. So this implies that there is unidirectional causality between exports and economic growth. Also there is bidirectional Granger Causality between import and export. The results show that economic growth in Somalia requires export-led growth strategy as well as export led import. Imports and exports are thus seen as the source of economic growth in Somalia.
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Nugroho, Agus Dwi, Jamhari Jamhari und Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo. „DINAMIKA PERDAGANGAN BERAS VIETNAM“. Agro Ekonomi 24, Nr. 1 (25.01.2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17697.
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The aims of this study is to analyze the performance of export-import, competitiveness and the factors affecting export-import of Vietnam rice. Type of data used is secondary data of 1980-2009. To determine the fluctuation of export-import trade were applied trend and trade specialization ratio. To find out the analysis of competitiveness were run revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and acceleration ratio (AR). To investigate the factors affecting the export and import used error correction model (ECM). Vietnam export trend showed an increase and imports trend showed a decline and in the maturity stage. Vietnam has high competitiveness but the exports acceleration is low. Vietnam’s export affected by per capita rice availability and the exchange rate while imports of Vietnam affected by the production, world rice prices and real national income.
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Oh, Dae-Hyuck. „An Empirical Study on the Effects of the US-China Trade Disputes on Korean Business Performance“. Institute of Management and Economy Research 13, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32599/apjb.13.2.202206.183.
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Purpose - The study attempted to analyze how the U.S.-China trade dispute affects a highly trade-dependent South Korea. Currently, major domestic and international institutions have issued a number of conflicting predictions that the trade dispute between China and the United States will have a positive and negative impact on South Korea. Accordingly, the present study attempted to analyze using actual data. Design/methodology/approach - The analysis was conducted using actual import and export data from the United States and China and actual import and export data from the United States and China from South Korea. The analysis measured the number and amount of imports and exports by year and month, and the rate of increase and decrease. We also looked at trade dispute days, import and export outcomes and what the impact was. In addition, as a result of the US-China trade dispute, the amount of change in Korea's imports and exports was analyzed. Findings - Empirical analysis shows that South Korea's exports to the United States and China have increased. The analysis results are as follows. First, exports to the United States increased by 5.65% in 2018 and 6.45% in 2019 compared to 2017. Second, exports to China surged 12.34% in 2018 compared to 2017. This increase in South Korea's exports to the United States and its mass exports to the United States shows that South Korea has benefited from the trade dispute between the United States and China. Research implications or Originality - South Korea, which is highly trade-dependent, has been heavily affected by the U.S.-China trade dispute. Various predictions are made about this. The analysis showed that South Korea's export volume has increased. In the end, the effect of the trade transition to the 3rd country did not occur. Rather, the U.S.-China trade dispute appears to have helped South Korea.
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Erni Puspanantasari Putri. „Performance Evaluation Using the DEA-Stepwise Modeling Approach Method: Case Study of the Export-Import Sector in Indonesia“. Jurnal Serambi Engineering 9, Nr. 1 (14.12.2023): 7758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jse.v9i1.740.
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The export and import industry are now a significant determinant of a nation's economic progress in the age of globalization. A nation's ability to export helps it earn foreign cash that it can utilize to fund development and spur economic expansion. Conversely, import-related activities might assist in satisfying the need for products or services that cannot be effectively provided domestically. Entrepreneurs can increase the competitiveness of local products and the quality of their products through imports and exports, which will enhance both industrial progress and community welfare. To maximize the nation's economic progress, the government and business owners must continue to boost import-export activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate Indonesia's export-import sector's performance using the stepwise modeling approach and the DEA method. One technique to determine which export-import sector activities are effective and ineffective is performance evaluation. These two sectors can support the country's economy in this way and do so with a long-term approach. The research results indicate that efficient DMUs have the smallest presentation (20%) and inefficient DMUs have the largest percentage (80%). The efficient DMU category is C (1). Inefficient DMU categories, namely: SK (0.285), S (0.193), M-US (0.472), and T-J (0.11).
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Cuevas Ahumada, Víctor M., und Cuauhtémoc Calderón Villarreal. „Mexico and China in the US manufacturing market: An empirical analysis“. Contaduría y Administración 65, Nr. 4 (05.09.2019): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2020.2024.
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<p>This paper conducts a disaggregated comparative analysis of China’s and Mexico’s export dynamism in the US manufacturing market over the period 1994-2015 and, against this backdrop, it estimates a panel data econometric model showing the impact of key variables on Mexico’s export performance across manufacturing subsectors of different technology categories. Export performance is measured in terms of import market shares in the US and numerous econometric issues are addressed to produce a plausible model. In addition to capturing some heterogeneity among different manufacturing subsectors, this study shows that: (i) a depreciation of the real exchange rate calculated for each subsector worsens (rather than improves) Mexico’s export performance, which is likely due not only to the high import content of Mexican manufacturing exports, but also to the increasing weight of the private sector’s external liabilities; (ii) a fall in domestic unit labor costs has a positive impact on Mexico’s export performance, which highlights the importance of raising labor productivity faster than wages; and (iii) a reduction in US unit labor costs deteriorates Mexico’s export performance. In this context, the empirical evidence leads to clear-cut policy recommendations to raise export performance and thus economic growth.</p>
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Hastuti Siregar, Wibowo, Anda Nugroho und Dea Amanda. „Performance Analysis and Trade Strategy Indonesia-MERCOSURE“. JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 8, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.8.2.2019.101-119.
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Indonesia has established various cooperative relationships with Latin American countries. Various efforts to explore Indonesia's cooperation with other countries have been continuously done, especially with MERCOSUR founding countries (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay) as a potential market for Indonesian export products. The objectives of this study are (1) identifying the trade performance between Indonesia and MERCOSUR countries; (2) analyzing factors affecting Indonesia’s export to MERCOSUR countries; and (3) formulating strategies for trade cooperation between Indonesia and MERCOSUR countries. The analytical methods used are Qualitative Descriptive Analysis, Gravity Model, and SWOT Analysis. The results show that the value of Indonesia's exports and imports to MERCOSUR countries is still small compared to other competing countries. Import tariffs imposed by MERCOSUR countries on Indonesia's main export products are still relatively high, on the contrary, import tariffs imposed by Indonesia on MERCOSUR's main products are relatively low. Indonesia's exports to MERCOSUR countries are positively and significantly affected by the GDP of MERCOSUR countries. The recommendations for Indonesia-MERCOSUR trade cooperation strategies are: (1) optimizing Indonesia's ability to meet the MERCOSUR market, especially for palm oil, rubber, auto parts, artificial fibers, footwear, coconuts, and tobacco; (2) increasing cooperation intensity in Free Trade Area (FTA) form; (3) improving tariff structure and non-tariff barriers; and (4) strengthening the economic diplomacy.
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Zhou, Jiehong, Yu Wang und Rui Mao. „Dynamic and spillover effects of USA import refusals on China’s agricultural trade: Evidence from monthly data“. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 9 (25.09.2019): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2019-agricecon.
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Border inspections by developed nations are an essential export barrier to developing countries. Import refusals, in particular, not only exhibit dynamic impacts on exporters’ performance in the refused destination but may also spill over into exports toward third markets. Using a panel structural vector autoregression model, the complete dynamics of China’s agricultural export in response to United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) import refusals is estimated at the monthly level. Despite notable heterogeneities across sectors, negative and positive reactions that last mostly less than a year are revealed respectively for the quantity and price of China’s exports to USA on average. The impact of idiosyncratic component dominates that of common component in the refusal shock, highlighting the sensitivity of exports to sector-specific border inspections. Relative to other refusal charges, larger export contractions tend to follow adulteration charges. The trade effect of FDA refusals spills over into other main export destinations of China. While non-adulteration charges result in trade deflections on average, a contagious export reduction is observed in most non-US markets. These results provide insights for exporters to make strategies with a focus on specific sectors, charges, third markets and especially on the short run to cope with import refusals.
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Ardiansyah. „Utilization of Customs Regulations Related to Import Export Insurance in Supporting the Export Process“. Jurnal Abdimas Peradaban 3, Nr. 1 (18.01.2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ap.v3i1.5.
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The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic requires a precise strategy to encourage export activities. This community service activity aims to provide education for practitioners and academics in the insurance sector in understanding more deeply the use of customs regulations related to import export insurance in order to strengthen the important role of trade insurance and marine cargo in supporting the export process. There are various customs regulations that can be used by businesses related to insurance, namely: First, the use of domestic insurance will reduce the payment of import duties and taxes for imports because they are not included in the import value. Second, the use of guarantees from insurance companies (customs bonds) as a solution for paying state levies for companies that are unable to pay off these levies immediately and in utilizing customs facilities aimed at boosting national export performance. Among the customs facilities that can be utilized are bonded zone and Import Facility for Export Purpose (KITE). Both facilities are intended to provide fiscal and procedural facilities to producer exporters. The use of customs facilities requires guarantees for import duties and import taxes. One type of guarantee is a guarantee from an insurance company (customs bond). Based on this activity, participants can take advantage of customs regulations related to import-export insurance which ultimately aims to encourage export activities, especially during this pandemic.
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Singhal, L. B. „Evolution and Performance of Indian EPZs/SEZs“. Foreign Trade Review 40, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2005): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050301.
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A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is defined as a specially delineated duty free enclave for trade operations. This area is reckoned as a foreign territory for the purpose of duties and tariffs. Movement of goods/services between SEZ and Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) is treated as exports and imports. SEZ units can be set up for export of goods and services including trading. Establishment of EPZs/SEZs is essentially a post World War-II syndrome when import substitution was gradually discarded to adopt export led growth – opened up/free trade policy. Rationale for setting up EPZs/SEZs emanates from natural endowments and other resources of different countries. The developing countries have plenty of cheep labour but they lack in export related infrastructure, technology and even access to their products in overseas markets. The first example of EPZ – Shannon Export Processing Zone – designed to liberalize trade/FDI debuted in Ireland during 1956. First FTZ in India was set up at Kandla in 1965. Then came the establishment of EPZs at SEEPZ (1974), Cochin, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Falta, Noida and Surat. As a part of its Export & Import Policy, the Government of India had announced setting up of SEZs in April 2000. The Government of India has enacted SEZ Act, 2005 in June 2005. At present, 14 SEZs are operating and approvals have been given for establishment of 64 more such enclaves. The paper attempts to throw light on the major issues involving evolution and performance of Indian EPZs/SEZs.
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Malona Nussy, Violeta Jayusa, Sahara, Zulva Azijah und Syarifah Amalia. „Covid-19 and Indonesian Agroindustry Sector Export Performance: Input-Output Analysis Approach“. JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 11, Nr. 1 (30.07.2022): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.11.1.2022.56-74.
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The agro-industrial sector is a sector that plays a role in creating added value for agriculture and generating foreign exchange through its exports. In 2020, the export performance of agroindustry experienced a decline due to Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the import multiplier and export performance of Indonesian agro-industry during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses secondary data in the form of Indonesian Input-Output Tables in 2016 and changes in exports of each agro-industry sub-sector in 2020. The results of the analysis show that the export performance of the agro-industry sector on output, income, and labor has the biggest negative impact on the textile and apparel industry. While the biggest positive impact was obtained by rice, palm oil, livestock, and the food industry during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Bag, Satya Narayan. „EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN GREEN PRODUCTS“. BSSS Journal of Management 14, Nr. 1 (30.06.2023): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jm1413.
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Green Products are coming from Natural origin. The use of such products are now increasing due to eco-friendly nature of such products .Jute is one such green product in India and it has economic value. The Raw Jute and Mesta are the two important crop productions in India. Due to Pandemic situation, the productions of such fibers were in decreasing trend in the year of 2019-20 and 2020-21. In the year of 2020-21, 95.6 lakhs tonnes of Raw Jute were produced in our country. Jute products exports value has been rising trend from 2015-16 to 2021-22. Due to bio degradable nature of the Jute fibre, the demands of Jute products are now in increasing trend. The Jute is used not only as packaging materials of food grain, it is now used in other areas , such as geo textiles, carpet, wall coverings, Garment, shoes and blanket . Some countries import yarn and fabrics from India and manufacture the finished products for further processing of various Jute goods. USA was the leading importer of Indian Jute goods from the year 2019-20 to 2021-22 . Exports value of Jute goods has been increased from 2019-20 to 2021-22 by 66.9 % for USA. France was the 2nd largest importer of Jute goods from India. The export value to France has been increased from 2846.74 Cr.in the year 2019-20 to 3659.90 Cr. of the year 2021-22 .Ghana, UK and Netherlands were the destination of Indian Jute products with rising trend of export value. Ghana was the 3rd largest importing of Jute goods in the year 2020-21 and 2021-22
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Heitger, Bernhard. „Import protection and export performance — Their impact on economic growth“. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 123, Nr. 2 (Juni 1987): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706662.
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Ashrafi, Sayed Ahmad Rashid, und Vishwanatha Kalaiah. „TREND, DIRECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF AFGHANISTAN’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE“. Australian Finance & Banking Review 5, Nr. 1 (10.04.2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1069.
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Afghanistan is at a strategic location which acts as an important corridor in Asia and connects powerful industrial economies such as India and China to Northern Asia and to Europe via dry and seaways and vice versa through the Lapis Lazuli Corridor, Chabahar port and other corridors. The study asses to perceive the performance and trend of Afghanistan’s export and import. Moreover, the study points out to the destinations of Afghanistan's exports by regions and origin of Afghanistan’s imports by regions. The paper descriptively concentrates on direction, trend, and performance of the Afghanistan trade. The data is retrieved from numerous secondary sources encompass National Statistic and Information Authority and Ministry of Trade and Industry of Afghanistan. The period selected is from 2002 to 2018. Moreover, the research is based on quantitative data and descriptive statistics have been used to analyze the trend and direction of the Afghanistan trade. The study shows that there is an ascending direction of Afghanistan's export to Emerging and Developing Asian Economies majorly includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, while it indicates a descending export direction to Advanced Economies, Commonwealth Independent States, Middle East, and European Nations. Furthermore, Afghanistan's import shared with the regions is in an unstable form.
JEL Classification Codes: F1, F10, F19.
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Choi, Doo-Won, und Neung-Ho Han. „A Study on the Change of Trade Competitiveness in the Automobile Industry after Japan’s Export Regulation“. Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, Nr. 3 (30.06.2022): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.3.202206.267.
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Purpose This study analyzed how Japan’s export regulations affected the imports and exports of the automobile industry, and examined whether there was a change in the trade competitiveness of the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach In order to examine the degree of improvement in the automobile industry’s imports, exports, and trade competitiveness with Japan in Korea, the world and Japanese import and export statistical data of the automobile industry were aggregated for five periods. In addition, the change trend in the dependence on imports and exports of automobiles and parts to Japan was examined. In addition, the change in competitiveness of the Korean automobile and parts industry to Japan was examined using the trade specialization index. Findings As a result of the analysis, it was found that the trade deficit of automobiles and parts with Japan in 2021 fell compared to 2017 and 2019. In the case of import and export dependence, there was little change in export dependence, but it was confirmed that there was a significant decrease in import dependence. Korea’s dependence on exports of automobiles and parts to Japan has decreased slightly, but its dependence on imports has decreased by 10 times, which can be interpreted as Japan receiving more trade losses in the automobile industry due to the Korea-Japan trade dispute. Research Implications In the passenger car sector, it can be evaluated that there has been a result of the boycott of Japanese products, and efforts to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic cars and diversify import lines should continue to continue this in the future. In addition, in order to continue this performance in automobile parts, efforts should be made to improve product competitiveness and import dependence in more diverse item groups in the parts.
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Prayoga, Egi Regi, M. Ryansyah und Nurul Jannah. „Dampak Covid-19 terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi pada Sektor Ekspor dan Impor Indonesia“. El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 3, Nr. 3 (04.02.2022): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v3i3.924.
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At the beginning of 2020, the world was rocked by a health crisis due to the increasingly widespread spread of Covid-19. The Covid-19 pandemic does not only have an impact on health but also has an impact on the economy, especially in the Export and Import sector. The purpose of this study was to find out how the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Indonesia's economic growth in the export and import sectors was. The research method used is the desk study method. This research data uses secondary data sourced from books, journals, articles and the internet, namely BPS data for 2020. The results show that despite the Covid-19 pandemic, the increase in exports and imports shows that economic activity in Indonesia continues to recover. The performance of Indonesia's Trade Balance is still quite impressive. The trade balance surplus has been experienced for 14 consecutive months since May 2020, including in June 2021 a surplus of US$1.32 billion. Historically, the surplus in 2020 even reached a record high in the past decade with a value of US$21.62 billio
Keywords : Covid-19; Economy; export and import
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Tadesse, Mahlet Demere, Helen Zewdie Kine, Girma Gebresenbet, Lóránt Tavasszy und David Ljungberg. „Key Logistics Performance Indicators in Low-Income Countries: The Case of the Import–Export Chain in Ethiopia“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 19 (26.09.2022): 12204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912204.
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Performance evaluation in logistics is crucial in identifying improvement opportunities. This study assessed performance indicators (PIs) for import–export logistics chains, including transport, dry ports, transhipment and warehouses, focusing on Ethiopia. PIs were identified by means of a literature review. An expert survey based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to obtain weightings for the indicators to allow an evaluation of the overall performance of the country’s import–export chains. Key challenges faced in the sector were also identified. Indicators such as turnaround time and damage frequency were given high weightings by experts for dry port PIs, security was given the highest weighting for transport PIs, and order lead time was given the highest weighting for warehouse PIs. Technological advancements, human resource capacity building and government policies were found to be the main areas that could improve the performance of logistics operations and address the challenges faced by the sector. These findings could provide a new and comprehensive picture of the key performance indicators of Ethiopian import–export logistics chains.
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Serrano, Guadalupe, Francisco Requena und Raúl Mínguez. „Import experience and the post-entry performance of first-time exporters“. National Accounting Review 5, Nr. 3 (2023): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/2023018.
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<abstract> <p>Using the universe of Spanish first-time exporters selling manufactured products over the period 1997–2018, we show that import experience is associated with higher survival rates in the export markets, and conditioning on survival, a higher growth rate of their exports. In both cases, the highest impact is obtained when previous import experience occurs within one year before firms start exporting. Import experience improves general knowledge about foreign markets but it is not market-specific. Post-entry success in terms of survival and persistent growth rises if new exporters are large importers and if they buy intermediate inputs from competitive foreign suppliers.</p> </abstract>
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Serrano, Guadalupe, Francisco Requena und Raúl Mínguez. „Import experience and the post-entry performance of first-time exporters“. National Accounting Review 5, Nr. 3 (2023): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nar.2023018.
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<abstract> <p>Using the universe of Spanish first-time exporters selling manufactured products over the period 1997–2018, we show that import experience is associated with higher survival rates in the export markets, and conditioning on survival, a higher growth rate of their exports. In both cases, the highest impact is obtained when previous import experience occurs within one year before firms start exporting. Import experience improves general knowledge about foreign markets but it is not market-specific. Post-entry success in terms of survival and persistent growth rises if new exporters are large importers and if they buy intermediate inputs from competitive foreign suppliers.</p> </abstract>
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Mushair, Hasibullah, D. Murugananthi, A. Rohini und R. Vasanthi. „Export performance and direction of trade of dried apricot from Afghanistan“. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 11, Nr. 2 (15.09.2020): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/11.2/132-136.
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Apricot is one of the most delicious refreshing and nourishing fruits. Afghanistan produces 1.09 lakh tonnes of apricot during 2018 (Afghanistan statistical year book). It is one of the important commodities in export basket of Afghanistan. The major export markets for Afghan dried apricot are India and USA. The present study aims to quantify the export performance and changing structure of dried apricot exports from Afghanistan. Secondary data on area, production and country wise quantity of exports of dried apricot was collected from FAO statistics, ITC and APEDA for a period of 13 years from 2006 to 2018. Compound Annual Growth Rate was computed for studying the trend in area, production, yield, export quantity and export value for dried apricot. Markov chain analysis was attempted to assess the direction of change in exports. Markov chain analysis results showed that, India is the stable market for Afghanistan’s dried apricot and USA is less stable markets India is the main country to import dried apricot in the next five years. It shows high value in terms of quantity and percentage which is more than 50 per cent of all Afghanistan’s dried apricot export.
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Smutka, Luboš, und Josef Abrhám. „The impact of the Russian import ban on EU agrarian exports“. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 68, No. 2 (18.02.2022): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/351/2021-agricecon.
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The main goal of the paper is to evaluate the impact of the Russian import ban on the development of agricultural exports from EU member states. The study is based on a time-series analysis of empirical statistical indicators. The analysed period is between 2009 and 2019. The source of data for individual analyses is UN Comtrade (2021). The evaluation of export performance is extended by hierarchical cluster analysis. The study quantifies the effects of the import ban on the EU and individual member states through two scenarios. Scenario 1 is based on the cumulative loss of the value of exports. Scenario 2 assumes a continuous development of the value of agricultural exports. Based on the results, it is possible to confirm that the application of the Russian food import ban had a significant impact on EU countries. The impact of sanctions varies across EU countries. Four specific clusters could be identified in the period under investigation. In the period after the ban, the distribution of individual countries among individual clusters changed significantly. The applied ban could be understood not only as an attempt at counter-sanctions. Import restrictions also aim to reduce Russia's dependence on food imports and promote national food security.
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Ningsih, Rahayu, und Choirin Nisaa'. „Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Arab Saudi Menaikan Tarif Bea Masuk dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ekspor Indonesia“. Cendekia Niaga 5, Nr. 1 (23.06.2021): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v5i1.561.
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Saudi Arabia is Indonesian trading partner with a total trade value in 2019 reached USD 5.07 billion. Indonesia's trade with Saudi Arabia contributed to a deficit in Indonesia's trade balance, from USD 1.36 billion in 2015 to USD 3.68 billion in 2018. Amid efforts to increase exports to Saudi Arabia, on May 27, 2020, Custom Saudi, has issued a policy of changing the rate of import duty on 37 tarif lines (HS 2 digit) with an increase to be in the range of 7% to 20% from the initial rate, which is in the range of 5% to 12%. This matter, of course, has potential effect on Indonesia's export penetration. This analysis aims to identify Indonesian export products that are affected by the increase in import duty rates in Saudi Arabia and analyze the impact of the increase in the import duty of Saudi Arabia and its implications for Indonesia's export performance. With the descriptive analysis method using secondary data of trade data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics and UN Comtrade, this study concluded that the increase in Saudi Arabia's import duties on Indonesia's main export products had an impact on several of Indonesia's main export products, namely paper products, iron and steel products, iron and steel, Man-made staple fibres, and Machinery. Meanwhile, other export products such as automotive, plastic product, Electrical machinery, palm oil, processed meat and fish products, and some textile products have no substantial impact. Therefore, to anticipate the impact on the penetration of Indonesian export products, the government needs to disseminate information to business actors, especially exporters whose products are subject to an increase in import duty in Saudi Arabia so that anticipatory steps can be taken as well as efforts to find alternative export destination markets in other countries.
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Olakunle, S. J. „Digital Technology and Trade Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa“. Journal of Applied Economic Research 22, Nr. 3 (2023): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2023.22.3.020.
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This study examines the relationship between digital technology and trade performance with a focus on export trade in sub-Saharan African countries. The main objectives are to examine the impact digital technology measured by ICT goods import, internet use and mobile telephone subscriptions have on export trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), to evaluate the link between the degree of the region’s development and export trade and the form of digital technology most suitable in facilitating trade in the region. The study hypotheses are that: (1) ICT goods import, internet use and mobile telephone subscriptions do not influence significantly export trade in SSA; (2) the region’s development does not link appreciably to export trade in SSA; (3) no form of digital technology can facilitate trade in the region. The panel regression estimation technique is adopted considering the panel least squares, fixed effect and random effect estimation techniques. Results show that information and communication technology imports exert greater positive and significant impact on export trade flows compared to internet usage demonstrating theoretical and practical relevance of technology in trade flows. The degree of development is low and does not show an appreciable impact on trade flows in the region indicating that trade integration can thrive better in a well-structured economy. Redundant fixed effect test confirms that the panel least squares estimation is better compared to the fixed effect estimation. Hausman test demonstrates that random effect estimation is also better than fixed effect estimation. In attaining the reality of the contribution of digitalization process in SSA, policy makers need to pursue major goals that would address problems hampering its success.
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Septanoris, Pratama, Yudi Sutrasna und Novky Asmoro. „The Role of the East Java Provincial Government on Export Import in Industry in East Java During the Covid-19 Pandemic“. JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health 2, Nr. 1 (19.03.2023): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v2i1.328.
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Exports and imports have a very large role in various industries. At this time, the performance of exports and imports in Indonesia is getting better and continues to increase even during a pandemic. East Java is the second largest economic contributor in Java with a contribution of 25.01 percent after Jakarta. This study aims to examine how export and import in the industry in East Java can support national defense. The type of research that will be used by the author in this study is qualitative research presented descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the Provincial Government of East Java has made efforts to maintain export and import in East Java. The East Java government must continue to pay attention to future obstacles so that the industry in East Java is still able to compete in the global market.
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Renaldi, Eddy, Sutyastie Soemitro Remi, Budiono Budiono und Wawan Hermawan. „The role of logistics performance and decreasing of trade competitiveness in ASEAN+3’s manufacturing products“. Uncertain Supply Chain Management 10, Nr. 4 (2022): 1437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2022.6.012.
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ASEAN Countries members plus Japan, South Korea, and China (ASEAN+3’S) logistics performance play a significant role in maintaining and improving their export and import values, depending on the various commodities trade. Meanwhile, during uncertain situations today, the stakeholders need to enhance the capability of import and export activities to improve logistics performance. The study focused on the competitiveness of the manufacturing products traded by these countries. The study used panel data analysis based on the panel data of 11 years (2008-2018) from the 10 ASEAN+3 countries. Export value and Net Comparative Advantage (NCA) index (including net export and trade openness) were used as dependent variables in the two model studies, and logistics performance was the primary variable. The result shows that logistics performance positively affects the export and trade competitiveness models of ASEAN+3’s manufacturing products. The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) provides estimates that suggest that logistics performance has a significant impact on ASEAN + 3 export value (ExpM) and manufacturing trade competitiveness (NCAM). Meanwhile, there are different results of the effects of macroeconomic variables between the model of export value (ExpM) and the NCAM in the manufacturing in ASEAN+3’s. The ExpM model follows the theory that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increase the competitive value in ASEAN+3 countries. Meanwhile, in the NCAM model, GDP and FDI reduce trade competitiveness because of the high value of ASEAN+3 manufacturing imports.
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Damijan, Jože P., Jozef Konings und Sašo Polanec. „Import Churning and Export Performance of Multi-product Firms“. World Economy 37, Nr. 11 (02.05.2014): 1483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12196.
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Ha, Nguyen Thi Vu, Bui Thi Phuong Anh, Nguyen Huong Giang, Le Phuong Linh, Pham Mai Nhi und Nguyen Thi Anh Tho. „Unleashing Vietnam’s Rice and Coffee Exports: Decoding The Power of Non-Tariff Measures in the CPTPP Market“. VNU University of Economics and Business 3, Nr. 6 (25.12.2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.57110/vnujeb.v3i6.241.
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Rice and coffee are vital commodities in Vietnam’s economy. Amidst the evolving dynamics of global trade, the substitution of traditional tariff barriers with non-tariff measures (NTMs) is progressively increasing, and the CPTPP market is not exempt from this trend. Using the gravity model, this study explores the factors influencing Vietnam's rice and coffee exports to the CPTPP market. The study finds that economic factors, such as GDP, have a significant impact on export values. Import tariffs hinder exports, while lower tariffs enhance competitiveness. Geographical distance affects transportation costs and export values. The impact of NTMs on exports is mixed. Vietnam's CPTPP membership offers integration opportunities, albeit gradually. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected exports, highlighting vulnerability. Policy recommendations include addressing adverse NTMs, promoting favorable measures, aligning legislation with the CPTPP, enhancing quality, and researching export markets and regulations. These recommendations aim to improve export performance, mitigate shocks, and leverage trade agreement benefits for the rice and coffee sectors.
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Suharjon, NFN, Sri Marwanti und Heru Irianto. „Pengaruh Ekspor, Impor, dan Investasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Sektor Pertanian Indonesia“. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 35, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jae.v35n1.2017.49-65.
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<p><strong>English</strong><br />Promoting agricultural sector is important for improving Indonesia economic performance. The objectives of the research are to determine the effects of levels and shocks of agricultural export, import, and investment on the growth (GDP) of the Indonesian agriculture sector. The research was conducted using quarterly time series data from 2000–2015. Vector Auto Regression analysis method was applied in this study. The causality analysis shows that the agricultural export, import, and investment levels do not significantly affect the agricultural GDP growth, but the agricultural GDP growth does significantly affect the level of agricultural export, import, and investment. The impulse response analysis shows that the investment response to GDP growth shocks is higher than that of export and import responses. The variance of decomposition analysis shows that the contribution of exports to agricultural GDP growth are larger than the contribution of imports and investments. This study concludes that the absolute value of the agricultural sector export, import, and investment do not affect the sector GDP growth rate, but the agricultural sector GDP growth rate affect the absolute value of the sector export, import, and investment in Indonesia.</p><p><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Mendorong pertumbuhan sektor pertanian Indonesia adalah penting untuk peningkatan kinerja perekonomian Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh besaran dan goncangan (shock) ekspor, impor, dan investasi sektor pertanian terhadap pertumbuhan (GDP) sektor pertanian Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data time series triwulanan dari tahun 2000–2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis Vector Auto Regression (VAR). Hasil analisis kausalitas menunjukkan bahwa ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian, namun pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian berpengaruh nyata terhadap ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian. Hasil analisis impulse response menunjukkan bahwa respons investasi terhadap goncangan pertumbuhan PDB lebih besar dibandingkan respons besaran ekspor dan impor, Analisis variance decomposition menunjukkan kontribusi ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan PDB lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kontribusi impor dan investasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa besaran absolut ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian, namun pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian berpengaruh nyata terhadap besaran ekspor, impor, dan investasi pertanian di Indonesia.</p>
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Choudhri, Harendra Pratap Singh, Deepak Kumar Verma, Yogesh Kumar, R. S. Sharma und Sanjay Kumar. „Export-Import Performance of Patchouli Oil in India: Growth and Instability Analysis“. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, Nr. 9 (05.07.2023): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92046.
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A Patchouli is a perennial, erect, branched aromatic herb with fragrant leaves grown in tropical and subtropical regions with warm and humid climate condition. It is cultivated mainly for its essential oil which extracted by steam distillation from the tender parts of the dried leaves and stems using a small amount of oil. Patchouli oil is deep orange to amber in colour and has an exotic, heavy, earthy aroma. The aroma of patchouli oil is usually described as a blend of earthy, woody, sweet, and musky notes.
The objectives of study is an attempt to examine the annual and compound growth rates in the export and import of patchouli oil. The time series data of patchouli oil (export-import) collected through Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India for a period of 2001-22 and was analyzed by using growth model i.e., annual, compound growth rate instability and variation.
The results revealed that compound growth rates (CGRs) of export and import both are statistically significant at 1% probability level. The CGRs of quantity export and value export has 14.26% and 15.47% respectively and in case of import CGRs of quantity import is 22.15% per annum and CGRs of imported value is high i.e.,38.28% per annum. It is found that the import of patchouli oil is much higher than the quantity exported. The significant import of Patchouli oil was observed from countries Indonesia, Singapore, Spain and Switzerland. Since, increase the demand of patchouli oil on both domestic and international markets, there is a significant opportunity to enhance production by expanding the patchouli crop area. It is also necessary to increase cultivation to reduce its import from other countries.
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Rijal, Muhammad Saifur, Sudarmiatin und Rosmiza Bidin. „Analysis of the Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Internasional Business Networking and Competitive Advantage, and Its Impact on the Marketing Performance of SMEs (A Study on SMEs in Kampung Embong Arab, Malang City)“. Asian Journal of Management Analytics 3, Nr. 2 (07.05.2024): 621–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ajma.v3i2.8950.
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This study aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business networking and Competitive Advantage and its impact on the export-import performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Arab Embong Village, Malang City. A survey method was employed to collect data from MSMEs operating in the village. Hypothesis testing was conducted using multiple regression analysis. The results show that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant influence on the formation of business networks. Furthermore, it was found that business networking has a positive and significant impact on the export-import performance of MSMEs. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of developing entrepreneurial orientation and fostering business networking for MSMEs to enhance their export-import performance. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and relevant institutions provide support and guidance to MSMEs in developing entrepreneurial skills and expanding their business networks.
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Fayaz, Mohd, und Sandeep Kaur. „India’s Merchandise Exports to Asia: A Constant Market Share Analysis“. Foreign Trade Review 57, Nr. 2 (08.02.2022): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00157325211072923.
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The present study attempts to examine the structural changes in Indian merchandise exports to Asia during the period 1980–2016 by using Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis. The index values of the CMS analysis suggest that India has mostly maintained and strengthened its export market share primarily in resource-based and low tech/labour-intensive products. Major technology-intensive exports include organic chemicals and dyes and colouring materials to all its export destinations in Asia. The market effect result shows a positive impact on India’s export performance which suggests that India has diversified its exports to South Asia, Southeast Asia and West and Central Asia. However, market adaptation effect result shows negative impact in East Asian market which means that India is lacking in adapting the import structure of this market. JEL Codes: F1, F14, F43, L6, O53
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Abidin, Mahani Zainal, und Wai Heng Loke. „Revealed Comparative Advantage of Malaysian Exports: The Case for Changing Export Composition“. Asian Economic Papers 7, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2008): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2008.7.3.130.
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Since 2000, Malaysian-manufactured exports performance has been declining. The downturn of the global electronic industry and the rise of China's economy are the two major causes of this decline. To improve export performance, Malaysia participates in multilateral, regional, and bilateral trade liberalization. The competitiveness of Malaysian manufactured exports can be improved by examining the pattern of revealed comparative advantage (RCA). Within the non-resource-based manufactured exports, Malaysia still has comparative advantage for electrical and electronic goods and machinery (its largest export item), even though it has been on a decline. Malaysia's export strength has also gradually shifted from non-resource-based to resource-based manufactured exports. The RCA estimates also suggest that trade liberalization must not only lower or eliminate tariffs on final products, but also reduce import duties if exports were to increase their competitiveness.
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Fachrudin, Mohammad, und Indah Puspitasari. „THE EFFECT OF IMPORT FACILITIES FOR EXPORT PURPOSES, EXCHANGE RATES, AND INFLATION ON EXPORTS OF TEXTILES AND TEXTILE PRODUCTS“. Customs Research and Applications Journal 2, Nr. 2 (23.12.2020): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/craj.v2i2.60.
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The Import Facility for Export Purpose (KITE) is the Government's effort to encourage export performance. Companies that receive the KITE facility obtain fiscal incentives and export their product to import raw materials. The textile and textile product (TPT) industry is a strategic industry and has been determined by the Government as a pilot industry in the Roadmap for Making Indonesia 4.0. The textile industry relies on imported raw materials, so that the KITE facility is needed to encourage growth and increase product competitiveness in the international market. This study aims to determine the effect of the KITE facility, the rupiah exchange rate against the U.S. dollar, and the inflation rate on Indonesia's textile exports. We used a sample of 37 industrial textile companies in Indonesia that received the KITE facility 2016 to 2018. This study uses a panel data regression model with independent variables: KITE facility, exchange rates, inflation, and exported dependent variable. The results showed that the KITE facility had a positive and significant effect on the textile industry exports. In contrast, the exchange rate and inflation had a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's textile industry exports. This study's implications for the Government can be used to formulate a national strategy to increase export.
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Ghimire, Binod, Shiva Chandra Dhakal, Santosh Marahatta und Ram Chandra Bastakoti. „Growth, Export Performance and Trade Competitiveness of Lentil (Lens culinaris) From Nepal“. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 11, Nr. 1-2 (29.04.2024): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v11i1-2.65119.
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The lentil (Lens culinaris) sector in Nepal has realized as an export potential commodity but lacks adequate trade related research and development. To study the growth, export performance and trade competitiveness of Nepalese lentil, secondary data pertaining for the period of 30 years (1990–2019 A.D.) were analyzed classifying as pre and post WTO period for Nepal. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR), Cuddy-Delle Velle instability index, export performance ratio, reveled comparative advantage (RCA), trade specialization and Herfindahl-Hirschman index were analyzed. The trend analysis showed highly fluctuation with the growth rate of 40.31 and 42.24 percent per annum has been noticed in import value and quantity respectively. Whereas; the export quantity is found negative growth of 0.43 percent and export value with the growth of 1.44 percent. High instability was found in all parameters of export and import and highest variation was noticed for pre-WTO period in comparison to post-WTO. Nepal enjoys relatively strong competitiveness in export of lentil with RCA value greater than 1. Trade specialization index fluctuated over the years, it remains in the stage of import substitution declining from growth stage and have witnessed positive direction to revive the lentil export performance from Nepal. Herfindahl-Hirschman index showed that the Nepalese lentil market for export is highly concentrated which can lead to high economic risks. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 11, Issue-(1-2): 7-16.
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Situmorang, Erwin. „FISCAL FACILITIES TO IMPROVE EXPORT PERFORMANCE“. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting 1, Nr. 1 (25.04.2020): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v1i1.228.
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The Indonesian government, issued a number of policies to help exporters to be able to compete in the world market by exempting import duties or returning import duties on imported goods for export purposes in the form of Bonded Zone and KITE.The policy is aimed at attracting foreign investment and increasing exchange rates, as a laboratory for economic reform and technology transfer, as well as increasing labor force in unproductive areas. Providing facilities provided by the government During 2017 to 1,606 companies valued at Rp 57.28 T from that year. In that year, the total value of exports produced was Rp. 780.8 T, or covering 47.23% of the total national manufacturing exports. The existence of KB and KITE facilities has stimulated the formation of gross fixed capital of IDR 178.17 trillion throughout 2017. From the spillover effect, companies receiving facilities in KB and KITE involve as many as 95,251 business networks, including 68,234 in KB that absorb labor 1.13 million people work and 27,017 business networks in KITE with a workforce of 292.2 thousand people. The presence of companies in KB and KITE contributed to the creation of indirect economic activity of 268,508 businesses, the majority of companies that obtain KB and KITE facilities come from the Western Region of Indonesia, where the number of recipients is concentrated in Java with the largest percentage of companies receiving facilities of 90.35 percent. While, West Java is the province with the largest percentage of KB and KITE facility recipients, which is around 43.90 percent. These results are in accordance with current conditions, where West Java Province is a province that has the most industrial estates in Indonesia, namely 25 industrial estates or equivalent to 33.8 percent of the total 74 industrial estates in Indonesia.
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Olayiwola, Wumi K., und Johansein Ladislaus Rutaihwa. „Trade Liberalization and Employment Performance of Textile and Clothing Industry in Tanzania“. International Business Research 3, Nr. 3 (11.06.2010): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v3n3p47.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on employment performance of textile industry in Tanzania. The basic issue of concern is that the implementation of trade liberalization has differential impact on employment and wage in many African countries. In addressing this issue as well as achieving the objective, econometric models of employment and wage are estimated using co-integration method of analysis. The analysis shows that effective rate of protection and export intensity have an insignificant positive impact on demand for labour, but import penetration has a significant negative impact on employment. Also, only import penetration has a significant negative impact on wage. The impact of import penetration is larger than that of export orientation, as the increase in import competition leads to a decline in labour demand. These findings point to the fact that to make trade liberalization to be effectual in Tanzania, the process of trade reform needs to be gradual and also need to be strengthened with appropriate institutional support.
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Kumar, Shiv, und Kashif Ansari. „AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, Nr. 1 (31.01.2016): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i1.2016.2855.
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With the rise of factory farming, milk is now almost an unnatural operation. The modern dairy farm can have hundreds, even thousands of cows. Today’s average dairy cow produces six to seven times as much milk as she did a century ago. Currently, the United States is the largest producer of milk in the world, followed by India and China. India being one of the largest milk producer around the world, has to import a part of Milk products and its exports are negligible in the World Export Share.
This paper tries to examine the issues regarding ‘Export Performance of Dairy Industry of India’: Trends, Challenges and suggestions for improving the trade situation. The existing Literature has been reviewed accordingly comprising Trade Exports, Imports and the factors which are affecting the Milk Production in country. The Objectives of the study is to find out the reasons for the low per unit production, Imports and negligible exports. In Nutshell, it can be said that there are many unexplored areas in which researchers can explore the findings which can be helpful in achieving trade balance of the Indian Economy.
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Putri, Adelia Erlita, Endang Sulistiyani und Febrina Indrasari Indrasari. „The Determinants of Meat Import Performance in ASEAN Countries“. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 12, Nr. 1 (04.03.2021): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/mb.v12i1.10636.
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Research aims: The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of Gross Domestic Product, exchange rate, and distance on the meat import performance of ASEAN countries both partially and simultaneously.Design/Methodology/Approach: Purposive sampling method was adopted to determine the research sample. The data used were the annual secondary data of ASEAN countries in the period of 2012-2018, collected from trademap.org, World Bank, and macmap.org. Multiple Linear Regression was employed to analyze the data.Research findings: The regression analysis results showed that GDP and exchange rate did not affect meat import performance. Meanwhile, distance had a partially significant negative effect on meat import. However, GDP, exchange rate, and distance had a significant effect on meat imports simultaneously.Theoretical contribution: Previous researchers have used economic distance in their study to see its impact on imports. Nevertheless, there has not been much research done using geographical distance as an antecedent variable. The distant market has to incur large-fixed costs, which can only be supported if the export value is large. The negative impact of distance on imported meat must be taken seriously. AANZFTA supposedly gives a contribution to the member countries thoroughly to export goods and services. It is to increase per capita income so that it can be used to improve the transportation system.Implication policy: ASEAN officials are suggested to encourage the member countries to provide better transportation facilities to eliminate geographical distance barriers and further support SMEs and other business actors' engagement. Due to the limitation of this research, it is suggested that further research should consider using other commodities to measure the import performance.
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Junaedi, Junaedi. „Impact of the Taiwan-China War on Indonesian Trade“. Journal of Judikaltura 1, Nr. 2 (17.07.2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.61963/jkt.v1i2.36.
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Risks of China versus Taiwan War Indonesia needs to be aware of the tension between China and Taiwan, which has heated up again after being triggered by Nancy Pelosi's trip to Taiwan as chairman of the US House of Representatives (DPR), the conflict between the two could have an impact on trade performance, tensions between China and Taiwan are also now isattracting the attention of the world. This geopolitical conflict needs to be watched out for by Indonesia, considering that China-Taiwan has been Indonesia's important trading partner in the last two decades because it will have an impact on Indonesia's trade and good relations with the two countries; Indonesia needs to minimize trade risks due to the conflict between the two countries by looking for export destinations. as well as sources of imports from other countries. China is Indonesia's leading trading partner, with an international trading contribution of more than 20% in 2021. This contribution places China as Indonesia's number 1 export destination with an export value of USD 53.8 billion. In the same year, China was also the most significant import destination country, with an import value of USD 56.3 billion. Indonesia's trade with Taiwan also continues to grow every year. In 2021, Indonesia's exports to Taiwan were worth USD 7.0 billion, placing Taiwan as the ninth largest export destination for Indonesia.
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Malyarets, Lyudmyla, Mimo Draskovic, Nadiia Proskurnina, Oleksandr Dorokhov und Volodymyr Vovk. „Analytical support for forming the strategy of export-import activity development of enterprises in Ukraine“. Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, Nr. 3 (14.09.2018): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(3).2018.33.
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The current economic situation in Ukraine is conditioned by the efficiency of the export-import activity of industrial enterprises. In turn, the effectiveness of the strategy for the development of this activity depends on the scientific substantiation of its analytical support. This confirms the relevance of the topic of the article. The purpose of the article is to present the content of analytical support for forming the strategy of development of export-import activity of the enterprises in Ukraine. The object of the study is the development of analytical support for the formation of this strategy. The main methods of developing this analytical support is the multicriterial optimization method, which uses a genetic algorithm, multidimensional regression analysis, and a taxonomic method for calculating the integral index of development. The article also examines the peculiarities of the implementation of export-import activity of industrial enterprises in modern conditions, analyzes the criteria for its development, provides a system of indicators for the evaluation of this activity and the setting of a multi-criteria optimization task of maximizing the development of export-import activity of the enterprise, the solution of which is recommended with the help of software MatLab. It is recommended that the optimal values obtained are taken as the basis for determining the desired values of the export-import performance indicators.
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Fedorova, E., M. Fedotova und A. Nikolaev. „Assessing the impact of sanctions on russian companies performance“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 3 (20.03.2016): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-3-34-45.
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The paper presents the estimation of sanctions influence on the results of domestic companies on the basis of spillover effects. It is shown that the strength of sanctions influence is mainly determined by the processing chain in terms of industry foreign trade relations structure. During the whole period under analysis (from 2005 to 2012) the companies’ earnings were influenced mostly by German investment (import, export and horizontal country spillovers are significant). Investment from China also affected national companies during the crisis of 2008-2009. Import-driven (productive) industries suffer from sanction regime that is confirmed by the significance of import and export spillover of FDI from the countries, which introduced the sanctions.
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Wilson, Rodney J. A. „Jordan's Trade: Past Performance and Future Prospects“. International Journal of Middle East Studies 20, Nr. 3 (August 1988): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800053654.
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Many Middle Eastern governments are seeking to liberalize their trade policies. There is a desire to abandon policies based on import substitution through protectionism, and instead concentrate on export promotion. Advisors from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) urge governments to be less interventionist, and to create an environment where the provate sector can have freer rein. It is hoped that private entrepreneurs can revitalize the economies, and play a major role in emport promotion. Egypt, for example, has had an open door policy since 1974 following the years of government intervention and control under Nasser. Syria has also liberalized its import regime, and would like to encourage private sector exports, and Ba'thist socialist ideology has been less emphasized in recent years.
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Kim, Kyungmin. „An analysis of Korea's export performance using US import data“. Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 27, Nr. 1 (16.10.2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2017.1336639.
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Paul Ikechukwu, Unegbu, Uche Collins Nwogwugwu, Ebere S. Nwokoye, Amaka G. Metu und Obisike Ndubueze Ezindu. „IMPORT DEPENDENCE, VALUE ADDED AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR“. International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research 04, Nr. 06 (2023): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.56293/ijmsssr.2022.4539.
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This study undertakes the impact of import dependence and manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria with specific interest on the impact of imported intermediate, capital, and manufactured goods (herein referred to as import dependence) on manufacturing sector performancec indicators (such as manufacturing output growth, capacity utilization, value added, employment rate and export adopted in the study) from 1970 to 2019 utilizing a secondary data. The study adopted Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) for unit root test analysis, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration test analysis, while, Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) was used to provide empirical evidence for the relationship between manufacturing sector performance (dependenct variable) and import dependence (independent variable). The ARDL bounds cointegration test revealed evidence of long-run relationship between manufacturing sector performance and import dependence. It was discovered from the empirical findings among others that only import of capital contributed positively to all indicators of manufacturing sector performance adopted in the study, however, import of intermdiate goods was mixed in the sense that, it contributed negatively to manufacturing average capacity utilization (MACU), manufacturing value added (MVAD), manuafcturing export (MEXP) and contributed positively to manufacturing output (MOUP) and manufacturing employment rate (MEMP). But, import of manufactured goods contributed negatively to all indicators of manufacturing sector performance adopted in the study. Based on the findings, the study recommends that government should sell off compromise of all forms and make import only for capital and partially for intermediate goods that cannot be produced domestically, while, the importation of manufacutured goods should be discouraged at all cost in Nigeria. Thus conclude that on the average Nigeria’s manufacturing sector is surrounded with doubting benefits and may not be good enough to set economic growth and developmental platform required in the economy.
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Azib, Azib, Dedy Ansari Harahap und Dita Amanah. „The manufacturing company performance“. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, Nr. 4 (04.07.2020): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i4.755.
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This study aims to determine the effect of internationalization and funding decisions on the performance of manufacturing companies in the last 5 (five) years from 2014-2018 registered in Kompas 100. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary analysis. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS 26 program. Based on the results of data analysis, internationalization (foreign sales to total sales) and funding decisions (DER) partially affect the company's performance (Tobin's Q). Simultaneously internationalization and funding decisions affect company performance. This means companies that are able to increase their exports selectively and strategically will have an impact on the company's performance through increasing effective funding to finance export performance so that it will increase revenue and create better profits, overall affecting the performance of a company through better company value, seen by the increasing value of the company's shares. Finally, this article contributes to the knowledge and understanding of companies especially in Indonesia relating to the performance of a company and its impact on the manufacturing industry, challenges, and future prospects. Therefore it is recommended that in order to improve the performance of companies, especially manufacturing industries, companies when appointing managers, management of manufacturing companies must consider factors such as individual knowledge of the manufacturing industry, export-import, and corporate financial management
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Verter, Nahanga. „Analysis of External Influences on Agricultural Performance in Nigeria“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, Nr. 5 (2016): 1805–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664051805.
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The persistent slump in crude oil prices on the world market has drastically reduced government revenues, weakened currencies, and threatened growth and development of countries such as Nigeria that are heavily dependent on petroleum as a source of government earnings. Therefore, it has become imperative for the government to look beyond oil, notably agriculture to survive the present shocks. Given that agriculture is the largest non-oil export in Nigeria, this paper assesses the general performance of agriculture in the country. The article also verifies the relationship between trade, external financial flows and agricultural performance in the country, using Granger causality, IRF and VDA as well as descriptive approaches. The Granger test results reveal a unidirectional causality running from imports, openness, world prices of primary agrarian products, agricultural ODA to agricultural performance in Nigeria. The VDA results also show that a shock to agricultural exports, imports and openness can contribute to the fluctuation in the variance of agricultural performance in the country. The response of agricultural import to production records negative in almost all the periods investigated. This suggests that a substantial import in Nigeria might have hurt agricultural production in the country. The government of Nigeria should as a matter of urgency, invest heavily in agricultural production and encourage producers for domestic value added for local consumption and export. Also, more FDI and ODA should be channelled to agricultural related activities in the country. Domestic producers and exporters should be protected against foreign competitors in some commodities that can be produced cheaply at home.
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Ahmad, Mohsin Hasnain, Shaista Alam und Mohammad Sabihuddin Butt. „Foreign Direct Investment, Exports, and Domestic Output in Pakistan“. Pakistan Development Review 42, Nr. 4II (01.12.2003): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.715-723.
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The impact of the policy reform on economic performance has been one of the stifling issues in development economics in the recent years. Since the middle 1970s, there has been considerable progress in the trade reform in the most developing countries, turning from an import substitution strategy to export-oriented approach. Pakistan also follows export-oriented policies. Pakistan’s trade pattern and trade policy have been moving towards fewer and fewer controls, tariffs rates have come tumbling down. Export-led-growth hypothesis (ELG) suggests that due to positive correlation between export and growth, therefore, export-oriented policies contribute to economic growth. Thus, international trade and development theory suggests that export growth contributes positively to economic growth. On the basis of this framework, most empirical work on the effects of export promoting strategy followed in developing countries evaluated openness with trade. Empirical research about the effect of this liberalisation process has treated export as principal channel for growth. The relationship with exports and growth, grounded in endogenous growth theory, has been tested for Pakistan [Khan (1995); Ahmad, Butt, and Alam (2000) and Akbar (2000)].
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Öniş, Ziya. „The Dynamics of Export-Oriented Growth in a Second Generation Nic: Perspectives on the Turkish Case, 1980-1990“. New Perspectives on Turkey 9 (1993): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600002223.
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Can a new generation of countries emerge and establish themselves as major exporters of manufactures on the basis neo-liberal economic policies and thus replicate the outstanding performance of the first generation Asian and Latin American newly industrialized countries (NICs)? The article seeks to answer this question on the basis of a case-study, Turkey, a country which has managed to undertake a significant switch from import-substitution to export-orientation under an essentially neo-liberal reform package. The central argument may be summarized as follows. Neo-liberal reforms, when combined with a number of favourable “external conditions”, are quite successful in terms of engineering a shift of the existing productive capacity from import-substitution towards exports. Yet, such policies, on the whole, are less successful in terms of generating the level of investment necessary to sustain rapid growth in manufactured exports over time and also to achieve a steady process of export deepening. A sustained breakthrough in manufactured export growth cannot be realized by trade liberalization and exchange rate policy alone. Macroeconomic management and strategic industrial policy are likely to play a key role, particularly following the initial and comparatively easy phase of export-substitution.