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1
Sarvanidis, Sofoklis. "The implementation of information and consultation of employees regulations in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527136.
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The thesis focuses on the impact of the EU Directive (2002/14/EC), which was incorporated into UK employment law, with its phased implementation starting on 6th April 2005. The empirical evidence is based on a survey and predominantly on case-study research that involved interviews with: managers, employees and trade union representatives, together with the collection of relevant documentary evidence. The empirical findings, especially for the non-unionised sector, indicate that the reflexive nature of the Information and Consultation of Employees (ICE) Regulations has mainly stimulated the development of organisation-specific or tailor-made information and consultation arrangements, which minimally comply with the legislative provisions. Moreover, the development of such arrangements is primarily based on the ad hoc momentum that is generated by business pressures (i.e. collective redundancies, transfer of undertakings etc) and can be viewed as reflecting the conceptual framework of legislatively prompted voluntarism. The ICE Directive is aimed at bringing a consistency to the establishment of basic and standard information and consultation arrangements across the workplaces in Great Britain. Subsequently, it should promote the harmonisation of employee participation practices amongst the UK and other EU countries, as it has the goal of ensuring that there is a minimum floor of rights in relation to information sharing and consultation with employees. Nevertheless, the Europeanisation of British industrial relations cannot instantly take place through the adoption of such EU directives. With regard to this research endeavour, it emerges that the extant national idiosyncrasies cannot be substantially altered, whilst business pressures and employers’ goodwill continue to be key drivers in the development of employee participation and consultation arrangements in Great Britain, albeit within the newly adopted legislative and statutory framework.
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Mzyece, Dingayo. "An investigation into the implementation of the construction (design and management) regulations in the construction industry." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/558782.
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The European Union (EU), in 1992, issued the Temporary or Mobile Construction Sites (TMCS) Directive, which requires EU members to introduce specific law to improve health and safety (H&S) performance outcomes by placing specific duties on key stakeholders. This Directive led to the introduction of the first Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations in the UK construction industry on 31 March 1995 and since their introduction, the overall performance of construction H&S has improved gradually. However, despite this positive outlook, there are still significant concerns surrounding the implementation of the CDM Regulations, a subject on which empirical research has been very scanty. It is against such a background that this study investigates the practical implementation of the CDM Regulations and extends current knowledge and understanding, and develops a framework for appropriate remedial action by industry. The research method involved a thorough critical review of literature, semi-structured interviews, and two postal questionnaire surveys, using as research informants, practitioners with experience of the Designer, CDM Coordinator (CDM-C), and Principal Contractor (PC) roles under the CDM Regulations. Primary data were collected and analysed from in-depth interviews with six organisations purposively selected based on their construction design expertise and 122 questionnaires returned in total. The finding regarding lack of collaborative working amongst duty holders is a significant outcome of this study; a requirement expressed explicitly within the CDM Regulations, yet questionable in terms of its implementation. Further, the study reveals a number of statistically significant correlations between the extent of discharge of duties and their perceived degree of importance. However, the strength of the majority of these correlations is weak. In particular, the evidence indicates that 50% of the duties of the CDM-C are misaligned in terms of extent of discharge and perceived degree of importance, whereas 25% of the PC duties are also misaligned. This signals a lack of understanding regarding the importance of duties, towards achieving improved H&S management. Surprisingly, a comparison between extent of discharge of duties and their perceived degree of difficulty reveals that all the duties of the PC are statistically significant, meaning that the perceived degree of difficulty does not impede their extent of discharge. While 90% of the CDM-C duties are also statistically significant, again the same interpretation applies. Further, a consensus reached by Designers supports the view that CDM-Cs provide insufficient input throughout the planning and construction phase, raising doubt as to whether the duty holder is fit for purpose. Overall, the results confirm that interdependent working of duty holders is still a challenge, demonstrated by the Designer duty to ensure appointment of the CDM-C (Regulation 18(1)), the CDM-C duty to ensure Designers comply with their duties (Regulation 20(2)(c)), and the PC duty to liaise with the CDM-C and Designer (Regulation 22(1)(b)). Three recurring themes emerge from the results, that is: (i) collaboration, (ii) accountability and compliance, and (iii) facilitation, which in turn inform the remedial action framework comprising 13 remedial actions and 8 change drivers. Validation of the remedial action framework by 15 study participants reveals that, at least 10 remedial actions and 7 change drivers are considered likely to improve CDM implementation. The top three remedial actions are: (i) ensuring adequate arrangements for coordination of H&S measures; (ii) including provisions within the regulations specifying the stages for the appointment of duty holders; and (iii) amending the ACoP to provide guidance on determining what resources are adequate for a particular project. Whereas, the top three change drivers are: (i) management leadership; (ii) the proactive participation of duty holders; and (iii) training to equip duty holders with sufficient knowledge on provision of timely and adequate preconstruction information. Based on these outcomes, conclusions, recommendations, and further areas of research are drawn.
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De, Mars Sylvia. "Identical regulation, different outcomes : an analysis of the implementation of EU public procurement legislation in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and France." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536559.
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Since 1993, the European Union has dramatically increased the scope and volume of its procurement regulation; particular increases have been made in terms of the procurement procedures made available, and the obligations that national contracting authorities have in light of EU law. This thesis examines the influence that recent developments in EU public procurement law have had on national procurement regulation in the UK, the Netherlands, and France. To assess this influence, three 'case study' areas were selected for investigation: the new procurement procedure 'competitive dialogue', made available for the procurement of complex contracts; the ability to repeat purchase using 'framework agreements', recently made available for purchasing in non-utilities sectors; and the Court of Justice's use of 'general principles of equal treatment and transparency', which has created new obligations for national contracting authorities. The thesis found that, in the areas examined, the influence of EU secondary legislation is substantial and-in two of the three countries examined-also plays a visible role in national regulation where EU law is not mandatory. The Court of Justice jurisprudence evaluated has had its most significant impact on the national judiciary: courts were found to reinforce the Court's judgments in all countries. Soft law issued by the European Commission had little perceivable influence on the formal legal regulation of the Member States examined, but may have influenced approaches taken to guidance or legislation more generally. The thesis also observed that harmonization of national laws, despite not being an objective of the EU rules, has increased in recent years-but even now, national differences (usually reflective of historical approaches taken to procurement regulation) are visible in those areas where the EU rules are optional, rather than mandatory.
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Bauer, Francisca, Christoph Bremberger, and Friedrich Kunz. "Implementation of the Hogan, Rosellón, and Vogelsang (HRV) incentive mechanism into the InTraGas model." Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3086/1/bauer_bremberger_kunz.pdf.
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The European natural gas market is characterised by higher demand than available supply from
own resources. Therefore Europe is a gas net-importing region. The costs of potential problems or
disruptions establish the need for an environment which stimulates sufficient investments in transmission
line capacities. We examine the effects of the introduction of the recently developed Hogan,
Rosellón and Vogelsang (HRV) incentive mechanism into the European natural gas market. In the
simulations with GAMS we can confirm all results expected from theory. The validity of these simulation
results is confirmed in a structural analysis, which comprised the variation of different exogenous
input parameters. Therefore we conclude that the HRV incentive mechanism as a regulatory regime
for the European natural gas market would be an advisable alternative, which should be considered
in future discussions. (author's abstract)<br>Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics
5
Frostman, Christine. "Sveriges hantering i praktik av EU:s regelverk om samordningen av medlemsländernas sociala trygghetssystem : En fallstudie av svenska offentliga instansers implementering och uppföljning." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2099.
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<p>This essay analyses how Swedish authorities implement the EU regulations on the application of social security schemes and, more specifically, when it comes to health care and sickness benefits. The research is based on a survey and several interviews and aims to answer how the lower echelons of the hierarchy work towards the implementation, what are their working conditions and how the authorities evaluate and optimize the implementation process.</p><p>The general conclusion of the study is that there are several flaws in the implementation process. The results have shown that there is a lack of resources as well as of tutoring and education amongst the actors. The complexity of the regulations does also seem to have influenced the process. Finally the results have shown that the public instances do not proceed to a systematic evaluation of the implementation process which has led to a bad communication between the different actors as well as to difficulties in improving the flaws in the implementation process.</p>
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Prada, Stanislav. "Komparácia regulácie a dohľadu finančných systémov USA a EÚ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201921.
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The master thesis deals with the issue of the development of regulation and supervision of the financial systems in the US and the EU. The thesis is primarily focused on the regulatory and supervisory bodies and the area of capital adequacy in both, the US and the EU and changes in these areas in response to the global financial crisis. In order to meet the theses objectives the thesis is divided into three chapters, which are logically and chronologically connected. The first chapter covers the period before the financial crisis. This chapter analyzes American and European system of regulation and supervision in the period before the crisis, as well as Basel I and Basel II and the reaction of the US and the EU on these agreements. The second chapter focuses on the period of the financial crisis. Chapter analyzes the causes that led to this crisis and also its actual progress. Next section of the second chapter analyzes the US and the EU response to the crisis and the steps which the US and the EU have taken in an effort to save their financial systems. The last chapter covers the post-crisis period. This chapter is devoted mainly to the new concept Basel III and its implementation in the US and the EU. The conclusion of the thesis will be devoted to an overall summary and to comparison of obtained information.
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Bitar, Hadi, and Björn Jakobsson. "GDPR: Securing Personal Data in Compliance with new EU-Regulations." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64342.
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New privacy regulations bring new challenges to organizations that are handling and processing personal data regarding persons within the EU. These challenges come mainly in the form of policies and procedures but also with some opportunities to use technology often used in other sectors to solve problems. In this thesis, we look at the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU that comes into full effect in May of 2018, we analyze what some of the requirements of the regulation means for the industry of processing personal data, and we look at the possible solution of using hardware security modules (HSMs) to reach compliance with the regulation. We also conduct an empirical study using the Delphi method to ask security professionals what they think the most important aspects of securing personal data, and put that data in relation to the identified compliance requirements of the GDPR to see what organizations should focus on in their quest for compliance with the new regulation. We found that a successful implementation of HSMs based on industry standards and best practices address four of the 35 identified GDPR compliance requirements, mainly the aspects concerning compliance with anonymization through encryption, and access control. We also deduced that the most important aspect of securing personal data according to the experts of the Delphi study is access control followed by data inventory and classification.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur <1980>. "Legal Ontology for Nexus: Water, Energy and Food in EU Regulations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7261/.
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The objectives of the thesis are – (a) to identify the problems in water-energy-food nexus from ICT and Law point of view and to propose theoretically a legal knowledge framework for water-energy-food nexus in order to reduce those problems technologically, (b) to construct and implement legal ontology for nexus extracted from EU water, energy and food Regulations in OWL 2 language, which is a part of the grater work of implementing legal knowledge framework for water-energy-food nexus proposed through the compilation of objective (a). Considering these objectives, this thesis presents total five chapters. First chapter investigates current start of art of nexus in order to identify (1) major knowledge gaps in the nexus and (2) ontological existence of the nexus in the EU regulations, particularly in the legal definitions accommodated in EU Regulations and Directives associated with nexus domains. It also rationalizes the need for legal ontology for nexus. Second chapter evaluates existing perspectives and methodologies available for constructing legal ontology. The purpose of such evaluation was to select correct perspective and methodology for constructing legal ontology for nexus. It, at the end, justifies the need for developing new methodology for constructing the legal ontology for nexus. Third chapter explains the methodology used for engineering legal definitional knowledge extracted from the selected EU regulations in order to construct the legal ontology for nexus. Fourth chapter explains in detail the legal ontology for nexus while fifth chapter evaluates legal ontology for nexus. In addition, conclusion of the thesis shares critical issues faced throughout this doctoral thesis work. Furthermore, annexes contain a list of all formulas of restrictions implemented in legal ontology for nexus and links of all modules of legal ontology for nexus. LODE documentation of the legal ontology for nexus is available at http://codexml.cirsfid.unibo.it/post-doctoralresearchers/mizanur-rahman/.
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McAllister, Steve Randolph. "Implementation of Food Safety Regulations in Food Service Establishments." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5902.
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Food service businesses in the United States have experienced millions of dollars in losses caused by foodborne illness outbreaks, which can lead to bankruptcy and business closures. More than 68% of all foodborne illness outbreaks occur in food service establishments. The purpose of this descriptive case study was to explore the strategies leaders of food service establishments use to implement food safety regulations. Force field analysis was the conceptual framework for this study. The population for the study consisted of 3 leaders of food service establishments located in the southeastern region of the United States. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of the business policies and procedures that support compliance with critical food safety regulations. The methodological triangulation approach was used to assist in correlating the interview responses with company policies and procedures during the data analysis process. Yin's 5-step data analysis approach resulted in 3 themes: (a) organizational performance analysis for improvements in food safety, (b) strategies applied to improve food safety, and (c) stability of new strategies for food safety. The key strategies identified included adhering to the guidelines of food code and regulation, conducting employee training and awareness building, and working closely with food safety inspectors. The implications for positive social change include the potential to add knowledge to businesses, employees, and communities on the use of effective food safety strategies to minimize foodborne illnesses. Such results may lead to the improvement of service performance and long-term growth and sustainability of food service establishments.
10
Petersen, Sara, and Hilda Lundin. "The Pitfalls of Communicating the Implementation of Environmental Regulations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167717.
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In the light of a market that showcases increased hesitation and skepticism over green marketing and environmental communication, is the necessity of a well executed corporate communication greater than ever. What can be seen on the market is corporations that are unintentionally using motive greenwashing as a tool for attracting and persuading consumers to favour the corporations image. Prior research within green marketing has put a large focus on greenwashing in product context and the effects of it on consumer behaviour. In this study greenwashing is examined in a communication context and its effect on different aspects of consumer behaviour and attitude.
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Bassra, Muhammad Asim. "Self-regulations in Pakistan in comparison with UK, EU and international environmental law." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2012. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/3000/.
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Magnusson, Wilhelm. "The EU General Data Protection Regulations and their consequences on computer system design." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213025.
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As of writing this thesis, the EU’s new data protection laws (GDPR) will start to apply within one year. The new regulations are poorly understood by many and rumours of varying accuracy are circling the IT industry. This thesis takes a look at the parts of the GDPR concerning system design and architecture, clarifying what they mean and their consequences for system design. The new regulations are compared to the old data protection laws (Directive 95/46/EC), showing how companies must alter their computer systems in order to adapt. Using evaluations of the old data protection laws predictions are made for how the GDPR will affect the IT industry going forward. One of the more important questions are what tools are available for companies when adapting to privacy protection regulations and threats. This thesis aims to identify the most common processes for this kind of system modification and compare their effectiveness in relation to the GDPR.<br>Vid framställningen av denna avhandling är det mindre än ett år innan EUs nya dataskyddsförordning (GDPR) träder i kraft. Många har bristande förståelse av de nya förordningarna och rykten av varierande korrekthet cirkulerar inom IT industrin. Denna avhandling utför en kritisk undersökning utav de delar inom GDPR som berör system design och arkitektur och beskriver dess innebörd för system design. De nya lagarna jämförs med de föregående dataskyddslagarna (Direktiv 95/46/EC) för att påvisa de modifikationer som kommer krävas för att anpassa datorsystem till de nya förordningarna. Genom att undersöka de äldre dataskyddslagarnas effekt på industrin görs även förutsägelser kring hur GDPR kommer påverka IT industrin inom den närmaste framtiden. Än av de intressantare frågorna är vilka metoder som finns tillgängliga för att underlätta systemanpassningar relaterade till dataskyddsförordningar. Denna avhandling syftar att identifiera de mest etablerade av dessa typer av processer och jämföra deras lämplighet i förhållande till GDPR.
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Lu, Tian. "EU technical regulations and standards on textiles and their effect on imports from China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120012.
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AHMED, RABBU, and MOSTAFA CHARAFEDDIN. "The reallocation of capital towards green investments : A study on the EU Taxonomy Regulations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299280.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate how the introduction of the EU Taxonomy for sustainable activities will affect investors capital allocation towards green investments, and how it will impact the financial market. This master thesis has been conducted with a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews. The interviews involved 14 financial professionals within the Nordic area, as well as one economic analyst from the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium. In addition, it includes a thorough literature study and a theoretic framework involving the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Based upon the findings, this research shows that the EU taxonomy will be an adequate tool in order to facilitate the process of shifting capital towards sustainable investments. However, the allocation of capital may be delayed at first, but is expected to achieve a capital reallocation towards green investments in the long term. Challenges identified include the balance between risk adjusted profits and making a transition to attract capital. Both investors and listed companies will face the challenge of choosing the best strategy to attract more capital than their peers. All investors participating in this research expect to see increasing stock prices of listed taxonomy aligned companies in the near future. This short-term increase in stock prices could be derived from the demand of early movers of the green investments. Investors are expected to invest in taxonomy aligned. The research defines that financial regulations are regarded as complex information and therefore not regarded as information available to all investors, the Efficient Market Hypothesis could not be confirmed for complex information. Future research could explore how other market participants outside of the EU could be affected by the implementation of the EU Taxonomy. For future research it could also be interesting and of great use to conduct research based on the variables, risk and profit in combination with a reallocation of capital towards green investments.<br>Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur införandet av EU: s taxonomi för hållbar verksamhet kommer att påverka investerarnas kapitalallokering till gröna investeringar och hur det kommer att påverka den finansiella marknaden. Detta examensarbete har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna involverade 14 yrkesverksamma inom den nordiska finansbranschen samt en ekonomisk analytiker från Europeiska kommissionen i Bryssel, Belgien. Dessutom innehåller den en grundlig litteraturstudie och ett teoretiskt ramverk som involverar the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). Baserat på resultaten visar denna forskning att EU: s taxonomi kommer att vara ett adekvat verktyg för att främja processen av att flytta kapital mot hållbara investeringar. Tilldelningen av kapital kan dock försenas först, men förväntas uppnå en kapitalallokering mot gröna investeringar på lång sikt. Bland de identifierade utmaningarna ingår balansen mellan riskjusterade vinster och en övergång för att attrahera kapital. Både investerare och börsnoterade företag kommer att stå inför utmaningen att välja den bästa strategin för att locka mer kapital än sina konkurrenter. Alla investerare som deltar i denna forskning förväntar sig att stigande aktiekurser för börsnoterade taxonomirelaterade företag kommer inom en snar framtid. Denna kortsiktiga ökning av aktiekurserna kan härledas från efterfrågan från de tidiga flyttarna av de gröna investeringarna. Investerare förväntas investera i taxonomi. Forskningen definierar att finansiella regler betraktas som komplex information och därför inte betraktas som information tillgänglig för alla investerare. Den effektiva marknadshypotesen kunde inte bekräftas för komplex information. Framtida forskning kan undersöka hur andra marknadsaktörer utanför EU kan påverkas av genomförandet av EU: s taxonomi. För framtida forskning kan det också vara intressant och till stor nytta att bedriva forskning baserad på variabler, risk och vinst i kombination med en omfördelning av kapital till gröna investeringar.
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Josefsson, Henrik. "Good Ecological Status : Advancing the Ecology of Law." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246561.
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For a meaningful discussion of the effectiveness of ecological objectives and ecological quality standards, their terms and purposes must be examined and clarified. This study explores the terms and content of ecological quality objectives and ecological quality standards, based on the Water Framework Directive’s legal conceptualization of ‘ecological status’. This exploration is accomplished by analysing and describing the Water Framework Directive’s ‘ecological status’ aspect from a legal-ecological perspective. The analysis of ‘ecological status’ and its main constructs forms the basis for a possible alternative form of regulation, which addresses the shortcomings identified in the analysis.
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Wagner, Andrew. "Municipal bond market efficiency post the implementation of RTRS transparency regulations /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18675.pdf.
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Mulugeta, Bruke Mekuria. "Perceptions on an effective Compliance Management System : An approach to compliance with EU Data Regulations." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31603.
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The purpose of this thesis is, through an exploratory study, to examine how organizations can effectively comply with data regulations. The following are the research questions: What are the elements of an effective compliance management system? In light of the elements of an effective compliance management system, how are organizations complying with EU data regulations? A holistic multiple case study approach was implemented where four companies with services handling personally identifiable information were interviewed and then requested to participate in a Likert scale questionnaire to find points of consensus. Based on literature the elements of an effective compliance management system were shortlisted. These elements are policies and procedures; communicate and train; culture; respond to incidents and prevent future incidents; resources; incentives and rewards; exercise due diligence to prevent and detect criminal conduct; governance; objectivity; risk management; prohibited persons; monitoring and auditing program effectiveness; ethics. Based on the interviews and questionnaire, organizations were not systematically managing compliance with EU data regulations. Also, there was not an awareness of the regulations. There was a lack of understanding on the details of the regulations and a drive to comply with these regulations. It was noted that issues that do come about due to data protection were handled on the go. To summarize the interviewees, there is a reactive mentality instead of a proactive one towards compliance with data regulations. From a regulator’s perspective, a means of including service providers in the process of data regulation may first help in creating awareness. On the note of awareness, it is necessary for organizations handling personally identifiable information to comply with the law. Again, this is not viewed as a priority for the organizations that have been interviewed or at least for organizations that are relatively small in size or in a startup phase. The value provided by this thesis is in providing an aggregated view of the elements of an effective compliance management system.
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Ramsey, Priscilla W., P. McConnell, B. H. Palmer, and Loyd Lee Glenn. "Nurses' Compliance With Universal Precautions Before and After Implementation of OSHA Regulations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1996. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7541.
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The principal objective of this study was to investigate whether or not nurses' compliance with universal precautions procedures improved after the mandatory Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations were implemented in 1992. Two random samples of registered nurses and licensed practical nurses registered in Tennessee responded to survey questionnaires measuring universal precautions compliance and practice barriers to compliance in 1991 and 1993 (n = 306). The 1993 sample of nurses reported significantly greater compliance with universal precautions (p < 0.001) than the 1991 sample. The most noteworthy improvement between the 1991 and the 1993 groups was a significant increase in compliance for patients described as HIV/HBV-status unknown and HIV/HBV-negative (p < 0.001). Practice barriers hindering compliance with universal precautions decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the 1991-1993 time frame. Problematic practice barriers identified in both groups were needle recapping, preference for isolation door signs, and concerns about offending patients and visitors.
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Jung, Sung-Hoon. "The global-local interplay : Korean foreign direct investment in the European Union." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323046.
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Nešpor, Jakub. "APLIKACE ENERGETICKÉ POLITIKY EU V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE – FVE." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264392.
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Support for photovoltaic plants that originated before 2014, as well as support for renewable energy in general, artificially increases the price of energy and this measure has secondary effects in the form of rising prices of farmland and thus food. The regulation also creates distortions, for example on coal markets, which reduces the demand for this commodity. This thesis deals with the introduction of regulation and analysis of the motivation for the introduction of quotas in the energy policy of the European Union. Subsequent analysis evaluates the intended and unintended effects of regulation, which are not visible at first sight on this issue. The European Commission has so far not planned reassessment of policy support for renewable energy sources.
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van, Stappen Jonas Viktor. "Energy Market Surveillance in the EU and US: A Study of Market Designs, Regulations, and Detection Algorithms." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245997.
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The need for market surveillance in the context of wholesale energy trading is examined through a study of twenty years of energy market liberalisation, resulting modern market designs in EU and US power and gas markets, and through an exploration of high-profile case studies of energy market abuse. Additionally, an extensive regulatory analysis of core EU (REMIT, MAR, MiFID II) and US (CEA/Dodd-Frank Act, Energy Policy Act, EISA) market regulations is conducted, with the goal of clearly identifying current obligations and prohibitions in their application to wholesale energy market actors. Lastly, the identified prohibition of one specific manipulative behaviour – physical-asset-related insider trading – is translated into a functional high-level alert logic, suitable for future implementation in an automated surveillance system. This high-level alert logic is validated on a proof-of-concept level by testing a minimum working example of the logic against independently prepared sample trading data, which has been modified to include a suitable physical-asset-related insider trading case.<br>Behovet av marknadsövervakning i samband med grosshandel med energi undersöks genom en studie av tjugo års liberalisering av energimarknaden, vilket resulterade i moderna marknadsdesign i EUs och USAs kraft- och gasmarknader, och genom en prospektering av högprofilerade fallstudier av energimarknadsmissbruk. Dessutom har en omfattande reglementeringsanalys av EU:s (REMIT, MAR, MiFID II) och USA:s (CEA / Dodd-Frank Act, Energy Policy Act, EISA) huvudsakliga marknadsreglementering med målet att tydligt identifiera nuvarande skyldigheter och förbud för energigrossmarknadens aktörer. Slutligen, det identifierade förbudet mot en specifik manipulativ beteende - fysisk tillgångsrelaterad insiderhandel - översätts till en funktionell högnivå varningslogik, lämplig för framtida implementering i ett automatiserat övervakningssystem. Den här hög nivå varningslogiken är validerad på ett belägg-av-koncept nivå genom att testa ett minimalt arbetsexempel på logik mot oavhängiga preparerat provhandelstransaktionsdata, som har modifierats för att inkludera ett lämpligt fall av fysisk tillgångsrelaterad insiderhandel.
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Kingiri, Ann Njoki. "An enquiry into biosafety regulations implementation in Kenya : perspectives and roles of scientists." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54654/.
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This thesis explores the perspectives and related behavioural shifts of the heterogeneous Kenyan scientific community in the development and subsequent implementation of biosafety regulations. Kenya's biotechnology innovation system has been driven largely by the contradictory framing of biotechnology as a scientific tool for innovation and international competitiveness on the one hand, and as a technology that has adverse effects on the environment on the other. A transition towards an integrated regulatory system over the last one and half decades had entailed unprecedented institutional configurations and changes in behavioural patterns of the scientific community. To analyse the role of the scientific community in shaping the regulatory process and instruments in the evolving biotechnology innovation system, the thesis draws on interviews, documentary analysis and observation data collected from a wide range of scientist and non scientist actors. It finds that, as scientists adapt to institutional changes necessitated by the biotechnology innovation transition, they have been reconstituting themselves consciously and unconsciously around different linear and non linear modes of knowledge production. In the process, learning has occurred, knowledge has been produced and diffused impacting on both technological innovation and emergence of a regulatory regime. The latter is however bounded up in the former. The thesis further finds that the capacity to influence the regulatory process and instruments was spurred not only by the individualised scientific expertise, but also by the relationships and coalitions built around the different regulatory phases. Knowledge produced in this regulatory context challenges the application of knowledge theories in the light of its potential to influence scientific practice and regulatory policy instruments. From lessons and insights drawn from theories of knowledge, the emerging policies and practices are skewed towards a narrow, linear form of technical and scientific expertise, thus ignoring many underpinning factors that are important for emergence of socially desirable processes and policies. The study recommends reconceptualisation of both scientific practice and policymaking in reflexive and systemic ways that encourage incremental learning.
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Pařízková, Alena. "Farmaceutický průmysl v EU: spolupráce a vliv na konkurenceschopnost." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76268.
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This thesis is dedicated to the potential of pharmaceutical industry targeting an increase in EU world competitiveness. Pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in world economy, both from the social and economic point of view. In particular, this thesis is focused on macroeconomic contribution of pharmaceutical industry into world economy emphasizing the situation of EU. Particularly, the thesis consists of evaluating the situation, importance and barriers of development of pharmaceutical industry in EU and it, also, points out the main directions towards positive development of this sector, including the international and national cooperation. Pharmaceutical industry is the key sector in the EU competitiveness increase.
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Gaál, Bettina. "Implementation of Sutainability Reporting in the EU - A Comparative Case Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388677.
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The European Union has since the 1970s shifted their focus towards environmental policies and today they aim at the adequate implementation of environmental sustainability initiatives across all member states. The process of the implementation of sustainability reporting and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the achievement of the SDGs require a multilevel governance paradigm-shift, provides a framework for all involved parties to act and perform accordingly. The Directive 2014/95/EU on non-financial and diversity reporting is an incentive to achieve higher environmental, social and economic sustainability and transparency amongst European corporations. However, deriving from the nature of a directive, it does not offer a clear guideline to follow nor actual legislative guidance. Even though directives are mandatory to be implemented in national legislation, the way and form of it may vary to a great extent due to the fact that it is sufficient for the EU if the directive is translated into the countries’ law. This, however, results in different levels of efficiency and performance in different countries.This research contributes to the understanding of the implementation of environmental EU directives with the goal of achieving sustainable development within the EU member states. Throughout a multilevel governance and deductive approach, the comparative case study highlights the differences and identifies leverage points for policy makers and future research to develop common best practices for such purposes.In order to answer the research question Why do countries perform in significantly different ways within the field of sustainability, given they are all following the same directives issued by the EU?, the comparison of the two selected countries, Hungary and Sweden was conducted through two sub-questions, which aimed at identifying the differences and similarities in their governance framework to reach the SDGs and legislation following the Directive 2014/94/EU. In conclusion, clear differences can be identified between the countries’ political commitment, integrational and holistic approach of sustainability into policy-making and; and the “extra mile” and commitment that Sweden manifested to improving the sustainability and transparency level of corporations in applying stricter measures in national legislation following the Directive 2014/95/EU and handling sustainability as a concept as a crucial, essential and integrated part of life.
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Elezi, Gentian. "Explaining policy implementation : challenges for Albania in preparing for EU membership." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59462/.
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Villar, Michael H. Krause Carsten. "Development and implementation of an interactive uniform regulations manual for the United States Marine Corps." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FVillar.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in )--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s):Man-Tak Shing, Anthony Ciavarelli. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.161-162). Also available in print.
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Stevens, Duncan John Deuchar. "Significant constraints hindering implementation of the EIA regulations by relevant environmental authorities in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9776.
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Bibliography: leaves 117-125.<br>This research is focused on determining the most significant constraints hindering the implementation of the EIA regulations in South Africa by the Relevant Environmental Authorities (REAs). The impetus for this research was provided by a literature search, information obtained at an International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) workshop held in 1999 and personal discussions with the main participants in the EIA process. This study adopts a broad approach to obtain the perceptions of the main participants in the EIA process (Regulatory Authorities, Consultants and Interested and Affected Parties), in order to identify the most significant constraints hindering EIA implementation in South Africa. The research was conducted in six of the nine provinces. Although many criteria were considered, the three main criteria used for selecting the six provinces include the research budget, geographical location and the economic characteristics of each province.
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Krause, Carsten. "Development and implementation of an interactive uniform regulations manual for the United States Marine Corps." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2600.
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There are two main purposes to this thesis study. First, we will deploy the principles of software development that we have learned through the Software Engineering track here at NPS and test its validity through the development of a real world system. This system will be a completely self sustaining prototype of a web design containing both the front end and back end requirements. Second, we will conduct a study of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) through the design and usability testing of a new interactive uniform regulations manual. All military services currently possess their own individual uniform regulations specific to each service. This system, although it will be specific to the United States Marine Corps, can be used as a model for any other service as well as any international military desiring a similar solution to the inherent problems associated with current manuals. The new system will address all aspects currently outlined in the regulations. This regulation will be used by all US civilians and military service members to whom the current manual is now relevant. Although we fully intend to deliver a finished product to the Marine Corps for their official use, the true value to us as students is in the process of developing and testing this new system. The knowledge learned here will benefit us in any future system design or development projects.
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Bassey, David Nkata. "Corporate Governance Implementation in the Nigerian Banking Industry." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5676.
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The increasing level of fraud, the collapse of banks, and the loss of confidence in the Nigerian banking industry have been attributed to poor corporate governance. The problem of this study was effective implementation of corporate governance in Nigeria where multiple regulations are in place. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to understand how corporate governance is implemented in the Nigerian banking industry in the face of a multiplicity of regulations. The research question investigated how Nigerian bank managers implement corporate governance regulations in the face of a multiplicity of regulations. The conceptual framework was grounded in stewardship theory. Data collection included document analysis and face-to-face semistructured interviews to gain an understanding of how to implement corporate governance based on the perception of 15 purposefully selected senior managers and directors of the host bank. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-Stage data analysis approach. Findings revealed that the involvement of senior bank managers and the adoption of global best practices, training, education, and awareness creation are the prerequisites for effective implementation of corporate governance. Findings may be used to reduce corporate failure, improve compliance, and restore confidence in the banking industry through enhancing the understanding of practitioners, investors, and policymakers on how to implement corporate governance in a highly regulated banking environment and contribute to positive social change.
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Brazzini, Giovanna. "Compliance with EU Law: Why Do Some Member States Infringe EU Law More Than Others?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/216.
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Why do some member states infringe EU law more than others? Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis reported here, is not because of administrative capacity limitations, but because of political context, policy changes and deliberate opposition by member governments in order to maintain their independence. States in turn, are motivated by domestic politics to seek to avoid implementing EU law. Additionally, I find that richer countries violate the law more often than poorer countries. Further, member states infringe more than others because of a high number of institutional and coalitional veto players. These results suggest that member states are in the EU because the EU serves their national interest over collective ones. Finally, these results suggest new hypothesis. Member states that have a high level of public discontent with the EU are unlikely to tolerate the political costs of implementing EU legislation.
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Johansson, Åsa. "Europeisk medborgardialog? : En implementeringsstudie av Plan D som i demokrati,dialog och debatt." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17895.
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In an effort to strengthen democracy in the union, the EU in 2005 took a new approach to communications policy to reach out to the citizens. The strategic document "Plan D for Democracy, Dialogue and Debate" was accompanied by two other documents, and the three of them were the core of this policy. Both democracy and communications work means at EU level a higher complexity than in the nation-state arena. Objective of this study is to examine how the implementation of Plan D has turned out in a democracy renewal perspective. To achieve that answers are sought to questions concerning the goals of Plan D, how they are still present today, what happened in practice regarding the efforts that are highlighted, and how the substance of the activities can be judged from a democratic theory perspective. Implementation theory, communication theory and democratic theory are central elements in answering these questions. The study is divided into three analytical levels: European, national, regional and local level. The method used is thoroughly qualitative text analysis. At regional and local level, a comparative case study concentrates in two organizations involved in the implementation work. The empirical material used consists of documents related to Plan D, and partly the result of interviews with officials who work practically with communication. The study shows that the focus of communications work is not on citizen participation in decision-making, much of the work is all about information and that it is characterized with a classic view of communication. Given that it is considered that the studied implementation of Plan D is not about a European civil dialogue where participation in the decision making is a central part.
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Jedličková, Vladislava. "Shared financial management of Community programs and its implementation in the EU area." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113670.
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The issue of migration within the European Union has grown in member countries to considerable size. Management representatives of EU institutions have decided to address this situation. They established community program Solidarity and management of migration flows. The European Commission has decided that for the financial management of this program will be used the principle of shared management. The principle of shared financial management is the delegation of powers and responsibilities for funding and implementing the program from the institutions of the European Commission to the Member State. This decision creates an obligation for a Member State to establish a system of financial management programs in accordance with financial rules of the European Union (not by the financial rules of the Member State). So the general program "Solidarity and management of migration flows" became the first community program in the CR, which is being implemented on the principle of shared financial management. Member states are obliged to create their own theoretical and methodological basis of a new financial management. This method of financial management has three pillars - Responsible Authority, Audit Authority and Certification Authority. The recipient of funds may be non-profit organizations or state or public nonprofit organization. The financial management of the Responsible Authority is responsible for program implementation in the Member State through projects of final beneficiaries. The Audit Authority is the control body. The Certification Authority is the authority for confirmation. It is the last link between the European Commission and Member States. The task of the Certification Authority and at the same time of this dissertation was to develop new theoretical and methodological system of internationally recognized certification of public expenditures for services that are financed from the EU budget. In the past, the issue of certification of the expenditures financed by community programs in the CR was not addressed. The goal set in my work was met. New theoretical and methodological certification system was created. Functionality and effectiveness of the system was checked before being put into practice through expert assessment by experts of the Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Finance. Also theoretical and methodological approach was developed, which was approved by the Minister of the Interior, and which became a mandatory certification standard for all involved organizations in the CR. The system was put into practice and has been used since 2009.
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Dragneva, Petya. "Challenges to Europeanization : the transposition and implementation of EU waste 'acquis' in Bulgaria." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16248/.
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The main objective of this research is to explore the process of formal and practical transposition of European Union waste management acquis (selected directives). The discussion focuses on the experience of Bulgaria as a former candidate country and a new EU Member State in adopting and applying EU waste legislation. The research analyses the policy adjustments undertaken by Bulgaria towards complying with EU environmental and waste rules and the extent to which these adjustments have translated into actual change in the Bulgarian waste sector. Drawing on the specificities and the pace of the EU-driven transposition process before and after accession, the research considers the quality and type of change that Bulgarian waste policy has undergone since the country’s engagement with the European Union. Further to examining the intensity of the Europeanization dynamics in this case, the discussion identifies and explains the workings of other endogenous factors intervening in the Europeanization process. Alongside the domestic variables proposed and tested in existing academic work, this research puts forward for examination a test variable reflecting the existence of policy interactions at EU level, which once ‘domesticated’ in the national arena, can have significant implications for implementation performance and policy change. This research posits that policy interactions, featuring as a ‘domesticated’ variable, have to be considered in the context of EU adaptational pressures and in conjunction with the workings of domestic variables. Therefore, this research contributes to existing theory by analysing the effects of EU policy interactions in the domestic arena as part of the overall Europeanization dynamics. At an empirical level the research addresses the gap in existing studies of the processes of Europeanization and implementation of EU environmental and waste acquis in the EU new Member States and ex-candidate countries. More specifically, the thesis contributes to research on Bulgaria and on Bulgarian environmental and waste reforms.
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Ershova, Nadezda. "Medical device regulations as a source of industrial leadership : A comparative study of American and European regulatory approaches." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37727.
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Medical technology industry which produces the whole range of medical devices from eye droppers to computer tomography scanners is characterized by serious learning problems of industry stakeholders due to its high technological complexity and product diversity. Majority of firms populating the sector are small companies with no revenues, and therefore, depending strongly on venture capital to get their products on the market. At the same time due to technologies which are successfully launched, this industry employs highly qualified staff, promotes jobs and tax revenues. The industry progress is fueled by process of incremental innovation which occasionally produces technological breakthroughs. Medical device regulations, i.e. the mechanism of granting by a state to a manufacturer the rights to market her products in return of proof of their safety and effectiveness/performance, are an important element of innovation ecosystem of medical technology industry. They serve as a tool for decreasing uncertainty of stakeholders’ interactions on the market, ensuring public safety and legitimacy for manufacturers and their products. Supportive medical device regulations improve the investment climate in the industry by reducing related risks, and, hence, contribute to promotion of innovation in the short run and better and cheaper healthcare in the long run. In the regional context, therefore, particular design of medical devise regulations can be a source of competitive advantage of the whole region in the international arena. The present study compares two dominant regulatory frameworks: American and European. It attempts to answer the question: Which specific features of national/regional medical device regulations contribute to sustaining or improvement of a current and future position of a country/region on a world leadership chart? The two approaches are studied at present as well as in dynamics, the parameters determining the regulatory approach success are pointed out and then specific traits of regulatory approaches underpinning success parameters are defined and conjectures are made regarding the future trends of development for each of the two approaches. It has been shown that US and EU regulatory frameworks are likely to ensure similarly high safety level of devices, while European approach seems to be more efficient. Such traits of European framework as use of international performance standards and diversified responsibility among actors involved into regulatory process contribute to its higher efficiency.
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Duvenhage, Jacques Clarence. "The impact of anti-dumping and anti-dumping regulations between South Africa, the European Union and China : a comparative study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25301.
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This mini-dissertation critically analyse the use of anti-dumping regulations between South Africa, the European Union and China. South Africa, the European Union and China are all members of the World Trade Organisation. Dumping is legally defined in terms of Article VI of the General Agreements Act on Tariffs and Trade as “a product that is exported from one country to another at a price less than a price at which like goods are sold from domestic consumption in the exporting country”. The only way to protect a country from dumping is to use their universal, legal instruments set out by the World Trade Organisation, namely the most commonly used trade remedy, anti-dumping, countervailing and subsidies and lastly safeguards. On the 14th of November 2003, South Africa promulgated their anti-dumping regulations that had a broader overview regarding dumping than the previous legislation on this matter. Although there had been several opportunities to properly legislate anti-dumping substance and procedures, the existing South African legislation including the International Administration Act, still does not conform to the requirements and standards of the World Trade Organisation. In the early 20th Century, a number of European countries came together and formulated an Anti-dumping Agreement and was also known as the European Union. The European Union is seen as one of the biggest trade actors in the world. In 1994 the European anti-dumping laws were laid down. Regarding to non-market economies, the European legislation did not have a lot of change during the last decade. The European Union conforms to the requirements and standards set out by the World Trade Organisation. On 25 March 1997 the state council of the People’s Republic of China promulgated anti-dumping and countervailing regulations. At this point in time, China is undergoing an economic transformation, but before China plays an important part in the World Trade Organisation, it must learn to use the World Trade Organisation and integrate the World Trade Organisation laws that are directly related to China by looking at the international trade’s advantages and disadvantages. China is under severe dumping and anti-dumping status quo, which is directly paired with the development of China's anti-dumping legislation where new demands are being brought forward. South Africa’s relationship regarding China, lead to a Memorandum of Understanding in December 1999 where the regional trade protocol was signed between the two countries in terms of textiles, that South Africa won’t impose any duties against China until December 2013, but antidumping duties can be imposed on any other country. South Africa and the European Union have not yet created such a relationship of that between South Africa and China, but South Africa and the European Union, both signed the Trade Development and Co-operation Agreement. This was the first bi-lateral framework agreement between South Africa and the European Union. The final ratification occurred in 2004 and was revised in March 2007. The international trade war against China and the European Union has been won by China, because the WTO recently came to the conclusion that the European Union’s trade policies against China were discriminatory. It should be mentioned that these three countries will play an important role in the development and implementation of international trade relations and regulations and by their collusion, it could only improve the visions of international trade.<br>Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Mercantile Law<br>unrestricted
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Silva, Géssika Cecília Carvalho da. "Eu quero, eu posso?: implementação e efetividade de políticas públicas: um estudo do Programa Trabalho e Empreendedorismo da Mulher em Pernambuco." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7803.
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-26<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This thesis aims to understand the process of implementation of the Programa Trabalho e Empreendedorismo da Mulher in Pernambuco (PTEM) and its benefits for women who participated in its activities. For this research of qualitative nature were used as methodological tools a documentary and literature search, interviews with managers and with beneficiaries of the policy note and still a content analysis explained in textbooks used in courses and workshops. As models of analysis, considering the institutional and process models, by Thomas Dye (2009) and by the academic function of Silva and Silva (2008). The survey results showed that the PTEM-PE had its merits and has brought benefits to the participants, although not necessarily the objective for the Program, as have more subjective, behavioural and existential aspects. Confirmed also the issues related to our guiding hypotheses, the format applied to implementation of this Program in Pernambuco not contemplated the local’s reality and had results other than those achieved by the initial experience in Rio de Janeiro. This due to the fact that in this state of the policy was the result of a project that had significant results, prior experience and that opened up a way for correction of distortions and adjustments needed, what didn't happen in Pernambuco; and in Rio de Janeiro also had as a differential aspect of women having an after ativities monitoring from this Program, a support in the management of businesses and groups. We had highlighted among the challenges still in the process of implementation the limitations of partnerships, not to forecast financial resources to ensure the transportation of the participants and the leasing spaces to carry out the activities.<br>Esta tese objetiva compreender o processo de implementação do Programa Trabalho e Empreendedorismo da Mulher em Pernambuco (PTEM) e seus benefícios para as mulheres que participaram de suas atividades. Para esta pesquisa de cunho qualitativo foram utilizados como instrumentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e a documental, entrevistas com gestores e com as beneficiárias da política, a observação e ainda uma análise do conteúdo explicitado no material didático utilizado nos cursos e oficinas. Como modelos de análise, consideramos os modelos institucional e de processo, de Thomas Dye (2009) e pela função acadêmica de Silva e Silva (2008). Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que o PTEM-PE teve seus méritos e trouxe benefícios para as participantes, mesmo não sendo necessariamente os objetivados pelo Programa, pois se referiram mais aos aspectos subjetivos, comportamentais e existenciais. Confirmaram-se, ainda, as questões relacionadas às nossas hipóteses orientadoras, que o formato aplicado para implementação deste Programa em Pernambuco não contemplou a realidade local e teve resultados distintos dos alcançados pela experiência inicial no Rio de Janeiro. Isso devido ao fato de que neste último a política foi fruto de um Projeto que teve resultados expressivos, uma experiência prévia e que abriu espaço para correção de distorções e adequações necessárias, o que não aconteceu em Pernambuco; e no Rio de Janeiro teve ainda como diferencial o aspecto das mulheres contarem com um acompanhamento pós-atividades do Programa, um suporte na gestão dos negócios e dos grupos. Destacamos ainda entre os desafios no processo de implementação as limitações das parcerias, a não previsão de recursos financeiros para assegurar o transporte das participantes e a locação de espaços para a realização das atividades.
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Razímová, Martina. "Právní úprava auditingu v ČR a EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4530.
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Graduation theses treats of evolution of the legal regulations of auditing in the Czech republic from first regulation of Ministry of Finance no. 63/1989 Sb. to the draft law of auditors which results from Directive 2006/43/EC. Fundamental part of the theses is concentrated on the law no. 254/2000 Sb., of auditors and of change of law no. 165/1998 Sb., as amended by the subsequent acts, and on the act draw of auditors which implements the requirements of the Directive above mentioned to the Czech legal order (the theses is based on the text which was put to Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech republic as a parliament print no. 517/0). However previous Czech and actual European legal regulations of auditing is also mentioned.
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Mrkvová, Kateřina. "Import zdravotnických prostředků do EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76502.
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The theses is regarding at the beginning the theoretical conception of joint trading policy and tariff union, esspecially law regulations concerning with an import form third countries. As a kind of change-over of acts is an implementation of these law regulations, acting as a connected point between these regulations and theirs application. The practic sample of import of the medical device is based on the mentioned regulations with the attaching of the principles for an international purchase contract and the other juridical institutes which are regarding the case in several details. At the end of the case is enclosed also the sample of delivery of the imported goods to one of European countries as an example of intracommunitary performance.
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Efthymiou, Marina. "Challenges in aviation governance : implementation of Single European Sky and EU Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, University of West London, 2016. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/3239/.
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Traffic growth, capacity constraints, climate change and the necessity to develop a more cost efficient system led to an ambitious initiative to reform the architecture of airspace management. This initiative, launched by the European Commission (EC), is called Single European Sky (SES). The four Key Performance Areas (KPAs) of SES are environment; cost efficiency; capacity; and safety. In the environment KPA Performance Indicators for Air Navigation Services Providers (ANSPs) are established to ensure that improvement in sustainability is achieved. In addition, aviation is included in the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS): the EC sets limits on CO2 emissions and provides economic incentives to airlines to reduce emissions by establishing a market-based trading system. EU-ETS can be used to simultaneously promote economic efficiency and achieve environmental goals on a sustainable basis. The PhD research examines the existence of cancel-out effects between supply-led, i.e. SES, and demand-led management, i.e. EU ETS, policies by following a holistic approach. Environmental economics theory and industrial economics are applied to identify factors that have a significant influence on the two policies. Interestingly, and in spite of common objectives, the two schemes are governed by different bodies, which may fail to streamline their communication process. Hence, the PhD thesis also addresses the issue of governance and its possible failure regarding the full implementation and efficiency of the schemes. From a methodological perspective, Delphi is conducted in two rounds to encapsulate policy complexity at an in-depth level. The target population comprises stakeholders involved in SES and EU ETS. To select candidates purposive and snowball sampling was used. Thus, the sample consists of 39 senior managers/experts from Civil Aviation Authorities; ANSPs; aviation-related organisations and institutions; and airlines. Based on the results of the Delphi and building on its theoretical background, the PhD thesis then develops a conceptual model to address governance failure, thus effectively linking supply- to demand-oriented aviation policies in a holistic manner.
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Tunkrová, Věra. "Strukturální fondy EU: implementace a jejich dopad na ekonomiku ČR." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191790.
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During the first decade of its membership in the EU, the Czech Republic received through the EU Cohesion Policy valuable financial resources to reduce regional disparities and catch up with the economic level of the more advanced EU member states. Now, after ten years of membership in this integration group, it is time to evaluate and analyze the implementation structure of the Structural Funds in the Czech Republic, but also the impact of this instrument on the economy of our country. The aim of the doctoral dissertation is to evaluate to what extent the implementation structure of the Structural Funds in the Czech Republic meets the needs of economic and social development of the Czech Republic. The amount designated for the cohesion policy in the Czech Republic is quite high, so it is appropriate in this connection to examine the efficiency of this financial resources.
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Iosi, Alessandra. "GMO Food Safety and Regulations in the EU and the US: Analysis of the legal and scientific factors and their impact on releases." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15834/.
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Gli alimenti provenienti da Organismi Geneticamente modificati prodotti e consumati da diverse decadi negli Stati Uniti che detengono il primato per la produzione di tali beni. La tendenza statunitense si è poi propagata in altre nazioni dove produzione e consumo di OGM sono aumentati, tuttavia, l’Unione Europea che all’epoca della ricerca e dello sviluppo delle piante provenienti da tecnologie DNA-ricombinanti è stata una forte sostenitrice di questa tecnica, adesso è l’area geografica che impone più resistenza alla loro introduzione nei propri territori.
Attraverso direttive e regolamenti e con lo scopo di garantire la sicurezza dell’ambiente, delle persone e degli animali nei propri territori, l’UE applica dei criteri di sicurezza molto restrittivi, appellandosi al Principio di Precauzione. Sebbene giustificato, questo comportamento ha però un impatto negativo nell’economia di esportazione degli USA, paese in cui invece le regolamentazioni in merito sono meno stringenti.
Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di fotografare la situazione normativa attuale in EU ed USA, valutando e contestualizzando leggi e regolamenti in funzione nei rispettivi paesi, focalizzandosi sui punti critici dell’analisi del rischio quali gli allergeni e dei metodi utilizzati per la loro valutazione, di valutare le possibili conseguenze di questi comportamenti, eventualmente proponendo delle misure alternative a quelle ad oggi in atto.
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Bolan, Michael. "European Union vs. the United States: Recycling Policies and Management." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1243439695.
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Boumans, Dorine. "Explaining variation in public policy implementation : a network analysis of EU cohesion policy in Scotland." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26533.
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Networks are increasingly used by policy practitioners to implement public policy. However, evidence that network approaches to implementation are actually beneficial for policy performance is inconclusive. Only recently studies incorporate Social Network Analysis, allowing for the inclusion of specific structural network conditions and their relationship for performance. This research contributes to this growing area of study by exploring the relationship between network position and the performance of projects implemented under European Union Cohesion policy, the EU's regional policy instrument. A mixed methods approach is adopted, including quantitative analysis of all the projects and their performance - financial and physical, and semi-structured interviews. The conclusion is that the inclusion of more actors is not automatically beneficial for performance. Instead the research identifies specific conditions under which organisational actors can improve the probability of better performance.
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Máša, Vojtěch. "Vliv pracovních režimů řidičů v silniční nákladní dopravě na bezpečnost dopravy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232512.
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Working arrangements are restrictive limits for drivers important for both motor carriers and drivers. Have a major impact on the logistical arrangements of manufacturing companies that transport their goods by road. Failure to comply with these limits, is recently one of the major problems in road transport and leads to unfair competition between road hauliers. Carrier's failure to obtain such social legislation crucial competitive advantage. Recently the problem devoted much time from the perspective of politicians. States, violations of social legislation by the carrier and the driver severely punished and often the articles we read on the operating modes of drivers and their associated hazards of freight transport, road safety hazard, danger for drivers of cars. For 10 years devoted to the issue and participate in the creation of training materials on the subject of Logistics and. In my work I wanted to examine the issue of working arrangements drivers from professional point of view - how the limits are set and working arrangements whether they comply with road safety. Next, consider the statistics of accidents in the CR in relation to drivers' working arrangements and to propose changes that would contribute to the improvement of social legislation in relation to road safety.
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Petersson, Selam. "Experiences of uncertainty : Case study of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive in Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72584.
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The Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) was introduced in 2000. In implementing the WFD in Sweden expert knowledge in areas relating to the WFD was much needed resulting in establishment of national water management authorities, as the five water authorities, boarded in appointed county administrative boards across the country. As much noted in literature, uncertainties appear when implementing the WFD. Previous literature,with the exception of e.g. Raadgever et al (2011), Brugnach et al (2008) and Sigel et al (2007 and2010), has not put much focus on the types of uncertainty experienced by water management officials working with the implementation of the WFD on a daily basis. There are also few studies in Sweden, such as Gipperth & Elmgren (2010), Hammer et al (2011) and Entson & Gipperth(2010), touching upon the subject although not entirely focusing on practical experiences of uncertainty. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the types of uncertainties experienced by water management officials from: SMHI, the county administrative board in Östergötland and Bothnia Bay, the water authority in the Southern Baltic Sea district, the Northern Baltic Sea and the North Sea, as well as the SEPA. In analysing the empirical data, six types of uncertainties emerged. They showed that water management officials experienced uncertainties in interpreting the WFD e.g. recommendation and manuals from supervisory authorities, measurement techniques, the typology of water bodies, what methods to use in e.g. assessments, knowing the effects of action programmes and lack of data ordata deficiency. In combating these uncertainties, the water management officials used communication as an strategy. Furthermore, responsibility in pointing out uncertainties and ways of reducing uncertainties was also seen as ways of handling uncertainties.
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Corneliussen, Filippa. "Regulating biotechnology : a comparative study of the formation, implementation and impact of regulations controlling biotechnology firms in Scotland and Norway." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289155.
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Broman, Titti, and Dalius Sofia Strandell. "Dams in Swedish law - : An identification of the problems that can occur with the implementation of the modern environmental regulations." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254305.
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The importance of reducing people's environmental impact has become increasingly apparent since the beginning of the 21st century. According to the European Parliament, new legislation has been required to stop the deterioration of Europe's waters and to achieve "good status" for Europe's rivers, lakes and groundwater. This legislation was introduced in year 2000 under the name of The EU Water Framework Directive. The EU Water Framework Directive was first implemented in Sweden in 2004 and has since continued to be implemented through several laws. In January 2019, in Swedish law, there were requirements for modern environmental conditions on water activity, as for the production of hydroelectric power or when the business was started was intended for such production. Sweden's government has in 2018 produced a proposal for a national plan that aims to facilitate the trials of water activities in order to reach the requirements for modern environmental conditions. The problematisation of this is how the implementation of the new requirement for modern environmental conditions should take place and to see what applies if conflicts of interest arise. The essence of the essay is to lead a deeper understanding and discussion of how the requirements for modern environmental conditions can affect interested parties around Sweden. The essay is based on a knowledge base that consists of the legislation in the subject, significant legal cases and a qualitative method through various semi-structured interviews. Limitations for the essay are that it only depicts the implementation of the European Parliament's directive in the Swedish Law and interested parties who are only active in Sweden. Finally, the study shows that many problems are assumed to occur when the trials in connection with the modern environmental conditions begin. Most prominent is the application of the EU Water Directive, costs and environmental impact.<br>Vikten av att minska människors miljöpåverkan har sedan början av 2000-talet blivit allt mer påtaglig. Enligt Europaparlamentet har det krävts en ny lagstiftning för att stoppa försämringen av Europas vatten och att nå "god status" för Europas floder, sjöar och grundvatten. Denna lagstiftningen infördes år 2000 vid namnet EU:s ramdirektiv för vatten. Direktivet implementerades först i Sverige år 2004 och har sedan dess fortsatt att implementeras via ett flertal lagar. I januari 2019 tillkom i svensk lagstiftning krav om moderna miljövillkor på vattenverksamheter för produktion av vattenkraftsel eller när verksamheten påbörjades var avsedd för sådan produktion. Sveriges regering har under 2018 tagit fram ett förslag till en nationell plan som har till syfte att underlätta prövningarna av vattenverksamheter för att nå kraven om moderna miljövillkor. Problematiseringen av detta är hur implementeringen av det nya kravet om moderna miljövillkor ska ske och att ta reda på vad som gäller om intressekonflikter uppstår. Uppsatsen huvudsakliga syfte är att leda en djupare förståelse och diskussion om hur kraven om moderna miljövillkor kan påverka berörda parter runt om i Sverige. Uppsatsen bygger på en kunskapsgrund som består av lagstiftningen inom ämnet, väsentliga rättsfall och en kvalitativ metod genom olika semistrukturerade intervjuer. Avgränsningar för uppsatsen är att det endast skildrar implementering av Europaparlamentets direktiv i svensk lag samt berörda parter som endast är verksamma i Sverige. Slutligen visar studien att många problem antas uppstå när prövningarna i samband med de moderna miljövillkoren påbörjas. Mest framträdande problem är tillämpningen av EU:s ramdirektiv för vatten, kostnader och miljöpåverkan.
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Miklová, Alena. "Implementace směrnic EU v oblasti zdanění dividend se zaměřením na ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72736.
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This thesis deals with the issue of dividend taxation in the European Union. Dividends are subject to double taxation, which constitutes an obstacle to the single internal market. To remove this obstacle the Parent -- Subsidiary Directive 90/435/EEC was adopted (hereinafter "Directive"). In the thesis I described the implementation in selected European Union countries and the issues that contributed to a better functioning of the internal market and whether there are further obstacles it the internal market. I mentioned also the current harmonization steps of the institutions of the European Union. Comparative analysis of the tax treatment of selected Member States showed that there are still situations in which national legislation can come into conflict with the Directive. However, I found by calculating the effective tax rate on dividends paid from the Czech Republic to selected countries that the implementation of the Directive has contributed to a better functioning of the internal market.
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Constantinou, Angelo. "EU Acquis, international law, and local implementation : trafficking in women and the sex trade in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6458.
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Despite its long pre-existence, the issue of human trafficking (especially for sexual purposes) has become the epicentre of attention since the closing of the past century. The globe-wide attempt of politicians, academics, practitioners, technocrats, activists, and journalists to define, advocate, measure, and ‘control’ people trafficking has brought to the fore particular (re)actions. One such example is the EU and international law that aim to facilitate the legal framework within which national administrations should embark upon to ‘better deal’ with human trafficking. While EU and international law can only go so far as to lay the theoretical basis that signatory states must follow for dealing with human trafficking, ultimately, planning and implementing public policy become the prerogative of the individual state. In light of this, the central contribution of this study is the exploration of the application of EU and international law in concern with human trafficking within the Cypriot context. In other words, how EU and international law on human trafficking are applied in day-to-day interactions between state employees, civil groups, and trafficked women. For this purpose, the study examines the interpretation and application of the local legislation by the criminal justice agencies as well as the local NGOs. Notably, such undertakings are informed by past and present geopolitical and socio-economic developments that have been taking place since the British colonisation of Cyprus. Research findings (based on ethnographic fieldwork and documentary study), demonstrate that EU’s attempt to enforce legislative cohesion, common policies, and harmonised practices over the issue of human trafficking across its Member States is yet to materialise. The case of Cyprus, and at times of other EU States, are used as a paradigm in which both, the EU acquis and international law fail to impose legal prescriptions on national authorities. To illustrate, the dimensions of prevention, detection, identification, prosecution, and adjudication of human trafficking, as well as trafficking victims’ protection, rehabilitation, and repatriation are explored in piecemeal and they all testify of systemic deviations from EU and international guidelines. Both Cypriot public services and local NGOs assigned to handle human trafficking are not in a position to bear the standards laid out by the EU and the CoE. Consequently, victims of trafficking are often predisposed to adverse conditions and as a result, they are often undertreated. Moreover, it is often the case that law on paper—both EU and Cypriot— and law in practice are diametrically different.
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Hayes, Ben. "Towards an authoritarian European state? : the development and implementation of EU justice and home affairs policy." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487398.
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This thesis examines the development and implementation of EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and security policy by taking a political science approach to what is an extremely complex legal and political framework. It identifies a highly sophisticated EU security apparatus that has not been adequately described or' explained by contemporary theories of European integration or the concept of 'multi-level governance' . Instead, the thesis draws on critical theories of the state and globalisation to contextualise and explain the EU state apparatus. The research provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development of EU JHA and security policy, the distribution of executive and political power and the EU decisionmaking process, immigration and asylum policy, police and judicial cooperation, frameworks for surveillance and social control, and the EU's external security policy. Three crucial, interrelated questions are considered throughout. First, what are the implications of EU JHA security policy for the people of Europe; how does EU law and practice affect their human rights and civil liberties? Second, to what extent are these measures subject to democratic and judicial control; how are they accountable to the public? Third, do the structures and policies adopted and pursued by the EU match its stated values and principles; are they legitimate in a democratic society? The findings challenge benign assumptions about the EU by exposing a repressive immigration regime that has continued to strip migrants and refugees of their human rights, an overbroad EU criminal law that undermines judicial safeguards, the imposition of a 'surveillance society' in which state intrusions into private life are no longer regulated by the judiq:olry, and a foreign policy based increasingly on neocolonial rule. The thesis offers a number of stark warnings and recommendations for engagement with an increasingly authoritarian European state.