Dissertationen: „Impact and priority“

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Brodie, Lindsey. „Impact estimation : IT priority decisions“. Thesis, Middlesex University, 2015. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/18408/.

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Given resource constraints, prioritization is a fundamental process within systems engineering to decide what to implement. However, there is little guidance about this process and existing IT prioritization methods have several problems, including failing to adequately cater for stakeholder value. In response to these issues, this research proposes an extension to an existing prioritization method, Impact Estimation (IE) to create Value Impact Estimation (VIE). VIE extends IE to cater for multiple stakeholder viewpoints and to move towards better capture of explicit stakeholder value. The use of metrics offers VIE the means of expressing stakeholder value that relates directly to real world data and so is informative to stakeholders and decision makers. Having been derived from prioritization factors found in the literature, stakeholder value has been developed into a multi-dimensional, composite concept, associated with other fundamental system concepts: objectives, requirements, designs, increment plans, increment deliverables and system contexts. VIE supports the prioritization process by showing where the stakeholder value resides for the proposed system changes. The prioritization method was proven to work by exposing it to three live projects, which served as case studies to this research. The use of the extended prioritization method was seen as very beneficial. Based on the three case studies, it is possible to say that the method produces two major benefits: the calculation of the stakeholder value to cost ratios (a form of ROI) and the system understanding gained through creating the VIE table.

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Rachmawati, Titi Sari Nurul. „Impact of Priority and Protected Areas on Deforestation in Brazilian Legal Amazon“. Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232705.

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Legal Amazon, the Brazilian region where much of the global tropical forest is located, has suffered from rapid deforestation for decades, undermining the provision of ecosystem services and the conservation of biodiversity on local and global scales. In order to prevent deforestation, the Brazilian government has established priority and protected areas to ensure the preservation of high biodiversity areas and ecosystem services. This study analyses whether the establishment of priority and protected areas have an impact in preventing deforestation, thus promoting biodiversity and ecosystem services. Furthermore, this study also analyses the extent to which deforestation affects priority areas for biodiversity conservation. Deforestation datasets from 2001 to 2014 of the Legal Amazon was processed and analyzed. The total area and density of deforestation were compared across three categories of land: (1) protected priority areas, (2) unprotected priority areas, and (3) non-priority areas. Spatial methods of geoprocessing and the statistical method one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the deforestation trends. As a result, the deforestation density was found to be lowest inside protected areas than in unprotected areas and non-priority areas. This implied that land-use restrictions in protected areas had more impact compared to unprotected areas and non-priority areas. Furthermore, deforestation has been more intensive in regions of lower biodiversity importance. Despite this positive evaluation, substantial tracts of forest had been converted within regions of high biodiversity importance. Therefore, the regulation of priority and protected areas must be evaluated and improved in the future.
Den brasilianska regionen Legal Amazon, där mycket av den globala andelen av tropisk skog ligger, har drabbats av snabb avskogning i årtionden, vilket underminerar tillhandahållandet av ekosystemtjänster och bevarandet av den biologiska mångfalden både på lokal och global skala. För att förhindra avskogning har den brasilianska regeringen etablerat prioriterade och skyddade områden för att säkerställa bevarandet av områden med hög biologisk mångfald och ekosystemtjänster. Denna studie analyserar huruvida etableringen av prioriterade och skyddade områden påverkar förebyggandet av denna avskogning. Dessutom analyserar denna undersökning också hur omfattningen av avskogningen påverkar prioriterade områden för bevarande av biologisk mångfald. Avskogningsdata från 2001 till 2014 i Legal Amazon bearbetades och analyserades. Total areal och densitet av avskogningen jämfördes mellan tre kategorier av mark: (1) skyddade prioriterade områden, (2) oskyddade prioriterade områden och (3) icke prioriterade områden. Rumsliga metoder för bearbetning och den statistiska metoden envägs-ANOVA användes för att analysera avskogningstrenderna. Resultaten visar att avskogningstätheten var lägst inom skyddade områden jämfört med oskyddade områden och icke-prioriterade områden. Det innebär att markanvändningsbegränsningar i skyddade områden har haft större inverkan jämfört med oskyddade områden och icke prioriterade områden. Vidare har avskogningen varit mer intensiv i områden med lägre värden för biologisk mångfald. Trots denna positiva utvärdering hade ett betydande skogsområde omvandlats inom områden med höga värden för biologisk mångfald. Därför måste regleringen av prioriterade och skyddade områden utvärderas och förbättras i framtiden.

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Dionne, Francois. „Identifying disinvestment options to increase the impact of priority setting in health care organizations“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30116.

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Choices about what to fund and what not to fund are necessary in health care because claims on resources always exceed those available. Moreover, the choices faced by decision-makers are often between or amongst a wide range of difficult to compare programs or interventions. It is no surprise, then, that processes that inform those choices are of considerable interest. Yet, we know that existing priority setting processes have found limited practical use and when used, are rarely used to their full potential. The objective of the current research was to produce new knowledge that would facilitate the use of formal priority setting processes in decision-making on resource allocation in health care. Based on a detailed review of the literature, a decision was made to focus on one particular aspect of priority setting in health care that has long been recognized as a significant barrier to the successful implementation of priority setting processes: the identification of disinvestment options. Building on initial exploratory research, a proposed procedural change to the Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA) priority setting process was designed to address challenges in identifying disinvestment options. The proposed procedural change was then evaluated in a case study as part of a real-world priority setting exercise. The key finding of this research project was that adding a step -- that focused on the determination and communication of acceptable service reductions, at the outset of process implementation -- to the standard PBMA process, has the potential to assist in ‘disarming’ organizational incentives that have been found to work against the identification of disinvestment options. This key finding is of critical importance because without practical disinvestment options, priority setting processes are likely to have limited impact on decision-making and therefore limited practical appeal. Further, without formal, structured priority setting processes that actually work in practice, resource allocation decisions will continue to follow historical patterns, leading to incremental growth without explicit consideration of return on investment. As such, this study makes a novel contribution to the literature in an area that is highly relevant to the everyday challenges faced by health care decision-makers.

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De, Beer Lourens Retief. „Modelling the impact of priority infrastructure on the performance of the minibus taxi services in Southern Africa“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73278.

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The minibus taxi industry has grown from a modest provider of public transportation to the largest supplier to the urban public. Attempts have been made by government to regulate, integrate, and upgrade this sector but such efforts have been met with varying levels of success. Taxi drivers face immense pressure from passengers and the taxi industry to increase their performance which leads to hostile driving behaviour and often fatal accidents on the road. Transit priority measures, which are techniques used to reduce delays for buses or other forms of public transport on congested roads, have been used to advance the quality of service of buses and BRT vehicles but have not been extended to include the paratransit industry. The purpose of the study is to quantify the economic impact that these forms of infrastructure would have on minibus taxi operators, passengers, and other road users. The various forms of infrastructure were modelled to represent conditions in various parts of the city where frequent stops to load and offload passengers take place. Four alternative service options to the traditional curb-side stop were identified which included a queue-jumping lane, a queue-bypass lane, a single lane pre-signal strategy, and a dedicated minibus taxi lane. Five analytical models were developed, based on macroscopic traffic flow theory, using Excel, to gain a strategic understanding of how the benefits and costs of the infrastructure vary with different traffic conditions. It was observed that all the infrastructure alternatives result in a decrease in travel time, user cost, operating cost, and the total cost per trip for the minibus taxis. Pertaining to the car drivers, a decrease in travel time and total cost was observed because of the reduced delay due to taxi stops no longer impeding traffic. Environmentally, a reduction in harmful gas emissions was noted, particularly in the case of the minibus taxis. The single lane pre-signal strategy and the queue-jumping lane fared the best out of the five options with the lowest travel times and overall cost per hour, resulting in a decrease in total hourly cost of 56%, which consists of construction cost, user cost, and operating cost. A low-cost, commercially available drone was used to monitor the traffic behaviour of minibus taxis on a selected road segment in Pretoria in order to determine the applicability and suitability of the various infrastructure forms. It was observed that the drivers often try to cut corners and skip traffic to save time during peak traffic scenarios. In two cases driving patterns like the case modeled for the queue-jumping lane were displayed cutting time off the drivers’ trip. It was also observed that there is a shortage of infrastructure for minibus taxi operators to pick up and drop off passengers often resulting in them making informal stops that cause congestion. The time passengers save on their often-long travel distances would go a long way to redress the transportation injustices of the past. The monthly savings of over R32 000,00 per taxi driver in operating cost would serve as a subsidy to a public transportation industry currently operating unaided. It was concluded that implementing such significant changes in the public transport industry in South Africa would be equivalent to providing minibus taxi operators with much needed financial support.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Centre for Transport Development
Civil Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted

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Casturi, Ramakrishna. „A Macroscopic Model for Evaluating the Impact of Emergency Vehicle Signla Preemption on Traffic“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32403.

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In the past, the study of Emergency Vehicle (EV) signal preemption has been mostly done using field studies. None of the simulation models that are currently commercially available have the capability to model the presence of EVs and simulate the traffic dynamics of the vehicles surrounding them. This study presents a macroscopic traffic model for examining the effect of signal preemption for EVs on traffic control measures, roadway capacity, and delays incurred to the vehicles on the side streets. The model is based on the cell transmission model, which is consistent with the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow. A special component, in the form of a moving bottleneck that handles the traffic dynamics associated with the presence of EVs, was developed in the model. Several test scenarios were constructed to demonstrate the capabilities of the model for studying the impact of signal preemption on an arterial with multiple intersections under various traffic demand levels and varying frequencies of the arrival of EVs. Performance measures, such as average vehicle delay, maximum delay, and standard deviation of delay to traffic on all approaches, were obtained. An additional advantage of the model, apart from the capability to model EVs, is that the state-space equations used in the model can be easily incorporated into a mathematical programming problem. By coupling with a desired objective function, the model can be solved analytically. Optimal solutions can be generated to obtain insights into the development of traffic control strategies in the presence of EVs.
Master of Science

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HIGHLEY, THOMAS ALLEN. „ADVISORY CASE STUDY: IMPACT OF WEB BASED RESOURCES ON ADVISOR ACCEPTANCE AND PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029524338.

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Metin, Huseyin. „Assessing Impacts Of The European Framework Programme On Turkish Participants: A Case Study On Fp6 Ist Priority“. Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612283/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to assess impacts of European Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP) on Turkish participants, focusing on Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) Information Society Technologies (IST) priority. A two-sided approach was employed while assessing impacts. First, DELPHI method was used to quantify and prioritise expectations of the decision makers in key stakeholders
second, a survey was designed to measure additionalities and the level of achievements of program participants. Scientific and technological impacts, economic impacts, institutional impacts and impacts on collaboration and sectoral knowledge were questioned as four main impact criteria. It is demonstrated in survey results that, significantly high levels of impacts were achieved in scientific and technological impacts and impacts on collaborations and development of sectoral knowledge. Nonetheless, economic impacts were noted to be lowest among all impact factors. Level of impacts were tested for different control factors including project instrument, organization type, project activity, project role and received grant. Project role was proved to be the most important control factor affecting the level of impact. It is presented in comparison of decision makers&rsquo
expectations and participants&rsquo
achievements that, decision makers&rsquo
expectations were mostly satisfied by participants except for economic impacts. Turkish participants in FP6 IST field had significant impacts in three out of four main impact factors. Moreover, decision makers expectations were highly satisfied except for economic impact factors. The results of this study, relying on the assessed impacts of FP6 IST field, support Turkey&rsquo
s participation in forthcoming FPs.

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Haywood, Danette. „Survey of Health Effects among Residents Adjacent to a National Priority List Site in Ssouthwest Virginia“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/852.

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The Saltville Waste Disposal Site is a National Priority List site used during the 77- year operation (1895–1972) of an electrolytic chlorine and caustic soda plant. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine disease prevalence among Saltville Medical Center (SMC) patients. Diseases associated with chronic exposures to mercury, arsenic, and lead were reviewed in patient records and these data were analyzed. Ratios of illness observed at the SMC were compared to health studies of similar environmental exposures and disease prevalence among residents of neighboring communities. Prevalence ratios were calculated for residents and non-residents of Saltville who were SMC patients. Saltville residence accounted for a higher risk of developing the targeted diseases (odds ratio=1.68, 95% confidence interval (1.54, 1.82)). Increased risk was among patients aged 31-45 years; with a history of smoking; and family history of the same disease.

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Silva, Ana Helena Soares da. „Identificação de riscos em sistema de cria em pecuária de corte“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179148.

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O trabalho identificou e priorizou por impacto os principais riscos do sistema de cria em pecuária de corte, a partir da percepção de produtores rurais da microrregião da Campanha Meridional, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para a priorização foram utilizados os métodos de análise qualitativa, matriz ranking, árvore de problema e processo de análise hierárquica (AHP). Com a identificação foram priorizados 45 riscos e classificados quanto a sua origem e natureza, organizados dentro de nove grupos de acordo com a orientação de consultores públicos e privados, acadêmicos e pela literatura. Os baixos índices reprodutivos e a lotação em excesso foram identificados como os riscos mais impactantes no retorno econômico da atividade de cria. Com relação à probabilidade de ocorrência as péssimas condições das estradas, a lotação em excesso e o desbalanço do fluxo de caixa da empresa rural foram identificados como riscos mais ocorrentes. A taxa de desmame (TD) obteve maior peso de importância na análise hierárquica, o que significa que os produtores avaliam a TD, em relações a outros riscos, como a mais influente no retorno econômico da atividade. A identificação e a priorização dos riscos auxiliam na tomada de decisão do produtor rural por apresentar a dimensão do impacto, probabilidade e dependência do risco no sistema, dessa forma contribui para ações futuras de mitigação ou exclusão dos riscos com finalidade de evitar ou minimizar as perdas produtivas e econômicas da produção.
The study identified and prioritized according to its impact the main risks for the cow-calf system in beef cattle production based on the observation of farmers in the region of the Southern Campanha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In order to prioritize, the methods of qualitative analysis were used, ranking matrix, problem tree and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Together with the identification, 45 risks were prioritized and classified according to their origin and nature, divided into nine groups by both the public and private experts, academic consultants’ opinion and literature. Low reproductive rates and high stocking rate were identified as the ones with higher impact over the economic results in the cow-calf system activity. The badly maintained roads, high stocking rate and the unbalance of the rural company cash flow were appointed as most probable risk factors. Weaning rate (WR) was the strongest factor in the hierarchical analysis, which means that producers evaluate the WR in relation to other risk factors as the most influential in the economical return of that activity. Identification and prioritization of risk factors help farmers to decide to present the impact range, probability and dependence of risk in the system, thus contributing to future mitigation actions or risk exclusion, in order to avoid or to minimize production and/or economical losses.

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Cornelissen, Evelyn Constance. „Implementing a rational priority setting approach in community care in the Interior Health Authority: assessing fit, evaluating implementation, and determining impact“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43394.

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Background: Priority setting approaches assist decision makers in choosing between various resource demands. One approach, Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA), supports decision makers to explicitly assess how resources can be used to maximize overall benefit from diverse service delivery options. Previous PBMA work establishes its efficacy (i.e., it can work) and also indicates that contextual factors complicate priority setting which can hamper PBMA effectiveness (i.e., whether it does actually work) in some settings. Methods: Using action research, researchers supported decision makers with implementing PBMA in a community care portfolio. Data were collected through semi-structured participant interviews (twenty pre-PBMA; twelve post year-1; nine post year-2), a pre-PBMA focus group (n=4), meeting attendance over three years, and document review. The interviews and focus group were transcribed. Data were analyzed using a constant comparison technique to explore PBMA effectiveness and implementation. Results: Fit emerged as a key theme in determining PBMA adoption and effectiveness. Here, fit refers to being of suitable quality and form to meet the end-users’ intended purposes and needs, and includes desirability, acceptability, and usability dimensions. Results confirm decision maker desire for rational approaches like PBMA. However, for several contextual reasons, most participants indicated that the timing and form in which PBMA was applied were not well-suited for this study. Their degree of acceptance of and buy-in to PBMA changed during the study: a leadership change, limited organizational commitment, and concerns with organizational capacity were key barriers to PBMA adoption. We found that adoption depended on contextual readiness and capacity, and that initial PBMA goals should include ensuring high-level commitment and moving toward more rational and evidence-informed decision making in general. Conclusions: These findings suggest that adding a contextual readiness/capacity assessment stage to PBMA, recognizing organizational complexity, and considering incremental PBMA adoption may help to improve PBMA’s effectiveness in some contexts. Based on these findings, tactics are suggested to more closely align PBMA with real-world priority setting practice. These suggestions may facilitate greater adoption, especially in contexts experiencing difficulty implementing PBMA. These insights may help in better understanding and working with priority setting conditions to advance evidence-informed decision making.

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Zhang, Haibo. „Analysis of the Chinese college admission system“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4463.

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This thesis focuses on the problems of the Chinese University Admission (CUA) system. Within the field of education, the system of university admissions involves all of Chinese society and causes much concern amongst all social classes. University admissions have been researched since the middle of last century as an issue which has economic impact. However, little attention has been paid to the CUA system from the perspective of economics. This thesis explores a number of interesting aspects of the system. As a special case of the priority-based matching mechanism, the CUA system shares most properties of the Boston Mechanism, which is another example of a priority-based matching mechanism. But it also has some unique and interesting characteristics. The first chapter will introduce the main principles of the CUA system in detail and discuss stability, efficiency, strategy-proofness, and other properties under different informational assumptions. There is a heated debate about whether the CUA system should be abandoned or not. Educational corruption is one of the issues that have been raised. Corruption is a major issue of the CUA system as well as university admission systems in other areas in the world, e.g. India, Russia, etc. We contrast the performance of markets and exams under the assumption that there exists corruption in the admission process. The problem will be analyzed under perfect capital markets and also under borrowing constraints. We use auction theory to obtain equilibria of the market system and the exam system and analyse the effects of corruption on the efficiency of the two systems. We conclude that the exam system is superior to the market system if we only consider the issue of corruption. In the third chapter, we construct a model to reveal the forces that positively sort students into different quality universities in a free choice system under assumptions of supermodular utility and production functions. Given a distribution of student ability and resources, we analyse the planner's decisions on the number of universities and the design of the "task level" for each university, as well as the allocation of resources between universities. Students gain from completing requirements (tasks) in universities, while having to incur costs of exerting effort. In contrast to previous literature, our model includes qualifications as well as cost in the student's utility function, and educational outputs depend on qualification, ability and resources per capita. Our main focus is on the design of task levels. Our result differs from the literature as regards the optimal number of colleges. A zero fixed cost of establishing new colleges does not necessarily result in perfect tailoring of tasks to students. Furthermore, if the fixed cost is not zero, then the planner has to take fixed costs into account when deciding the number of universities.

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Kinsler, Angela V. „The Perceived Impact of No Child Left Behind on Third- through Fifth-Grade Elementary Science Classrooms“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2186.

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The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived impact of No Child Left Behind on elementary science classrooms in 3 Northeast Tennessee school districts. Quantitative descriptive methodology was used to document how No Child Left Behind impacts instructional methodology, professional development, administrative support, materials and resources, and assessment in 3rd through 5th grades. Data were collected using a survey developed by the researcher. The survey consisted of a demographic section, 28 statements, and 2 open-ended questions. The 51 participants included elementary-school science teachers in 8 schools in 3 upper East Tennessee school districts. Data analysis was based on the following demographics: differing levels of teaching experience, No Child Left Behind school status, and small and large schools. Findings included: The 3 greatest concerns of the impact of the No Child Left Behind Act were the pressures felt by teachers to increase test scores, the manner in which it impacted at-risk or disadvantaged students, and the lack of inservice, specifically for science. Findings also revealed that low- scoring schools or grades were receiving extra assistance and teachers reported they feel that their school or district fosters and supports change. An analysis of the open-ended questions emphasized the stress teachers reported feeling along with the loss of science instruction time to math and language arts.

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Lücke, Marc-Olivier [Verfasser], Markus [Gutachter] Rudolf und Christian [Gutachter] Koziol. „Jurisdiction, deviations from absolute priority, and their impact on the valuation of defaulted securities / Marc-Olivier Lücke. Gutachter: Markus Rudolf ; Christian Koziol“. Vallendar : WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113538228/34.

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Mollel, Lekinyi N. „Impact of debt relief on fiscal allocation to social priority sectors and response of social indicators in the HIPCs : a case study of Tanzania“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14725.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-65).
External debt burden has been viewed as one of the key impediments to economic growth and a cause of widespread poverty in the Heavily lndebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). To join efforts of the HIPCs in ï¬ ghting poverty, the international donor community granted substantial debt relief through different initiatives including among others; unilateral bilateral agreements, the Paris Club Agreements, debt buyback schemes, the I-IIPC Initiative and its successor, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). All these initiatives were expected to increase public spending in social priority sectors and ultimately reduce poverty incidence in the HIPC-s. This study assesses, firstly whether the debt relief has helped to increase Government spending on education and health sectors in Tanzania and, secondly, whether increased ï¬ scal spending on the sectors has translated into improvement in the primary and secondary school enrollments and life expectancy. A system of structural equations is estimated within a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework. The ï¬ ndings suggest increases in Government expenditure on education and health through debt relief. Primary and secondary school enrolments improve with increased Government spending on education and health. Institutional quality is found to be signiï¬ cant in determining education spending and educational indicators. However, life expectancy was not found to respond to public Spending, possibly due to the inherent gestation period in health related indicators and quality of data used. Nevertheless, the ï¬ ndings, though based on short-run series, give an insight that in the long-run, the cumulative effects of debt relief can contribute towards successes in the ï¬ ght against poverty and ultimately attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS).

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Roumy, Mathieu. „Modélisation et pilotage des capacités d’Innovation organisationnelle pour favoriser la capacité d’Innovation de la grande entreprise, cas d’étude : SNCF Réseau“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0127.

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Les grandes entreprises évoluent dans un environnement social, climatique, économique et désormais sanitaire, complexe et incertain qui remet en cause le déterminisme mécanique et la logique cartésienne. A cela, s’ajoute une 4ème révolution industrielle. Pour survivre, elles doivent donc évoluer et accroitre leur capacité d’innovation. La majorité des études existantes se sont alors concentrées sur l’innovation technologique, négligeant la dimension non technologique de l’innovation, couramment nommée : « innovation organisationnelle ». Pourtant, cette dernière permet aux grandes entreprises de prendre en compte un ensemble de facteurs qui favorisent leur capacité d’innovation et l’ancre dans leurs routines. L’objectif est alors, grâce à une approche systémique et transdisciplinaire, d’identifier ces facteurs, que nous nommons « capacités d’Innovation Organisationnelle ». Elles regroupent les capacités dynamiques de l’entreprise ainsi que les antécédents de l’innovation organisationnelle. En effet, bien souvent l’innovation non technologique est perçue comme un concept flou et hétéroclite. Il apparait donc nécessaire de doter les entreprises de modèles, méthodes et d’outils qui permettent de rendre le concept concret et opérationnel. Néanmoins, de nos jours, la modélisation d’entreprise présente des limites pour d’une part, la représentation d’une grande entreprise que nous assimilons à un système« Organique » sociotechnique complexe et ouvert et d’autre part pour la représentation et pilotage des capacités d’Innovation Organisationnelle. Ainsi, dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE avec l’entreprise SNCF Réseau, le laboratoire IMS de l’Université de Bordeaux et le laboratoire Icube de l’Université de Strasbourg, nous proposons un cadre conceptuel de la grande entreprise, de l’innovation organisationnelle ainsi qu’une démarche d’analyse et de préconisation des capacités d’Innovation Organisationnelle, basée sur notre propre modèle de l’innovation organisationnelle pour une grande entreprise.Ce travail de thèse a donc abouti à l’élaboration d’un méta-modèle qui permet à la grande entreprise d’avoir une vision systémique d’elle-même dans le but d’améliorer sa capacité d’innovation. Le modèle se compose de trois systèmes « Organisation-Territoire- Réseau d’acteurs, » et permet de mettre en évidence les capacités d’Innovation Organisationnelle au sein des systèmes dans une logique de caractérisation et de pilotage de celles-ci notamment grâce à l’évaluation de leurs impacts et de leurs priorités. Notre démarche repose sur une étude de cas basée sur une méthodologie quantitative multicritères.Au final, cette thèse est à l’origine de plusieurs contributions. Tout d’abord, le décloisonnement des sciences nous permet d’étudier les antécédents de l’innovation organisationnelle liées au territoire, et aux réseaux d’acteurs, au-delà des approches classiques qui privilégient en général les antécédents internes à l’organisation. Ensuite, nous concédons une place centrale aux dimensions humaines et sociales qui s’avèrent essentielles tout comme l’est une meilleure compréhension de leurs interactions à la fois formelles et informelles (ex : culture d’entreprise, climat social, connaissances, leadership…). Enfin, l’étude de l’impact des capacités d’Innovation Organisationnelle que nous proposons n’a jamais été réalisée auparavant pour une grande entreprise (des travaux sur les PME existent). Ainsi, la capacité d’innovation d’une grande entreprise est dépendante des interactions entre le territoire, les systèmes qui le composent, ses réseaux d’acteurs et les systèmes socio technique de l’organisation. Ces résultats débouchent sur des recommandations pour un meilleur pilotage des capacités d’Innovation Organisationnelle favorisant la capacité d’Innovation qui s’ancre dans la culture de l’entreprise
Large companies evolve in a complex and uncertain social, climatic, economic and now health environment that challenges mechanical determinism and Cartesian logic. In addition, there is a 4th industrial revolution. To survive, they must evolve and increase their capacity for innovation. Most existing studies have focused on technological innovation, neglecting the non-technological dimension of innovation, commonly called "organizational innovation". However, the latter allows large companies to take into account a set of factors that promote their capacity for innovation and anchor it in their routines. The objective is then, thanks to a systemic and transdisciplinary approach, to identify these factors, which we call "Organizational Innovation capabilities". They include the dynamic capabilities of the company as well as the antecedents of organizational innovation. Indeed, non-technological innovation is often perceived as a vague and heterogeneous concept. It is therefore necessary to provide companies with models, methods and tools that make the concept concrete and operational. Nevertheless, nowadays, enterprise modeling has its limits for, on the one hand, the representation of a large enterprise that we assimilate to a complex and open "organic" socio-technical system and, on the other hand, for the representation and management of Organizational Innovation capacities. Thus, within the framework of a CIFRE agreement with the company SNCF Réseau, the IMS laboratory of the University of Bordeaux and the Icube laboratory of the University of Strasbourg, we propose a conceptual framework of the large company, of organizational innovation as well as an approach of analysis and recommendation of the capacities of Organizational Innovation, based on our own model of the organizational innovation for a large company This thesis work has therefore led to the development of a meta-model that allows the large company to have a systemic vision of itself in order to improve its innovation capacity. The model is composed of three systems "Organization-Territory-Network of actors," and makes it possible to highlight the capacities of Organizational Innovation within the systems in a logic of characterization and piloting of those in particular thanks to the evaluation of their impacts and their priorities. Our approach is based on a case study using a quantitative multi-criteria methodology. In the end, this thesis is the source of several contributions. First, the decompartmentalization of sciences allows us to study the antecedents of organizational innovation linked to the territory and to the networks of actors, beyond the classical approaches that generally privilege the internal antecedents of the organization. Secondly, we give a central place to human and social dimensions, which are essential, as is a better understanding of their interactions, both formal and informal (e.g. corporate culture, social climate, knowledge, leadership, etc.). Finally, the study of the impact of Organizational Innovation capabilities that we propose has never been done before for a large company (work on SMEs exists). Thus, the innovation capacity of a large company is dependent on the interactions between the territory, the systems that make it up, its networks of actors and the socio-technical systems of the organization. These results lead to recommendations for a better management of the organizational innovation capacity that is anchored in the company's culture

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Zhang, Jing. „Evaluating the environmental impacts of bus priority strategies at traffic signals“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/333204/.

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Buses, the main form of public transport in many urban areas, are considered as an efficient and environmentally friendly transport mode because of their high passenger capacity. The concept of bus priority was originally proposed to protect buses from urban traffic congestion so that buses can be perceived as a faster mode than private cars. One such measure which is expanding in extent and sophistication is bus priority at traffic signals – or Bus Signal Priority (BSP) Strategies. The previous research on BSP has mostly focused on its effectiveness on improving bus efficiency and bus regularity/punctuality, as well as the impacts on general traffic. However the potential environmental impacts that could be caused by BSP have not been studied, particularly on emissions - despite this being an increasingly important criterion in transport assessments. For bus priority implementations this could be particularly important, if the small disbenefits to a large number of the nonpriority vehicles outweigh the benefits to buses. This lack of knowledge and potential concern has been the main motivation for this research. The thesis sets out a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art BSP systems and evaluation approaches. It revealed that microscopic traffic simulation models are the most appropriate approach for this study with the ability to model different BSP strategies in various user-defined scenarios. The Aimsun model was selected after review and comparison. From the review on the measurement and modelling approaches for transport related emissions, instantaneous emission models were found to be able to estimate emission behaviour by relating emission rates to vehicle operation during a series of short time intervals (often one second) and for a small scale. This was required by this study as at junction areas emissions could be dominated by vehicle operational modes where the traditionally ‘average speed’ models were unable to accurately capture the emission variations. The dynamic and individual-oriented features of microsimulation models and instantaneous emission models enabled their integration at various spatial and temporal levels and at different levels of vehicle aggregation. After calibration and validation to some critical parameters in Aimsun, a signalised junction under VA control was set up, and two BSP strategies were modelled, - one including green extension and early green recall facilities and the other one including additional compensation and inhibition facilities. These strategies were applied to 18 typical scenarios, involving variables of ‘degree of saturation’, traffic flows and bus flows. The results illustrated the importance of strategy optimising in the more challenging conditions of junctions operating under high degrees of saturation and /or high bus flows. The worst-case scenario was in heavy traffic conditions with high bus flows and BSP on the minor road only, when emissions could increase by about 10%. Under a free flow condition implementing BSP on the main road is an environmentally friendly measure with emissions reductions of up to 6%.The thesis also describes a method to value emissions in monetary terms, so that operational and emissions impacts can be compared in common units. Application of this method indicated that the impact of emissions is much smaller than that for delay/journey time impacts, though some under-estimation in emissions valuation is suspected.

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Gualberto, Renato Heneine. „An analysis of the impact of the Priority Club Rewards programme on the Crowne Plaza Auckland Hotel's revenue development performance a thesis is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Hospitality Management (MIHM), 2007 /“. Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/103.

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Chang, James. „Evaluation of Service Reliability Impacts of Traffic Signal Priority Strategies for Bus Transit“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29367.

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Recent progress in technology has facilitated the design, testing, and deployment of traffic signal priority strategies for transit buses. However, a clear consensus has not emerged regarding the evaluation of these strategies. Each agency implementing these strategies can have differing goals, and there are often conflicting issues, needs, and concerns among the various stakeholders. This research attempts to assist in the evaluation of such strategies by presenting an evaluation framework and plan that provides a systematic method to assess potential impacts. The results of the research include the development of specific measures corresponding to particular objectives, with descriptions to facilitate their use by agencies evaluating traffic signal priority. The use of this framework and plan is illustrated on the Columbia Pike corridor in Arlington, Virginia with the use of the INTEGRATION simulation package. In building upon prior efforts on this corridor, this work presents a method of simulating conditional granting of priority to late buses in an attempt to investigate the impacts of priority on service reliability. Using the measures developed in this research, statistically significant improvements of 3.2% were found for bus service reliability and 0.9% for bus efficiency, while negative other traffic-related impacts were found in the form of increases in overall delay to the corridor of 1.0% on a vehicle basis or 0.6% on a person basis. Areas identified for future research include extensions to INTEGRATION to permit consideration of real-time conditional priority, further exploration of the relationship between components of bus travel times, and examination of the role of passenger loads on priority operation and impacts.
Ph. D.

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Vegh, Tracie L. „Teacher Perceptions of Fourth-Grade Students' Social Studies Readiness“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1522750633659093.

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Kamdar, Vaibhavi Killol. „Evaluating the Transit Signal Priority Impacts along the U.S. 1 Corridor in Northern Verginia“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30845.

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Heavy traffic volumes in peak hours accompanied by closely located signalized intersections and nearside bus stops on U.S. 1, result in congestion and traffic delays that bus transit may be able to alleviate to some extent. The capital investment and operating costs of other transit solutions such as â Bus Rapid Transitâ and â Heavy Rail Transitâ projects were found to be cost prohibitive compared to bus transit signal priority (TSP) options. Successful implementation of a limited TSP pilot project led local authorities to conclude that TSP should be extended to the full length of the Fairfax Connector bus routes on U.S. 1. This research focused on testing the impacts of a ten second green extension priority strategy for all the northbound transit buses in the morning peak period at twenty-six signalized intersections along U.S. 1. A micro simulation model VISSIM 3.7 was used to analyze the impacts of TSP. The simulation analysis indicates that the Fairfax Connector buses might benefit from the green extension strategy. Overall, improvements of up to 4% for transit travel time savings and 5-13% reduction in control delay for transit vehicles were observed. Considering all side street traffic, the total increase in maximum queue length might be up to 1.23%. Future research possibilities proposed include the evaluation of different priority strategies such as an early green, red truncation and queue jumps. Impacts of using a dedicated lane for transit buses along with TSP can also be evaluated. Conditional transit signal priority may also include bus occupancy levels and bus latenesses.
Master of Science

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Tapia, Armijos María Fernanda [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Holger [Gutachter] Kreft, Dirk [Gutachter] Gansert und Erwin [Gutachter] Bergmeier. „Definition of areas with high conservation priority in Southern Ecuador – An approach combining spatial and temporal patterns of deforestation and human impact with endemic plant diversity : Deforestation and forest fragmentation in South Ecuador since the 1970s – losing a hotspot of biodiversity / María Fernanda Tapia Armijos ; Gutachter: Holger Kreft, Dirk Gansert, Erwin Bergmeier ; Betreuer: Christoph Leuschner“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117908518/34.

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22

Sheffield, Michael Harmon. „Impacts of Changing the Transit Signal Priority Requesting Threshold on Bus Performance and General Traffic: A Sensitivity Analysis“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8521.

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A sensitivity analysis was performed on the transit signal priority (TSP) requesting threshold to evaluate its impact on bus performance and general traffic. Two distinct bus routes were evaluated to determine the optimal requesting threshold that would balance the positive impacts on bus performance with the negative impacts on general traffic. Route 217, a conventional bus route, and the Utah Valley Express (UVX), a bus rapid transit line, utilize a dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)-based TSP system as part of their normal, day-to-day operations. Using field-generated data exclusively, bus performance and general traffic were evaluated over a 7-month period from February through August 2019. Bus performance was evaluated through on-time performance (OTP), schedule deviation, travel time, and dwell time, while the traffic analysis was performed by evaluating split failure, change in green time, and the frequency at which TSP was served. The requesting thresholds evaluated for Route 217 were 5-, 3-, 2-, and 0-minutes, which stipulate how far behind schedule the bus must be in order to request TSP. For UVX, 5-minutes and 2-minutes, as well as ON and OFF scenarios were evaluated; ON meant the buses were always requesting regardless of how late they were, while OFF meant that no requests were made and operations would be as if there were no TSP at all. A combination of observational and statistical analyses concluded with convincing evidence that OTP, schedule deviation, and travel time improve as the requesting threshold approaches zero with negligible impacts to general traffic. For Route 217, as the requesting threshold changed from 3, to 2, to 0 minutes, OTP increased 2.0 and 2.5 percent, respectively, mean schedule deviation improved 15.9 and 20.9 seconds, respectively, and travel time decreased at 72 percent of timepoints. Meanwhile, negative impacts to traffic occurred if an increase in split failure was measured after TSP was served, a phenomenon observed a maximum of once every 43 minutes. For UVX, as the requesting threshold changed from 5, to 2 minutes, to ON, OTP increased 7.6 and 4.7 percent, respectively, mean schedule deviation improved 24.3 and 15.0 seconds, respectively, and travel time decreased between 72 percent of timepoints. Thus, it is concluded that under the TSP system as implemented, bus performance improves as the requesting threshold approaches zero with inconsequential impacts to general traffic.

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Al-Mudhaffar, Azhar. „Impacts of Traffic Signal Control Strategies“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Division of transports and logistics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4268.

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Deshpande, Vinit Vinod. „Evaluating the Impacts of Transit Signal Priority Strategies on Traffic Flow Characteristics:Case Study along U.S.1, Fairfax County, Virginia“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31319.

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Transportation engineers and planners worldwide are faced with the challenge of improving transit services in urban areas using low cost means. Transit signal priority is considered to be an effective way to improve transit service reliability and efficiency. In light of the interest in testing and deploying transit signal priority on a major arterial in Northern Virginia, this research focuses on the impacts of transit signal priority in the U.S.1 corridor in Fairfax County in terms of benefits to transit and impacts on other traffic. Using a simulation tool, VISSIM, these impacts were assessed considering a ten second green extension priority strategy. The results of the simulation analysis indicated that the Fairfax Connector buses benefit from the green extension strategy with little to no impact on the other non-transit traffic. Overall, improvements of 3.61% were found for bus service reliability and 2.64% for bus efficiency, while negative impacts were found in the form of increases in queue lengths on side streets by a maximum value of approximately one vehicle. Because this research has provided a foundation for the evaluation of transit signal priority for VDOT and Fairfax County engineers and planners, future research can build upon this effort. Areas identified for future research include the provision of priority for the entire bus route; combination of emergency preemption and transit priority strategies; evaluation of other priority strategies using system- wide priority concepts; and the impacts of priority strategies in monetary terms.
Master of Science

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Cagliari, Deise. „Impacto de priori xtra® sobre nomuraea rileyi em lagartas desfolhadoras“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5147.

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The population outbreak of caterpillar in soybeans has been linked with entomopathogenic elimination of fungi by fungicides. Many experiments were conducted to understand the effect of fungicides Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole on Nomuraea rileyi. The experiments were: (a) N. rileyi activity time; (b) effect of fungicide application on N. rileyi; (c) the natural occurrence of N. rileyi; and (d) the spectrum of action of N. rileyi on soybean caterpillars. Anticarsia gemmatalis mortality achieved 100% at 48 hours when N. riley was inoculated in powder form. N. rileyi in powder form showed higher time activity in comparison to application of N. rileyi in liquid form. Fungicide application on N. rileyi caused a delay on A. gemmatalis mortality. However, when evaluation was later the mortality of A. gemmatalis by N. rileyi was not affected. The occurrence of N. rileyi in caterpillars was different among local sampled, and it was mainly associated with the weather conditions. N. rileyi showed to be entomopathogenic to A. gemmatalis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera and Chrysodeixis includens, however, the mortality ranged among species. The major factor that impacted on non-occurrence of N. rileyi in some years may be the weather conditions, rather than fungicide applications. Therefore, fungicides were not the main cause of non-occurrence of N. rileyi and therefore it was not the main cause of caterpillars outbreaks in soybean.
O aumento populacional de lagartas tidas como secundárias na cultura da soja pode estar ligado a eliminação de fungos entomopatogênicos pelos fungicidas. Para compreender o efeito do fungicida Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazol sobre Nomuraea rileyi foram realizados um conjunto de ensaios para determinar o tempo de atividade da N. rileyi; o impacto da aplicação do fungicida em N. rileyi; a ocorrência natural de N. rileyi; e a determinação do espectro de ação de N. rileyi sobre lagartas desfolhadoras da soja. A mortalidade de Anticarsia gemmatalis infestada em folhas inoculadas com N. rileyi na forma de aplicação em pó foi de 100% após 48 horas, apresentando maior tempo de atividade em relação a forma de aplicação líquida. Com relação a aplicação do fungicida sobre N. rileyi, essa causou um retardo na mortalidade de A. gemmatalis. Porém, quando a avaliação da mortalidade foi realizada em um tempo maior a aplicação do fungicida não afetou a mortalidade de A. gemmatalis. A ocorrência de N. rileyi variou entre os locais amostrados, sendo associada principalmente as condições climáticas. N. rileyi mostrou ser um fungo entomopatogênico para A. gemmatalis, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera e Chrysodeixis includens, contudo, o tempo de mortalidade variou entre as espécies. Com isso, o fator de maior influência pela não ocorrência de N. rileyi em alguns anos pode estar mais relacionado as condições climáticas, do que as aplicações de fungicidas. Portanto, os fungicidas não são a principal causa da não ocorrência de N. rileyi e consequentemente das explosões populacionais de lagartas em soja.

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Chataigne, Christine. „Activation de valeurs et déterminabilité sociale : impact sur des priorités de valeurs et sur des attitudes discriminatoires“. Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2014.

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Les priorités de valeurs des individus sont-elles modifiées dans des situations d’influence sociale ? Si oui, par quels processus ? Cela a-t-il des répercussions sur les attitudes discriminatoires ? Pour examiner cela, nous nous sommes fondés sur la théorie des valeurs humaines de base (Schwartz, 1992), l’approche des valeurs comme truismes (Maio & Olson, 1998) et celle de la déterminabilité sociale (Schadron & Morchain, 2008). Nous avons mené 8 expériences, qui nous ont permis de mettre en évidence que des situations de déterminabilité sociale élevée modifiaient les priorités de valeurs des individus dans le sens des valeurs soutenues par le contexte normatif. De plus, les priorités de valeurs modèrent l’impact de la déterminabilité sociale sur les attitudes discriminatoires de dominance sociale. Concernant les processus impliqués, nous avons trouvé que la déterminabilité sociale conduisait les individus à se montrer plus consistants et à justifier davantage les raisons de leurs opinions, bien qu’ils ne soient pas conscients de ces effets. Nous pensons que ceci advient car la déterminabilité augmente la sensibilité aux influences contextuelles normatives à l’insu des individus. Par ailleurs, nous avons trouvé que bien que les situations de déterminabilité sociale influencent tous les individus, les effets suscités peuvent être différents en fonction de leur degré de self-monitoring. Nous discutons des relations entre les situations de déterminabilité sociale et le contexte normatif, les attentes d’autrui dans l’interaction, les paradigmes de base de l’influence sociale, ainsi qu’avec le schéma de soi et le self-monitorin
Are value priorities changed by social influence situations? If so, by what processes? Does that affect discriminatory attitudes? To examine these questions, we used basic human value theory (Schwartz, 1992), the values as truisms approach (Maio & Olson, 1998) and social determinability approach (Schadron & Morchain, 2008). We conducted 8 experiments, which showed that high social determinability changed the value priorities of individuals in the direction of values supported by the normative context. Moreover, value priorities moderated the impact of social determinability on discriminatory attitudes of social dominance. Concerning the processes, we found that social determinability led individuals to be more consistent and to justify more the reasons for their opinions, although they are not conscious of these effects. We think that this occurs because determinability increases their sensitivity to normative contextual influences without their recognizing it. In addition, we found that even though social determinability situations influenced all individuals, the effects induced differ as a function of their degree of self-monitoring. We discuss the relationships between social determinability situations and the normative context, others’ expectations in the interaction, the basic paradigms of social influence, self-schemata, and self-monitoring

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Marcon, Melissa Cunha Cajueiro. „Padrões espaço-temporais da captura acidental das tartarugas marinhas Dermochelys coriacea e Caretta caretta pela pesca com espinhel pelágico na região Sudeste/Sul do Brasil“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-09042014-192244/.

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A interação das tartarugas marinhas da espécie Caretta caretta e Dermochelys coriacea com o espinhel pelágico é um dos fatores que mais causa a mortalidade destes animais no oceano. Estudos com o intuito de quantificar essa interação, bem como os fatores que influenciam a mesma, são crescentes, para os quais é necessário conhecer a distribuição dos animais, e correlacioná-la com variáveis ambientais e operacionais da pesca. O presente estudo visa avaliar e quantificar os padrões espaço-temporais das capturas acidentais das tartarugas marinhas C. caretta e D. coriacea na região Sudeste/Sul do Brasil, com base em dados coletados pelo Projeto TAMAR ICMBio, entre 2003 e 2010, a partir de um programa de observadores à bordo da frota comercial com espinhel pelágico, assim como correlacioná-los com variáveis ambientais, biológicas e operacionais. Para tal, foram utilizados métodos estatísticos, como os Modelos Aditivos Generalizados para Posição, Escala e Forma (GAMLSS). Foram verificadas variações interanuais e sazonais, com destaque para maiores capturas por unidade de esforço (CPUE) no outono. A temperatura superficial do mar foi a variável abiótica de maior correlação com a CPUE de C. caretta, sendo tipo de isca, a variável operacional mais significativa. Para D. coriacea, profundidade e longitude foram os fatores que melhor explicam a CPUE. Padrões de distribuição ontogenética e áreas prioritárias de conservação para essas populações são discutidas, assim como os efeitos potenciais do aquecimento do oceano. O presente estudo deve contribuir para a definição de políticas de conservação marinha e no contexto da abordagem ecossistêmica para a pesca
The interaction between the sea turtles Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea with pelagic longline is one of the factors that cause mortality of these animals in the ocean. Studies in order to quantify this interaction, as well as the factors that influence it, are increasing, focusing mostly on the turtles distribution, and how it correlates with environmental and fishing operational variables. Present study aims to evaluate and quantify the spatio-temporal patterns of the sea turtles C. caretta and D. coriacea bycatch off Southeast/South Brazil, based on data collected by Project TAMAR - ICMBio between 2003 and 2010, from an observer program on-board the commercial pelagic longline fleet, as well as to correlate them with environmental, biological and operational variables,. Statistical methods such as Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) were applied. Interannual and seasonal variations were observed, with a higher catch per unit effort (CPUE) during fall. The sea surface temperature was the abiotic variable that most correlated with CPUE of C. caretta, being the type of bait the most significant operational variable. For D. coriacea, depth and longitude were the factors that better explained the CPUE. Ontogenetic distribution patterns and priority areas for the species conservation are discussed, as well as the potential effects of ocean warming. This study should contribute to the definition of conservation policies as well as to the ecosystem approach to fisheries context

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Huang, Weibing. „Dynamique des carnets d’ordres : analyse statistique, modélisation et prévision“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066525/document.

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Cette thèse est composée de deux parties reliées, le premier sur le carnet d'ordre et le deuxième sur les effets de valeur de tick. Dans la première partie, nous présentons notre cadre de modélisation de carnet. Le modèle queue-réactive est d'abord introduit, dans laquelle nous révisons l'approche zéro intelligence traditionnelle en ajoutant dépendance envers l'État de carnet. Une étude empirique montre que ce modèle est très réaliste et reproduit de nombreuses fonctionnalités intéressantes microscopiques de l'actif sous-jacent comme la distribution du carnet de commandes. Nous démontrons également qu'il peut être utilisé comme un simulateur de marché efficace, ce qui permet l'évaluation de la tactique de placement complexes. Nous étendons ensuite le modèle de queue-réactive à un cadre markovien général. Conditions de Ergodicité sont discutés en détail dans ce paramètre. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous sommes intéressés à étudier le rôle joué par la valeur de la tique à deux échelles microscopiques et macroscopiques. Tout d'abord, une étude empirique sur les conséquences d'un changement de la valeur de tick est effectuée à l'aide des données du programme pilote de réduction de la taille 2014 tick japonais. Une formule de prédiction pour les effets d'un changement de valeur de tique sur les coûts de transactions est dérivé. Ensuite, un modèle multi-agent est introduit afin d'expliquer les relations entre le volume du marché, la dynamique des prix, spread bid-ask, la valeur de la tique et de l'état du carnet d'ordres d'équilibre
This thesis is made of two connected parts, the first one about limit order book modeling and the second one about tick value effects. In the first part, we present our framework for Markovian order book modeling. The queue-reactive model is first introduced, in which we revise the traditional zero-intelligence approach by adding state dependency in the order arrival processes. An empirical study shows that this model is very realistic and reproduces many interesting microscopic features of the underlying asset such as the distribution of the order book. We also demonstrate that it can be used as an efficient market simulator, allowing for the assessment of complex placement tactics. We then extend the queue-reactive model to a general Markovian framework for order book modeling. Ergodicity conditions are discussed in details in this setting. Under some rather weak assumptions, we prove the convergence of the order book state towards an invariant distribution and that of the rescaled price process to a standard Brownian motion. In the second part of this thesis, we are interested in studying the role played by the tick value at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. First, an empirical study of the consequences of a tick value change is conducted using data from the 2014 Japanese tick size reduction pilot program. A prediction formula for the effects of a tick value change on the trading costs is derived and successfully tested. Then, an agent-based model is introduced in order to explain the relationships between market volume, price dynamics, bid-ask spread, tick value and the equilibrium order book state

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Yassir, Jedra. „Multi-period portfolio optimization given a priori information on signal dynamics and transactions costs“. Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-227264.

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Multi-period portfolio optimization (MPO) has gained a lot of interest in modern portfolio theory due to its consideration for inter-temporal trading e effects, especially market impacts and transactions costs, and for its subtle reliability on return predictability. However, because of the heavy computational demand, portfolio policies based on this approach have been sparsely explored. In that regard, a tractable MPO framework proposed by N. Gârleanu & L. H. Pedersen has been investigated. Using the stochastic control framework, the authors provided a closed form expression of the optimal policy. Moreover, they used a specific, yet flexible return predictability model. Excess returns were expressed using a linear factor model, and the predicting factors were modeled as mean reverting processes. Finally, transactions costs and market impacts were incorporated in the problem formulation as a quadratic function. The elaborated methodology considered that the market returns dynamics are governed by fast and slow mean reverting factors, and that the market transactions costs are not necessarily quadratic. By controlling the exposure to the market returns predicting factors, the aim was to uncover the importance of the mean reversion speeds in the performance of the constructed trading strategies, under realistic market costs. Additionally, for the sake of comparison, trading strategies based on a single-period mean variance optimization were considered. The findings suggest an overall superiority in performance for the studied MPO approach even when the market costs are not quadratic. This was accompanied with evidence of better usability of the factors' mean reversion speed, especially fast reverting factors, and robustness in adapting to transactions costs.
Portföljoptimering över era perioder (MPO) har fått stort intresse inom modern portföljteori. Skälet till detta är att MPO tar hänsyn till inter-temporala handelseffekter, särskilt marknadseffekter och transaktionskostnader, plus dess tillförlitlighet på avkastningsförutsägbarhet. På grund av det stora beräkningsbehovet har dock portföljpolitiken baserad på denna metod inte undersökts mycket. I det avseendet, har en underskriven MPO ramverk som föreslagits av N.Gârleanu L. H. Pedersen undersökts. Med hjälp av stokastiska kontrollramen tillhandahöll författarna formuläret för sluten form av den optimala politiken. Dessutom använde de en specifik, men ändå flexibel returförutsägbarhetsmodell. Överskjutande avkastning uttrycktes med hjälp av en linjärfaktormodell och de förutsägande faktorerna modellerades som genomsnittligaåterföringsprocesser. Slutligen inkorporerades transaktionskostnader och marknadseffekter i problemformuleringen som en kvadratisk funktion. Den utarbetade metodiken ansåg att marknadens avkastningsdynamik styrs av snabba och långsammaåterhämtningsfaktorer, och att kostnaderna för marknadstransaktioner inte nödvändigtvis är kvadratiska. Genom att reglera exponeringen mot marknaden återspeglar förutsägande faktorer, var målet att avslöja vikten av de genomsnittliga omkastningshastigheterna i utförandet av de konstruerade handelsstrategierna, under realistiska marknadskostnader. Dessutom, för jämförelses skull, övervägdes handelsstrategier baserade på en enstaka genomsnittlig variansoptimering. Resultaten tyder på en överlägsen överlägsenhet i prestanda för det studerade MPO-tillvägagångssättet, även när marknadsutgifterna inte är kvadratiska. Detta åtföljdes av bevis för bättre användbarhet av faktorernas genomsnittliga återgångshastighet, särskilt snabba återställningsfaktorer och robusthet vid anpassning till transaktionskostnader

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Hascoët, Sébastien. „Thérapies avancée de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire associée aux cardiopathies congénitales Pumpless Lung Assist as a Bridge to Medical Therapy in a Teenager With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Transplantation for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension with Congenital Heart Disease: Impact of Current Therapeutic Approach Including a High-Priority Allocation Programme on Outcomes Outcome of adults with Eisenmenger syndrome treated with drugs specific to pulmonary arterial hypertension: A French multicentre study Long-term outcomesofpulmonaryarterial hypertension underspecific drugtherapyin Eisenmenger syndrome“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ010.

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Résumé : Les cardiopathies congénitales sont les anomalies congénitales les plus fréquentes. Grâce aux progrès dans la prise en charge chirurgicale, environ 90% des enfants ayant une cardiopathie congénitale vivent désormais jusqu’à l’âge adulte. Néanmoins, l’évolution clinique de ces patients peut être marquée par des complications, dont l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire. Celle-ci peut se développer secondairement à l’absence ou au retard de prise en charge dans l’enfance ou à des lésions résiduelles. L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire est associée à un pronostic altéré, essentiellement par défaillance ventriculaire. L’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire chez ces patients se caractérise par la variabilité des aspects hémodynamiques selon les lésions anatomiques sous-jacentes. Sa prise en charge demeure variable, complexe et controversée. La correction de la cardiopathie congénitale sous-jacente est recommandée ou contre-indiquée selon la sévérité de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire. Les traitements spécifiques médicamenteux vasodilatateurs pulmonaires pourraient être bénéfiques dans les atteintes les plus évoluées. Les patients avec atteinte terminale pourraient bénéficier de la transplantation cardio-pulmonaire. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a été d’étudier l’impact hémodynamique et sur le pronostic des différentes approches thérapeutiques avancées actuellement disponibles pour la prise en charge de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire associée aux cardiopathies congénitales. Ont été étudiés en particulier les traitements médicamenteux spécifiques, la correction du shunt par voie percutanée, l’assistance circulatoire et la transplantation cardio-pulmonaire. Cette thèse a permis de montrer qu’une prise en charge pro-active de l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire chez les patients ayant une cardiopathie congénitale est associée à une amélioration des paramètres hémodynamiques, des paramètres cliniques et par une amélioration du pronostic. Les résultats de cette thèse invitent à poursuivre le recours aux thérapies avancées et leur évaluation afin d’affiner les algorithmes de prise en charge clinique
Abstract: Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect. Thanks to advances in surgical management, about 90% of children with congenital heart disease now live to adulthood. Nevertheless, the clinical course of these patients may be marked by complications, including pulmonary arterial hypertension. It may develop secondary to the absence or delay of treatment in childhood or to residual lesions. It is associated with an altered prognosis, primarily due to ventricular failure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in these patients is characterized by variability in hemodynamic aspects depending on the underlying anatomical lesions. Its management remains variable, complex and controversial. Correction of underlying predisposing congenital heart disease is recommended or contraindicated depending on the degree of severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Specific pulmonary vasodilator drug therapies may be beneficial in more advanced disease. Patients with end stage disease may benefit from cardiopulmonary transplantation. The main objective of this thesis was to study the hemodynamic and prognostic impact of the different advanced therapeutic approaches currently available for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. Specific drug therapies, percutaneous shunt correction, circulatory support and cardiopulmonary transplant were studied. This thesis has shown that proactive management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with congenital heart disease is associated with improved hemodynamic parameters, clinical parameters and improved prognosis. The results of this thesis call for further use and evaluation of advanced therapies to refine clinical management algorithms

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Siesa, M. E. „FRESHWATER COMMUNITIES AND BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: ODONATA, AMPHIBIA AND PROCAMBARUS CLARKII“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/154018.

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This research work analyses processes and dynamics occurring during the early stages of a biological invasion in freshwater habitats. I analysed processes determining the Procambarus clarkii invasion and the impact on native amphibians and odonates that have complex life cycles, I surveyed 148 among temporary and permanent wetlands of running and standing waters in a region that is at the edge of the invasion range of P. clarkii, I performed repeated sampling sessions in each wetland obtaining both qualitative and quantitative data on freshwater communities, I characterized each wetland using standard parameters, and I used GIS software for the description of the surrounding landscape. I analysed all data using spatial models and considering the spatial autocorrelation. Data analysis showed that the environmental features are important in determining the early phases of the crayfish invasion; in the study area, P. clarkii spreads more frequently in association with large and permanent wetlands in human-altered landscapes, and the autocorrelation of its populations is stronger at distances up to 2500 m suggesting that dispersion affect invasion processes up to this distance. Further analysis showed that environment shapes both alien invasive species (AIS) and freshwater communities, but considering the optimal environmental features for P. clarkii and for amphibians and odonates, I observed important differences related to wetland size, depth, hydroperiod, exposition, presence of aquatic macrophytes, and surrounding landscape features. The observed relationships among distribution and composition of native communities and distribution of P. clarkii suggests that the invasive crayfish has only a limited direct impact on adult amphibians and odonates, but the analysis of juvenile stages of native communities (larvae of amphibians, larvae and exuviae of odonates) showed the dramatic loss of their abundance and richness in wetlands invaded by the crayfish, indicating that, despite adults attempt reproduction in invaded sites, P. clarkii causes, with its activities, the fall down of their reproductive success. This research confirms the strong negative impact of AIS on native communities. My data indicate that P. clarkii determines the loss of reproductive sites, and the decrement of the reproductive success when native populations use the invaded sites for breeding. This research highlights the importance of studying the early stages of an invasion, confirming that in this phase AIS populations have larger environmental needs that might make them more vulnerable at management actions. Through the analysis and description of the mechanisms determining the AIS impact on native communities, this research helps to identify the ongoing processes at early stages of the AIS invasion, and the consequences that the invasive crayfish will have in the near future, allowing managers to start conservation actions before that the invasion consequences become irreversible.

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Ralaidovy, Ambinintsoa Haritiana. „Efficiency in health ressource allocation : three empirical studies in Eastern Sub-Sahara Africa and Southeast Asia“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD016.

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La définition des priorités en matière de santé, dans le contexte de la couverture sanitaire universelle, met l'accent sur trois valeurs : améliorer la santé de la population, garantir l'égalité d'accès aux services et la qualité de ceux-ci et éviter l'appauvrissement des usagers ou la sous-utilisation des services par ceux-ci en raison de dépenses non remboursables. L’efficience allocative peut être mesurée par rapport à l'une quelconque de ces valeurs, ou par rapport à l'ensemble, par différentes variantes de l'analyse coût-efficacité. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons la « Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis », une approche normalisée développée par le programme « Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective » de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, (WHO-CHOICE), qui peut être appliquée à toutes les interventions dans différents contextes. En utilisant cette approche, notre travail de thèse fournit une estimation quantitative de l'efficience allocative des ressources pour trois groupes de problèmes de santé : les maladies transmissibles, les maladies non transmissibles, les accidents de la circulation, en mettant l'accent sur deux régions économiquement et épidémiologiquement différentes : l'Afrique subsaharienne de l’Est et l'Asie du Sud-Est. Nos objectifs étant d’éclairer les débats sur les politiques de santé, d’améliorer le corpus mondial de connaissances sur le rapport coût-efficacité de différentes interventions en fournissant davantage d’informations sur l’efficience de l’allocation de ressources pour les trois groupes de problèmes de santé précités et de contribuer aux discussions sur l’élaboration des programmes de soins de santé universels
Priority setting in health, in the context of Universal Health Coverage, emphasizes three values: improving population health, ensuring equity in access to and quality of services and avoiding impoverishment or underutilization of services as a result of out-of-pocket expenditures. Allocative efficiency can be measured with respect to any one of these values, or with respect to all together by different variants of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. In this thesis, we use the Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, a standardized approach developed by the World Health Organization’s programme, ‘Choosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective’ (WHO-CHOICE) that can be applied to all interventions in different settings. This thesis provides a quantitative assessment of allocative efficiency within three health categories: communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and road traffic injuries, focusing on two economically and epidemiologically diverse regions: Eastern sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Our objectives are to inform health policy debates, improve the world’s body of knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of different interventions by providing more information on the allocative efficiency in those three disease groups and contribute to discussions on Universal Health Care packages

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Dumoulinneuf, Sandrine. „Evaluation a priori des impacts et performances d'actions proposées dans le cadre de la démarche de responsabilité sociétale d'une entreprise de distribution“. Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0735/document.

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Le développement et l'internationalisation des entreprises de distribution dont le succès repose sur des techniques de vente en masse à bas coûts se sont accompagnés d’une prise de conscience des conséquences sociales et environnementales de ces activités. Parallèlement, l'émergence du concept de responsabilité sociétale incite les entreprises à contribuer aux objectifs de développement durable de la société. Ainsi, des démarches de responsabilité sociétale (RSE) sont mises en œuvre par un nombre croissant d'entreprises, et notamment par les distributeurs, pour intégrer ces enjeux dans leur business model.Mais comment évaluer la pertinence des actions mises en oeuvre au regard des enjeux RSE des distributeurs ? Comment évaluer leur contribution aux objectifs RSE de l’organisation ? Comment évaluer celles visant à réduire un impact environnemental ciblé mais générant d’autres impacts sociaux et environnementaux, positifs comme négatifs ? Comment tenir compte de la multitude de parties prenantes, d’enjeux, parfois difficilement quantifiables, empreint d'incertitude et évolutifs dans le temps ? Malgré le foisonnement des méthodes existantes, celles-ci ne permettent pas, à notre connaissance, d’identifier et d’évaluer ces enjeux de manière satisfaisante.Menés au sein de la direction Environnement d’une entreprise multinationale de distribution, ces travaux proposent une méthode d’évaluation des impacts RSE d'actions, selon une approche a priori, qualitative et quantitative, structurée autour des domaines d’actions ISO 26 000. Afin d'identifier les limites et les apports de cette approche, celle-ci a été testée sur des actions de remplacement d’installations frigorifiques
The development and internationalization of retailers whose success is based on new sales techniques on a mass scale at low prices were accompanied by an awareness of the social and environmental impacts of these activities. Meanwhile, the emergence of the concept of corporate social responsibility encourages companies to contribute to sustainable development goals. Thus, corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches are implemented by a growing number of companies, including retailers, to integrate these issues into their business model.But how to evaluate the relevance of the actions against retailers' CSR issues? How to assess their contribution to companies' CSR goals? How to assess the multiple potential positive and negative effects of actions that are initially proposed to reduce one specific environmental impact? How to account for the multitude of stakeholders and issues, sometimes difficult to quantify, subject to uncertainty and changing over time? Despite the numerous existing methods, they do not adequately enable the identification and the assessment of these issues.Conducted within the Environment Department of a multinational retailer, this work tries to overcome these limitations by providing a methodological approach for a prior assessment of social and environmental impacts of actions both qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of issues listed in the ISO 26000 standard. To identify the limitations and benefits of this approach, it was tested on actions aimed at remplacing commercial refrigeration equipments

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Chen, Chao-Wei, und 陳昭偉. „The Impact of Performance with Multi-Level Rule Priority for Associative Classification“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61561219966785453907.

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碩士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
98
Applying Associative Rule on Text Classification, the rule ranking is generally in accordance with confidence, support and length of rules. However, most recent researches often ignore the issue of multiple classes, this study will adopt the general ranking with the condition of class and will have a discussion on the effect of text classification with our ranking method. Our data source is Reuters 21578 collection and the implementation steps as follow: 1.we will adopt Association Rule to discover all frequent ruleitems; 2. to prune and rank the rules by Lazy method; 3.to figure out all rule frequencies of each class for deciding the sequence of classes; 4.to build the associative classifier according to the class priority; 5.classifiy unseen test documents to verify the performance and have an observation of various class priority whether our method could improve the accuracy of associative classification or not.

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Chuang, Yi-Shiuan, und 莊依瑄. „The Impact of Manufacturing Strategy and Knowledge competitive Priority on New Product Advantage“. Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52699535237514295450.

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碩士
義守大學
管理研究所碩士班
96
For continuing growth, the firms utilized knowledge management to integrating and sharing information, knowledge, and human resource, and then improved profit efficiently and maintained the competitive advantage. Therefore, the new product development not only related the enterprises to survive and to sustain, but also was the important method of expansion, modulation and innovation. Since manufacturing industry is the major sector in Taiwan’s economic development and it is time now for sustaining the competitiveness of Taiwan’s manufacturing by knowledge management, thus the most important task is integration the concept of knowledge management. So that the primary purpose of this study is to explore the competitive priority based on knowledge how to improve the manufacturing competitive priority, and build the enterprise’s new product advantage. 　After industrial expert interview and sampling Top 1000’s manufacturing industry ranked by the Common Wealth Magazine (2006) and the list of enterprises from Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. including aeronautical engineering industry, ceramics industry and mechanical engineering industry, we sending out 800 questionnaires by mailing. This study represents a detailed analysis of its result with collected 12.5% of questionnaires, which were processed by SAS software. After statistical analyzes, the results are summarized as following: 　1.The manufacturing competitive priority still is the main force of building the enterprises’ new product advantage. 　2.The manufacturing industry in Taiwan should pay more attention to improve the knowledge competitive priority for building the new product advantage. 　3.The effect of new product development in knowledge depth is the most obvious, and the second one is knowledge exploitation, but the worst is the knowledge integration of the competitive priority. 　Many studies in the literature consider the relationship between manufacturing competitive priority and manufacturing performance, but relatively few of them pay efforts on the interaction of manufacturing competitive priority and new product advantage. Thus, this study examines the moderating knowledge competitive priority on the relationship between manufacturing competitive priority and new product advantage. This study attempts to clarify the impact of manufacturing strategy on new product advantage, and to trace the situation of knowledge management of manufacturing industry in Taiwan.

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Opollo, Valerie Sarah Atieno. „Impact of HIV/AIDS scale-up on non-HIV priority services in Nyanza Province, Kenya“. Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2576.

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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Health Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017.
Background: The HIV pandemic has attracted unprecedented scale-up in resources to curb its escalation and manage those afflicted. Although evidence from developing countries suggests that public health systems have been strengthened as a result of scale-up, only anecdotes exist in other countries. Despite scale-up, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is still high and the resultant mortality and morbidity demands a refocus. Furthermore, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has severely strained vulnerable health systems in developing countries leading to concerns among policy makers about non-HIV priority services. Although anecdotally, it is clear that HIV scale-up has had profound effects on health systems, available evidence does not allow for an assessment of the impact of such effects on health care access, service delivery or medical outcomes for non- HIV conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of HIV/AIDS scale-up on non-HIV priority services in the former Nyanza Province, Kenya. Additionally we determined the benefits and detriments of HIV programmes, and identified the elements of successful HIV programs and their effect on scale-up and last but not least determined the perceptions, attitudes and experiences of health care staff towards scale-up and integration of health care services. The first part of the main sequential study reviewed practices during scale-up by looking at public health facilities within the Province at Nyanza in Kenya. This looked at health management information systems (HMIS) and routine health facility client records for five years, 2009-2013 with a comparison of trends in 2009 to that in 2013. This data was reviewed in order to show trends in delivery of HIV priority and non-HIV services. The second part of the study utilized a prospective cross sectional survey to determine perceptions, attitudes and experiences xi of facility personnel towards HIV/AIDS scale up. Randomly sampled facilities involved in the delivery of any aspects of HIV diagnosis care and treatment were investigated. Self-administered questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to obtain information on impact of HIV services on non-HIV priority services on health managerial staff in the facilities and key informants who have shaped scale up. We created a qualitative codebook based on three major themes identified from the data: (1) Meaning and importance of HIV scale-up (2) Perspectives of scale-up on service delivery on non-HIV services and (Ministry of State for Planning) Health facility staff awareness. The findings indicate that the interventions that were utilized in the scale-up of HIV in 2009 resulted in significant increases in uptake of the service in 2013 (p<0.01) and total integration of HIV and non-HIV services at all the health facilities thereby contributing to improved health outcomes beyond those specifically addressed by HIV programs. This study has also shown that utilization of both HIV and non-HIV services increased significantly for both years after integrated HIV care was introduced in the health facilities (p<0.01). Notable increases were found for ANC utilization (p=0.09), family planning (p=0.09), screening for tuberculosis and malaria (p<0.01) and provision of support services (p<0.01) to HIV infected people. The scale up of HIV in the region had several human resource policy implications resulting from staff turnover and workload. Stakeholder engagement and sustainability are critical in the sustenance of these initiatives. Strategic alliances between donors, NGOs and the government underpinned the scale-up process. Policies around scale-up and health service delivery were vital in ensuring sustainability of scale- up and service integration. This study has attempted to provide evidence on the impact of HIV scale-up on non-HIV service delivery in three different settings, in two different time periods and it therefore concludes that the evidence is mixed with most of the impact being positive with some aspects that still needs development. It is critical to pursue the integration of HIV and non- HIV services in a strategic and systematic manner so as to maximize the public health impact of these efforts. The proposed model, best practices and practices requiring improvement will be communicated to the relevant ministries to ensure its integration into policy.
D

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„Exploration of Public School Facilities Management Efficacy Impact of Work Order Automation, Block Scheduling, and Priority Matrices“. Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57140.

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abstract: The objective of this thesis is to explore the applicability and impact of specific tools within the public school facilities management sector. Tools assessed include a work order system, block scheduling, and a priority matrix. These tools assist with the management of staff assignments and workload, focused scheduling methods, and decision enhancement for task-level employees. The author found that application of these systems increase productivity within public sector schools. The use of these tools also increases customer satisfaction and reduces costs. The author also explores the challenges associated with these tools.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Construction Management 2020

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Chang, Yi-Hsien, und 張藝獻. „The Impact of IPO Underwriting Methods Reform on the Primary Market: Evidence from Taiwan’s 2016 Priority Use of US Bidding Auction“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5304031%22.&searchmode=basic.

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碩士
國立中興大學
財務金融學系所
107
This article explores the impact of the government''s adoption of the US auction system on the primary market. I will use the sample includes IPO cases of the book building from October 31, 2006 to December 31, 2015 as a group. There are 434 cases in the book building group. The IPO cases using auctions from January 1, 2016 to January 14, 2019 is another group. There are 93 cases in the auction group. Then this article divides the empirical research into three parts: they are the relationship between restructuring and price inaccuracy, the relationship between restructuring and discount, and the impact of restructuring on stock short term return and volatility. According to the narrative statistics table, discount price has a lower trend in the auction after the restructuring, especially the maximum value is reduced from 82.03% to 54.55%.It indicates that after the restructuring, it is less likely that a specific person will obtain huge profits through a large discount. It also makes the average initial return lower, and the maximum value dropped from 726.09% to 191.09%. The empirical results show that the adoption of the auction as the priority underwriting system has not significantly improved the accuracy of the underwriters at the time of pricing. And, the discount has not significantly reduced too. There is no significant impact on the performance of the newly issued stocks after listing in the TSE or OTC. It is worth noting that this paper finds that when the market is hot, the discount increases. It is contrary to the past literature. When the market conditions are better, the underwriters do not need to increase the discount to attract investors to prevent the underwriting case from failing. This point is worth exploring in the future. In addition, the discount has a significant positive impact on the return and volatility after listing. However, after the restructuring, there has been a significant reduction in the trend. It indicates that the initial performance of the stock after listing is affected less by the discount. This point is one of the main objectives that the government implements the restructuring. The government hope to reduce the wrong pricing of IPO. Also, it hopes to reduce the abnormal behavior of the underwriters who use large discount to compensate low fee in the IPO cases.

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Tapia, Armijos María Fernanda. „Definition of areas with high conservation priority in Southern Ecuador – An approach combining spatial and temporal patterns of deforestation and human impact with endemic plant diversity“. Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7C54-5.

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Los bosques del Sur del Ecuador tienen un alto valor para la conservación puesto que están muy amenazados pero también poseen altos niveles de biodiversidad y endemismo. Sin embargo, como el proceso de conservación es inherentemente espacial, la baja disponibilidad de información espacial acerca de los factores que promueven la vulnerabilidad de estos bosques y acerca de la distribución espacial de los objetivos de conservación ha provocado varios obstáculos para la conservación de los mismos. El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue generar información espacial acerca de las amenazas y los valores biológicos que ocurren en esta región para priorizar áreas de conservación. El segundo capítulo analizó los patrones de deforestación y fragmentación en la región desde 1976 usando fotografías aéreas e imágenes satelitales para identificar las áreas de bosque remanente, los frentes de deforestación, las tasas anuales de deforestación y las dinámicas de la composición y configuración del paisaje del Sur del Ecuador. Se registraron tasas anuales de deforestación de 0.75% (1976 – 1989) y 2.86% para dos periodos consecutivos. Se encontró también que el Sur del Ecuador está bajo un creciente proceso de fragmentación debido al incremento en el número de parches, el decremento en el tamaño promedio de los parches y el incremento en el aislamiento de los parches. Este estudió también contribuyó al mejor entendimiento de las dinámicas de cambio de los bosques tropicales. Se registró que la mayor superficie de bosque natural fue degradado o convertido a pastizales y que los principales frentes de deforestación están localizados en las zonas de bajas altitudes en los bosques siempreverdes premontanos. El tercer capítulo describe los patrones espaciales y temporales de la presión humana, debido a que este es uno de los principales factores que influencian la efectividad de las estrategias de conservación. Para esto se adaptó el Índice de Impacto Humano (HF) generado por Sanderson et al. (2002) y así evaluar los cambios espaciales en el HF durante 26 años a nivel de paisaje y de ecosistema. Esta información permitió identificar algunos “hotspots de cambio” y las áreas con menor influencia para de esta forma evaluar como los diferentes factores humanos contribuyen al HF y demostrar cuan efectiva ha sido el área protegida más importante de la región para reducir la presión humana al interior y exterior de sus límites. Los resultados muestran un notable incremento en los niveles de presión humana en el Sur del Ecuador y un decremento en el número de áreas sin influencia. Se identificó también que uno de los más importantes “hotspots de cambio” está localizado en la región occidental del área de estudio y en la cuenca baja del Río Zamora. Los tipos de vegetación con mayor influencia humana fueron los bosques secos estacionales y los matorrales en donde la densidad de la población fue el principal factor humano que contribuyó a los niveles de presión humana observados. Finalmente, se encontró que el Parque Nacional Podocarpus ha sido parcialmente efectivo para reducir la presión humana en su interior y exterior, puesto que los niveles de HF se incrementaron al interior del área protegida y en el área buffer pero fueron menores a los observados en las áreas circundantes. El cuarto capítulo analizó los patrones de diversidad alfa y beta de plantas endémicas para evaluar la congruencia entre ambos patrones e identificar áreas con prioridad para ser conservadas. Se encontró que el “hotspot” de diversidad alfa para las plantas endémicas está localizado en los Andes y que es poco congruente con las zonas que muestran los más altos niveles de diversidad beta, los cuales están concentrados mayormente en las estribaciones orientales y occidentales de los Andes y en las cordilleras costeras y amazónicas. También se encontró que aproximadamente 40% de la superficie con altos niveles de diversidad alfa y beta ha desaparecido debido a la deforestación y que solo el 30% remanente está bajo alguna categoría de conservación. De esta forma se proponen 12 áreas potenciales con alta prioridad para la conservación, las cuales mayormente esta localizadas en el Sur del Ecuador, para de esta forma mejorar la representatividad y complementariedad de la actual red de reservas. Finalmente, el quinto capítulo analiza los principales hallazgos de esta investigación remarcando las implicaciones para la conservación y sugiriendo áreas potenciales para ser conservadas con base a los niveles de presión humana, vegetación remanente y patrones de diversidad alfa y beta de plantas endémicas en la región Sur del Ecuador.

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Pinto, Maria Isabel Araújo. „Pesticides in water, sediments and biota of semi-closed coastal lagoons: sources, pathways and impact on aquatic organisms“. Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18356.

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Pesticides are vast class of compounds formulated to control pest. They are applied all over the world and their presence in the environment, especially in coastal lagoons has been inevitable. The knowledge gap concerning pesticides fate in coastal lagoons and their impact on the aquatic organisms as well as the lack of sensible analytical methods for their measurement was the driving force of this work. Focus was made on the pesticides classified as priority substances within the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Óbidos Lagoon (Leiria, Portugal) is of economic importance and as any coastal lagoon, is exposed to anthropogenic activities being for those reason the selected area for all the studies. To fulfill the analytical gaps concerning the priority pesticides (PPs), sensible analytical methodologies were developed for the determination of those pesticides in sediments and macroalgae Ulva sp. of Óbidos Lagoon. The application of such methodologies allowed an in-depth knowledge of pesticides historical application, sources and pathways inside the lagoon. Interestingly, results in the analysis of Ulva sp. show a tendency to accumulate some of the PPs only under adverse weather conditions which points the importance of the climate global changes in the uptake and partition of the PPs in coastal lagoons. Rural activities in the watershed were found to be the main source of the PPs in Óbidos Lagoon. Soil runoff and discharges through small tributaries are the main vehicles of entrance into the lagoon. PPs sediments monitoring reveals that past and present applications of those compounds have been carried out. The low hydrodynamism of the lagoon branches (Barrosa) favors the retention of the pesticides in this part of the lagoon. Among the list of the studied PPs, lindane, p,p’-DDT and the metabolite heptachlor epoxide show to be at levels above the ‘’probable level effect’’ with possible adverse impacts in aquatic organisms. Dissipation studies with chlorpyrifos revealed the importance of salinity, water turbulence and addition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in its environmental fate. DOM is a very complex mixture of thousands of organic compounds with different sizes, charges and polarity. The development of a new gradient elution extraction methodology that uses a mixture of eluents with different polarities allowed the fractionation of DOM based in its hydrophobicity. Improving knowledge of DOM molecular-level composition is crucial for a better understanding of its reactivity and consequently its impact on pesticides environmental fate.

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Le, Thi Ngoc Tu. „Floods in Southeast Asia: A Household Welfare Priority“. Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C114-C.

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Wang, Cheng-Chong, und 王政忠. „Impacts of Learning Passport on Students in Educational Priority Area“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30486788978703595088.

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碩士
國立臺中教育大學
課程與教學研究所
99
In order to reveal the effects of learning passport of S Junior High School, located in Nantou, Taiwan, which was characterized as educational priority school (referred as educationally disadvantaged school), the study investigated the regarding impacts on students in terms of learning performance and attitude. Moreover, factors that affected students’ selection of reinforcer in the token system, as a benefit of the learning passport, were under investigation. The target school in this study was marked by the Ministry of Education as the best institution among others for remarkable success in the Partners in Education Program (PIE) in 2009, in which the learning passport had been adopted for nine years. A total of 65 students in the 11th and 12th grades was drawn from the target school as the subjects of the study. Due to a limitation of the sampling, the analogy drawn from this study was not applied to other schools. A questionnaire was administered by the researcher, who is the teacher of the school, to subjects. The data was collected and analyzed by t test, one-way ANOVA and MANOVA. The major findings were as follows: 1. No significant difference was found in learning in terms of impacts of learning passport between students of different background, however, a highly positive impact was reflected in the study. 2. A significant difference was found in attitude between the 11th and 12th graders and students with different economic status, no significant difference was found between males and females and students of different academic achievement and family structure. 3. No significant difference was found in learning performance between students of different background. 4. A significant difference was found in target agents who impacted the selection of reinforcers between males and females and students of different academic achievement. 5. No significant difference was found in types of reinforcer selected by students of different background, however, amusement-reinforcers were students’ favorite while fashion-reinforcers were the disfavor for students of different background. 　　Based on the conclusions, the study provided some suggestions to the implementation and the manipulation of learning passport in S Junior High School to improve its effect and the recommendations for future studies were also included.

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MacLean, Carla Lindsay. „Investigating Industrial Investigators: Examining the Impact of A Priori Knowledge and Tunnel Vision Education“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4999.

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Three studies addressed tunnel vision in industrial incident investigation. Study 1 surveyed professional investigators regarding how prior knowledge affects their investigative conclusions. Studies 2 and 3 experimentally explored the true impact of a priori information on investigative behaviour as well as the effectiveness of a debiasing intervention. Findings from Study 1 demonstrate that investigators typically know the people, position and equipment involved in the industrial event and they perceive this information as largely beneficial in their investigations. Study 2 (undergraduates) and Study 3 (professional investigators) employed a mock industrial investigation and found that prior knowledge about worker or equipment safety biased undergraduate- and professional-investigators’ responses. However, bias was effectively reduced with “tunnel vision education.” Professional investigators demonstrated a greater sophistication in their investigative decision making compared to undergraduates. The similarities and differences between undergraduate and professional responding are discussed.
Graduate
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