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1
Barry R., Chiswick, und Paul W. Miller. „Do Enclaves Matter in Immigrant Adjustment?“ City & Community 4, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-6841.2005.00101.x.
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This paper is concerned with the determinants and consequences of immigrant/linguistic concentrations (enclaves). The reasons for the formation of these concentrations are discussed. Hypotheses are developed regarding “ethnic goods” and the effect of concentrations on the immigrant's language skills, as well as the effects on immigrant earnings of destination language skills and the linguistic concentration. These hypotheses are tested using PUMS data from the 1990 U.S. Census on adult male immigrants from non‐English speaking countries. Linguistic concentrations reduce the immigrant's own English language skills. Moreover, immigrant's earnings are lower the lower their English‐language proficiency and the greater the linguistic/ethnic concentration in their origin language of the area in which they live. The adverse effects on earnings of poor destination language skills and of immigrant concentrations exist independently of each other. The hypotheses regarding ethnic goods are supported by the data.
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Florax, Raymond J. G. M., Thomas de Graaff und Brigitte S. Waldorf. „A Spatial Economic Perspective on Language Acquisition: Segregation, Networking, and Assimilation of Immigrants“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2005): 1877–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3726.
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Immigration and multiculturalism are at the heart of modern Western societies. The issue of language acquisition of immigrants is intrinsically linked to immigration. We formally link language acquisition of immigrants to the relative size of the immigrant stock, employing a microeconomic trading framework. Our model allows for spatial interaction going beyond the immigrant's area of residence, and explicitly incorporates spatial segregation. In addition, behavioral differences of immigrants with respect to their level of assimilation into the host country, as well as differences in networking within their own ethnic community, are accounted for. We test our model for four non-Western immigrant groups in the Netherlands at two different spatial scale levels. The empirical results reveal that there is only ambiguous support for the inverse relationship between size of the immigrant community and language acquisition or language proficiency in The Netherlands. We find instead that there is strong support for language acquisition and understanding being positively influenced by assimilation to the host country's culture.
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Dryburgh, Heather. „Social Structures and the Occupational Composition of Skilled Worker Immigrants to Canada“. Canadian Studies in Population 32, Nr. 1 (31.12.2005): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6kk6d.
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The individual decision to immigrate is made in the context of larger social structures that influence the composition of the economic immigrant population over time. Over the last 20 years, economic immigrants to Canada have faced changing selection policies, cycles of economic recession and growth, increased demand for information technology skills, women’s increased labour force participation and an aging labour force. Using data from Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB), this paper examines the flow of economic immigrants to Canada by their occupational composition from 1980 to 2000. Relative to Canadians, when all immigrants from this period are grouped together, their economic integration is slow and does not reach parity with Canadians before 16 years. Among skilled worker immigrants, whereas the earlier cohorts did well but did not improve much over time, later cohorts started off in a relatively worse position, but early indications show a fairly steep slope to better relative average earnings. These differences support the need to examine immigrant integration by both the class of immigrant and the context at the time of immigration.
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Harde, Roxanne. „‘What should we do in America?’: Immigrant Economies in Nineteenth-Century American Children's Fiction“. International Research in Children's Literature 4, Nr. 1 (Juli 2011): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2011.0007.
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This essay examines narratives about immigrants in a sampling of nineteenth-century American children's texts and grows out of my work on reform writing by major women authors. Many of the stories they published in the leading children's periodicals seem to welcome the immigrant contributor to American society even as they defined that immigrant's place in economic/class structures. The goal of this paper is to trace certain strains of the systematic discipline by which American culture tried to manage the immigrant in terms of class. I therefore consider the role of economics in immigrant stories written for children by a number of American women writers, with analyses of the ways in which these stories situate the dependent and independent immigrant in the marketplace.
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Trabsa, A., A. Llimona, L. Vargas, F. Casanovas, M. Martín, A. Valiente, A. Moreno, B. Amann und V. Pérez-Solà. „Comparison of developmental trauma between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients“. European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S733—S734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1943.
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IntroductionMeta-analytic evidence suggests that migrants have higher risk for psychotic disorders. Likewise, growing evidence relate developmental trauma (emotional, sexual, physical abuse and neglect in childhood or adolescence) as a causal factor for psychotic symptoms. However, few studies examine developmental trauma in migrant populations.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to describe and compare developmental trauma exposure prevalence between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients in Barcelona.MethodsPatients who have presented, according DSM-V criteria, one or more non-affective psychotic episodes, were recruited in Acute and Chronic inpatients units at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona), leading to a total sample of 77 patients. Demographic characteristics of patients, clinical data and main pharmacological treatment were recorded through a questionnaire. Developmental trauma exposure was assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Comparative analysis was performed with IBM SPSS using Chi-Square Test and t-Student test.ResultsFrom a total of 77 patients, 43 were immigrants and 34 were non-immigrants. Exposure to traumatic events showed significant differences between immigrants and non-immigrant in Child emotional abuse (64,4% immigrants, 35,3% non-immigrant), Child physical abuse (51,2% immigrants, 14,7% non-immigrant), Child Sexual Abuse (41,9% immigrants, 11,8% non-immigrant) and physical neglect (62,8% immigrants, 26,5% non-immigrant). Emotional neglect exposure was no significant between both groups. Total mean CTQ score was 37,53 in immigrants group and 52,60 in non-immigrant group.ConclusionsAccording to our results, there are important and significant differences in developmental trauma exposure between immigrant and non-immigrant psychotic patients. These results should be considered by clinicians in order to design assessment program for this population.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Camatta Moreira, Nelson, und Andressa da Silva Freitas Branco. „O direito fundamental à cidadania e imigração: uma aproximação hermenêutica entre direito e literatura a partir da obra O fundamentalista relutante, de Mohsin Hamid“. Revista do Instituto de Hermenêutica Jurídica 20, Nr. 31 (2022): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52028/rihj.v20i31.07.
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In the last ten years, the United Nations has identified an increase in migratory flows around the world. The number of displaced persons almost doubled. This is a consequence of several factors, such as globalization, the occurrence of wars, humanitarian crises, environmental disasters and hunger. However, some immigrants are considered more qualified. Even so, the immigrant cannot enjoy the rights granted to him from the exercise of citizenship in a broad sense. There are several reasons for this: from a poor acculturation to the occurrence of exceptional events, such as terrorist attacks. In this scenario, the book “The Reluctant Fundamentalist”, by Mohsin Hamid, portrays the story of a qualified immigrant, resident of the USA, who suffers from the effects after the attack on September 11, 2001. In addition to prejudices and accusations, the narrative also demonstrates how acculturation is fundamental in immigrant's welcome, evidencing that, according to Walter Benjamin’s theory. The immigrant composes the group of “Oppressed of History” and, as a consequence, becomes vulnerable, submitting to a permanent state of emergency. This theoretical bibliographic work aims to analyze, from the cited book, the contours of the immigrant’s citizenship, its role in history and its possible submission to a state of emergency.
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Otterstrom, Samuel M., Sarah M. Otterstrom, Amy Kimball Engar, Sarah Udall und Thomas A. Robins. „Comparative Nicaraguan Migrant and Non-Migrant Experiences in the Early Twenty-First Century“. Social Sciences 10, Nr. 10 (25.09.2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100355.
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This paper examines the circumstances in which Nicaraguan migrants to Costa Rica found themselves and the situations of families in Nicaragua who had household members who had moved to Costa Rica from the late 1990s to 2012. Through surveys and interviews conducted in both Nicaragua and Costa Rica, this paper peers into the immigrant experience of Nicaraguans in Costa Rica and explores such issues as does time in Costa Rica improve the immigrant situation, how competitive were immigrants’ wages compared to those of their home country of Nicaragua, and what percentage of immigrants would send remittances home. The background literature written on the topics of central American migration, chain migration, push and pull factors, and remittances help contextualize the findings of this study. This paper also includes a consideration of how social or trust networks may relate to migrants’ tendency to send remittances. The analysis of the data collected yielded findings such as a small correlation between an immigrant’s salary and the amount of time the immigrant stayed at his or her job, a six times greater wage earned by Nicaraguan immigrants in Costa Rica than the average Nicaraguan wage, and a lower percentage of immigrants sending remittances back to Nicaragua than one might expect, from responses of both Nicaraguan migrants and non-migrants.
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Wei, Kai, Daniel Jacobson López und Shiyou Wu. „The Role of Language in Anti-Immigrant Prejudice: What Can We Learn from Immigrants’ Historical Experiences?“ Social Sciences 8, Nr. 3 (11.03.2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030093.
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Prejudice remains an unpleasant experience in immigrants’ everyday lives, especially for those of stigmatized groups. In the recurring struggle of various immigrant groups, historical and contemporary events reveal the important role of language in the creation, transmission, and perpetuation of anti-immigrant prejudice. Living in an anti-immigrant climate, immigrants are frequently exposed to stigmatizing language in both political and social discourse. This may be a more significant and frequent experience for immigrants since the beginning of the 2016 United States presidential election. Although it has long been understood that language is inextricably linked with prejudice, the investigation of the role of language in creating, transmitting, and perpetuating anti-immigrant prejudice remains undeveloped in social work research. This paper provides a theoretical explanation of anti-immigrant sentiment by discussing how stigmatization has allowed for immigrants to be subjected to various forms of prejudice throughout history. Building upon prior theoretical concepts of stigma, this paper argues that being an immigrant is a stigma. This paper reviews historical and contemporary cases of prejudice against immigrants to provide evidence for how stigmatizing language transmits and perpetuates anti-immigrant prejudice in the United States and building upon prior stigma theories, defines one’s status of an immigrant to be form of stigma itself. The paper concludes with a call for appreciable attention to the role of language in anti-immigrant prejudice and the need for social workers to advocate for immigrants within higher education and in our communities to reduce such stigma though social work practice, education and research.
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Abattouy, Ouissam, Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens, Sophie D. Walsh und Colleen M. Davison. „Family Support Differences Between Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adolescents Across 30 Countries: Examining the Moderating Role of Cultural Distance, Culture of Origin, and Reception in Receiving Societies“. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 54, Nr. 4 (15.05.2023): 434–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220221231169234.
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Differing theoretical indications suggest that immigrant adolescents’ perceptions of family support will either be lower or higher than those of their non-immigrant peers. To unravel this inconsistency, current cross-national study examines family support differences between first- and second-generation immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. It also investigates how these differences vary based on restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, and immigrant density in the receiving country, the obedience orientation of the origin country, and the cultural distance in obedience orientation between the origin- and receiving country. Cross-classified multilevel regression analyses were conducted on data from the 2017 to 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey with a national representative sample of adolescents from 178 origin countries in 30 receiving countries across Europe, Central Asia, and in Israel. Results revealed the variance in family support was small at the level of the origin country (0.73%) and the community (1.24%), while modest at the receiving country level (10.91%). Family support was slightly lower for adolescents of both immigrant generations compared with non-immigrant adolescents, with greater differences for first-than for second-generation immigrants (respectively d = .16 and d = .02). Differences in family support were unrelated to restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, immigrant density, or obedience orientation. However, family support for second-generation immigrant adolescents decreased more compared with non-immigrants when their cultural distance was greater. Concluding, immigrant adolescents’ lower family support, may reflect their exposure to more stressors than non-immigrants. Cultural distance can amplify these stressors, thereby affecting family support for some immigrants more than others.
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Feliciano, Cynthia. „Immigrant Selectivity Effects on Health, Labor Market, and Educational Outcomes“. Annual Review of Sociology 46, Nr. 1 (30.07.2020): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054639.
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Over the past two decades, a growing body of research has focused on immigrant selectivity and its effects on immigrant health, immigrant labor market outcomes, and children of immigrants’ educational outcomes. This review provides a theoretical overview of immigrant selectivity and its effects, and critically examines research on the effects of immigrant selectivity. Existing research suggests that positive immigrant selectivity helps explain paradoxical patterns of success among immigrants and their children in health, the labor market, and education. However, future research is needed that uses more rigorous research designs and measures, links immigrant selectivity and outcomes across domains, identifies the mechanisms through which immigrant selectivity matters, and considers different types of immigrant selectivity. I conclude by highlighting promising new studies along these lines and argue that immigrant selectivity is a central part of the process through which immigration contributes to inequality.
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Lin, Ching-Hsuan, und Angela R. Wiley. „Enhancing the practice of immigrant child welfare social workers in the United States“. International Social Work 62, Nr. 2 (21.11.2017): 595–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817742697.
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Responding to the needs of growing immigrant populations, many US social service sectors have recruited bilingual and bicultural practitioners, including immigrants. However, little is known about the immigrant social workers. This article explores the practice context of immigrant child welfare social workers in the United States. First, acculturation theory is applied to frame the experiences of US immigrants. Second, we explore professional development of practitioners working with immigrant families. Third, we discuss the intersectionality connecting immigration and social work professionalization. We conclude that the immigration and acculturation experiences of immigrant social workers are unique strengths for working with immigrant populations.
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Matytsina, M. S., O. N. Prokhorova und I. V. Chekulai. „Media construction of the immigrant’s image: specifics of discourse strategies (based on the content of a Facebook group and articles in The Daily Mail)“. Professional Discourse & Communication 2, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2020-2-3-23-44.
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The paper based on the content of the Facebook group Immigrants in EU and The Daily Mail publications discusses the issue of discursive construction of an immigrant image in media discourse. Using the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the authors claim that the image of an immigrant can be viewed as a discursive construct, and the main discursive strategies involved in its construction include the reference strategy and the prediction strategy. As a result of the analysis, the so called CDA-categories (topic blocks) underlying the formation of the immigrant figure, are identified and illustrated by the relevant examples, the need for further study of the social media discourse as part of critical discourse analysis is justified. The relevance of such study is due to the growing research interest in discursive construction of the immigrant figure in the media discourse, since it underpins the definition of discourse as a form of social practice, not only reflecting processes in the society, but also exerting a reciprocal effect on them. The use of both verbal and non-verbal means in the media texts under study reflects the intention of the authors of the messages to use all possible communication channels when constructing an immigrant’s image. The results show that the dichotomy of “friends and foes” is being formed and maintained by the British newspaper The Daily Mail, while the members of the Immigrants in EU group try to mitigate the conflict between immigrants and indigenous people.
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Svensson, Ylva, William J. Burk, Håkan Stattin und Margaret Kerr. „Peer selection and influence of delinquent behavior of immigrant and nonimmigrant youths: Does context matter?“ International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, Nr. 3 (02.03.2012): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411434652.
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This study examines selection and influence related to delinquent behaviors of immigrant and nonimmigrant adolescents attending three majority-immigrant schools (54% to 65.2% immigrant) and four minority-immigrant schools (11.1% to 25.1% immigrant) in one community. The sample included 1,169 youths (50.4% male; 24.2% immigrant) initially between the ages of 12 and 16 years ( M =13.92, SD = 0.85). Results showed that immigrant and nonimmigrant adolescents were similar to their peers on delinquent behaviors, and peer selection and social influence operated in a complementary manner to explain this similarity. The processes did not differ between immigrants and nonimmigrants or between school contexts, suggesting that immigrants do not differ from nonimmigrants on either the prevalence or the processes behind delinquency.
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Rahman, Md Mizanur, Ali A. Hadi Alshawi und Mehedi Hasan. „Entrepreneurship in Ethnic Enterprises: The Making of New Immigrant Businesses in New York“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 20 (11.10.2021): 11183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011183.
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Research on ethnic entrepreneurship has generated substantial literature on the development of ethnic businesses among different immigrant groups in North America. Such studies tend to focus on the emergence of immigrant entrepreneurship among earlier immigrant groups by highlighting either the group characteristics or the opportunity structure. Existing studies also tend to overlook the importance of innovation in immigrants’ small businesses due to the marginality of immigrant businesses. Thus, there is a dearth of research on new immigrant communities in the USA that illuminates immigrants’ innovative practices. Drawing on the experiences of 50 Bangladeshi entrepreneurs in New York, this research examined how this emerging immigrant group transformed into immigrant entrepreneurs through the investigation of their innovative practices in small business. This paper determined that immigrant entrepreneurs are embedded within the dynamics of the immigration trajectory and the broader context of American society. Although these new immigrants were driven towards the lower end of the economy, this study found that innovations have expanded the breadth and depth of their businesses and made their businesses different and rewarding.
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Waldinger, Roger. „The Making of an Immigrant Niche“. International Migration Review 28, Nr. 1 (März 1994): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839402800101.
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Although the dominant paradigm of immigrant employment views immigrants as clustered in a limited number of occupations or industries that comprise a niche, the explanations of how immigrants enter and establish these niches remain incomplete. While most researchers emphasize the importance of social networks, the social network approach begs the issue of how to account for the insertion and consolidation of immigrant networks as opposed to those dominated by incumbent native workers. This article seeks to answer this question through a case study of immigrant professional employees in New York City government. I argue that the growth of this immigrant niche resulted from changes in the relative supply of native workers and in the structure of employment, which opened the bureaucracy to immigrants and reduced native/immigrant competition. These shifts opened hiring portals; given the advantages of network hiring for workers and managers, and an immigrant propensity for government employment, network recruitment led to a rapid buildup in immigrant ranks.
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Herda, Daniel. „Ignorance in a Context of Tolerance: Misperceptions about Immigrants in Canada“. Migration Letters 17, Nr. 3 (08.05.2020): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i3.816.
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Misperceptions about immigrants are pervasive and have piqued the interest of social researchers given their links to greater intergroup hostility. However, this phenomenon is rarely considered in Canada, with its reputation as a particularly welcoming context. The current study simultaneously considers two such misperceptions: over-estimation of the immigrant population size and mischaracterizations of the typical immigrant’s legal status. This research examines their extent and correlates, as well as consequences for five anti-immigrant policies. Results indicate that legal status mischaracterizations, though rare, are more consequential than population over-estimates. Overall, misperceptions exist in Canada, but not all are equally consequential.
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Sadath K, Asfar. „Diasporic Dilemma in Amit Chaudhuri’s Afternoon Raag“. SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, Nr. 2 (27.02.2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i2.10914.
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Identity is one of the important themes of the diasporic writing. Identity plays an important role in an immigrant's life because they feel rootless and nostalgic when they try to become members of a new group. There are different aspects of identities like political, social, cultural, economic and individual and so on. These are playing an important role in an immigrant's life. The concept of home always gives a sweet feel for immigrants. A sense of belongingness plays an important role in immigrant life. Immigrants never accept the host country as their country.
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Shin, Eui Hang, und Kyung-Sup Chang. „Peripherization of Immigrant Professionals: Korean Physicians in the United States“. International Migration Review 22, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1988): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838802200404.
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Using data on the characteristics of 1,043 physicians graduated from a medical school in Korea, we analyze the effects of immigrant status, gender, and year of graduation on their choice of medical practice specialty. The specialty areas are categorized into two groups, “core” and “periphery”, on the basis of the reported median income of practitioners in each specialty. The results of our log-linear model analyses indicate that female physicians were more likely to immigrate to the United States than male physicians, although the general trend of immigration did not notably change over time. In our main equation, immigrant status shows a significant peripherization effect as immigrant physicians were much more likely to practice in peripheral areas than their home-staying counterparts. Gender status is also found to have a significant peripherization effect. When these Korean immigrant physicians are compared with the U.S.-educated physicians in regard to their areas of practice, the same pattern of peripherization is observed among the immigrants. Our findings suggest that, despite their secular image of “success”, immigrant professionals in the United States carry on the same kind of marginal economic activities within the professional labor market as unskilled immigrant workers do within the nonprofessional labor market.
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Hansen, Stine, K. Bruce Newbold und Robert Wilton. „Disability and the Use of Support by Immigrants and Canadian Born Population in Canada“. Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 7, Nr. 3 (26.11.2018): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v7i3.450.
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Immigrants account for a large proportion of Canada’s population. Despite an emphasis on immigrant health issues within the literature, there is surprisingly limited attention given to disability within the immigrant population, although differential prevalence rates between immigrants and the Canadian born population have been noted. The observed differences in prevalence rates by gender and immigrant status raise questions around the use of support services. In this paper, analysis draws on Statistics Canada’s 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS). A mix of descriptive and multivariate techniques are used to explore who provides support, differences in the use of support between immigrants and the Canadian born and need for additional support. The descriptive results suggest that there was a broad parity in terms of the use of support, with immigrants and Canadian born nearly equally likely to use support. Use of support was also greater amongst those with a more severe disability. Multivariate analysis revealed that particular sub-groups of immigrants, and in particular immigrant females, severely disabled immigrants, and some age, income and educational groups were less likely to use support after controlling for other correlates of use. The difficulties confronted by people with disabilities appear to be magnified within the immigrant community, and particularly amongst sub-groups of the immigrant population.
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Knight, Thomas Daniel. „Immigration, Identity, and Genealogy: A Case Study“. Genealogy 3, Nr. 1 (02.01.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3010001.
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This paper examines the life and experiences of a 19th-century immigrant from the British Isles to the United States and his family. It examines his reasons for immigrating, as well as his experiences after arrival. In this case, the immigrant chose to create a new identity for himself after immigration. Doing so both severed his ties with his birth family and left his American progeny without a clear sense of identity and heritage. The essay uses a variety of sources, including oral history and folklore, to investigate the immigrant’s origins and examine how this uncertainty shaped the family’s history in the 19th and 20th centuries. New methodologies centering on DNA analysis have recently offered insights into the family’s past. The essay ends by positing a birth identity for the family’s immigrant ancestor. Importantly, the family’s post-immigration experiences reveal that the immigrant and his descendants made a deliberate effort to retain aspects of their pre-immigration past across both time and distance. These actions underscore a growing body of literature on the limits of post-immigration assimilation by immigrants and their families, and indicate the value of genealogical study for analyzing the immigrant experience.
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Jasso, Guillermina, und Mark R. Rosenzweig. „Sponsors, Sponsorship Rates and the Immigration Multiplier“. International Migration Review 23, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1989): 856–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838902300404.
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This article reviews the evidence pertaining to the extent to which U.S. immigrants actually make use of the family reunification entitlements of United States immigration laws, examining the two available studies which are based on probability samples of immigrant entry cohorts. It then provides new estimates of the characteristics of the U.S. citizen sponsors of immigrant spouses and parents. The first study examined, the 1986 Jasso-Rosenzweig study of the FY 1971 immigrant cohort, suggests that the multiplier — the total number of immigrants brought in by one original immigrant — is far less than its potential size but is not trivial. The 1988 General Accounting Office (GAO) report based on the FY 1985 immigrant cohort indicates that 1) the propensity to sponsor new immigrants is substantially higher for immigrants than for native born citizens and that 2) immigrant sponsors of new immigrants tend to petition as soon as they are able to do so according to the law. With respect to the characteristics of sponsors, analysis of the information in the GAO report indicates that 80 percent of the persons who immigrated in FY 1985 as the spouses of U.S. citizens were sponsored by native born U.S. citizens. In contrast, native born U.S. citizens sponsored only five percent of the parent immigrants. Additional findings on the country of origin and sex of the sponsored immigrants are presented.
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Suwal, Juhee Vajracharya. „Health Consequences to Immigrant Family Caregivers in Canada“. Canadian Studies in Population 37, Nr. 1-2 (31.12.2010): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6t90j.
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This study revisited the “double jeopardy” hypothesis in terms of the health of immigrant family caregivers. It also investigated the effect of “reciprocity” (feeling of giving back something) on the health of family caregivers. The General Social Survey 2002 Cycle 16 data were analyzed using χ2-test and Logistic regressions. About 16% of immigrants and 13.6% of non-immigrants said that their health was negatively affected as a result of caregiving. Immigrant family caregivers were three times more likely than non-immigrants to report a health consequence. Reciprocity played a big role in this outcome. Given the fact that an increasing number of culturally diverse immigrants enter Canada every year and that the immigrant population is aging, more caregivers will be in demand. Policy makers need to find ways to keep immigrant caregivers healthy so that quality care can be given to immigrant older adults and also for maintaining an overall healthy Canada.
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Schwartz, Amy Ellen, und Leanna Stiefel. „Immigrants and the Distribution of Resources Within an Urban School District“. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 26, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2004): 303–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737026004303.
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In New York City, where almost 14% of elementary school pupils are foreign-born and roughly half of these are “recent immigrants,” the impact of immigrant students on school resources may be important. While immigrant advocates worry about inequitable treatment of immigrant students, others worry that immigrants drain resources from native-born students. In this article, we explore the variation in school resources and the relationship to the representation of immigrant students. To what extent are variations in school resources explained by the presence of immigrants per se rather than by differences in student educational needs, such as poverty or language skills, or differences in other characteristics, such as race? Our results indicate that, while schools resources decrease with the representation of immigrants, this relationship largely reflects differences in the educational needs of immigrant students. Although analyses that link resources to the representation of foreign-born students in 12 geographic regions of origin find some disparities, these are again largely driven by differences in educational need. Finally, we find that some resources increase over time when there are large increases in the percentage of immigrants in a school, but these results are less precisely estimated. Thus, elementary schools appear not to be biased either against or for immigrants per se, although differences in the needs of particular groups of immigrant students may lead to more (or fewer) school resources.
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Chykina, Volha. „Educational Expectations of Immigrant Students: Does Tracking Matter?“ Sociological Perspectives 62, Nr. 3 (12.02.2019): 366–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121419828397.
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Immigrants are known to have high expectations to matriculate into college and achieve a college degree. Yet the majority of the studies that examine the educational expectations of immigrant youth focus only on one country. Furthermore, researchers have not yet examined whether the high educational expectations of immigrants are promoted or hampered by the characteristics of educational systems in immigrants’ host countries. This paper examines the relationship between one such feature, tracking, and the educational expectations of immigrant youth in Europe. It shows that cross-nationally, immigrant students have higher educational expectations than nonimmigrant youth. However, for first-generation immigrants, this advantage is not as pronounced in tracked systems as compared with nontracked systems. This suggests that immigrants and nonimmigrants respond differently to the educational contexts that they encounter and that certain features of educational systems can stymie immigrant advancement.
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Alvarez, K., B. Cook, F. Montero Bancalero, Y. Wang, T. Rodriguez, N. Noyola, A. Villar, A. Qureshi und M. Alegria. „Gender and immigrant status differences in the treatment of substance use disorders among US Latinos“. European Psychiatry 33, S1 (März 2016): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.453.
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US Latinos have higher rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) than Latinas, but Latinas face substantial barriers to treatment and tend to enter care with higher SUD severity. Immigrant Latinas may face greater barriers to care than native-born despite lower overall SUD prevalence. This study aimed to identify how SUD treatment needs of Latinos are addressed depending on patient gender and immigrant status within an urban healthcare system serving a diverse population.MethodsData from electronic health records of adult Latino/a primary care patients (n = 29,887 person-years) were used to identify rates of SUD treatment in primary and specialty care. Treatment characteristics and receipt of adequate care were compared by gender and immigrant status.ResultsTobacco was the most frequently treated substance followed by alcohol and other drugs. Forty-six percent of SUD patients had a comorbid psychiatric condition. Treatment rates ranged from 2.52% (female non-immigrants) to 8.38% (male immigrants). Women had lower treatment rates than men, but male and female immigrants had significantly higher treatment rates than their non-immigrant counterparts. Receipt of minimally adequate outpatient care varied significantly by gender and immigrant status (female non-immigrants 12.5%, immigrants 28.57%; male non-immigrants 13.46%, immigrants 17.09%) in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.DiscussionResults indicate overall low prevalence of SUD treatment in the healthcare system. Low rates of minimally adequate care evidence the challenge of delivering integrated behavioral healthcare for Latinos with SUD. Results also demonstrate gender and immigrant status disparities in an unexpected direction, with immigrant women receiving the highest rates of adequate care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hou, Feng. „Changes in the Initial Destinations and Redistribution of Canada's Major Immigrant Groups: Reexamining the Role of Group Affinity“. International Migration Review 41, Nr. 3 (September 2007): 680–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00090.x.
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This study examines to what extent Canada's recent immigrants have altered their geographic concentration over time, with a view of determining the role of preexisting immigrant communities in immigrants' locational choices, looking specifically at community size. The results show a large increase in concentration levels at the initial destination among major immigrant groups throughout the 1970s and 1980s, and a much smaller increase in the following decade. However, redistribution after immigration was generally small-scale and had inconsistent effects on changing concentration at initial destinations among immigrant groups and across arrival cohorts within an immigrant group. Finally, this study finds that the size of the preexisting immigrant community is not a significant factor in immigrant locational choice when location fixed effects are accounted for.
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Traunmüller, Richard, Andreas Murr und Jeff Gill. „Modeling Latent Information in Voting Data with Dirichlet Process Priors“. Political Analysis 23, Nr. 1 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpu018.
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We apply a specialized Bayesian method that helps us deal with the methodological challenge of unobserved heterogeneity among immigrant voters. Our approach is based ongeneralized linear mixed Dirichlet models(GLMDMs) where random effects are specified semiparametrically using a Dirichlet process mixture prior that has been shown to account for unobserved grouping in the data. Such models are drawn from Bayesian nonparametrics to help overcome objections handling latent effects with strongly informed prior distributions. Using 2009 German voting data of immigrants, we show that for difficult problems of missing key covariates and unexplained heterogeneity this approach provides (1) overall improved model fit, (2) smaller standard errors on average, and (3) less bias from omitted variables. As a result, the GLMDM changed our substantive understanding of the factors affecting immigrants' turnout and vote choice. Once we account for unobserved heterogeneity among immigrant voters, whether a voter belongs to the first immigrant generation or not is much less important than the extant literature suggests. When looking at vote choice, we also found that an immigrant's degree of structural integration does not affect the vote in favor of the CDU/CSU, a party that is traditionally associated with restrictive immigration policy.
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Sánchez, Carlos Alberto. „Towards a Phenomenology of Undocumented Immigrant Reason“. Puncta 5, Nr. 3 (2022): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/pjcp.v5i3.4.
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I offer a phenomenological description of undocumented immigrant reason, provisionally understood as a sort of historical reason grounded on undocumented immigrant life. That is, the categories of undocumented immigrant reason are resources for undocumented immigrant existence and are inscribed in the historical memory of immigration (they are shared and communal), accessed by immigrants in stories, anecdotes, and interpersonal trauma. Abstracting from personal experience, testimony, popular culture, and elsewhere, I propose a fragmentary list of these categories of undocumented immigrant reason, a list that includes journeying, crossing/nepantla, uncertainty/zozobra, nostalgia, and return. These categories, which structure undocumented immigrant reason, are reflected in beliefs and attitudes about migration, belonging, the contingency of life, the centrality of memory, and the meaning of death. Constitutive of immigrant rationality are beliefs and ways of being that lend meaning to immigrant life, including those beliefs and ways of being that place immigrants in closer proximity to fundamental human truths.
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Urindwanayo, Desire. „Immigrant Women's Mental Health in Canada in the Antenatal and Postpartum Period“. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 50, Nr. 3 (12.07.2018): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562118784811.
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Immigrant women constitute a relatively large sector of Canadian society. In 2011, immigrant women made up a fifth of Canada's female population, the highest proportion in 100 years; based on the current trends of immigration, this proportion is expected to grow over the next 20 years. As women immigrate and find themselves simultaneously experiencing an unfamiliar environment, being unacquainted with societal norms, and lacking vital social networks, they become vulnerable to mental health problems. This article aims to undertake a narrative review of the literature on immigrant women's mental health in Canada during antenatal and postpartum care by employing the transnational theory as a theoretical framework. The article starts with an overview of the theoretical framework, followed by a discussion on a literature review that particularly talks about culture, isolation and social support network, social determinants of health, and access to health care as elements to consider in avoiding mental health problem among immigrant women in antenatal and postpartum care. The literature shows a high number of depression among immigrant women, and mental health problems are higher among visible minorities than Caucasians. The highest antenatal and postpartum depression recorded are 42% and 13%, respectively. As Canada has long been and continues to be the land of immigrants, addressing the multiple factors affecting immigrant women's mental health is paramount to Canada truly achieving “health for all.”
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Schrover, Marlou. „Rats, Rooms and Riots: Usage of Space by Immigrants in the Dutch Town Utrecht 1945–1970“. Journal of Migration History 7, Nr. 3 (12.11.2021): 244–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00703003.
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Abstract Immigrant access to space depended on the activities of local authorities, claim makers, journalists and firms. Together they shaped policies regarding immigrant housing, and more indirectly community formation. Local actors played a key role in migration governance, although they mostly did not work together. This article focusses on the Dutch town Utrecht, where housing was a major issue and immigrant housing was considered to be the worst in the Netherlands. When the number of immigrants was low, when employers arranged housing, and when the immigrants could be presented as much-needed workers, there were fewer protests. This article shows that immigrants lived where they were housed, where they could afford to, or were allowed to live, and only partly where they chose to live. Authorities attached value to the input of immigrant organisation, but most initiatives were for immigrants, rather than by immigrants.
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Catanzarite, Lisa. „Brown-Collar Jobs: Occupational Segregation and Earnings of Recent-Immigrant Latinos“. Sociological Perspectives 43, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389782.
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I theorize immigrant employment as a case of occupational segregation and investigate earnings and segregation of recent-immigrant Latinos relative to native workers. Analyses of greater Los Angeles 1980 and 1990 Census 5% PUMS demonstrate increased marginalization of immigrant Latinos in “brown-collar” occupations (where Latino immigrants are vastly overrepresented among incumbents). During the 1980s earnings inequality grew between recent immigrants and native-born whites, blacks, and Latinos, even controlling for group differences in labor market characteristics. Yet pay inequality did not rise between whites and native minorities, suggesting deleterious processes particular to immigrant Latinos. Analyses of occupational dissimilarity demonstrate that native minorities are less segregated from immigrant Latinos than are whites; and segregation of recent-immigrant Latinos from native workers intensified in the 1980s, but segregation from earlier-immigrant co-ethnics remained fairly constant. A number of low-level occupations in Los Angeles are now clearly identifiable as brown collar.
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Slonim-Nevo, Vered, Yana Sharaga, Julia Mirsky, Vadim Petrovsky und Marina Borodenko. „Ethnicity Versus Migration: Two Hypotheses about the Psychosocial Adjustment of Immigrant Adolescents“. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 52, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764006061247.
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Study background and aims: This study investigates the psychosocial adjustment of immigrant adolescents and examines two hypotheses: the ethnicity hypothesis, which suggests that ethnic background determines the psychosocial reactions of immigrant adolescents; and the migration hypothesis, which suggests that the migration experience determines such reactions. Methods: The study compared four groups of respondents: first-generation immigrants ( N = 63) and second-generation immigrants ( N = 64) from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Israel; and Jewish ( N = 212) and non-Jewis ( N = 184) adolescents in the FSU. A self-report questionnaire administered to the respondents collected demographic, educational and psychological data using standardised scales. Results: Immigrant adolescents reported higher psychological distress, lower self-esteem and higher alchohol consumption than non-immigrant adolescents. Second-generation immigrants generally showed a higher level of functioning than first-generation immigrants. These findings favor the migration hypothesis. Conclusions: Our findings support the widely accepted view of migration as a potentially distress-provoking experience. They suggest that psychological reactions of immigrant adolescents, and in fact all immigrants, are best interpreted as reactive and are related to the universal stressful qualities of the migration experience. Further multiethnic comparative studies, however, are needed to confirm and refine these findings.
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Kagan, Michael. „Immigrant Victims, Immigrant Accusers“. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Nr. 48.4 (2015): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.48.4.immigrant.
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The U visa program provides immigration status to noncitizen victims of crime, ensuring unauthorized immigrants do not become easy prey because they are too afraid to seek help from the police. But under the federal government’s structuring of the U visa program, a victim must also become an accuser to receive immigration benefits. Thus, the U visa implicates the rights of third parties: accused defendants. These defendants are often immigrants themselves who may be deported when U visa recipients level their accusations. Recent state court decisions have created complications in the program by permitting defendants to cross-examine accusers about their desire to obtain immigration benefits in exchange for testimony. Defendants in these cases, often male immigrants, have good reason to aggressively crossexamine their accusers in order to combat a system that perceives men of color as violent perpetrators and immigrant women as victims in need of protection. Because of these developments, immigrant victims face new obstacles when seeking law enforcement protection and justice through criminal prosecution. The solution to these emerging problems is to separate the role of victim from the role of accuser as much as possible. This Article suggests several models that might accomplish this goal.
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Ndumu, Ana. „Disrupting Digital Divide Narratives: Exploring the U.S. Black Diasporic Immigrant Context“. Open Information Science 4, Nr. 1 (08.05.2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to probe biased library and information science (LIS) presumptions of digital divides among U.S. immigrants. The stance of the foreign-born as “digital immigrants” departs from migration and population research which hold that gaps in immigrant Internet and technology access are rapidly closing, even when accounting for immigrant type. The research is based on analysis of the 2016 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey data. Black immigrant households’ ICT device and Internet access were determined and then compared to those of the general population. Findings suggest that Black immigrant households primarily access the Internet through smartphone and laptop devices along with mobile and at-home hi-speed Internet plans. When compared to the general population, Black immigrant households demonstrate significantly greater smartphone access, and they maintain comparable levels of hi-speed Internet and computer/laptop device access. This study adds to a growing body of research on the narrowing digital divide gap among U.S. immigrants. Immigrants rely on the Internet to transition and integrate into U.S. society.
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Vermeulen, Floris, Maria Kranendonk und Laure Michon. „Immigrant concentration at the neighbourhood level and bloc voting: The case of Amsterdam“. Urban Studies 57, Nr. 4 (21.08.2019): 766–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019859490.
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Bloc voting, whereby people vote for candidates of the same immigrant background as themselves, provides one possible avenue for immigrants to access political systems. A relevant but understudied element in the bloc voting process is the neighbourhood and, specifically, the effects of its demographic concentration. While we have observed how immigrant voters become socialised within the context of immigrant neighbourhoods, we do not yet understand how immigrant concentration at this level impacts immigrants’ political behaviour. Do such high levels relate more strongly to bloc voting than low levels? Using data from Amsterdam’s 2010 and 2014 local elections, this article compares voting patterns of the Dutch capital’s three largest immigrant groups: Turks, Moroccans and Surinamese. The study’s analyses determine whether changes within a neighbourhood relate to immigrant candidate votes. Our findings reveal that for some groups, the percentage of eligible co-immigrant voters in a neighbourhood shows a positive non-linear correlation with the percentage of votes for candidates of the same immigrant background. This illustrates that for these groups in these contexts a concentration effect is at play.
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Carrijo, Manuella. „Microexclusion and immigrant students“. Educação Matemática Pesquisa Revista do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação Matemática 25, Nr. 4 (23.12.2023): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1983-3156.2023v25i4p261-283.
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This paper is theoretically driven by doctoral research data. The corresponding doctoral research involved fifteen participants who live in Brazil: immigrants and parents of immigrant students from Haiti and Venezuela and mathematics teachers in schools with immigrant students in São Paulo (Brazil). The research aims to consider socially and racially structured exclusions, to discuss perspectives and approaches, and to challenge mathematics education with immigrant students towards inclusive actions. Thinking about what inclusion and inclusive mathematics education with immigrant students could mean goes toward glimpsing the roots of what can obstruct such a process, which means taking the path towards unwrapping the processes of exclusion and violence against the immigrant population. Immigrants’ and teachers’ voices will be heard in this article to support discussions about the issues around inclusive mathematics education. I present situations that illustrate that microexclusions may accompany the inclusive context in subtle practices. Microexclusions tend to isolate people in a given environment, even if that environment is considered inclusive. This paper aims to discuss a crucial situation: the barriers to including immigrant students have to do with various levels of oppressive social structures. I identify four types of microexclusion related to immigrants having to do with exoticization, misleading identification, second-class citizen treatment, assimilation, and misprise.
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Graefe, Deborah R., Gordon F. De Jong, Stephanie Howe Hasanali und Chris Galvan. „Immigrants, Place, and Health: Destination Area Health Contexts and Routine Physician and Dental Care for Children of Mexican Immigrants“. International Migration Review 53, Nr. 2 (25.10.2018): 396–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318789128.
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Notable healthcare disparities are shown among the children of Mexican immigrants across different Hispanic immigrant destinations. A hostile local immigrant-receptivity climate and alternative institutional community context indicators are integrated with individual-level data on physician and dental care from the 1996 and 2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation to explain this variation. Mexican immigrants’ children in new Hispanic immigrant destinations are 20 percent less likely to see a doctor, and a negative receptivity climate explains about half of this effect. Community health clinic availability and greater state leniency toward immigrant child public health insurance eligibility facilitate healthcare access.
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Fasel, Nicole, Eva G. T. Green und Oriane Sarrasin. „Facing Cultural Diversity“. European Psychologist 18, Nr. 4 (01.01.2013): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000157.
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Negative attitudes toward immigrants are widespread in Western societies, and research has repeatedly attempted to explain such attitudes with the presence of cultural diversity arising from a high number of immigrants. Highlighting how political psychology integrates individual and contextual levels of explanation, the present paper aims to overview research that reaches beyond this narrow focus of diversity (i.e., immigrant proportion) to understand anti-immigrant attitudes in culturally diverse societies. First, we present research that reconciles two opposing intergroup mechanisms – contact and threat – both triggered by a high proportion of immigrants. Second, emphasis is placed on ideological climates, a novel contextual antecedent of anti-immigrant attitudes understood as collectively shared norms and values permeating all spheres of social life. Ideological climates influence anti-immigrant attitudes beyond individual characteristics and further shape individuals’ responses to cultural diversity. Third, the paper extends existing research on a Person × Context interaction approach to anti-immigrant attitudes and suggests how cultural diversity and ideological climates differentially impact the link between individual-level ideologies and anti-immigrant attitudes. The growing field of multilevel research on anti-immigrant attitudes is overviewed and empirical illustrations of our recent research in Switzerland are provided. We conclude by discussing the benefits and further challenges of integrating individual and contextual antecedents in political psychology and beyond.
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Katzmann, Robert A. „When Legal Representation is Deficient: The Challenge of Immigration Cases for the Courts“. Daedalus 143, Nr. 3 (Juli 2014): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00286.
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When the quality of lawyering is inadequate, courts are frustrated in their adjudicative role. Nowhere is this more apparent than in cases involving immigrants hoping to fend off deportation. As an appellate judge on a court whose immigration docket reached 40 percent of our caseload, I have too often seen deficient legal representation of immigrants. Although courts are reactive, resolving cases before them, judges can systematically promote the fair and effective administration of justice. With the aid of some outstanding legal talent, I created the Study Group on Immigrant Representation to help address the immigrant representation crisis. Our work has encompassed a variety of activities, including: publishing symposia; conducting studies documenting the enormity of the problem and proposing solutions; creating initiatives to expand pro bono representation; facilitating the first local government funding of direct immigrant legal services; creating legal orientation programs for immigrants; and developing the Immigrant Justice Corps, an innovative fellowship program. These initiatives represent some steps towards easing the crisis in immigrant legal representation.
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GREENSPAN, ITAY, MARLENE WALK und FEMIDA HANDY. „Immigrant Integration Through Volunteering: The Importance of Contextual Factors“. Journal of Social Policy 47, Nr. 4 (22.04.2018): 803–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000211.
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AbstractVolunteering is an under-studied yet potentially beneficial avenue for immigrant integration. Whereas past research has provided important insights into the benefits of immigrant volunteering, it has been frequently based on convenience samples. This paper contributes to the literature on immigrant volunteering on two levels. First, we test less explored questions: the differences between immigrant and native-born volunteers on several volunteer indicators, and the contextual factors (cultural, social, and organisational) associated with immigrants’ proclivity to volunteer. Second, we rely on a representative sample of the German population, and use propensity score matching to strengthen the robustness of our analysis. Findings suggest that, although native-born individuals display higher rates of volunteering than immigrants, they do not significantly differ on most indicators once immigrants become volunteers. Furthermore, time since migration, social networks and organisational membership are significant drivers of immigrant volunteering. Our findings are a signal for policymakers because social policies could better address contextual and organisational barriers.
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Galante, John Starosta. „The ‘Great War’ in Il Plata: Italian Immigrants in Buenos Aires and Montevideo During the First World War“. Journal of Migration History 2, Nr. 1 (22.03.2016): 57–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00201003.
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This paper examines the actions of Italian immigrants in Buenos Aires and Montevideo to support Italy’s mobilisation during the First World War. It focuses on immigrant institutions that participated in activities including military recruitment and welfare collections to assist the Italian side. It also investigates ways Italian immigrants collaborated across the Río de la Plata to mobilise war-related resources. Through its analysis, this article narrows in on a neglected period of time in Italian immigration historiography and uncovers ways events in Italy might have affected immigrant behaviours. It explores the degree of integration that existed between these two communities and within a transnational immigrant network built around ‘Italian’ notions of belonging. More broadly, this paper illustrates the value of scholarly focus on periods of crisis in immigrant homelands. The study of such periods helps advance understandings of social relations within immigrant communities and the transnational networks in which immigrants are situated.
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Cousins, Sarah J., und Cheryl E. Matias. „Toward Critically Analyzing Whiteness in Immigrant Health“. Health Education & Behavior 50, Nr. 4 (August 2023): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10901981231178828.
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Assimilation theories dominate immigration scholarship to examine differential life chances, opportunities, and health of immigrants across three waves of immigrants in the United States. Assimilation theories are widely used in public health to explain the health status of immigrants despite the embedded White supremacist ideology while ignoring the role of whiteness. This article reviews and critiques assimilation theories to propose a critical analysis of whiteness in immigrant health scholarship. Critically analyzing whiteness in immigrant health studies allows us to recognize (a) the problematic framing of assimilation theories because of the theories’ devotion to a White-European vision of upward mobility and a mainstream characterized as elite and White and (b) how a purportedly colorblind immigration law reinforces White supremacy through possessive investment in whiteness. To highlight whiteness in immigrant health, we examine the anti-immigration rhetoric and anti-immigrant policies and surveillance while providing implications for future research in the scholarship of immigrant health.
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Atiso, Kodjo, Jenna Kammer und Denice Adkins. „The information needs of the Ghanaian immigrant“. Information and Learning Science 119, Nr. 5/6 (14.05.2018): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-02-2018-0013.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the information needs of Ghanaian immigrants who have settled in Maryland in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Using an ethnographic approach, immigrants from Ghana shared their information needs, challenges and sources they rely upon for information. In total, 50 Ghanaian immigrants participated in this study. Findings Findings indicate that like many immigrant populations, Ghanaians who have immigrated to the USA primarily rely on personal networks, mediated through social media, as their primary sources of information. Despite the availability of immigration resources in the library, Ghanaian immigrants may not view it as a useful resource. Social implications While this study examines a single immigrant population, its social implications are important to libraries who aim to serve immigrant populations in their community. Originality/value This study provides new information about African immigrant population, a population whose information needs have rarely been covered in the literature.
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Jeong, Seongkyeong, und Hwanbo Park. „Analysis of Country-Level Institutional Factors related to Recognition of Immigrants’ Rights among Non-immigrant Adolescents: A Focus on Contact Theory“. Korean Comparative Education Society 33, Nr. 6 (31.12.2023): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.20306/kces.2023.12.31.81.
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[Purpose] This study aims to explore how attitudes toward recognizing the diverse rights that immigrants should enjoy as humans change according to the level of institutionalization of equality in a country, with a focus on non-immigrant-background adolescents. Specifically, based on the contact theory that various types of 'contact' promote positive attitudes toward specific groups, the study examines the role that the nation's institutions can play as a contact environment.
[Methods]The study utilizes data from international assessments such as PISA, MIPEX, and World Bank to analyze factors at the individual, school, and national levels. A hierarchical linear model is applied to identify factors at three levels.
[Results] The main findings of this study are as follows. First, in countries with a high level of institutionalization of equality, non-immigrant-background adolescents show positive recognition of the rights of immigrant adolescents. Second, adolescents who have direct contact with immigrant peers in the friend group and the attending school tend to have a more positive recognition of immigrant rights than those who do not. Third, there is an interactive effect between the level of institutionalization of equality and direct contact with immigrant peers within the school.
[Conclusion] Direct contact with immigrant peers is crucial for non-immigrant-background adolescents to positively recognize the rights of immigrants, especially in peer groups where close relationships can be formed. Non-immigrant-background adolescents in countries with a high level of equality institutionalization tend to have a more positive recognition of immigrant rights, and state institutions guaranteeing equality can play a greater role in driving the attitude of non-immigrant-background adolescents in contact with immigrants, who are relatively distant in social relationships.
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Saunders, N., A. Macpherson und A. Guttmann. „Predictors of Unintentional Injuries in Paediatric Immigrants in Ontario“. Paediatrics & Child Health 21, Supplement_5 (01.06.2016): e78a-e78a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e78a.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Unintentional injury is a frequent reason for emergency department visits and is the leading cause of death for Canadian children. Injury is associated with a number of socio-demographic variables but it is not known whether being an immigrant changes this risk. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between family immigrant status and unintentional injury; and to test this relationship within immigrants by refugee status. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective population-based cross-sectional study of children ages 0 to 14 years residing in Ontario, Canada from 2008 to 2012, using linked health administrative databases and Citizenship and Immigration Canada’s Permanent Resident Database. The main exposure was immigration status (immigrant or child of an immigrant vs. Canadian born). Secondary exposure was refugee status. Main outcome measure was unintentional injury events (emergency department visits, hospitaliza-tions, deaths), annualized. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression models to estimate risk ratios (RR) for unintentional injuries. RESULTS: There were 11 464 317 injuries per year. Non-immigrant children sustained 12051 injuries/100 000 and immigrants had 6837 injuries/100 000, annually. In adjusted models, immigrants had a significantly lower risk of injury compared with non-immigrant children (RR 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57, 0.63). Overall, the most materially deprived neighbourhood quintile was associated with a higher rate of injury (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07, 1.02, quintile 5 vs. 1) whereas within immigrants, material deprivation was associated with a lower rate of injury (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94, 0.98, quintile 5 vs. 1). Other predictors of injury included age (0 to 4 years: RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.81, 0.88; 5 to 9 years: RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.67, 0.73), male sex (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.26, 1.35), and rural residence (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.43, 1.57). Injury rates were lower in immigrants across all types of unintentional injuries. Within immigrants, refugees had a higher risk of injury compared with non-refugees (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.10, 1.14). This risk was particularly high for motor vehicle accidents (RR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.46, 1.71) and scald burns (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11, 1.35). CONCLUSION: Risk of unintentional injury is lower among immigrants compared with Canadian-born children. These findings support a healthy immigrant effect. Socioeconomic status has a different effect on injury risk in immigrant and non-immigrant populations, suggesting alternative causal pathways for injuries in immigrants. Risk of unintentional injury is higher in refugees versus non-refugee immigrants, highlighting a population in need of targeted injury prevention strategies.
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Saunders, Natasha Ruth, Maria Chiu, Michael Lebenbaum, Simon Chen, Paul Kurdyak, Astrid Guttmann und Simone Vigod. „Suicide and Self-Harm in Recent Immigrants in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study“. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, Nr. 11 (24.06.2019): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743719856851.
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Objective: To estimate the rates of suicide and self-harm among recent immigrants and to determine which immigrant-specific risk factors are associated with these outcomes. Methods: Population-based cohort study using linked health administrative data sets (2003 to 2017) in Ontario, Canada which included adults ≥18 years, living in Ontario ( N = 9,055,079). The main exposure was immigrant status (long-term resident vs. recent immigrant). Immigrant-specific exposures included visa class and country of origin. Outcome measures were death by suicide or emergency department visit for self-harm. Cox proportional hazards estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We included 590,289 recent immigrants and 8,464,790 long-term residents. Suicide rates were lower among immigrants ( n = 130 suicides, 3.3/100,000) than long-term residents ( n = 6,354 suicides, 11.8/100,000) with aHR 0.3, 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.3. Male–female ratios in suicide rates were attenuated in immigrants. Refugees had 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6; rate 6.1/100,000) and 2.8 (95% CI, 2.5 to 3.2) times the likelihood of suicide and self-harm, respectively, compared with nonrefugee immigrants. Self-harm rate was lower among immigrants ( n = 2,256 events, 4.4/10,000) than long-term residents ( n = 68,039 events, 9.7/10,000 person-years; aHR 0.3; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.3). Unlike long-term residents, where low income was associated with high suicide rates, income was not associated with suicide among immigrants and there was an attenuated income gradient for self-harm. Country of origin-specific analyses showed wide ranges in suicide rates (1.4 to 9.9/100,000) and self-harm (1.8 to 14.9/10,000). Conclusion: Recent immigrants have lower rates of suicide and self-harm and different sociodemographic predictors compared with long-term residents. Analysis of contextual factors including immigrant class, origin, and destination should be considered for all immigrant suicide risk assessment.
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Castañeda, Ernesto. „Urban Contexts and Immigrant Organizations: Differences in New York, El Paso, Paris, and Barcelona“. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 690, Nr. 1 (Juli 2020): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220938043.
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This article compares immigrant and ethnic organizations in four major immigrant-receiving cities and reveals substantial variation across these immigrant gateway cities. Using data from ethnographic fieldwork and an original database of relevant organizations in New York City; El Paso, Texas; Paris; and Barcelona, I find differences in organizational type and density, as well as in their legitimacy and funding. This article contributes to a growing literature on immigrant organizations. Although immigrant organizations have a long history in some cities, they may not always operate in ways that enhance refugee and migrant integration. Comparing immigrant organizations is fruitful because it tells us more about city and national political systems and why distinct localities deal with cultural minorities differently. These comparisons can help the readers to understand the barriers and ladders that immigrants encounter in different cities and inform policy-makers in designing better approaches to incorporate immigrants.
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Salami, Bukola. „Immigrant, black and racialized people’s health“. Open Access Government 40, Nr. 1 (20.10.2023): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-040-11005.
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Immigrant, black and racialized people’s health Learn about the research of Dr. Bukola Salami, Professor at Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, in this particular focus on Immigrant, Black, and Racialized People’s Health. Immigrants often arrive in Canada in better health than the Canadian-born population due to pre-arrival health screening. This phenomenon is called the healthy immigrant effect. However, the health of immigrants often declines after a period of time in Canada. Several factors contribute to this health decline, including poor socioeconomic outcomes, healthcare access barriers, and discrimination. Professor Salami’s research program focuses on policies and practices shaping migrant and Black people’s health. She has been involved in over 85 funded studies totaling over $230 million. She has led research projects on topics including African immigrant child health, immigrant mental health, access to healthcare for Black women, access to healthcare for immigrant children, Black youth mental health, the health of internally displaced children, the well-being of temporary foreign workers, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black Canadians, an environmental scan of equity-seeking organizations in Alberta, culturally appropriate practices for research with Black Canadians, international nurse migration, and parenting practices of African immigrants.
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Wilson, Fernando A., Jim P. Stimpson und Alexander N. Ortega. „Is use of a smuggler to cross the US-Mexico border associated with mental health problems among undocumented immigrants from Mexico?“ PLOS Global Public Health 3, Nr. 8 (14.08.2023): e0002232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002232.
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Although numerous studies have found that Latine immigrants to the United States (US) have better health outcomes on average than persons born in the US, studies of persons living in Mexico have found that undocumented immigrants have worse health, especially those that were deported, compared to Mexican citizens that never migrated or migrated with authorization. However, the health outcomes of Mexican migrants using a smuggler to cross the US-Mexico border is a gap in the literature. We hypothesized that undocumented immigrant adults who used a smuggler to cross the US-Mexico border would be more likely to report mental health problems upon return to Mexico compared with undocumented immigrant adults that did not use a smuggler. We analyzed nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data of 1,563 undocumented immigrants currently living in Mexico. Most undocumented immigrants in the sample (87%) used a smuggler. Use of a smuggler by undocumented immigrant adults was associated with a 4.7% higher prevalence of emotional or psychiatric problems compared to undocumented immigrant adults that did not use a smuggler. We conclude that modality of ingress into the US is a risk factor for poorer mental health among undocumented immigrant adults.
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Read, Jen’nan Ghazal, und Megan M. Reynolds. „Gender Differences in Immigrant Health“. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53, Nr. 1 (16.02.2012): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146511431267.
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This article draws on theories of gender inequality and immigrant health to hypothesize differences among the largest immigrant population, Mexicans, and a lesser known population of Middle Easterners. Using data from the 2000-2007 National Health Interview Surveys, we compare health outcomes among immigrants to those among U.S.-born whites and assess gender differences within each group. We find an immigrant story and a gender story. Mexican and Middle Eastern immigrants are healthier than U.S.-born whites, and men report better health than women regardless of nativity or ethnicity. We identify utilization of health care as a primary mechanism that contributes to both patterns. Immigrants are less likely than U.S.-born whites to interact with the health care system, and women are more likely to do so than men. Thus, immigrant and gender health disparities may partly reflect knowledge of health status rather than actual health.