Dissertationen zum Thema „Imagerie quantitative en temps réel“
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Perez, Romero Carmina Angelica. „Noise and robustness downstream of a morphogen gradient : Quantitative approach by imaging transcription dynamics in living embryos“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS306.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring development, cell differentiation frequently occurs upon signaling from gradients of molecules, called morphogens. A simple paradigm to study morphogens is the Bicoid gradient, which determines antero-posterior patterning in fruit fly embryos. This transcription factor allows the rapid expression of its major target gene hunchback, in an anterior domain with a sharp boundary. Using the MS2 system to fluorescently tag RNA in living embryos, we were able to show that the ongoing transcription process at the hunchback promoter is bursty Surprisingly, it takes only 3 minutes, from the first hints of transcription at the anterior to reach steady state with the setting of the sharp expression border in the middle of the embryo. To better understand the role of transcription factors other than Bicoid in this process, I used a two-pronged strategy involving synthetic MS2 reporters combined with the analysis of the hunchback MS2 reporter in various mutant backgrounds. The synthetic reporter approach, indicate that Bicoid is able to activate transcription on its own when bound to the promoter but in a stochastic manner. The binding of Hunchback to the Bicoid-dependent promoter reduces this stochasticity while Caudal might act as a posterior repressor gradient. Altogether, this work provide a new light on the mechanisms insuring a precise transcriptional response downstream of Bicoid
Kim, Jang-Mi. „Quantitative live imaging analysis of proneural factor dynamics during lateral inhibition in Drosophila“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS585.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLateral inhibition by Notch is a conserved mechanism that regulates the formation of regular patterns of cell fates1. In many tissues, intercellular Delta-Notch signaling coordinates in time and space binary fate decisions thought to be stochastic. In the context of sensory organ development in Drosophila, it has been proposed that fate symmetry breaking between equipotent cells relies on random fluctuations in the level of Delta/Notch2 (or one of their upstream regulators, e.g. YAP1 in the mouse gut3), with small differences being amplified and stabilized to generate distinct fates. Notch-mediated stochastic fate choices may also be biased by intrinsic, i.e. cell history4, or extrinsic factors. Although lateral inhibition has been extensively studied in many developmental contexts, a detailed in vivo analysis of fate and signaling dynamics is still lacking. Here, we used a quantitative live imaging approach to study the dynamics of sensory organ fate specification in the Drosophila abdomen. The accumulation of the transcription factor Scute (Sc), a key regulator of sensory organ formation in the abdomen, was used as a proxy to monitor proneural competence and SOP fate acquisition in developing pupae expressing GFP-tagged Sc. We generated high spatial and temporal resolution movies and segmented/tracked all nuclei using a custom-made pipeline. This allowed us to quantitatively study Sc dynamics in all cells. Having defined a fate difference index (FDI), we found that symmetry breaking can be detected early, when cells expressed very low and heterogeneous levels of Sc. We also observed rare cases of late fate resolution, e.g. when two cells close to each other accumulate high levels of GFP-Scute before being pulled away from each other. Interestingly, we did not observe a rapid decrease in GFP-Sc levels in non-selected cells right after symmetry breaking. Also, the rate of change of FDI values after symmetry breaking appeared to positively correlate with cell-to-cell heterogeneity in Sc levels. Whether increased heterogeneity is causally linked to symmetry breaking remains to be tested. We next addressed if this stochastic fate decision is biased by birth order (as proposed in the context of the AC/VU decision in worms4) or by the size and geometry of cell-cell contacts (as modeling suggested5). We found that neither appeared to significantly influence Notch-mediated binary fate decisions in the Drosophila abdomen. In conclusion, our live imaging data provide a detailed analysis of proneural dynamics during lateral inhibition in Drosophila
Holländer, Matthias. „Synthèse géométrique temps réel“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEal-time geometry synthesis is an emerging topic in computer graphics.Today's interactive 3D applications have to face a variety of challengesto fulfill the consumer's request for more realism and high quality images.Often, visual effects and quality known from offline-rendered feature films or special effects in movie productions are the ultimate goal but hard to achieve in real time.This thesis offers real-time solutions by exploiting the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)and efficient geometry processing.In particular, a variety of topics related to classical fields in computer graphics such assubdivision surfaces, global illumination and anti-aliasing are discussedand new approaches and techniques are presented
Wirden, Marc. „PCR quantitative en temps réel du 8ème herpesvirus humain“. Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P191.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHolländer, Matthias. „Synthèse géométrique temps réel“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEal-time geometry synthesis is an emerging topic in computer graphics.Today's interactive 3D applications have to face a variety of challengesto fulfill the consumer's request for more realism and high quality images.Often, visual effects and quality known from offline-rendered feature films or special effects in movie productions are the ultimate goal but hard to achieve in real time.This thesis offers real-time solutions by exploiting the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)and efficient geometry processing.In particular, a variety of topics related to classical fields in computer graphics such assubdivision surfaces, global illumination and anti-aliasing are discussedand new approaches and techniques are presented
Heritier, Bernard. „Contrôle en temps réel d'un imageur par résonance magnétique“. Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRousseau, Pierre. „Simulation réaliste de pluie en temps-réel“. Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3f454603-f27d-4f2f-bf00-b6f2b7e7d51e/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4019.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatural phenomena simulation is an important topic in computer graphics. It helps improving realism of displayed scenes, reminding the observer of elements from his daily environment. Amongst these phenomena, rain is one of the most frequent ; few studies had nevertheless been led upon it until recently. In this thesis, we study water-drops rendering, as well as their animation. We propose models enabling visually realistic real-time simulation of rainfalls, which are adapted to the needs of video-games and driving simulators. We first describe the previous works in computer graphics dealing with water-drop rendering, and GPU-based particle animation. In the second chapter, we present the physical properties of raindrops, upon which we built our models. The third chapter introduces the raindrop rendering model we proposed for realistic simulation of the refraction phenomenon which can be observed in raindrops. Extensions to this model are then presented, to simulate the visual phenomenon of retinal persistance, and the change in raindrops' appearance due to illumination from light sources. The fourth chapter introduces the dynamics simulation model we developped. Particles are animated through a GPGPU approach, and bounce when they collide with objects in the scene. Using a dedicated interface, the user can intuitively design wind which alters particles' motion. The results we obtained are presented in the fifth chapter
Zimmer, Jean-Philippe. „Modélisation de visage en temps réel par stéréovision“. Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRode, Nicolas. „Microévolution en temps réel : étude quantitative dans les populations naturelles d'Artemia spp“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20119/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGetting a comprehensive understanding of microevolution in natural populations requires proper quantification of the important selective forces exerted on these populations. Over the last decade, long-term studies and resurrection-ecology (revival of resting stages) have been the main approaches to study life history trait evolution over many generations in the wild. My work aims at understanding how simple ecological factors (e.g. temperature) and complex interactions between and within species (host-parasite and male-females antagonistic interactions) shape evolutionary processes in natural populations. To this end, I used the brine shrimp Artemia as a model system and combined laboratory and field studies. First, I investigated thermal niche evolution with a resurrection ecology approach, using dormant-egg time series from an Artemia population introduced from temperate to tropical salterns in the mid-80's. This experiment shows that survival at the high temperatures typical of the new environment increased linearly through time after the introduction, suggesting a sustained rate of adaptation over more than 100 generations. Second, I used the same approach to study adaptation between sexes in another Artemia population. I found that sexual conflicts result in fluctuating male-female coevolutionary dynamics in natura, over a time scale of ~100 generations. Third, I studied the relative role of one cestode and two microsporidian parasites in mediating the competition between a native asexual host and an invasive bisexual host. I found that all three parasites were either host- or genotype-specific and that the castrating cestode parasite specifically infected the native species, suggesting that this parasite actually played a major role in the competition between native and invasive hosts. Interestingly, all three parasites manipulated the swarming behavior of their host, most likely to increase their transmission. Fourth, I performed population genetic studies of diploid and polyploid Artemia parthenogenetica and their Asian bisexual close relatives. Diploid asexual Artemia produce rare males and I found indication that these males allow some rare sex in this otherwise parthenogenetic species. In addition, hybridization between divergent Artemia species has led to the origin of at least three independent polyploid lineages
Denis, de Senneville Baudouin. „Correction des mouvements pour la thermométrie temps réel guidée par IRM“. Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNaudot, Marie. „Caractérisation par imagerie en temps réel de cultures cellulaires hépatiques en biopuces microfluidiques“. Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965539.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHazebroucq, Vincent. „Télétransmission en temps réel d'images radiologiques numériques : aspects techniques, médicaux et juridiques“. Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05CD14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriquet, Frédéric. „Habillage de modèles mécaniques : facettisation temps réel de surfaces implicites“. Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-255-256.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoustelle, Lucas. „Imagerie de la myéline par IRM à temps d'écho ultracourt“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNon-invasive evaluation of white matter myelin in the central nervous system is essential for the monitoring of pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. Myelin is essentially composed of lipids and proteins: because of the numerous interactions between these macromolecules, the transverse relaxation times are very short (T2 < 1 ms), and their signals are undetectable using conventional sequences. Standard MRI methods for the characterization of myelin rely on the modeling of the interactions of aqueous protons with myelinated structures. Nonetheless, the selectivity and robustness of such indirect methods are questionable. Ultrashort echo time sequences (UTE – TE < 1 ms) may allow to directly detect the signals arising from the semi-solid spin pool of myelin. The main objective of this thesis consists in developing such methods in order to generate a positive and selective contrast of myelin using a preclinical imaging system. Validation of each method was carried out using an ex vivo murine model by confronting healthy and demyelinated animals. Results show a significant selectivity of the UTE methods to demyelination, suggesting that the technique is promising for white matter myelin monitoring
Selmi, Sonia Yuki. „Navigation en temps-réel pour la biopsie de prostate“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProstate cancer is the most common cancer world-wide for males and the second leading cause of cancer death in France. Prostate biopsy procedures, performed to obtain and analyze tissue samples of the gland, are required for diagnosis. The clinical standard protocol is currently performed under UltraSound (US) control following a systematic protocol. Unfortunately, prostate cancer diagnosis is complicated by the lack of image quality and the low intrinsic contrast between tumor and non-tumor on US images. Conventional biopsies are performed under Transrectal UltraSound (TRUS) guidance. Precisely localizing the biopsy sites is challenging because the gland has a symmetric shape and because the prostate moves and is deformed by the patient motion and the TRUS probe pressure.This work aims at designing a system for navigated prostate biopsies combining a low-cost tracking system and a 2D-3D US registration method. To achieve this objective, our approach is based on hybrid 2D-3D ultrasound (US) rigid registration method for navigated prostate biopsy that enables continuous localization of the biopsy trajectory during the exam.Accuracy and robusteness was evaluated on a significant patient data set recorded in routine uncontrolled conditions from two different hospitals. The results show that 75% of the cases with error less than 5mm, which is clinically acceptable.Thereafter, we developed experiments to evaluate the tracking. The method was tested in a prostate phantom and a probe tracking by a inertial sensor. It was shown that it can do a better localization than and inertial measurement unit. Those first results obtained by our tracking method have established a proof of concept for a future clinical application. We highlighted that the sensor data are complex to exploit in optimal conditions. Additional experiments sould be performed in more realistic conditions.The method adjustment and the computing time-enhancement are the two main approaches to develop to create a first prototype of real-time tracking for navigated prostate biopsy. The long-standing cooperation between clinicians and researchers is an essential asset for a future clinical validation
Bleron, Alexandre. „Rendu stylisé de scènes 3D animées temps-réel“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of stylized rendering is to render 3D scenes in the visual style intended by an artist.This often entails reproducing, with some degree of automation,the visual features typically found in 2D illustrationsthat constitute the "style" of an artist.Examples of these features include the depiction of light and shade,the representation of the contours of objects,or the strokes on a canvas that make a painting.This field is relevant today in domains such as computer-generated animation orvideo games, where studios seek to differentiate themselveswith styles that deviate from photorealism.In this thesis, we explore stylization techniques that can be easilyinserted into existing real-time rendering pipelines, and propose two novel techniques in this domain.Our first contribution is a workflow that aims to facilitatethe design of complex stylized shading models for 3D objects.Designing a stylized shading model that follows artistic constraintsand stays consistent under a variety of lightingconditions and viewpoints is a difficult and time-consuming process.Specialized shading models intended for stylization existbut are still limited in the range of appearances and behaviors they can reproduce.We propose a way to build and experiment with complex shading modelsby combining several simple shading behaviors using a layered approach,which allows a more intuitive and efficient exploration of the design space of shading models.In our second contribution, we present a pipeline to render 3D scenes in painterly styles,simulating the appearance of brush strokes,using a combination of procedural noise andlocal image filtering in screen-space.Image filtering techniques can achieve a wide range of stylized effects on 2D pictures and video:our goal is to use those existing filtering techniques to stylize 3D scenes,in a way that is coherent with the underlying animation or camera movement.This is not a trivial process, as naive approaches to filtering in screen-spacecan introduce visual inconsistencies around the silhouette of objects.The proposed method ensures motion coherence by guiding filters with informationfrom G-buffers, and ensures a coherent stylization of silhouettes in a generic way
Brion, Véronique. „Imagerie de diffusion en temps-réel : correction du bruit et inférence de la connectivité cérébrale“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821493.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeyer, Christophe. „Adaptation temps réel de l'acquisition en imagerie par résonance magnétique en fonction de signaux physiologiques“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0272/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCine MRI of cardiac contraction is a relatively slow imaging technique. Comparatively, patient motion, especially cardiac beating and breathing, are fast and can lead to imaging artefacts. Cardiac contraction velocity provides clinically useful information. Firstly, we have shown that making this measurement was possible using phase contrast Cine MRI, and that getting similar values as those obtained in clinical routine using cardiac echography. The condition is to reach high temporal resolution, but to do so, the acquisition duration must be longer than a breathhold. Free-breathing motion management was done by two approaches: by averaging then by motion compensation using Cine-GRICS. Secondly, in order to achieve high temporal resolution Cine reconstruction, we proposed a way to deal with changing heart rate during Cine MRI acquisition, by the construction of a patient adapted cardiac model using realtime phase contrast MRI. Finally, cardio-respiratory motion management was adapted to small animal Cine MRI thanks to IntraGate echo navigators
Bassil, Nathalie. „Système de biopuce optique en temps réel : application au diagnostic génétique“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008933.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleItthirad, Frédéric. „Acquisition et traitement d'images 3D couleur temps réel“. Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe existing 3D sensors aren’t much used and are only capable of capturing 3D dat. When 2D data are necessary, one has to use another camera and correlate the 2 images. NT2I has decided to develop its own solution in order to control the acquisition chain. My work has been to develop a specific camera with color, calibration, and image processing algorithms. In that purpose, I've worked on the extension of the LIP model (Logarithmic Image Processing) for color images and on the implementation of real time algorithms
Filali, Wassim. „Détection temps réel de postures humaines par fusion d'images 3D“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3088/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is based on a computer vision research project. It is a project that allows smart cameras to understand the posture of a person. It allows to know if the person is alright or if it is in a critical situation or in danger. The cameras should not be connected to a computer but embed all the intelligence in the camera itself. This work is based on the recent technologies like the Kinect sensor of the game console. This sensor is a depth sensor, which means that the camera can estimate the distance to every point in the scene. Our contribution consists on combining multiple of these cameras to have a better posture reconstruction of the person. We have created a dataset of images to teach the program how to recognize postures. We have adjusted the right parameters and compared our program to the one of the Kinect
Bai, Yuhui. „Compression temps réel de séquences d'images médicales sur les systèmes embarqués“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0743.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of healthcare, developments in medical imaging are progressing very fast. New technologies have been widely used for the support of patient medical diagnosis and treatment. The mobile healthcare becomes an emerging trend, which provides remote healthcare and diagnostics. By using telecommunication networks and information technology, the medical records including medical imaging and patient's information can be easily and rapidly shared between hospitals and healthcare services. Due to the large storage size and limited transmission bandwidth, an efficient compression technique is necessary. As a medical certificate image compression technique, WAAVES provides high compression ratio while ensuring outstanding image quality for medical diagnosis. The challenge is to remotely transmit the medical image through the mobile device to the healthcare center over a low bandwidth network. Our goal is to propose a high-speed embedded image compression solution, which can provide a compression speed of 10MB/s while maintaining the equivalent compression quality as its software version. We first analyzed the WAAVES encoding algorithm and evaluated its software complexity, based on a precise software profiling, we revealed that the complex algorithm in WAAVES makes it difficult to be optimized for certain implementations under very hard constrains, including area, timing and power consumption. One of the key challenges is that the Adaptive Scanning block and Hierarchical Enumerative Coding block in WAAVES take more than 90% of the total execution time. Therefore, we exploited several potentialities of optimizations of the WAAVES algorithm to simplify the hardware implementation. We proposed the methodologies of the possible implementations of WAAVES, which started from the evaluation of software implementation on DSP platforms, following this evaluation we carried out our hardware implementation of WAAVES. Since FPGAs are widely used as prototyping or actual SoC implementation for signal processing applications, their massive parallelism and abundant on-chip memory allow efficient implementation that often rivals CPUs and DSPs. We designed our WAAVES Encoder SoC based on an Altera's Stratix IV FPGA, the two major time consuming blocks: Adaptive Scanning and Hierarchical Enumerative Coding are designed as IP accelerators. We realized the IPs with two different optimization levels and integrated them into our Encoder SoC. The Hardware implementation running at 100MHz provides significant speedup compared to the other software implementation including ARM Cortex A9, DSP and CPU and can achieve a coding speed of 10MB/s that fulfills the goals of our thesis
Pérez, Patricio Madain. „Stéréovision dense par traitement adaptatif temps réel : algorithmes et implantation“. Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0c4f5769-6f43-455c-849d-c34cc32f7181.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAltarac, Sandrine. „Interférométrie des tavelures : optimisation des paramètres observationnels : application au contrôle en temps réel de l'instrument SPID“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacquemod, Gilles. „Detection de défauts dans des images radiographiques industrielles obtenues en temps reel par des détecteurs linéaires“. Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKaufmann, Benoit. „Spécification et conception d'un système auto-stéréoscopique multi-vues pour l'affichage tri-dimensionnel“. Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0319.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThere are actually many 3D display systems. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, many of them need the observers to wear special glasses or limit the observation positions to a certain distance. We improved one of these display systems types: autostereoscopic displays, which holds concurrently all the existing systems' advantages for the observer, without having the disadvantages. This thesis presents the principle of this new system and discusses about its advantages and disadvantages compared to the existing 3D display systems. It also proposes a solution to different problems arising from this principle, related to the significant number of views to be computed: computing time to generate these views and memory size needed to store them before displaying. It consists in a lossless 3D compression algorithm and its real-time implementation on a GPU
Falcou, Joël. „Un cluster pour la vision temps réel : architecture, outils et application“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717444.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBachmann, Etienne. „Imagerie ultrasonore 2D et 3D sur GPU : application au temps réel et à l'inversion de forme d'onde complète“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30133/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIf the most important progresses in ultrasound imaging have been closely linked to the instrumentation's quality, the advent of computing science revolutionized this discipline by introducing growing possibilities in data processing to obtain a better picture. In addition, GPUs, which are the main components of the graphics cards deliver thanks to their architecture a significantly higher processing speed compared with processors, and also for scientific calculation purpose. The goal of this work is to take the best benefit of this new computing tool, by aiming two complementary applications. The first one is to enable real-time imaging with a better quality than other sonographic imaging techniques, thanks to the parallelization of the FTIM (Fast Tpological IMaging) imaging process. The second one is to introduce quantitative imaging and more particularly reconstructing the wavespeed map of an unknown medium, using Full Waveform Inversion
Guennebaud, Gaël. „Algorithmes pour le rendu temps-réel de haute qualité des géométries basées points“. Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30226.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of real-time image synthesis, this thesis investigate the use of points as a display primitve. We propose a complete rendering pipeline of point-based geometries which has the particularity to maintain a very high rendering quality both in case of under-sampled or over-sampled models while maintaining real-time performances. To reach these goals, we present both an adaptation of the surface splatting algorithm to modern graphics cards, and a new technique called deferred splatting which defers filtering operations in order to perform them on visible points only. Finally, in similar fashion to subdivision surfaces for polygonal meshes, we proposed an interpolatory refinement framework allowing to dynamically reconstruct a smooth surface from a scattered and/or under-sampled point based model
Deschênes, Jean-Daniel. „Modélisation interactive : amélioration du processus de reconstruction d'un modèle 3D par la compression temps réel“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25372/25372.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEngels, Laurent. „Acquisition en temps réel, identification et mise en correspondance de données 3D“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209852.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Roncali, Emilie Liliane Catherine. „Développements en imagerie de luminescence in vivo chez le petit animal : système d'acquisition sur animal vigile et tomographie en temps réel“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmall animal imaging is a powerful tool largely used in preclinical studies. Luminescence-based techniques allow an external detection of light from visible or infrared spectrum and constitute a rapidly expanding field. These innovative techniques are still under development and the field of applications could be extended. This work consists in two projects that were conducted in order to bring about some solutions to these issues. A first development was based on the real time capacity of luminescence imaging. Because of their sensitivity, cooled CCD cameras are largely used to detect the very small amount of light produced by bioluminescence reactions or by fluorescence probes. However, these systems generally require an exposure time of several seconds to overcome the readout noise. We report here the development and the validation of a photon counting-based system combined with a video monitoring function. The biological signal of interest, recorded by a third generation cooled intensified CCD camera, is spatially and temporally registered with the tracking video. Performing molecular imaging studies without the use of anaesthetics and in freely moving animals would limit the interference with signalization processes. Another aspect of luminescence imaging improvements was investigated in this thesis. A major limitation of this technique is the lack of quantification in planar imaging. Most of current systems are not compatible with real time imaging because of their acquisition process. We designed and realized an innovative device based on the use of a conical mirror enclosing the sample and thus allowing to record an anamorphic image of the sample
Cotin, Stéphane. „Modèles anatomiques déformables en temps réel : application à la simulation de chirurgie avec retour d'effort“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630956.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJohnson, Gyasi. „Conception et intégration d'algorithmes sur FPGA pour la réalisation d'un système de mesure 3D temps réel en microscopie interférométrique 4D“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of micro-systems in large scale production requires fast and successful means of test and characterization. This research work consists of proposing and implementing surface characterization algorithms in a real time measurement system in which the taking into account the time constraints is just as important as the quality of the metrological measurements. In this work, we are particularly interested in the development of techniques based on white light scanning interferometry such as PFSM "Peak Fringe Scanning Microscopy" and FSA "Five Sample non-linear Adaptive Algorithm". The aims of this work are twofold. Firstly we present the results of the modeling and simulation of two algorithms that correspond to our requirements, namely PFSM and FSA at a functional level under MATLAB and at a behavioral level under VHDL in order to validate them. Secondly we present some results of high speed image acquisition using post processing in order to demonstrate the potential of the technique, in which a 3D measurement rate of 18 i/s has been achieved for a depth of 7 μm, with an axial sensitivity of 15 nm
Wibaux, Luc. „Une méthode de synthèse d'images échographiques : application à des simulateurs médicaux d'entraînement“. Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-502.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToutefois les performances d'affichage en dépendent, l'intersection entre les rayons et les objets représentant une partie importante des calculs. Une première maquette logicielle nous a permis de montrer la validité de notre méthode. Nous avons ensuite conçu un simulateur pour les amniocentèses. Pour ce simulateur, nous proposons une solution pour que la déformation des organes soit visible. Cette déformation utilise les résultats des calculs du modèle mécanique et la modélisation des organes au repos. Le prototype du simulateur a été présenté à deux conférences médicales. Les spécialistes sont convaincus de l'utilité d'un tel simulateur dans leur formation. Cette thèse décrit une méthode temps-réel de synthèse d'images échographiques qui a été validé sur un cas concret. Elle peut s'appliquer à tout autre simulateur
Convert, Laurence. „Système microfluidique d'analyse sanguine en temps réel pour l'imagerie moléculaire chez le petit animal“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6623.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNjiki, Mickaël. „Architecture matérielle pour la reconstruction temps réel d'images par focalisation en tout point (FTP)“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNon-destructive Evaluation (NDE) regroups a set of methods used to detect and characterize potential defects in mechanical parts. Current techniques uses ultrasonic phased array sensors associated with instrumentation channels and multi-sensor data acquisition in parallel. Given the amount of data to be processed, the analysis of the latter is usually done offline. Ongoing work at the French “Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique” (CEA), consist to develop and evaluate different methods of advanced imaging based on synthetic focusing. The Algorithms induced require extensive iterative operations on a large volume of data from phased array acquisition. This involves important time for calculations and implies offline processing. However, the industrial constraint requires performing image reconstruction in real time. This involves the implementation in the measuring device, the entire computing architecture on acquired sensor data. The thesis has been to study a synthetic focusing algorithm for a real-time implementation in a measuring instrument used to perform ultrasonic data acquisition. We especially studied an image reconstruction algorithm called Total Focusing Method (TFM). This work was conducted as part of collaboration with the French Institute of Fundamental Electronics Institute team of the University of Paris Sud. To do this, our approach is inspired by research theme called Algorithm Architecture Adequation (A3). Our methodology is based on an experimental approach in the first instance by a decomposition of the studied algorithm as a set of functional blocks. This allowed us to perform the extraction of the relevant blocks to parallelize computations that have a major impact on the processing time. We focused our development strategy to design a stream of data. This type of modeling can facilitate the flow of data and reduce the flow of control within the hardware architecture. This is based on a multi- FPGA platform. The design and evaluation of such architectures cannot be done without the introduction of software tools to aid in the validation throughout the process from design to implementation. These tools are an integral part of our methodology. Architectural models bricks calculations were validated functional and experimental level, thanks to the tool chain developed. This includes a simulation environment allows us to validate partial calculation blocks and the control associated. Finally, it required the design of tools for automatic generation of test vectors, from data summaries (from CIVA simulation tool developed by CEA) and experimental data (from the device to acquisition of M2M –NDT society). Finally, the architecture developed in this work allows the reconstruction of images with a resolution of 128x128 pixels at more than 10 frames / sec. This is sufficient for the diagnosis of mechanical parts in real time. The increase of ultrasonic sensor elements (128 elements) allows more advanced topological configurations (as a 2D matrix) and providing opportunities to 3D reconstruction (volume of a room). This work has resulted in implementation of validated measurement instrument developed by M2M -NDT
Oster, Julien. „Traitement en temps réel des signaux électrophysiologiques acquis dans un environnement d'imagerie par résonance magnétique“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10117/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElectrocardiogram (ECG) is required during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), for patient monitoring and for the synchronization of MRI acquisitions and heart activity. The MRI environment, due to its three characteristic physic components, highly disturbs ECG signals. For instance, the magnetic field gradients strongly complicate the ECG analysis in a non conventional manner. The development of specific signal processing tools is thus required. Existing methods, whether QRS detector or denoising techniques, do not accurately process these signals. A database of ECG acquired in MRI has been built, enabling the development of new processing techniques and their evaluation by using the folllowing two criteria : the cardiac beat detection quality and the signal to noise ratio estimated specifically on these particular recordings. A QRS detector, processing the noisy ECG signals, has been proposed. This technique is based on the singularity detection and characterisation provided by the wavelet modulus maximum lines. This detector provides helpful information on cardiac rhythm, for the development of novel techniques with a statistical approach. A new denoising method based on independent component analysis has been presented. This technique takes only advantage of the ECG signals. Two Bayesian based denoising methods, unifying two models (of ECG and gradient artifacts) in one state-space formulation have been proposed. Bayesian filtering has also been suggested for cardiac rhythm prediction, in order to improve the synchronization strategy
Ledoux, Louis-Philippe. „Fiberweb : visualisation et interaction dans le web en imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMonnier, Nicolas. „Amélioration du traitement amont de pixels térahertz, monolithiquement intégrés en technologie CMOS, pour des systèmes d'imagerie en temps réel“. Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the development of terahertz imager in CMOS technology with the objectives to make it robust and reliable, with real-time imaging capacity at ambient temperature and with low-cost production. These objectives has to be developed at the same time as the improvement of responses and sensibilities to get the imager functional and ready for industrialization. The characterization of a previous THz imager, done during this thesis, brought the possibility to redefine in a more rigorous way this characterization and to develop a methodology for designing the THz front-end pixel. This front-end includes the reception antenna and its electromagnetic environment and a field effect transistor (FET) rectifying the received THz signal. Various front-end of THz pixels, design for 300 GHz reception, were developed. The whole structure has to be monolithically integrated with the standard CMOS process in a complete circuit and the antenna is co-design with the rectifying MOSFET in order to satisfy the impedance matching. Every pixel includes an antenna, integrated in higher metal levels with a ground plan sometimes coupled with a metasurface. This is in order to isolate the antenna from the signal processing circuit (not investigated in this thesis) and the silicon substrate botth located at the lower levels of the circuit. Finally, 17 crossed test cases (16 of 3 x 3 pixels and one matrix of 9 x 9 pixels) which integrate various antenna topologies and various configurations of electromagnetic surfaces (ground plane and metasurface) with various rectifying transistor were designed and manufactured in CMOS foundry
Chamberland, Maxime. „Visualisation en imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion : tractographie en temps réel des fibres de la matière blanche du cerveau“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6573.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonny, Jean-Marie. „Imagerie par resonance magnetique nucleaire quantitative en antenne de surface : correction des heterogeneites et applications“. Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF1MM01.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTandjaoui, Amina. „Solidification dirigée du silicium multi-cristallin pour les applications photovoltaïques : caractérisation in situ et en temps réel par imagerie X synchrotron“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4319/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe studied in situ and real-time the grain structure of multi-crystalline silicon from directional solidification using synchrotron X-ray imaging techniques. X-ray Radiography gives information on the evolution, dynamics and morphology of the solid/liquid interface. X- ray Topography gives more information on the grain structure, strains and defects that occur during solidification step. We showed the importance of the preparation of the initial stage of solidification in particular in the experiments where solidification is initiated from seed. The analysis of the solid/liquid interface morphology allowed us to characterize the kinetic undercooling of the solidification front, to understand the evolution of the grains boundary grooves and to analyze the mechanisms of grain competition and also to reveal the impurities impact on the grain structure formed at the end of the solidification. We also observed twinning phenomenon in our experiments and we demonstrated that twins in multi-crystalline silicon can be growth twins. Two kinds of silicon twins have been identified and the grain competition phenomenon with twins studied
Lelong, Lionel. „Architecture SoC-FPGA pour la mesure temps réel par traitement d'images. Conception d'un système embarqué : imageur CMOS et circuit logique programmable“. Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe measurements method by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) is a technique to measure a motion vector field in a non-intrusive way and multi points. This technique uses the cross-correlation algorithm between two images to estimate the motion. The computation quantity required by this method limits its use to off-line processing with computer. The computers performances remain insufficient for this type of applications under constraint real time on high data rates. Within sight of these specific needs, the definition and the design of dedicated architectures seem to be an adequate solution to reach significant performances. The evolution of the integration levels allows the development of structures dedicated to image processing in real time at low prices. We propose a hardware implementation of cross-correlation algorithm adapted to internal architecture of FPGA with an aim of obtaining the real time PIV. In this thesis, we were interested in the architecture design of System on-a-Chip dedicated to physical measurements of parameters by real time image processing. This is a hierarchical and modular architecture dedicated to applications of “Dominant input data flow”. This hierarchical description allows a modification of number and/or nature of elements without architecture modifications. For one measurement computation, it needs 267 µs with a FPGA at the frequency of 50 MHz. To estimate the system performances, a CMOS image sensor was connected directly to the FPGA. That makes it possible to carry out a compact, dedicated and easily reuse system. An architecture made up of 5 computation modules allows satisfying the constraint of real time processing with this prototype
Burbano, Andres. „Système de caméras intelligentes pour l’étude en temps-réel de personnes en mouvement“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS139/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe propose a detection and trackingsystem of people moving in large spacessystem. Our solution is based on a network ofsmart cameras capable of retrievingspatiotemporal information from the observedpeople. These smart cameras are composed bya 3d sensor, an onboard system and acommunication and power supply system. Weexposed the efficacy of the overhead positionto decreasing the occlusion and the scale'svariation.Finally, we carried out a study on the use ofspace, and a global trajectories analysis ofrecovered information by our and otherssystems, able to track people in large andcomplex spaces
Tykkälä, Tommi. „Suivi de caméra image en temps réel base et cartographie de l'environnement“. Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933813.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHostettler, Alexandre. „Modélisation et simulation patient-dépendante, préopératoire, prédictive, et temps-réel du mouvement des organes de l'abdomen induit par la respiration libre“. Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD thesis is to model and simulate in real-time the viscera motion during free breathing using a 3D CT acquisition. Indeed, many medical applications (radiotherapy) do not compensate variations in organ position and lead potentially to ill adapted treatments. We use a deformation field computed from the knowledge of the skin position (optical tracking) and a patient specific modelling of the diaphragm (from 3D CT acquisitions in inhale and exhale position). Viscera are assimilated to a single incompressible entity sliding along the peritonea and the pleurae. The originality of the method is to take the cranio-caudal viscera motion into account, as well as the anteroposterior and lateral motion due to the asymmetry of the motion. The new viscera position is computed at 50 Hz, and its accuracy has been evaluated on two patients within 2 and 3 mm
Abuhadrous, Iyad. „Système embarqué temps réel de localisation et de modélisation 3D par fusion multi-capteur“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMouragnon, Etienne. „Reconstruction 3D et localisation simultanée de caméras mobiles : une approche temps-réel par ajustement de faisceaux local“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925661.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMouragnon, Etienne. „Reconstruction 3D et localisation simultanée de caméras mobiles : une approche temps-réel par ajustement de faisceaux local“. Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21799.
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