Dissertationen zum Thema „Imagerie par résonance de plasmon de surface“
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Sereda, Alexandra. „Imagerie multi-spectrale par résonance des plasmons de surface : développement et applications“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112321/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiodetection is at the core of the current health concerns, as shown through the variety of applications to HIV screening, food contaminant analysis or water quality monitoring. In this field, plasmonic biosensing is a well-established label-free technique on the market: commercial systems from HORIBA Scientific are currently available for both research and industrial users.Based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon, plasmonic biodetection uses the high sensitivity of an evanescent wave propagating along a metallic film (forming the biochip) and the surrounding dielectric medium interface. More specifically, the adsorption of biomolecules onto the metal surface induces a strong change in the optical properties of a light beam reflected by the biochip: the main principle of plasmonic transduction consists in measuring these physical changes. Several interrogation techniques have therefore been developed to access such optical information, but they fail in meeting the most demanding user requirements for precise, real-time, high-throughput measurement.Initiated by these issues, the instrumentation work presented in this document has led to the development of a novel SPR interrogation technique, referred to as multi-spectral interrogation. Moreover, the promising results obtained have been pushed forward to propose a multi-spectral illumination system based on LEDs, providing attractive performances compared to existing configurations. The biosensing potential of the developed system, demonstrated through applications to genetic diagnosis and cancer detection, opens the door to a new generation of compact, high-performance, low-cost SPR sensors
Aoudjit, Thinhinane. „Etude des propriétés optiques de nanostructures chirales par imagerie photochimique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TROY0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiral nanostructures interact differently with right and left circularly polarized light. Moreover, they exhibit enhanced electric and magnetic near-fields leading to the so-called superchirality. This effect can be used for the detection of chiral biological objects with high enantio-sensitivity. Indeed, the optical chirality C is correlated with the rate of excitation of the chiral molecule, so that increasing the optical chirality at the location of the molecule can significantly improve its detection. We present here a subwavelength imaging approach that is based on the interaction between the highly exalted near-field of chiral nanoparticles and an azobenzene molecule (DR1, disperse red 1) grafted to a polymeric chain (i.e. PMMA). Under illumination, the azobenzene molecules (DR1) undergo photo-isomerization cycles, which induce a displacement of matter inducing measurable topographical modifications that can be tracked using atomic force microscopy. Therefore, we obtain in the polymer a map of the near-field of the chiral nanostructures. We recently demonstrated that chiral effects and field dissymmetry in plasmonic nanostructures can be imaged with this technique. Here, we apply photochemical imaging to chiral metallic nanostructures, such as chiral coupled nanorods. We show that the near-field chiral response can be imprinted in the photopolymer
Corne, Christelle. „Etude des interactions entre protéines et lésions de l'ADN par résonance plasmonique de surface par imagerie (SPRI)“. Grenoble, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDNA is the carrier of genetic information. DNA damage caused by various physical or chemical stresses is a challenge for cellular repair systems. These include the base excision repair system (BER) which involves several enzymes whose objectives are the recognition and removal of damaged bases, well-recognised functions for two glycosylases: prokaryotic Fpg and eukaryotic OGG1. Many approaches have been described to study DNA / protein interactions in vitro. With surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), we have a real-time technique, without labeling, with which we can observe interactions in parallel for a single protein purified enzyme (Fpg, OGG1, EndoIV or Ape1) vis-à-vis various injuries to synthetic oligonucleotides immobilized on a gold surface. The damages studied were an oxidized base (8-oxoG), a cyclised base (cycloadenine) and analogues of abasic sites (THF and C3). We also studied the action of these enzymes on multiple lesions, in tandem, combining the 8-oxoG and 8-oxoA bases on the same strand of DNA. The originality of our system combines the direct analysis of the DNA / protein interaction with the indirect approach of observing its outcome by hybridization and amplification of the signal after a thermal ramp. The results obtained enable us to consider the use of our technique to observe the simultaneous repair of certain lesions by cell extracts for biochemical work, or by human tissue extracts for bio-medical work
Pillet, Flavien. „Développement d'un outil d'analyse d'interactions moléculaires basé sur la résonance plasmonique de surface (SPRi)“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the last decades a large number of technologies have been developed to analyze intermolecular interactions. In this context, the fluorescence biochips remain the most frequently used. Although this technology is very sensitive and multiplexed, it does not allow access to the kinetic parameters, essential to the calculation of the constants of affinity. Therefore, the research for alternative systems is essential. In this way, the Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) is considered as an opportunity. It is an optical detection process that can occur when a polarized light hits a prism covered by a thin metal layer. Under certain conditions free electrons at the surface of the biochip absorb incident light photons and convert them into surface plasmon waves. Perturbations at the surface of the biochip, such as an interaction between probes immobilized on the chip and targets, induce a modification of resonance conditions which can be measured. It is a label free technology which allows intermolecular interactions in real time and gives access to the kinetics parameters. However, SPRi is limited in sensitivity and multiplexing. The objectives of my PhD were to circumvent these various limits. Thus, we validated the immobilization of DNA probes on gold surface using thiol-modified oligonucleotide probes. Deposition carried out on non-modified gold surface, does not require electrical stimulation and expensive specific robotic devices. The thiol modification of the probes was shown to be very stable at room temperature, contrary to pyrrole and diazonium probes that need to be prepared just prior to their spotting. We demonstrate that thiol-modified oligonucleotide probes spotted on a gold surface of the SPRi-prisms are very robust and reproducible. We also demonstrated that this simple chemistry is compatible with high density arrays fabrication bearing more than 1000 spots using a classical spotter. Furthermore, the modification of the prism surface with gold colloids and dendrimers allowed for DNA/DNA interactions, to reach a detection limit of 2 nM. In parallel of this work, various biological applications were carried out and validate our previous developments. A first study was to screen G-quadruplex specific ligands to inhibit telomerase activity. We demonstrated that SPRi technology is particularly well adapted to the screening of interaction of small molecules with DNA probes and is sensitive enough to permit distinction between interactions with different DNA structures. The second study was on the bacterial partition complex. We study the DNA binding requirement involved in SopB-sopC specific interactions and analysed at the nucleotide level the bases involved in the binding efficiency and essential for the partition All this PhD work improved the SPRi technology and demonstrated its great potential in biological applications
Chabot, Vincent. „Plates-formes de microscopie et fluorescence par résonance de plasmons de surface appliquées à l'imagerie cellulaire“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6632.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFiche, Jean-Bernard. „Etudes thermiques des puces à ADN par imagerie de résonance des plasmons de surface (SPRi) : vers la détection de mutations ponctuelles“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLn the space of one decade, DNA-chips became tools which cannot be ignored in the present scientific context. Placed at the interface between traditional disciplines, th. Ey are currently used for gene expression studies, SNP detection or who le genome analysis. This work uses for the first time surface plasmon resonance imaging coupled with tempe rature control - from 20°C to 80°C - applied to DNA-chip studies. Ln the first part, we study the DNA hybridization process on a solid support from a both kinetic and thermodynamic point of view, assuming the theoretical Langmuir model, ΔH and ΔS parameters are estimated as a function of probes length and show a non-conventional behaviour compared to the theoretical prediction. We assume that it could be due to a lack of accessibility on the DNA-chip surface. The second part is dedicated to point mutation detection using tempe rature scan technique. Our results, obtained with two models (K-ras and Cycline D1), are in good agreement with theoretical predictions in solution and let assume that this method could be applied for SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) detection on biological samples. A last application concerns the DNAglycosylase Fpg interactions with damaged DNA duplexes. Two lesions, 8-oxo-guanine and 5',8Cyclo-2'-desoxyadenosine, are used and Fpg enzymatic activity is only detected for the first one using an original thermal method
Kholodtsova, Maria. „Spectral, spatial and temporal properties of multilayered epithelial tissue in vivo in presence of metal nanoparticles in multimodal spectroscopy“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis work is devoted to spatially-, temporally- and spectrally- resolved laser and biological tissue interactions. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the influence of colloidal nanoparticles embedded into multilayered biological tissues on their optical properties in order to provide deeper and/or more precise probing. To do so, the integral spectroscopic parameters and lifetime of fluorophore in vicinity of metal nanoparticles were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Another part of the study was to propose new algorithmic solutions for improving the performance of the estimation process of the optical properties values from spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements. The last part of the thesis was the experimental and theoretical modelling of fluorophore’s kinetics in presence of colloidal gold nanoparticles. The ultra-short pico-second component (around 100 ps) was resolved and correlated to strong nanoparticles dipole field which is compensating the molecule’s dipole
Obeid, Sameh. „Analyse quantitative et qualitative sur puce de vésicules extracellulaires en milieux complexes au sein d'une plateforme nanobioanalytique“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles (30 to 1000 nm) released from different cell types, upon activation or apoptosis, and present in most body fluids (Blood, Urine….). Based on the current state of knowledge of their biogenesis and biochemical properties, EVs can be devided into three distinct populations: exosomes (EXO), microparticles (MPs) and apoptotic bodies (APOb). EVs have been found to play important biological roles and are also biomarkers of different pathologies. […] The first step consists of the injection of the samples containing EVs onto the biochip surface. This step is accomplished by SPR technique that allows label-free monitoring of EVs immunocapture onto the surface of a biochip presenting different specific bioreceptors. Following the capture of EVs, a nanometrological investigation of the biochip surface by AFM is engaged to characterize the physical properties of captured vesicles (size, morphology, etc..). Owning a nanometrical resolution, AFM can discriminate between individual EVs and vesicles or protein aggregates, leading to an accurate characterization of individual vesicles. The coupling of SPR technique with AFM was adapted to offer a representative global view of each array of bioreceptors and to measure the size of thousands of individual EVs. A proteomic investigation was also engaged to characterize the proteomic compositions of the different subpopulations of EVs. Such an investigation could contribute to the understanding of EVs biogenesis, biology and pathophysiology. To evaluate the potential of our platform to detect, quantify and characterize nanoparticles, two calibration particles, which cover the lower and upper size range of EVs, were chosen: (i) virus-like particles of 50 nm of diameter, also called CP50, and (ii) protein-functionnalized synthetic beads of 920 nm of diameter, called CP920. The capture tests in SPR showed a specific capture of these two calibration particles with their specific bioreceptors, immobilized onto the biochip surface, regardless the complexity of the media in which they were diluted. Also, a positive correlation was obtained between the capture level, measured by SPR, and the particle 9
Bassil, Nathalie. „Système de biopuce optique en temps réel : application au diagnostic génétique“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008933.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoland, Thibault. „Microscopie par Plasmons de Surface Localisés : un outil d'imagerie optique non intrusif pouvant couvrir les échelles du nanomètre au micromètre en biologie“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441957.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePardoux, Éric. „Détection à large spectre de pathogènes bactériens à l'aide de peptides antimicrobiens“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicrobiological analysis to confirm the absence of bacteria in normally sterile biological samples, such as blood, is routine in many laboratories. The presence of bacteria in blood, called bacteremia, can have very serious, and even fatal consequences for the patient. So far, the standard protocol for their detection has been based on the enrichment of blood samples collected from patients, thanks to blood culture, in order to obtain a sufficient population for analysis. These procedures are time consuming which sometimes lead to delays in diagnosis and subsequent adaptation of antibiotic treatments by several days. In recent decades, techniques such as mass spectrometry identification or molecular analyses have reduced the time required to identify the pathogens involved. In this context, the use of biosensors is another promising alternative. This work proposes to include wide spectrum probes in an optical sensor using SPR imaging (surface plasmon resonance). This system is already developed for the specific recognition of pathogens during their growth in the blood. The new ligands we propose to evaluate are antimicrobial peptides (AMP). These short, cationic and amphiphilic peptides have the advantage of having a broad spectrum of interaction with bacteria, coupled with high stability (chemical, thermal and drying), especially compared to the antibodies used so far in this technique. Their immobilization on SPRI prisms allows the simultaneous evaluation of the affinity of several AMP to the same bacterial strain. The biosensors based on AMP were able to detect pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in simple culture medium, such as plasma and diluted blood in blood culture medium. The system obtained allows the detection of pathogens present at an initial concentration of about 1 CFU.ml-1, in less than 24 hours and in all assayed media. Finally, the implementation of multidimensional statistical analyses has resulted in a consistent classification of targeted species, in simple culture medium, such as blood. These results show the potential of this system to develop a wide-spectrum biosensor capable of both detecting and cross-referencing bacterial pathogens
El, kazzy Marielle. „Etude fondamentale pour l'optimisation des performances d'un nez bioélectronique basé sur des protéines liant les odorants“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALV105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe detection of odorant molecules and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is the subject of growing demand in various fields such as food industry, perfumery, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and so on. Although accurate and reliable, the most commonly used methods - gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and panels of human noses or trained dogs- have a number of drawbacks, particularly in terms of cost and time. In response to these limitations, electronic noses (eNs) have emerged as promising tools for the analysis of VOCs. Inspired by the biological nose, these biomimetic devices generally consist of a set of cross-reactive chemical sensors combined with a pattern recognition system. Over the past three decades, eNs have demonstrated their great potential for VOC analysis in many areas. However, one of the main weaknesses of most existing eNs is their limited selectivity. In response to this problem, research efforts have multiplied over the last decade to explore the use of biological materials from the olfactory system as sensing materials in order to improve the performance of eNs. In this context, our team at the Molecular Systems and Nanomaterials for Energy and Health laboratory (SyMMES, UMR 5819), has conceptualized a bioelectronic nose using surface plasmon resonance imaging as a transduction technique and employing small peptides as sensing materials. This technology led to the creation of Aryballe, a company that has successfully miniaturized and commercialized the device. This thesis project is a part of the ANR project OBP-Optinose (ANR-18-CE42-0012), which aims to explore the potential of odorant binding proteins (OBPs) as novel sensing materials for the development of bioelectronic noses.During the thesis, we used a combination of wild-type and more selective OBPs, which were designed and genetically modified to have specific binding properties for target VOCs. Our experimental approach was to study various parameters that could have an impact on the performance of OBP-based biosensors for the detection of VOCs in the gas phase. First, a complete characterization of the OBP layers after immobilization on surface was carried out. The stability of the proteins in the gas phase was assessed, which is crucial to ensure their activity. The density and orientation of the OBPs were also studied since they may have impact on the sensitivity of the system. In addition, the impact of glycerol and humidity on the OBP layers was investigated. In particular, in-depth research into the hydration mechanism of the OBP layers was carried out, which enabled us to gain a better understanding of how humidity influences the reactivity of the biosensors. Finally, we demonstrated the good performance of OBP-based bioelectronic nose in the gas phase in terms of selectivity, stability, and repeatability
Beleoken, Ongmessen Elvire. „Approches innovantes appliquées à l’identification des auto-antigènes dans les hépatites auto et allo-immunes“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlloimmune hepatitis following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is poorly characterized. The first goal of this thesis was to identify antigens (Ag) targets of autoantibodies (auto-Ab) in sera from patients, using serological proteome analysis. Five patients who received an allogeneic BMT developed liver dysfunctions with histological features suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. Before and during the onset of hepatic dysfunction, sera were tested on immunoblots performed with cytosolic, microsomal, mitochondrial and nuclear proteins from rat liver homogenate, resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. After tryptic digestion, antigenic targets were identified by two tandem mass spectrometry techniques: MALDI-TOF/TOF and nanoHPLC LTQ Orbitrap®. A total of 103 different proteins were identified. Twelve of them were recognized by sera from three patients. This is the first immunological description of hepatitis occurring after BMT, enabling a discussion of the mechanisms that transform an alloimmune reaction into an autoimmune response. Any decision to withdraw immunosuppression after allogeneic BMT should be made with caution and hepatic parameters monitored systematically.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is a target for antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In the second part of the thesis, the goal was to characterize Ag-Ab interactions as a function of pathology, using surface plasmon resonance imagery (SPRi). Sera from 8 patients from each pathology and healthy donors (D) were passed across a SPRi surface containing 39 overlapping peptides of 17 mers covering the human hnRNP B1. Interactions involving the immobilised peptides were followed in real time and dissociation rate constants koff for each interaction were calculated. koff values reflect the stability of the complex. Several significant interactions were observed: i) high stability (lower koff values) between P55-70 and the AIH sera compared to controls (p= 0.003); ii) lower stability (higher koff values) between P118-133 and P262-277 and SLE sera, P145-160 and RA sera compared to controls (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.007). These results indicate that P55-70 of hnRNP B1 is a potential biomarker for AIH in immunological tests.The binding curves and koff values observed after the formation of complexes with anti-IgM and anti-IgG antibodies and after nuclease treatment of the serum indicate that i) IgM isotypes are prevalent and ii) circulating nucleic acids, present or absent according to the autoimmune disorders, participate in the interaction between anti-hnRNP B1 and P55-70 and also between controls and the peptides studied and are involved in antigen-antibody stability. Results from our work as well as promising innovations in mass spectrometry and SPR technologies lead us to consider the development of new tests, usable in monitoring patients with auto and alloimmune liver diseases
Templier, Vincent. „Exploration de méthodes alternatives pour la détection de bactéries dans le sang“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presence of bacteria in the blood, a normally sterile environment, can cause dramatic consequences for an organism. In order to diagnose this infection, called bacteremia, the identification of the microorganism present in blood must be performed. Furthermore, proper diagnosis enables the administration of a suitable antibiotic therapy. Blood complexity as well as the low bacterial load, usually lower than 1 CFU.mL-1, make the diagnosis of this infection quite challenging. Indeed, most identification methods begin only after the blood culture turns positive due to their insufficient sensitivity. For this they require incubation of a large blood sample volume (20 – 30 mL) in specific culture media that allows bacterial growth above their detection limit. Therefore, its increases considerably the time of diagnosis, which usually takes between 2 and 48 hours and sometimes even more time after blood culture positivity depending on the method and the microorganism present in blood. A reduction of the time required for identification would have a positive impact for both the patient and the healthcare systems by reducing selective pressure on resistant bacteria and hospitalization costs by giving proper treatment faster.In this work, the evaluation of a new strategy based on the identification of bacteria during their multiplication in the blood culture is presented. This method is based on Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) which enables real time and label-free measurements of interactions occurring between bacteria and specific probes. Alternative ligands like aptamers, innate immune proteins and vancomycin have been tested. Following this study antibodies have been chosen as the major specific probes in this work. Nonetheless, the presence of the staphylococcal protein A leads to false-positive results in all immunoglobulin G (IgG). Enzymatic cleavage to remove the constant fragment of antibody where protein A interacts and the use of chicken antibodies (IgY) for which protein A has no affinity have been evaluated. Both methods allow to get rid of protein A interactions in pure culture media. But the presence of human serum in the media results in the total loss of signal. Our results show that interactions between blood components and staphylococcal proteins exposed at the bacterial surface, including the interactions between protein A and circulating antibodies, are responsible for this phenomenon. Solutions to alleviate this inhibition are discussed and tested. Detection experiments of another bacterial model, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in blood culture media are presented. The crucial role played by the anticoagulant Sodium Polyanethole Sulfonate in non-specific interactions on antibodies is demonstrated. These interactions leading to a total loss of specificity for some antibodies are influenced by the isoelectric point (pI) of the probes which interact with this anionic compound and then attract blood components. After the partial resolution of this issue, we show the feasibility of detecting less than one bacteria per blood milliliter in a total volume of 32 milliliters, conditions close to real blood culture
Fuchs, Julia. „Etude Physico-chimique des puces à ADN: Stabilité du duplex d'ADN, détection des mutations ponctuelles et au-delà“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433465.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaplatine, Loïc. „Résolution spatiale en microscopie par résonance de plasmon de surface à couplage par prisme“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY044/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrism-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microscopy is an optical imaging technique invented in the late 60s'. Its main advantage lies in its high sensitivity to optical index or thickness variations at a metal surface. Therefore, the monitoring of biological reactions can be performed in real-time without labeling agent such as fluorescence or enzymes. Over the last 30 years, SPR microscopy has become the major technique in label-free biodetection. The field of application range from the determination of affinity constant in biochemistry to the detection of pathogenic bacteria via cellular biology. Until now, the propagation length of the surface plasmons has been considered as the spatial resolution limit. However, many examples do not support this statement. In this PhD thesis, we demonstrate that the resolution is also limited by optical aberrations induced by the prism used to couple light and surface plasmons. Thus, we are able to explain why the experimental resolution was usually worse than the predicted one. The analysis of the image formation and the quantification of aberrations lead us to suggest two new optical configurations optimized for resolution. We also analyze which metal exhibits the better trade-off between propagation length and sensitivity. Experimentally, we obtain a resolution between 1.5 and 4 μm depending on the direction, on field-of-view up to several mm2, and with a standard sensitivity for biodetection (monolayer of DNA). We are then able to observe simultaneously several thousands of individual eukaryote and prokaryote cells. Finally, we develop a prototype dedicated to the real-time monitoring of protein secretion by immune cells. The limits of SPR microscopy and the solutions which could allow this kind of study are discussed. Preliminary results on the improvement of bacterial detection are also presented
Brioude, Arnaud. „Couches ultra minces d'oxydes préparées par voie sol-gel : étude par résonance de plasmon de surface“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMidelet, Clyde. „Diélectrophorèse de nanoparticules en système microfluidique ˸ étude par vidéo-microscopie numérique et application à l'analyse par spectroscopie optique“. Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENSR0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe manipulation of micro- and nano- particles in solution can be achieved through the interactions of these objects with electromagnetic fields. Emitted light, continuous (DC) or alternating (AC) electric fields can be used. In the case of a non-uniform electric field applied between two electrodes separated by a few micrometers, very intense and localized field gradients are created. These field gradients localised close to the electrodes generates a motion of the mass solution (electro-hydrodynamic effects). The charges confined onto particles at the liquid/solid interface are also subjected to motion. Suspended particles undergo an attractive or repulsive force called dielectrophoresis.This force is described in the literature for insulating particles larger than 200 nm. In this study optical detection was used (dark field videomicroscopy or microfluidic spectroscopy) to expand the range of particle size (40-150 nm) and to study their dielectrophoretic responses. Indeed, the dielectrophoresis is dependent on the size of particles, their environment and the parameters of the applied electric field (frequency, amplitude, topology). The dielectrophoresis is in competition with the Brownian motion of these gold nanoparticles. By, knowing the dielectrophoretic response of these particles in solution, it is possible to vary parameters, such as the suspension composition of the particles or the complexity of the systems studied
Benghorieb, Soulef. „Modélisation des modifications des propriétés optiques de nouveaux matériaux nanostructurés par des particules métalliques“. Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to modeling of the optical properties of nanostructured dielectrics by metal particles. We interested in two aspects of the problem: the determination of effective index and field distribution of plasmon nanoparticles dispersed in such media. We have developed two numerical approaches. The first is devoted to the simulation of real and imaginary parts of the effective index of heterogeneous medium. In order to compare experience and theory, we have proposed an experimental approach to measure the effective refractive index of colloidal solutions containing metal or semiconductor nanospheres. The second aspect deals with the method of extraction of the field plasmon on the surface of metal nanosphere when it is excited by electromagnetic plane wave. The calculated effective index and field plasmon are done in function of characteristic parameters of nanoparticles and host matrix
Baril, Nathalie. „RMN dans un gradient d'induction oscillante : de l'imagerie de surface à la détection de mouvements“. Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12570.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeilvert, Anne. „Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation in vitro et in vivo d'agents de contraste pour l'imagerie moléculaire du coeur lipidique de la plaque d'athérosclérose“. Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA132004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImaging and quantifying the lipid core is a key to evaluate the risk of rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque. My goal is to develop MR contrast agent that will target the lipid core inside the atherosclerotic plaque. Our hypothesis is to mimic apolipoprotein A1 and mimetic D-4F behavior with lipids. D-4F is a soluble alpha helix peptide that binds to lipids via a cluster of aromatic amino acids. We believe that using a single aromatic amino acid or a combination of aromatic amino acids on a MR platform will efficiently target the lipid core. First, we developed a micellar platform functionalized with tyrosin-O-methylester. This compound was successfully tested in an ApoE-/- mouse model under western diet that develops atherosclerotic plaque. Then, we generalized this approach with a polysaccharide based MR contrast agent. Tyrosine-O-methylester was coupled to this platform as well as trityrosine and L-4F peptide. These compounds were evaluated first by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on immobilized lipoproteins and then in the ApoE-/- mouse model. In vivo results indicate an enhancement in the atherosclerotic plaque and in the lipid core that validates our hypothesis
St-Onge, Etienne. „Analyse et modélisation de la surface corticale et de l'architecture sous-jacente des axones“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8778.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGalopin, Élisabeth. „Adressage par microfluidique digitale : application à la détection de marqueurs biologiques par plasmon de surface et détection intégrée“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-223.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouchet, Dorian. „Transfert d'énergie engendré par plasmon et imagerie de super-résolution en champ proche de milieux nano-structurés“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we perform experimental measurements and data modelling to investigate spontaneous emission of fluorescent emitters in nanostructured environments. The manuscript is organised into two main parts.In the first part, we study micrometre-range energy transfer between fluorescent emitters in plasmonic environments. First of all, we characterise plasmon-mediated energy transfer between ensembles of fluorescent emitters located in the near field of a silver film. We thus determine the distance dependence of the energy transfer rate over micrometre distances. We then couple a single quantum dot and a fluorescent nanobead to a silver nanowire and we study evidences of the energy transfer between the two emitters, separated by several micrometres. We notably demonstrate a correlated blinking of the two emitters through the study of the correlation function of their fluorescence intensity.In the second part, we probe sub-wavelength spatial variations of the local density of electromagnetic states induced by nanostructured environments by means of different super-resolution microscopy techniques. To start with, we perform a three-dimensional study of the near-field interaction between a fluorescent nanobead and different silicon nanoantennas using a scanning-probe microscope. We then introduce a stochastic technique to experimentally determine the position and the fluorescence decay rate of single photo-activated molecules, with a localisation precision of the order of 10 nm. Finally, we use the Fisher information to estimate lower bounds on the standard errors on position and decay rate estimates performed in the context of single-molecule microscopy
Duperron, Matthieu. „Conception et caractérisation de nanoantennes plasmoniques pour la photodétection infrarouge refroidie“. Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe market for cooled infrared imaging technologies is growing fast due to a range of applications covering military, commercial and space. Current research for innovative systems focuses on high operating temperature and multispectral detectors.To achieve these aims, optical resonators can be used to concentrate electromagnetic fields in thin absorbing media. This thesis investigates the possibility of using plasmonic resonators for HgCdTe photodetection.Temporal coupled-mode theory is used to optimise analytically the absorption in a plasmonic resonator incorporating an absorbing semiconductor subject to the critical coupling condition. A design of a thin plasmonic HgCdTe diode is then described. This includes a hybrid plasmonic mode arising from the coupling between a surface plasmon and a cavity gap-plasmon mode
Banville, Frédéric. „Nanostructuration de surface pour l'imagerie à résonance de plasmons de surface de haute résolution“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn pharmacological research, living cells are widely used as the sensing medium for biological studies, such as cell apoptosis and cellular reorganization. Different characterization systems are developed to analyze and quantify biological information. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging is sensitive to minute refractive index variations occurring in a medium at the proximity of a metal layer. It has found many applications in pharmacological research since it allows the real-time image acquisition and does not require biological labeling like for fluorescence. However, the propagative nature of surface plasmons (PSPs) limits the spatial resolution by spreading the information in the direction of propagation of the PSPs. This means that it is difficult to spatially resolve details smaller than the attenuation length of the PSPs, generally of the order of tens of micrometers. Several research groups have worked on this limitation in order to improve the spatial resolution in SPR imaging. However, although spatial resolutions lower than that of the propagation have been obtained, those techniques require compromises, such as loss in temporal resolution or in refractive index.In this thesis project, plasmonic devices were designed and characterized in order to improve spatial resolution in SPR imaging, while minimizing compromises with other imaging parameters. These SPR chips are composed of nanostructured metal surfaces where the guided mode combines the properties of propagative plasmons and localized plasmons. An in-house numerical modeling software has demonstrated how the geometry of nanostructured surfaces can be optimized to reduce the attenuation length of the plasmonic mode, while maintaining a high imaging contrast. An optimum geometry was identified, and micron-sized structures have been observed using the optimized nanostructured SPR chips. Experimental results showed a reduction in propagation by a factor of 6.3 compared to uniform metal surfaces.The imaging performances of nanostructured SPR chips were assessed by studying cellular responses following pharmacological stimulation. The chips were used in real-time monitoring of integrity changes in confluent endothelial cell layer following stimulation. Quantification of intercellular gaps in the monolayers showed a significant increase in the number of small holes detected (~ 1μm2) when using nanostructured SPR chips. This increase in sensitivity to cellular activity is the result of improved spatial resolution. Finally, the study of morphology in highly linear cytoskeleton cell enabled the observation of subcellular structures and the monitoring of cytoskeleton reorganization in individual cells. The nanostructured SPR chips designed and realized during this thesis show a strong potential label-free live cell imaging
Diop, Bernand-Mantel Dior. „Films polymères minces à base de méthacrylate de glycidyle pour l'élaboration d'interfaces immunoréceptrices : étude par résonance de plasmon de surface“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610387.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiop, Dior. „Films polymères minces à base de méthacrylate de glycidyle pour l'élaboration d'interfaces immunoréceptrices : étude par résonance de plasmon de surface“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoblin, Matthieu. „Modélisation numérique et imagerie optique en champ proche par rétro-injection laser de guides d’onde plasmoniques“. Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is focused on the theoretical and experimental study of plasmonic waveguides operating at a wavelength of 1. 55µm. Such plasmonic waveguides are investigated for optical interconnections with sub-wavelength lateral confinement. Several computational codes have been developed as predictive tools for the design of structures but also for systematic comparisons with experimental measurements. First, a 2D model based on multilayer approach was used to identify and characterize plasmonic modes on planar waveguides. A mode solver was also developed to determine the eigenmodes in plasmonic waveguides with various transverse shapes. Finally, these two codes have been re-used to implemente the optical source in a numerical model based on Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) approach. This final model was used to simulate numerically plasmonic structures both in 2D or 3D. Two categories of plasmonic waveguides have been processed by electron beam lithography. A scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) based on laser feedback interferometry has been used to observe experimentally the optical properties in these structures. The first waveguiding structures were based on metallic stripes, with propagation length up to few hundred of µm but at low lateral confinement. The second series of waveguiding structures was based on DLSPP consisting of a sub-wavelength polymer ridge deposited on a gold layer. Such DLSPP optical waveguides allow sub-wavelength lateral light confinement and are investigated as efficient interconnection between highly integrated electronic devices and optical links
Bun, Sok-Sithikun. „Quantification non invasive de la fibrose cardiaque diffuse par imagerie de résonance magnétique et par cartographie endocavitaire“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0235/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFibrosis represents the main substrate for cardiac arrhythmias, either atrial or ventricular. MRI has become a critical tool to not only diagnose the presence of cardiac fibrosis, but also provides important informations on the prognosis and the follow-up of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in its persistent type. The gold standard is the Late Gadolinium Enhancement, allowing to reveal localized regions of fibrosis. Our study reported a technique for non invasive quantification of interstitial diffuse ventricular fibrosis in diabetic mice (T2 measurement high field MRI at 11,75 T). This fibrosis was significantly correlated to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in comparison with the control group. The next step was the transposition of this T2 measurement with MRI in the clinical setup of patients who undergo an AF ablation procedure. The second technique for atrial fibrosis assessment for patients suffering from AF is the invasive realization of left atrial voltage mapping. A new ultra-high definition system was used to quantify the fibrosis (dense scar) in regions with bipolar amplitude electrograms of less than 0,015 mV. This cutoff was far lower than the previously published definition of the dense scar in the literature (< 0,1 mV)
Pendery, Joel. „Organisation à l'échelle nano et imagerie de cristaux liquides et de colloïdes sur les surfaces“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066582.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation focuses on liquid crystals and the inherent orientational order that arises from these anisotropic materials. Quasi two-dimensional chiral patterns were scribed via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with robust control onto polyimide substrate, composed of achiral materials, yielding 3D chirality that was localized to within a few nanometers of the surface. The chirality was quantified through the surface electroclinic effect. In addition, a sample with a well-controlled easy axis was fabricated and a method to measure the local director orientation with 100 nm resolution using Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy yielded the true angular distribution function of the local order with high precision. Finally, gold nanoparticle self-assembly was studied within a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film. The open sample creates a striped texture and gold nanoparticles coated with thiol are deposited within the liquid crystal matrix. Polarized Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) measurements show an anisotropy between light polarized with respect to the stripe orientation. Evaporating the liquid crystal revealed disordered anisometric needle-like aggregates through AFM. Generalized Mie theory calculations, in conjunction with LSPR, found a smaller nanoparticle spacing in the CLC compared to a 2D monolayer of the same nanoparticles on a rubbed substrate or 1D chains in smectic A dislocations. The closer spacing suggests trapping sites within the CLC, where nanoparticles are first localized and then aggregate under van der Waals attraction aided and enhanced by the CLC and mediated by steric forces
Maillart, Emmanuel. „IMAGERIE PAR RESONANCE DES PLASMONS DE SURFACE POUR L'ANALYSE SIMULTANEE DE MULTIPLES INTERACTIONS BIOMOLECULAIRES EN TEMPS REEL“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006480.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoland, Thibault. „Localized Surface Plasmon Imaging : a non intrusive optical tool to cover nanometer to micrometer scales in biological systems“. Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENSL0538.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMost of the microscopy techniques used to study biological samples or processes relies on the use of markers or physical probes, which may modify artificially the phenomena considered. So as to propose an alternate to these techniques, a high resolution Scanning Surface Plasmon Microscope (SSPM) has been developed. Plasmons consist in collective oscillations of the free electrons at the surface of a metal. A high numerical aperture objective focuses the incident light on a small area of the metal/observation medium interface, which leads to the localization and the structuring of these waves here. Finally, the local variations of the sample dielectric index are detected while scanning the sample surface. First of all, we present the experimental principle of the SSPM, as well as a modelization of its response thanks to a 3D resolution of the Maxwell's equations. In chapter two, we study the structure of the thin gold films used during the SSPM experiments, after being deposited onto glass substrates by thermal evaporation. We address in the third chapter the problem of imaging in air and in water isolated nanoparticles of different sizes (from 10 to 200 nm of diameter). We show that this method is well suited to visualize such objects and also to discriminate them from their size or the material they are made of (depending on their dielectric index). Finally, we apply in the last chapter the SSPM to the visualization of unlabelled biological samples, such as nucleosomes (nucleoproteic complexes of about 10 nm of diameter) as well as human fibroblasts in which we resolve several subcellular structures (nucleus, nucleolus, cytoskeleton structures)
Vandenhecke, Ellick. „Nanostructuration de surfaces diélectriques par pulvérisation ionique pour guider la croissance de nanoparticules métalliques“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2272/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOn the one hand, the aim of this work is to understand and control the formation of periodic nanometric ripples produced by ion sputtering of dielectric thin films. On the other hand, these nanostructured surfaces are used to guide the growth and organization of silver nanoparticles. These anisotropic systems are characterized by a surface plasmon resonance whose spectral postion is dependent on the polarization of the incident light. We first study the influence of different ion beam sputtering parameters (the ions incidence angle and energy, temperature, energy, flux, fluence) on the ripple morphology (period, amplitude, order, ...) by AFM and GISAXS. The relevant parameters for the control of the ripple morphology are identified as well as some of the physical mechanisms involved. Then, we study the influence of the growth conditions on the structural properties of the nanoparticles (metal deposition angle, ripples pattern quality) by HAADF-STEM. We show that the preferential growth along the ripples is promoted by shadowing effects, thus leading to the formation of linear chains with period similar to the underlying ripples and with more or less elongated and aligned nanoparticles. This results in a far-field tunable optical anisotropy arising from polydisperse interparticle gaps (less than a few nanometers) as well as from more or less strong near-field coupling phenomena. These structures could offer potential for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications
Melo, Sánchez Claudia de. „Croissance sélective de Cu2O et Cu métallique par dépôt par couche atomique sur ZnO et leur application en optoélectronique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we present the results on the selective growth of Cu2O and metallic Cu by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on ZnO, Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and α-Al2O3 substrates. It was possible to tune the deposited material (Cu or Cu2O) by controlling the deposition temperature, and the substrate conductivity/density of donor defects. An area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) process was demonstrated on a patterned bi-layer structure composed of low-conductive ZnO, and highly-conductive AZO regions. Furthermore, the AS-ALD allows the fabrication of Cu2O/ZnO/AZO/Cu-back-electrode nanojunctions, as confirmed by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The mechanism behind the temperature and spatial selectivities is discussed. In a second part of this thesis, Cu nanoparticles (NP) were deposited by ALD on ZnO thin films. The Cu NP exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance, tunable from the visible to the near-infrared regions, as confirmed by spectroscopic ellipsometry. An enhanced visible photo-response was observed in the Cu NP/ZnO device thanks to the hot-electron generation at the surface of the plasmonic Cu NP and transfer into the conduction band of ZnO. Finally, semi-transparent Cu2O/ZnO heterojunctions were fabricated by ALD and reactive magnetron sputtering. The heterojunctions present a stable self-powered photo-response under 1 Sun illumination, fast response times and high transparency in the visible region, which is promising for all-oxide transparent electronics, photodetection and photovoltaics
Khanafer, Maher. „Nanostructures métalliques organisées par auto-assemblage de polymère pour la détection d’espèces chimiques“. Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have allowed for the emergence of novel sensing approaches. Amongst these various approaches, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) via the use of plasmonic substrates has received wide-spread attention due to its many interesting proper-ties. In fact, plasmonic substrates enhance the Ra-man signal up to 12 orders of magnitude, paving the path for single molecule detection. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of this technique is strongly affected by the physical and structural properties of the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). Thus, the mastering of the MNPs fabrication is a major challenge for various nanotechnological applications.In this context, we have developed a novel approach for the fabrication of organized NMPs through poly-mer self-assembly. The fabrication technique con-sists on controlling the physical interactions which occur during the fabrication through a nanophase separation in the polymer solution. This results in a nanostructuring of the polymer and a strong self-organization of the metallic precursor which is rapidly reduced into the MNPs. Experimental investigations of the different physical and chemical processes in play allow for a better understanding of the various keystone parameters of the nanostructuring as well as for determining their influences on the dimensions and optical response of MNPs. Finally, the fabricated plasmonic substrate demonstrated SERS limits of detection down to 10-13 M
Bavard, Alexis. „Nanostructuration de surface de plaques de silicium (001) par révélation d'un réseau de dislocations enterrées pour l'auto-organisation à longue distance de nanostructures“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLn order to carry on the trend of optical and electronical devices dimensions shrinking, nanostructures are expected to be an alternative solution to convention al microelectronics technology. Nevertheless, to be exploited, the size, density and positioning of these nanostructures have to be accurately controlled. To avoid time consuming solutions, collective growth is privileged and long range positional order displays in general only if the surface is first prepared. Ln this framework, we developed a nanopatterned substrate by revealing of a buried dislocations (20) regular network elaborated by direct twist bonding of (001) silicon wafers. Use of preferential chemical etching has been optimized to reveal dislocations lines creating at the surface a square network of silicon nano-dots disjointed by nano-trenches more or less deep. This kind of template has been tested to induce a long range positional order of Ge dots and metalli nanoparticles (Ni, Au, Ag). We shown that self-organization of these nanostructures was possible only if the energetic barrier induced by trenches depth was large enough to prevent the kinetic effects. Ln these conditions, self-assembled Ge islands have been analyzed by X¬rays methods and metallic nanoparticles by plasmon resonance
Bavard, Alexis. „Nanostructuration de surface de plaques de silicium (001) par révélation d'un réseau de dislocations enterrées pour l'auto-organisation à longue distance de nanostructures“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185768.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDalstein, Laetitia. „Etude par spectroscopie optique non linéaire du couplage entre plasmon de surface de nanoparticules métalliques et excitation vibrationnelle de molécules adsorbées à leur surface“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS222/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOptical properties of metallic nanoparticles, exhibiting a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the visible range, are nowadays extensively used to detect and characterize chemical entities, either in solution or deposited on substrates (e.g. sensors). In this work, I have optimized the creation of interfaces composed of 15nm in diameter gold nanoparticles on silicon and glass substrates after functionnalization by silanes, and their chemical and optical characterization by linear and nonlinear optical methods. I have used UV-visible spectroscopy in reflexion and transmission geometries, coupled to electronic and atomic force microscopies, with the help of optical simulations, to correlate the optical properties of the particles to their local density at the surface. Nonlinear sum frequency generation spectroscopy is able to probe the surface chemistry of both the particles and the substrate, through a local amplification of optical processes due to the excitation of the SPR. After showing that the latter does indeed amplify the low intensity molecular SFG signals from the silane layer, I have revealed the presence, in the organic layer, of unreacted methyl groups arising from an incomplete silanization, evidenced the link between plasmonic and chemical stability in time and laser irradiation, finely assessed the quality of surface functionnalization of the particles by thiols, and established the linear relationship between linear and nonlinear optical responses at the surface. Finally, I have directly studied the amplification process itself by coupling to the SPR through two dimension spectroscopic studies in the visible and infrared ranges. I have shown that the coupling is indeed measurable, even on small deposited particles, and that it happens in the spectral zone where the surface plasmon exists (from green to red). A comparison to flat platinum and gold surfaces leads to a fine estimation of amplification factors, which correspond to the predictions of a simple model for the plasmonic processes at stake at such interfaces
Li, Muchen. „Determination of dissociation constant of DNA/DNA hybridization by three different surface techniques : comparison of surface plasmon resonance, fluorescent microarray and evanescent field fluorescence“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiosensors are powerful detection and analysis tools that have been widely applied in pharmaceuticals, healthcare, biomedical research, and environmental monitoring. However different biosensors use different transducers and therefore different substrates and surface chemistries. All of these parameters may have an effect on the biomolecular reactions at the interface and lead to a deviation in dissociation constant Kd measurements. In this context, this PhD work aimed at comparing three different techniques: fluorescent microarray, evanescent field fluorescence biosensor and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, to determine DNA hybridization Kd. For the classical fluorescence microarray, the substrate is a glass slide and the detection is performed at the end of the experiment. In the case of evanescent field fluorescence biosensor, polystyrene is the substrate and it permits a real-time detection. SPR is performed on thin gold film. It is a real-time and a label-free technique. The two fluorescent based techniques require to label the targets with fluorescent dyes prior to the measurements. One important factor determining the performance of the analysis is the surface chemistry of the sensor chip. Herein, we have optimized gold surface chemistry for thiol modified DNA grafting. We studied two cleaning methods: piranha solution and oxygen plasma, aiming at obtaining a clean gold surface without oxidation of the gold. Then, we optimized SPR assay parameters such as interfacial structure of sensor chip, ionic strength... After, these three techniques were used to measure the DNA hybridization Kd. The results showed that the Kds measured are similar for the three techniques. In addition, increasing surface probe density resulted in an increase of Kd of DNA hybridization
Florent, Tiphaine. „Caractérisation d’inhibiteurs d’anhydrase carbonique IX, études de complexes supramoléculaires et interactions moléculaires par résonance plasmonique de surface“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S057/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbonic anhydrase (CA) IX expression is increased upon hypoxia and has been proposed as a therapeutic target since it has been associated with poor prognosis, tumor progression and pH regulation. A new class of human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) inhibitors, diarylpyrazole sulfonamide derivatives, has been synthesized in our team. These compounds have a very limited water solubility which limits their pharmaceutical development. The complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) offers the possibility to improve their solubility without affecting their original structure and has proved to be one of the most effective. The studies of the complexes formed between our compounds and various CDs have been performed, in order to choose the most appropriate CD. We investigate by NMR and capillary electrophoresis the complexes formed between six original diarylpyrazole sulfonamide derivatives and six CDs (native -, - and - CDs, hydroxypropylated HP--CD, methylated Me--CD or amino NH2--CD) at physiological pH. Futhermore, as these compounds have a chiral center, it was essential to separate their enantiomers and verify their optical purities before envisaging the study of their pharmacological activity. The enantiomeric purification was performed by three separative methods, the high performance liquid chromatography, the supercritical fluid chromatography and the capillary electrophoresis. This study permit to obtain optically pure compound in order to determine affinity of carbonic anhydrase. To determine the affinities of derivatives with isoforms, we performed first a comparison of three label-free methods for quantitative assessment of binding strength between carbonic anhydrase II and sulfonamides derivatives. The formation constants have been determined by surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry and thermal shift assay, which characterize the interaction between two partners. This study was useful to select and to validate the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the molecular interaction between carbonic anhydrases and all our derivatives. Affinities of sixteen compounds for three carbonic anhydrase isoforms (CA II, IX and XII) were then determined by SPR. These compounds have nanomolar affinities for three isoforms. Two compounds have affinities with great interest for the isoform CA IX, and a good selectivity CA IX versus CA II and should be considered as lead compounds. Additionally, some of optically pure compounds have shown an enantioselectivity for the AC isoforms
Duval, Aurélien. „Système de biopuces à imagerie plasmonique polarimétrique pour la caractérisation dynamique de l'anisotropie de films nano-fonctionnalisés et nano-structurés“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426690.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMelaine, Feriel. „Biopuce à aptamères : application à la détection de petites molécules par imagerie de résonnance plasmonique de surface“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY054/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAptamers are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA molecules capable of binding to target molecules, including proteins, metal ions and drugs. Because of their specific binding abilities and many advantages over antibodies (higher stability, lower cost, easy chemical modification…), they provide a great opportunity to produce sensing surfaces for effective and selective detection of small molecules. Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) has become one of the most widely used label-free method for the study of biorecognition events on sensor surfaces. This technique provides a rapid approach, however, limited by low refractive index changes occurring when small molecules (<2000 Da) are captured on the sensor. Whereas significant reflectivity variation is observed upon the interaction of large molecules like proteins with the sensing interface, for small molecules targets such adenosine, the reflectivity variation is often too small to be detected by SPRi. Thereby, only few studies have been reported so far on SPRi-based biosensor for small molecules detection using aptamers. In this work, we developed two bioassay strategies for the detection of a model small molecule, adenosine, using Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging. The first one combines the SPRi signal enhancement effect induced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the advantage of using engineered DNA aptamers. The experimental results have demonstrated that the presence of gold nanoparticles and adenosine, which works as a molecular linker between engineered aptamer fragments, can significantly increase the SPRi response. The second strategy is based on the thermodynamics of binding between adenosine and its aptamer. To that end, SPRi technique was coupled with rigorous temperature control and aptamer duplex stability was monitored (affected by target binding) by quantification of melting transitions. Our results initiate a new approach for small molecule detection using SPRi with the aim to validate future prospects for integration in parallelized platform
Roussille, Ludovic. „Suivi quantitatif in situ d'interactions biomoléculaire par microscopie optique SEEC“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA1030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis was supported by National Agency for Research with the project: ANR PNANO-07 SEEC. The Surface Enhanced Ellipsometric Contrast (SEEC) microscopy has invented in 2000 at Le Mans (France). This technique allows the visualization of nanoscopic object between crossed analyzer and polarizer. It’s possible if some special multilayer surfaces are used. There surfaces must have the particularity to not change the polarization of light during the reflection. Until the beginning of the project the SEEC microscopy was useful only for air observations. The goal of the thesis was to adapt this technique to observe on gold surfaces immerged in water and to compare the performance of the SEEC microscopy with Surface Plasmonique Resonance (SPR) in that configuration. The SPR is a biomolecular interaction study reference technique. SEEC microscopy lateral resolution was evaluate by fluorescence microscopy. Next, we realize two model experiments monitor in parallel by SEEC microscopy and by SPR: BSA immobilization and biotinylated IgG fixation by immobilized streptavidine. To compare measurements efficiently we did a huge preparation work (surface functionalizations and microfluidic) to have exactly same conditions in both techniques.Our results show SEEC microscopy cannot replace SPR for biomolecular interaction studies but it can be used as cheap immunological diagnostic technique. This work gives the path to follow on that direction
Poirier-Quinot, Marie. „Microscopie locale par résonance magnétique chez l'homme et le petit animal à l'aide d'antennes miniatures en cuivre ou en céramique supraconductrice“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175845.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans ce contexte, des antennes miniatures en cuivre micromoulé ou en céramique supraconductrice ont été conçues sur le principe des lignes de transmission et fabriquées par micro technologie. Nous les avons caractérisées électriquement et en imagerie afin d'évaluer leur performance.
Nous avons poursuivi l'exploration de plusieurs applications biomédicales ouvertes par l'utilisation d'une antenne supraconductrice à 1,5T, qui est l'intensité de champ la plus courante en IRM. Cette approche a permis d'accéder à des résolutions spatiales de (60 µm)3
isotrope sur des régions explorées telles que les zone périphériques du corps humain ou sur différents sites de la souris, avec des RSB 4 à 15 fois supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec une structure analogue en cuivre à température ambiante. D'après la théorie de Hoult-Lauterbur, un gain en RSB comparable serait obtenu avec un détecteur RF conventionnel au prix d'une
augmentation considérable de l'intensité du champ, entre 4 et 14 T.
Les résolutions ainsi accessibles sont comparables à celles couramment obtenues avec des équipements d'IRM haut champ, plus coûteux et de mise en œuvre complexe. Dans certains domaines de la recherche biomédicale, l'utilisation des antennes supraconductrices pourrait être envisagée comme une alternative aux hauts champs.
Roblin, Matthieu. „Modélisation numérique et imagerie optique en champ proche par rétro-injection laser de guides d'onde plasmoniques“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937778.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhaywah, Mohammad Yehia. „New ultrasensitive bimetallic substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering“. Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDriven by the interest in finding ultrasensitive sensors devices, reliable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based substrates are fabricated. Silver and gold nanoparticles are two of the best candidates for SERS substrates where Ag nanoparticles exhibit large enhancing ability in Raman intensity while Au nanostructures are stable in biological systems. Hence, combining the two metals in bimetallic nanostructures appeared to be a promising approach in order to sum the merits of Au surface properties and Ag enhancing ability. Thermal annealing of thin metallic films is used as a simple and relatively inexpensive technique to elaborate homogenous and reproducible Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles SERS substrates with high enhancing ability. The fabricated nanoparticles proved their enhancing stability even after one year of fabrication. Manipulating the composition of Ag/Au bimetallic NPs resulted in tuning the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) over the whole visible spectrum, where the substrates are characterized with higher SERS enhancement when they exhibit LSPR closer to the Raman excitation wavelength. Additionally, bimetallic nanoparticles patterns with different size, composition and lattice constants have been conducted by electron beam lithography. The systematic study of their interesting plasmonic and SERS enhancing properties revealed maintenance in the LSPR-SERS relation by changing the nanoparticle size
Marquestaut, Nicolas. „Effets d'exaltations par des nanostructures métalliques : application à la microscopie Raman en Champ Proche“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13812/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work focuses on Raman scattering enhancements by metallic nanostructures. In the first part of this work, arrays of metallic patterns with nanometer dimensions were fabricated by the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition technique and electron-beam lithography. Such structures made of gold were fabricated onto microscope slides with the goal to enhance the Raman signal through SERS effect (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy). These patterns formed by an assembly of triangular nanostructures with sizes of hundreds of nanometers, exhibit plasmon resonance bands in the visible spectral region. By using an appropriate excitation laser source with respect to the plasmon frequency, Raman enhancement factors of a monolayer were found to be of several order of magnitude for both Langmuir-Blodgett and electron-beam lithography platforms. To further complement these results, gold wires arrays with large aspect ratio made by electron-beam lithography showed multipolar plasmon resonances with enhancement factors up to 105. In the second part of this thesis, near-field Raman microscopy has been developed with the aim to localize precisely the Raman enhancement and improve spatial resolution of Raman measurements. Atomic force microscopy gold tips have been used to locally enhance scattering signal of molecules in close proximity to the tip opening new opportunities. This approach known as TERS (Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) is of significant interest to probe nanomaterials, nanostructures or monolayers. Software and mechanical developments have been made between a confocal Raman microscope and an atomic force microscope to control simultaneously both instruments. This experimental setup was used to characterize gallium nitride semi-conductors nanowires with spatial resolution better than 200 nm
Zhu, Yunlong. „Exploration of Interferometric Detection Methods based on Continuous Phase Modulation“. Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, interference signals with continuous phase modulations are theoretically and experimentally analyzed in order to develop cost-efficient solutions for sensing application in mechanics and optics.Several common phase modulation functions and phase retrieval algorithms are presented. We mainly focus on sinusoidal phase modulation (SPM), which is especially attractive for the most accessible modulators (e.g. electro-optical or piezoelectrical modulators). In such case, the demodulation process must handle synchronization issue as well as a possible intensity modulation induced by the SPM. Mathematical solutions are proposed in this context. These demodulation techniques are then applied to three experimental devices developed during this thesis. First of all, a lens-less co-axis digital holography setup has been built, and SPM has been applied for imaging and displacement measurement. Then we use a dual-frequency modulation technique to perform two-dimensional deformation field measurements using an original ESPI (Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) device. This approach allows for simultaneous measurement of the displacement along two different axes using a single laser and a single camera. Finally, we present a compact SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) instrument implementing SPM interferometric detection through wavelength modulation, where the amplitude modulation is successfully taken into account
Chevrier, Kevin. „Cohérence dans les systèmes métal/organique en couplage fort : états étendus et métasurfaces“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1235.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis experimental thesis focuses on the manipulation and control of hybrid plasmon/exciton states. These states, called polaritons, build on the strong light/matter interaction. The strong coupling regime induces collective effects and coherence, by coupling emitters spatially separated and otherwise independents. The work conducted in this thesis aims to control and handle the spatial extension of the coherent states in order to create novel materials. Two approaches are exploited to impact the light/matter interaction. The first method is based on the improvement of the optical mode: we demonstrated the strong interaction between organic semiconductor (J-aggregate) excitons and long-range surface plasmons. This plasmonic mode allows to enhanced the extension of the coherent domain up to 50 µm. The second method acts on the active material. We evidenced a new type of metasurface based on a structuration of the excitonic layer at the micrometer scale: smaller than the coherent length but significantly larger than the wavelength. The typical metasurface effects, such as effective behavior and geometry sensitivity are highlighted. We use this feature to tailor the band structure and generate an important anisotropic effect associated with the geometry of the structuration, leading to controlled emission polarization