Dissertationen zum Thema „Imagerie hyperspectrale – Appareils et matériel“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Imagerie hyperspectrale – Appareils et matériel" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Gouisset, Emmanuel. „Développement et étude de la réponse instrumentale d'un imageur hyperspectral large bande (UV-Visible-NIR) permettant la caractérisation physico-chimique de contaminants sur surfaces sensibles d’engins orbitaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of failure analysis and in particular molecular and particulate contamination, being able to detect any trace of contaminants during the integration of an orbital spacecraft is crucial. In this context, fluorescence allows not only to detect but also to discriminate contaminants. For this project, we have therefore developed a broadband hyperspectral instrument (UV-Vis-NIR) from 330 to 1000 nm to be able to detect a wide range of contaminants. It is a catoptric assembly that eliminates chromatic aberrations. The field of view is 3.5° for an angular resolution of 25 arc seconds. It was designed to be portable and its fixed mechanical assembly allows easy optical alignment and rapid creation of calibration files between two scenes. We measured a spectral resolution of 1 nm in the UV range, 2 to 3 nm in the visible range and 5 nm in the NIR range. This allowed us to study the fluorescence response of two epoxy glues, typical sources of orbital spacecraft contamination, and to compare it with a measurement obtained with a commercial instrument. These measurements allowed us to evaluate the performance of our instrument and identify prospects of improvement, especially in terms of sensitivity in UV range
Temal, Lynda. „Ontologie de partage de données et d'outils de traitement dans le domaine de la neuroimagerie“. Rennes 1, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/temal.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMénard, Laurent. „Étude, développement et évaluation clinique d'un imageur gamma per-operatoire“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTaron, Maxime. „Ecalage et modélisation de formes avec incertitudes : contributions et applications à la segmentation avec a priori statistique“. Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0734.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlahuta, Samuel. „Etude et optimisation de matériaux scintillateurs pour l'imagerie médicale“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066740.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagimel-Pelonnier, Vincent. „Traitement d'images : vers l'extraction automatique de paramètres : application à la cardiologie en médecine nucléaire“. Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10528.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMulé, Sébastien. „Méthodologie pour l’évaluation de la microcirculation en imagerie ultrasonore de contraste“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging is a modality of growing interest in human and small animal studies for the estimation of microcirculation parameters. Nevertheless, estimated microcirculation parameters are still impaired by several artefacts: the contrast agent concentration, microbubble attenuation and motion that is present in the acquisitions. The aim of this work is to propose a methodology for assessing microcirculation in small animal CEUS studies by investigating original methods to correct for these artefacts. An a posteriori frame selection method has been proposed. This method, based on a Principal Component Analysis and that integrates a priori information about the respiratory frequency, allows the selection of the frames acquired at the same respiratory phase. A method for estimating microbubble attenuation in vivo has also been developed. This method provides a dynamic microbubble-specific sequence without shadowing artefacts and therefore more reliable than available from original sequences. These methods, which have been implemented in a user friendly software, have been applied and validated in renal perfusion studies in a murine and a porcine model. Especially, their interest in assessing tumor microcirculation and the efficacy of an antiangiogenic treatment has been highlighted
Cottereau, Benoit. „Modèles hiérarchiques en imagerie MEG/EEG : application à la création rapide de cartes rétinotopiques“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen combined with image reconstruction techniques, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) may open new windows for the observation and exploration of time-resolved brain processes at the local--regional spatial scale. The ill-posedness of the associated inverse problem however, necessitates the introduction of image models as regularizing priors. Basic priors -- e. G. Quadratic in the norm of the expected neural currents -- yield images of brain activity that are often too smeared for the satisfactory elucidation of specific neuroscience questions that focus on localization. On the other hand, more sophisticated prior image models -- even though they would theoretically improve the detection of sparse-focal current distributions -- suffer from scalability issues that imped their practical impact. In this PhD work, my primary objective was to reconcile the best of both approaches. I have derived a multiresolution imaging technique which proceeds iteratively to the fit of image models based on the parcellation of the cortical surface. This latter derives from anatomical and functional priors such as the curvature of the cortical manifold, and/or the coregistration to some atlas relevant to the neuroscience investigation. Technically, the multiresolution imaging technique is approached as an empirical model selection procedure optimized according to the least-generalized cross validation (GCV) error principle. Further, the piecewise current model is adequately approached using a compact parametric model based on equivalent current multipoles
Cornelis, Francois. „Imagerie oncologique et modélisation mathématique : développement, optimisation et perspectives“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0121/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work performed at the Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux (IMB) from 2010 to 2015 under the direction of Thierry Colin and Olivier Saut describes the creation and gradual development of a set of theories, techniques and tools linking medical imaging and applied mathematics in order to consider their clinical application in the short term in oncology. The first goal was to optimize the spatial models of tumor growth developed at the IMB including microscopic and macroscopic elements obtained by analyzing the information available on imaging explorations. Several steps were performed to better understand the in vivo modeling. Various organs and tumor types were investigated, especially in the lung, liver, and kidney. These locations were studied successively to progressively enrich the model by the answers they brought and thus respond to clinical reality. Concomitantly, tools were integrated to standardize the data collection process and help to refine the therapeutic evaluation by imaging with digital markers. The implementation of functional imaging in clinical practice has become a reality. The goal is ultimately to apply prospectively these support tools in a daily practice. Modelling was also applied in interventional oncology for the study of the electric field distribution after percutaneous irreversible electroporation in the prostate and soon in the liver. This will allow a better control of the ablation areas and thereby improve the safety and efficacy of these treatments
Trillaud, Christian. „Elaboration et conception d'un système d'acquisition multivoie pour la tomographie d'impédance électrique“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaril, Nathalie. „RMN dans un gradient d'induction oscillante : de l'imagerie de surface à la détection de mouvements“. Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12570.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoivin, Jonathan. „Conception et caractérisation d'un dosimètre à fibre scintillante pour des applications en imagerie diagnostique et interventionnelle“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26905.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the development of a plastic scintillation detector for low energy photon eams. The main goal of the project consists in the design and characterization of this tool in the aim of measuring the radiation dose involved during diagnostic and interventional radiology examinations. The first section is devoted to the design of six different systems and to their performance evaluation when they are exposed to high and low energy radiation. For all photodetectors, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5% for dose rates higher than 3 mGy/s. This systematic approach identified the photomultiplier tube as the most appropriate photodetector for radiology specific beam qualities. Indeed, its RSD was less than 1% when the dose rate was below 0.10 mGy/s. The result analysis allowed the suggestion of some guidelines for the selection of an appropriate detector for a specific application. The second part was about this detector application to interventional radiology procedures by performing dose measurements at an anthropomorphic phantom surface. Several clinically relevant setups were reproduced to observe the detector’s accuracy and reliability. The RSD remained under 2% when the dose rate was more than 3 mGy/min and about 10% at the lowest dose rate (0.25 mGy/min). Phantom measurements showed a dose rate difference between the detector and the ion chamber of less than 4% when moving the table’s height or rotating the fluoroscope gantry. Moreover, this difference was below 2% for depth dose rate measurements. The last subject of this thesis was about the fundamental physics of scintillation within the plastic scintillators. The factors affecting the light emission were analyzed in order to identify their respective contribution. The detector’s response increased by a factor of about 4 when the tube potential varied between 20 kVp and 250 kVp. The clear optical response was below 0.5%of the scintillator’s light when the fibers were exposed on 10 cm-long by these beam qualities. he ionization quenching phenomenon was also investigated. The signal attenuation varied with the beam energy and reached about 20% for a 20 kVp beam quality. In conclusion, this study suggests that the plastic scintillation detectors can accurately measure the radiation dose involved in diagnostic and interventional radiology, but a rigorous calibration is essential.
Rougé-Labriet, Hélène. „Développement de l'imagerie X biomédicale en contraste de phase par tavelures“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOsteoarticular diseases are one of the most common causes of chronic pain, but their diagnosis and understanding can be complex. Different imaging methods are available to describe joint conditions such as radiography, MRI, CT scan or ultrasound, but none of them can depict all the anatomical components in a single image. For the past two decades, X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) are constantly being under development because of their superiority for imaging low density objects and its ability to a simultaneous visualization of all tissues. But the extraction of the phase signal is not directly possible, making this information not very often retrieved. The required gold standard instrumentation for PCI is currently a synchrotron facility, limiting clinical applications due to limited access.Several PCI techniques have already been developed and, despite the advances in the literature, they still face many challenges, both instrumental and dosimetric. In this context, the main motivation of this PhD was to propose and develop a phase contrast imaging technique that is easily transferable to conventional sources. The speckle based PCI technique was chosen because, compared to other PCI techniques, it appears to be the most suitable technique for the dose aspects. In addition, it does not require neither an expensive instrumentation nor the specific properties of synchrotron radiation to be implemented. Despite these benefits, it required many algorithmic developments and optimization of the experimental configurations before a transfer on conventional sources.In the first part of the thesis, we propose to show the diagnostic potential of the PCI for osteoarticular applications by imaging anatomical pieces and small animal osteoarticular models. The development and the optimization of speckle based PCI was first performed using the ideal conditions of the European synchrotron source. In particular, a new phase retrieval algorithm has been implemented permitting to reduce the delivered dose while maintaining a constant image quality compared to other speckle based PCI techniques. Several acquisition schemes and experimental conditions were tested. A new instrumental solution for speckle generation has been created. Finally, under these optimized conditions, measurements were made with various conventional X-ray sources. The results obtained have demonstrated the feasibility of the transfer on standard sources under compatible experimental conditions of clinical and pre-clinical imaging routines. This transfer could improve the understanding of the osteoarticular diseases as well as the follow-up of different therapeutic strategies and finally an earlier diagnosis
Girard, Olivier Maciej. „Apport d’antennes miniatures en matériau supraconducteur en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique du ciblage moléculaire et cellulaire chez le petit animal“. Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on small animal models is increasingly needed in biomedical research to develop new diagnostic means. However this technique suffers from a lack of specificity which is still to be improved to detect early degenerative diseases such as cancer. Molecular imaging using targeted Contrast Agents (CA) is a promising tool to reach this goal. We present hereby a cross-disciplinary work with this purpose. A first issue of this work deals with contrast physical principles involved in MRI. A theoretical study allows evidencing the presence of an optimal field strength (~1-1. 5 T) for paramagnetic targeted CA detection. This is validated experimentally. Highly sensitive detection coils made of superconductive material are presented and fully implemented in a clinical 1. 5 T MRI system. An original characterization method of such coils is developed to manage their performances and in order to be used as a tool for new coil designs. This method accounts for the nonlinear behavior of the material. Two in vivo experimental studies are presented in the last part of this work. They were performed on mouse-implanted human tumor models using a new generation of CA developed by Guerbet, a firm involved in this work. It was not possible to validate undoubtedly the specificity of this CA from these first results. However the methodological improvements of this work will allow rationalizing imaging protocols in the near future, and will lead to significant progress in this field of research
Fakri-Bouchet, Latifa. „Méthodologie et instrumentation pour l'étude de tissus biologiques par résonance magnétique : conception, caractérisation de résonateurs et applications à l'imagerie articulaire "in vivo"“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBekaert, Virgile. „Développement d'un tomographe à émission monophotonique dédié au petit animal“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BEKAERT_Virgile_2006.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeclerc, Sébastien. „L'inhomogénéité du champ radiofréquence en résonance magnétique nucléaire : expériences et simulations“. Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0038_LECLERC.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the use of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In a first chapter, we present a software for generating and simulating NMR pulse sequences, taking in account the various inhomogeneity types. These simulations were used to design experiments aimed at the determination of CSA-dipolar cross-correlation rate. The second chapter deals with the design of new procedures to select a thin slice of a sample and based on natural radiofrequency field inhomogeneity. We used these procedures, along with a vertical sample displacement, to observe the evolution of the NMR spectrum in a heterogeneous sample. In the third chapter, we present a new method for measuring self-diffusion coefficients based on slice selection procedures. This method was successfully tested on various compounds
Bruneau, Michael. „Apport de l'étude anatomique et de l'imagerie peropératoire dans la chirurgie de l'artère vertébrale: développement de nouveaux concepts et matériel“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209889.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe premier travail a été axé sur l’étude de l’anatomie et des variations anatomiques de l’artère vertébrale. Les hypothèses suivantes ont été soulevées, relatives à l’incidence des variations anatomiques du 2ème segment de l’artère vertébrale, telles les anomalies de niveau de pénétration dans le foramen transverse et les boucles vasculaires. Une vaste étude anatomique de 500 trajectoires d’artère a été entreprise, basée sur des imageries par tomodensitométrie et résonance magnétique. Elle a permis de déceler 7% d’anomalies de niveau de pénétration et la présence de boucles vasculaires médiales dans 2% des cas, sous forme de boucles soit corporéales, soit foraminales.
Ensuite, toujours dans le but de sécuriser cette chirurgie complexe, s’est posée la question de l’intérêt de l’imagerie peropératoire jusqu’alors peu développée. Cette question est devenue d’autant plus pertinente qu’est apparue une nouvelle technique d’imagerie peropératoire jusqu’alors jamais testée dans les procédures liées à l’artère vertébrale extracrânienne. Cette technique, la vidéoangiographie peropératoire à la fluorescéine, a fait l’objet d’un travail multicentrique basé sur 9 interventions chirurgicales, avec pour objectifs de juger de son applicabilité, de ses limitations et intérêts, tant pour localiser l’artère durant l’abord chirurgical, que pour la visualiser après son exposition et vérifier sa perméabilité. Il a été observé que le premier segment de l’artère vertébrale possédait un aspect vidéoangiographique différent de celui des 2ème et 3ème segments, ainsi que de celui de l’artère carotide commune. De plus, des phases artérielle et veineuse ont été distinguées. Cet aspect vidéoangiographique peut être corrélé à l’anatomie de l’artère. L’intérêt de la technique réside dans l’aide qu’elle apporte pour déterminer la perméabilité du vaisseau ainsi que pour le localiser plus précisément au sein de la gaine périostée. Tant que celle-ci n’est pas exposée, la vidéoangiographie n’apporte par contre pas d’informations pertinentes pour sa localisation qui doit être strictement recherchée par les repères anatomiques usuels adaptés selon l’iconographie préopératoire.
Sur base de ces connaissances théoriques et chirurgicales, 2 nouvelles techniques opératoires ont été décrites et appliquées dans des indications très particulières. La première consiste en une technique de mobilisation du premier segment de l’artère en raison d’importantes tortuosités qu’il convenait de libérer pour restaurer l’accessibilité endovasculaire à une lésion intracrânienne. La seconde est une technique de fixation de l’atlas permettant de stabiliser une fracture tout en préservant la mobilité de l’articulation atlanto-axoïdienne.
Enfin, de nouvelles voies de recherche et de développements futurs ont été ouvertes sur base de travaux embryologiques, histologiques et anatomo-radiologiques qui ont été initiés pour juger de leur faisabilité future.
En conclusion, bien que complexe, la chirurgie au voisinage de l’artère vertébrale ouvre des voies d’abord spécifiques à certaines pathologies, raison pour laquelle elle mérite une attention toute particulière. De nouvelles procédures chirurgicales peuvent être développées, ainsi que des nouveaux concepts et matériel visant à améliorer la qualité de vie des patients. La singularité anatomique de l’artère vertébrale nécessite une connaissance détaillée et l’application d’une technique chirurgicale stricte. Avec le but poursuivi d’améliorer la sécurité de l’intervention chirurgicale, les travaux effectués ont clairement mis en évidence la nécessité d’une analyse approfondie de l’anatomie de l’artère vertébrale à un niveau individuel avant toute procédure. Les techniques d’imagerie intraopératoire peuvent apporter des informations utiles mais leurs avantages et limitations respectifs doivent être bien connus.
/
Surgery around the vertebral artery requires a detailed knowledge of the anatomy and the application of a strict surgical technique. The main theme of these thesis works will be not only the improvement of the surgical security but also the development of new techniques allowing surgical indications widening.
The first work has been devoted to the study of the vertebral artery anatomy and variations. The following hypotheses have been raised, related to the incidence of anatomical variations of the second vertebral artery segment, such as the abnormal level of entrance into the transverse foramen and vessel loops. A large anatomical study consisting in 500 arterial trajectories has been performed, based on computed tomographic and resonance magnetic imagings. This study detected 7% of abnormal levels of entrance and the presence of vessel loops in 2% of the cases, either corporeal or foraminal loops.
Subsequently, the interest of intraoperative imaging techniques uncommonly applied until now has been questioned again with the goal to secure this complex surgery. This question was especially more relevant since the development of a new intraoperative imaging modality never tested in surgeries related to the extracranial vertebral artery. This technique, the intraoperative videoangiography using fluorescein, has been analyzed through a multicentric work based on 9 surgical procedures, with the goals to define its applicability, its limitations and interests for localizing the artery during the approach and for visualizing it after its exposure and checking its patency. It has been noted that the first vertebral artery segment appeared differently on videoangiography than the second and third ones, and than the common carotid artery. Moreover, arterial and venous phases should be distinguished. This videoangiographic aspect can be correlated with the vertebral artery anatomy. The interest of this technique lies in its help for confirming vessel patency and localizing it precisely inside the periosteal sheath. As far as the artery is not exposed, videoangiography brings no relevant information for its localization which must remain absolutely defined based on usual anatomical landmarks fitted to preoperative imaging.
Based on theoretical and surgical backgrounds, 2 new surgical techniques have been described and applied in specific surgical indications. The first one consists in a technique of rerouting of the first vertebral artery segment due to severe kinks that must be released for restoring the endovascular accessibility to an intracranial lesion.
Finally, new research approaches and future developments have been planed based on embryological, histological and anatomo-radiological works that have been started for evaluating their future feasability.
In conclusion, although complex, surgery around the vertebral artery opens specific surgical approaches to some pathologies, deserving for this reason some consideration. New surgical procedures can be developed, as well as new concepts and material with the goal to improve patient’s quality of life. The specific anatomy of the vertebral artery requires a detailed knowledge and application of a rigorous surgical technique. With the goal to improve surgical safety, works performed have clearly highlighted the necessity of an in-depth knowledge of the vertebral artery anatomy on an individual basis before any surgery. Intraoperative imaging techniques can contribute to bring relevant information but their respective advantages and limitations must be well-known.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Azpiroz, Leehan Joaquin. „Etude et réalisation d'un processeur cablé pour la compression d'images médicales dans un environnement pacs“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMP0472.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAzpiroz, Leehan Joaquin. „Etude et réalisation d'un processeur cablé pour la compression d'images médicales dans un environnement PACS“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD472.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrémillieux, Yannick. „Méthodologies pour l'imagerie par résonance magnétique utilisant la technique de projection-reconstruction“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouffaud, Rémi. „Modélisation et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux piézoélectriques (sans plomb et composites de connectivité 1-3) pour la transduction ultrasonore“. Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePiezoelectric ceramics have been on the market for several decades and their use keeps growing. Nowadays, these materials are included in a wide range of devices, in particular for ultrasonic applications. Since the discovery of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) sixty years ago, a wide range of derived compositions coupled to efficient manufacturing processes have been developed to enable their use in many devices. Thus, PZT ceramics are the most used piezoelectric materials, although the presence of lead in their composition is a growing health and environmental concern. Consequently, since 2003, E.U. has voted guidelines for the management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment at the end of its lifecycle (WEEE) and Restrictions (Hazardous Substances, R0HS). In addition, in December 2012, the European CHemicals Agency (ECHA) added PZT in candidate list of the REACH directive. Similar steps are also followed by many countries in Asia and North America. In this international context, research on lead-free piezoelectric materials and their applications becomes a major issue. This thesis focuses specifically on ultrasonic transducer applications (medical imaging and underwater acoustics) with, at f irst, functional characterization of lead-free piezoelectric materials. To this end, the KNbO3 Iead-free single crystal is selected in its specific cutting (YXt)-45° which provides a coupling coefficient k (in thickness mode) of 60%. A characterization of this material is carried out to provide a complete and consistent set of electromechanical properties, and thus avoid calculation errors during the simulation stage of the transducer. Its performance is demonstrated through its integration in a 30 MHz ultrasound probe to obtain images of human skin in vivo
Pascucci, Marco. „Super-resolution microscopy by saturated speckle illumination“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Bitar Ziad. „Optimisation et validation d'un algorithme de reconstruction 3D en tomographie d'émission monophotonique à l'aide de la plateforme de simulation GATE“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21704.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie. „Banc de caractérisation pour lentilles panoramiques“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28212/28212.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDugas-Phocion, Guillaume. „Segmentation d'IRM cérébrales multi-séquences et application à la sclérose en plaques“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631312.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCorbat, Lisa. „Fusion de segmentations complémentaires d'images médicales par Intelligence Artificielle et autres méthodes de gestion de conflits“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNephroblastoma is the most common kidney tumour in children and its diagnosis is based exclusively on imaging. This work, which is the subject of our research, is part of a larger project: the European project SAIAD (Automated Segmentation of Medical Images Using Distributed Artificial Intelligence). The aim of the project is to design a platform capable of performing different automatic segmentations from source images using Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, and thus obtain a faithful three-dimensional reconstruction. In this sense, work carried out in a previous thesis of the research team led to the creation of a segmentation platform. It allows the segmentation of several structures individually, by methods such as Deep Learning, and more particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), as well as Case Based Reasoning (CBR). However, it is then necessary to automatically fuse the segmentations of these different structures in order to obtain a complete relevant segmentation. When aggregating these structures, contradictory pixels may appear. These conflicts can be resolved by various methods based or not on AI and are the subject of our research. First, we propose a fusion approach not focused on AI using the combination of six different methods, based on different imaging and segmentation criteria. In parallel, two other fusion methods are proposed using, a CNN coupled to the CBR for one, and a CNN using a specific existing segmentation learning method for the other. These different approaches were tested on a set of 14 nephroblastoma patients and demonstrated their effectiveness in resolving conflicting pixels and their ability to improve the resulting segmentations
Guérin, Lucie. „Etude d'une nouvelle architecture de gamma caméra à base de semi-conducteurs CdZnTe /CdTe“. Angers, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01773265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCdZnTe / CdTe semiconductor gamma ray detectors are good candidates to replace NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors for medical applications, notably for nuclear imaging. In addition to compactness, they present very good performances, in terms of energy resolution, detection efficiency and intrinsic spatial resolution. These detectors provide also an important additional information: the depth of interaction of the gamma ray into the detector. This context led LETI into developing and realizing new gamma camera architecture, based on CdZnTe / CdTe semiconductor, in order to benefit from these recent performances. During this work, we have proposed a new architecture, named HiSens (High Sensitivity), allowing to improve sensitivity (about factor 5) while preserving spatial resolution. This architecture associates CdZnTe detectors, providing depth of interaction information, with a new parallel square hole collimator geometry and uses an adapted image reconstruction method. We have evaluated HiSens architecture performances with simulation, after development of simulations software and an adapted method of iterative reconstruction, using photon depth of interaction information. A preliminary experimental validation is currently investigated at CEA-LETI in order to confirm simulations results
Lesaint, Jérôme. „Conditions de rang en tomographie de rayons X et leur application au problème d'auto-étalonnage“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn X-ray transmission imaging, the collected measurements correspond to an integral operator: the Radon transform in parallel geometry and the divergent beam transform in divergent geometry. The range of these operators is characterized by conditions, which help to quantify the consistency of the measured data with the forward integral model. The first pillar of this PhD work studies range conditions in cone-beam acquisition geometry: we derive new conditions for a planar trajectory and establish a new relation between 2D fanbeam conditions and Grangeat-based conditions. The second pillar is related to the self-calibration of cone-beam systems. The acquisition geometry of the system is determined from range conditions and a parametric model of the projection geometry
Sauvage, Jack. „Imagerie ultrasonore ultrarapide 4D par adressage orthogonal du réseau de sonde matricielle : adressage Ligne-Colonne“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS535.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the advent of 4D ultrafast imaging at the Physics for Medicine Inserm 1273 laboratory, the ability to acquire in all three dimensions and with a high spatio-temporal resolution has been demonstrated. Several of the most effective 2D ultrafast imaging modalities have been extended to volume imaging (3D ultrasensitive power Doppler, 3D elastography ...). Their dissemination in clinic would greatly benefit to physicians. However the necessary means to implement ultrafast 4D are still too heavy and costly to hope for a transposition in the short or mid-term to the radiology departments. Developing smart strategies to reduce channel number has become a central issue. An original strategy based on the probe architecture consists of orthogonal row and column addressing of the Matrix Probe array, the Row and Column Adressing RCA. It offers a transducer solution perfectly adapted with ultra-fast plane waves imaging. With this approach, the probe can be driven by a single standard ultrasound unit, while maintaining a large aperture. The 2D matrix grid is organized according to N + N orthogonal channels, thus representing a reduction factor of N / 2. This strategy presents an important paradigm shift of imaging by dissociation of the focus pathways in transmission and reception and offers a new compromise in terms of spatio-temporal resolution. During this thesis work, the performances of the RCA associated with the ultra fast 4D imaging are studied for various cases. The principle of 4D ultrafast RCA imaging with orthogonal summation OPW are studied. 3D vector imagery for RCA is developed. A new high frequency RCA probe prototype (15MHz) is presented and tested on a 3D functional brain imaging protocol. Finally, a new modality of 3D imaging of the flux intensity is presented offering a new way of exploitation for the RCA probe
Spadola, Sara. „Development and evaluation of an intraoperative beta imaging probe for radio-guided solid tumor surgery“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS257/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExtent and accuracy of surgical resection is a crucial step in the therapy of operable solid tumors. The recent availability of specific tumor-seeking agents, positron labeled, renewed the interest for radioguided surgery. The detection of beta particles, due to their short range, allows a more sensitive and accurate tumor localization. Since no mechanical collimation is necessary, it is possible to design probes with a sensitivity increased by one to three orders of magnitude compared to gamma detectors. The beta particle short range also reduces the contamination from distal non-specific radiotracers uptake region, which results in a increased signal-to-noise-ratio. Conversely, beta detection requires sensors to be extremely compact in order to operate in contact with the surveyed tissues in narrow surgical cavities. This thesis takes place in that context. Its aim was to develop an intraoperative positron imaging probe based on the silicon photomultiplier technology (SiPM) and to evaluate its ability to perform in real time tumor localization and post-operative control of the surgical cavity. During this work, two prototypes of intraoperative positron imaging probe were developed. The first detector design is based on the use of a single organic scintillator coupled to an array of SiPMs. This configuration uses a small sensitive volume to reduce the contamination noise coming from the annihilation gamma rays. The second version of the probe implements a subtraction method allowing to improve gamma rejection efficiency. This configuration uses a stack of two scintillators separated by a light guide. The events interacting in the top and the bottom scintillator are discriminated by the analysis of the different light distributions on the SiPM array. Different designs of the positron imaging probes, including scintillator material and thickness, light spreading window and optical reflector, were investigated with Montecarlo simulations and measurements. Their impact on the probes performances were optimized in terms of positron sensitivity, gamma ray rejection efficiency, spatial resolution and bias and uniformity of response. The effect of different reconstruction algorithm on spatial performances was also studied. Finally, the objective of developing an intraoperative probe fully operational in the operating room has been achieved by the design of dedicated miniaturized electronic readouts and mechanical housing. In the last part of my thesis, the evaluation of the single scintillator configuration in a realistic clinical environment was performed with 18F-FDG phantoms. We showed that the low intrinsic sensitivity of this probe to gamma radiations allows to detect tumor volumes as small as 14 mg for uptake properties corresponding to currently available radiotracers and acquisition times compatible with the surgery duration
Dollé, Guillaume. „Tomographie optique diffuse et de fluorescence pour la détection de tumeurs“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography and Fluorescence (TR-DOTF) is a method to obtain optical properties information on diffusion and asbsorption of biological tissues. This Phd manuscript details this method state of the art and highlight the different possible path to reconstruct multidimensionnal 2D/3D images for the optical maps of the turbid medium. The project ultimate goal is to build a measurement instrument (tomograph), eventually portative, in order to detect tumours presence. The challenge is to obtain images with sufficient resolution to be used in medical environment for preclinical diagnosis. However the inverse problem ill-posedness makes the situation more difficult. The first part of this document is devoted to the problem modelization. In particular, we are interested to the diffusion approximation for the radiative transfer equation in a turbid medium. In a second part, we treat this problem from a mathematical point of view considering the diffusion problem coupled with fluorescence for two measurement types: contact and non-contact. Then we focus on the inverse prob- lem as a minimization problem for cost objective function solved by an adjoint method. Last, but not least, the third part of this document details the different numerical aspects involved to achieve an efficient reconstruction code using advanced technics from the high performance computing world
Legros, Mathieu. „Transducteurs capacitifs micro-usinés pour l'imagerie échographique“. Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3306.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFabrication of ultrasound probes for medical imaging conventionally exploits piezoelectric based materials. CMUTs technology (Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers) has emerged about a decade ago. These electromechanical micro-systems are presented as an alternative transduction mode, and gives new opportunities for probe design and novel imaging techniques. This dissertation aims to develop and review CMUTs probes for ultrasound imaging, from modeling to imaging demonstration. Multi-elements transducers with CMUT technology have been thus developed, and ultrasound probes were successfully achieved. Developments have been carried out, taking care of both capacitive transduction and standard ultrasound systems. Electro-acoustic and acoustic behavior were evaluated and compared to the state of the art piezoelectric probes. Finally, quantitative imaging assessments have been performed and have pointed out the strengths of CMUT technology for ultrasound imaging
Jassar, Hassan. „Détectabilité des matériels d'embolisation vasculaire contrôlée par IRM“. Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1822.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArterial embolization appeared recently as a safe and an effective treatment to stop bleeding or induce devascularisation of a target tissue. Direct visualization of vascular occlusion agents is not always possible. The estimation of their position inside a vascular branch based on the distribution of X-ray contrast agent is partially incorrect. Marked vascular occlusion agents with MRI contrast agent is a good way for MRI follow-up during or after the intervention. In this work, several protocols have been established to demonstrate the feasibility localization of vascular occlusion agents marked with SPIO, in situ, in vitro and in vivo " conditions ", at 1,5T and 3T. Studied occlusion agents were tris-acryl microspheres (Embosphere), and microparticles or microemulsions possibly used as vehicles for drugs : among these, inflatable microspheres (Hepasphere) aimed to permanent vessel occlusion were marked, alginate microspheres and emulsion droplets for temporary embolization were made by us. Established protocols for microspheres follow-up by MRI involve selection of MR sequences with optimized parameters, coil choice, and determination of contrast agent quantity inside the microparticles in order to make them visible on MRI. A measurement methodology for small variation of signal intensity in images has been proposed. An experimental in vitro model has been designed with the presence of SPIO marked microparticles in an environment simulating a vascular tumor with venous drainage. The fixation of immunoglobulin (IgG1), equivalent to anti-VEGF, to microspheres (Hepaspheres) has been studied. Finally, mechanical and electrical properties of microemulsions have been explored by ultrasound and impedancemeter
Maurice, Xavier. „Lumière structurée codée pour une reconstruction 3-D robuste : Application à la chirurgie mini-invasive“. Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/MAURICE_Xavier_2011.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring a minimally-invasive surgical intervention, the intra-abdominal scene, which is acquired by an endoscope, is presented to the surgeon by means of a 2-D display. The real-time depth map computation of such a scene could have huge benefits like a better visual perception, robot visual servoing, registration of pre-existing models of organs. To this end, in this thesis, many contributions leading to the realisation of an endoscopic stereo, mono-trocar, system, based on a coded structured light pattern projection, are presented. We propose to better exploit the epipolar geometry of the system at the pattern design step, first for the numerical coding, and then, for the pattern layout. Other contributions dealing with "brute-force" coding algorithm with redundancy, with real-time GPU processing, with 3-D reconstruction and with weak-calibration of the system, are described. In particular, the two main issues in "brute-force" coding algorithms : the search behaviour and the unicity test, are addressed. Moreover, an a priori compensation of optical distorsions of the projector is proposed after the pattern alignment on the epipolar geometry. Numerous coding results, ex vivo and in vivo 3-D reconstruction with associated statistics, are reported to evaluate the proposed approach
Trimeche, Iyèd. „Segmentation et analyse quantitative des vaisseaux sanguins de la rétine en optique adaptative“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdaptive Optical Ophthalmoscopy (AOO) images of the eye fundus allow visualization of retinal vessels with high resolution, in particular arterial bifurcations and their wall thickness, suitable for morphometric biomarker measurements.The objective of this thesis is to study the morphometry of retinal vessels in AOO images, by determining the different biomarkers characterizing blood flow and which are extracted from the estimation of the diameters and the wall thickness of the branches at the bifurcations.We propose two methods for segmentation of retinal vessels in these images. The first is semi-automatic, it extends a previous approach, treating branches of retinal vessels, to the segmentation of bifurcations. The second is a fully automatic hybrid approach, based on a modified U-Net convolutional neural network and active contours, to segment the branches and bifurcations of retinal vessels with high precision.We thus propose a reproducible and automatic measurement technique to extract the diajavascript:nouvelleZone('contenuS-2');meters of the branches of the bifurcations and calculate the biomarkers for three populations: control subjects, diabetic subjects and Cadasil subjects. The experimental results show that the precision of our semi-automatic and fully automatic approaches lies within the range of intra- and inter-user variability, which allowed us to perform a robust statistical study on the extracted biomarkers in order to differentiate the control subjects and pathological subjects
Schmeltz, Margaux. „Microscopie de second harmonique résolue en polarisations linéaire et circulaire pour caractériser l'organisation 3D du collagène“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCollagen is a major component of organ architecture in mammals where it forms various three-dimensional (3D) structures specific to each tissue. The visualization of this multi-scale 3D organization is crucial to decipher the structure of organs such as the cornea or the skin and to guide the engineering fully functional tissue substitutes. Moreover, the organization of collagen is also affected in many diseases, so that in situ quantitative characterization of such disorders is a major biomedical issue.SHG microscopy has been recognized for several years as the gold-standard technique for imaging fibrillar collagen in situ in unmarked tissues with excellent contrast. This thesis presents the development and the application of new polarization-based SHG microscopy modalities to obtain reliable and quantitative parameters in order to more accurately describe the three-dimensional structure of collagen.First, we present a modality using linear incident polarizations (P-SHG) to analyze the multi-scale organization of collagen in various tissues, healthy and pathological. These analyses were carried out on cultural heritage objects (parchments, made of collagen from animal skins) as well as on biological tissues (corneas). On one hand, taking advantage of the non-invasive nature of this modality, we characterize the degradation of collagen in ancient parchments, precious objects of art and history. This proves the interest of SHG microscopy in the field of cultural heritage, particularly to decipher the state of conservation of objects rich in collagen. On the other hand, quantitative imaging of healthy human corneas is presented, and compared to corneas with keratoconus, a common pathology today. Murine models of corneal keratoconus are also being studied to validate their relevance.Finally, a modality using circular incident polarizations to measure circular dichroism signals (CD-SHG) is exposed. First, we present the rigorous experimental implementation of this modality, by identifying and correcting typical artifacts of this technique. Secondly, we propose a new theoretical approach to describe CD-SHG signals. Numerical simulations of the obtained analytical expression are compared to experimental results in order to understand the evolution of CD-SHG signals with the 3D architecture of collagen
Gross, Dominique. „Conception et évaluation d'une sonde CMUT mixte dédiée à la thérapie ciblée à guidage ultrasonore“. Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3313/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePresented for the first time in 1994, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) are a promising alternative to the piezoelectric technology for electroacoustic transduction. Particularly, their intrinsic design flexibility and miniaturization capability are strong advantages for the manufacturing of high-end Ultrasound-guided Focused Ultrasound (USgFUS) probes. The work presented in this Ph.D. dissertation is devoted to the f irst development of a USgFUS CMUT probe. After a general introduction of the CMUT technology and the context of this research project, the development is reported starting from the preliminary numerical studies to the most advanced characterizations of the fabricated device. The first results demonstrate the benefits of this technology for the targeted applications
Nicol, Stanislas. „Etude et construction d'un tomographe TEP/TDM pour petits animaux, combinant modules phoswich à scintillateurs et détecteur à pixels hybrides“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe pathway that has been followed by the imXgam team at CPPM was to combine on a single rotating device the detector modules of the small animal PET scanner ClearPET witha photon counting X-ray detector in order to perform simultaneous acquisition of images from the anatomy (X-ray CT) and from the metabolic function (PET) of the common field-of-view.A preliminary study of the hybrid imaging system ClearPET/XPAD3 carried out using Gateled us to form a new PET detection assembly based on 21 phoswich modules, to fix the design of the PET/CT device, as well as to study and solve the difficulties arising from simultaneous hybrid imaging. Last but not least, the simulation tool also allowed us for thinking how wellsuch a system could judiciously use the spatial and temporal correlations between anatomicand functional information.From an instrumentation point of view, we succeeded to set up the ClearPET/XPAD3 prototype.Once both imaging systems were operational individually, we demonstrated on one sidethat the ClearPET prototype was perfectly capable of performing correctly in simultaneousacquisition conditions, providing that the detector modules were appropriately shielded. Onthe other side, the new generation of the hybrid pixel camera using the XPAD3-S chip provedto be quite promising given the good quality of the first reconstructed images.Finally, the proof of concept of simultaneous PET/CT data acquisition was made using a sealed positron source and an X-ray tube
Harms, Fabrice. „Imagerie des tissus à haute résolution en profondeur par tomographie de cohérence optique plein champ : approches instrumentales et multimodales pour l'application au diagnostic per-opératoire du cancer“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066702/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong medical imaging techniques, optical imaging methods have been significantly developped during the past decades. More specifically, among recently proposed optical imaging techniques, Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography – or FFOCT – provides unique capabilities, in particular regarding resolution and instrumental simplicity, which allows to consider its application to cancer diagnosis. This thesis demonstrates the design and implementation of new FFOCT devices for use in a clinical context, targeting improvement and optimization of the technique. Two major development parts have been realized : A translational part, comprising the development of a FFOCT microscope adapted to a clinical use for intraoperative diagnosis of cancer on tissue biopsies, and the assessment of its diagnosis performance for several clinical cases : the intraoperative diagnosis of breast tissue, of brain resections, and the preoperative qualification of corneal grafts. A research part - mainly instrumental - targeting the improvement of the diagnosis performance of the technique, based on new multimodal (fluorescence contrast, dynamic contrast) and multiscale approaches, or on the miniaturization of the device by developing a handheld rigid endoscope for clinical use
Gofas, Salas Elena. „Manipulation of the illumination of an Adaptive Optics Flood Illumination Ophthalmoscope for functional imaging of the retina in-vivo High loop rate adaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscope with structured illumination capability In vivo near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of retinal pigment epithelial cells with 757 nm excitation“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs the only transparent optical window of our body, the eye gives a unique access to the observation of neural and vascular networks. Today however, a new era is opening up for high-resolution imaging, which should no longer be limited to giving access to tissue structures, but may also tackle their functions. In fact, biomarkers for the functioning of the whole human body can be found in retinal imaging. Neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's) or arterial hypertension could thus be diagnosed early by high precision imaging of the retina. In my thesis work, I intended to show how the full-field ophthalmoscope, associated to imaging modalities adjusting geometrical settings of the illumination, could contribute to research on the retina. To achieve this ambitious goal, we modified the full-field ophthalmoscope built at the National Hospital Center of Quinze-Vingts with a specific image processing and two new instruments inspired by full-field microscopy. We have integrated these instruments into the illumination path of the ophthalmoscope to manipulate the geometry of the retinal illumination. These new implementations allow us to make use of more advanced imaging techniques, such as dark field imaging or noninvasive near infrared angiography. These imaging modalities have been exploited to image the retina functionally. We focused mainly on the light coupling function of photoreceptors and on blood perfusion
Gallego, Manzano Lucia. „Optimization of a single-phase liquid xenon Compton camera for 3γ medical imaging“. Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0276/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work described in this thesis is focused on the characterization and optimization of a single-phaseliquid xenon Compton camera for medical imaging applications. The detector has been conceived to exploit the advantages of an innovative medical imaging technique called 3γ imaging, which aims to obtain aprecise 3D location of a radioactive source with high sensitivity and an important reduction of the dose administered to the patient. The 3γ imaging technique is based on the detection in coincidence of 3gamma rays emitted by a specific (+β, γ) emitter radionuclide,the 44Sc. A first prototype of a liquid xenon Compton camera has been developed by Subatech laboratory within the XEMIS (Xenon Medical Imaging System) project, to proof the feasibility of the 3γ imaging technique. This new detection framework is based on an advanced cryogenic system and an ultra-low noise front-end electronics operating at liquid xenon temperature. This work has contributed to the characterization of the detector response and the optimization of the ionization signal extraction. A particular interest has been given to the influence of the Frisch grid on the measured signals. First experimental evidences of the Compton cone reconstruction using asource of ²²Na (β+, Eγ = 1.274 MeV) are also reported in this thesis, which demonstrate the proof of concept of the feasibility of the 3γ imaging. The results reported in this thesis have been essential for the development of a larger scale liquid xenon Compton camera for small animal imaging. This new detector, called XEMIS2, is now in phase of construction
Barbes, Damien. „Nouveaux systèmes d'imagerie médicale exploitant la diffraction X en dispersion d'énergie à l'aide de détecteurs spectrométriques CdZnTe“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY051/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies the interest of measuring the coherent scattering of X-rays for breast diagnosis imaging. Nowadays, most of X-ray-based medical imaging techniques use the information of X-rays attenuation through the tissues. It is the case for mammography, the most common breast imaging modality. The recent emergence of energy resolved detectors (based on semiconductors in particular) allows to consider using another phenomenon: the coherent X-ray scattering. Measurement of diffracted spectra can provide new information related to the molecular structure of the examined tissues, in order to improve their characterization and therefore improve the final diagnosis. Two modalities are considered: the breast cancer detection in vivo, following a suspicious mammography result, or biopsy analysis.The coherent scattering measurement system developed during this thesis work uses energy-resolved CdZnTe-based detectors, these detectors combining performances (energy resolution, sensitivity, spatial resolution, and compactness) promising for clinical application. This system is also based on the detector pixelation, which allows to provide an imaging modality capable of characterizing analyzed materials or tissues in one direction without any translation or rotation.A complete study of the measurement system is proposed in this thesis, structured in three main parts: modeling and simulation of the system, development of the processing of the data measured by the detector in order to image and characterize the analyzed sample and finally, designing of a new and more complex experimental setup based on a whole detector and multislit collimation system. An experimental validation is proposed for each of these three parts
Bopp, Cécile. „The proton as a dosimetric and diagnostic probe“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProton computed tomography is being studied as an alternative to X-ray CT imaging for charged particle therapy treatment planning. By directly mapping the relative stopping power of the tissues, the uncertainty on the range of the particles could be reduced. A proton scanner consists in a calorimeter or range-meter to obtain the information on the energy lost by each proton in the object, as well as two sets of tracking planes to record the position and direction of each particle upstream and downstream from the object. This work concerns the study of the outputs of a proton scanner and the possible use of all the recorded information. A reconstruction study made it possible to show that the information on the transmission rate and on the scattering of each particle can be used to produce images with visual properties that could be of interest for diagnostics. The proof of concept of the possibility of quantitative imaging using this information is also put forward. These results are the first step towards a clinical use of proton imaging with all the recorded data
Ketata, Ines. „Extraction et Modélisation de la cinétique du traceur en imagerie TEP pour la caractérisation des tissus tumoraux“. Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe research of this thesis proposes in the context of the breast cancer characterization in order to achieve a new approach for the extraction and modeling of the tracer kinetics in PET imaging.The measurement of the counting rate of a tracer in a region of interest (ROI) estimated using an extension of a Real Valued Local Dissimilarity Map (RVLDM) proposed grayscale and the use of dynamic models as the method of factor analysis of medical image sequences (FAMIS) applied on the ROI enable an automatic early quantification of glucose metabolism. More specifically, it is to determine a new KFPQ empirical parameter. It is calculated from the two compartments obtained in the region of interest and tumor as assessed during the first pass of the 18F-FDG tracer in the early PET images
Giret, Rébecca. „Imagerie radar par synthèse d'ouverture pour la gestion du trafic autoroutier“. Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDenneval, Charline. „Design, synthèse et évaluation de contrastophores bimodaux pour l'imagerie par absorption à deux photons et par tomographie par émission de positons“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAM0012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this subject has been the synthesis of a bimodal probe using TPA–PET techniques for a potential application in biological imaging.In this context, we have synthesized a new range of A–π –D fluorophores incorporating diazine (p-deficient heterocycle) as electron-withdrawing moiety, N,N-dimethylaniline as electron-donating part and fluorene as p-conjugated linker. In order to increase the conjugation along the scaffold, ethynyl and/or triazole bridges have been introduced on both sides of the fluorene. The UV/Vis and photoluminescence properties have been measured. Further to those results two-photon absorption cross-section of our fluorophores (dTPA) has been obtained. Following these promising results, hydrophilic compounds using PEG groups have been prepared and photoluminescence properties have been carried out. In order to use the boron center as a site for radiofluorination, the synthesis of "BODIPY-like" probes has been considered. A new series of pyrimidine and triazole ligand have been synthesized but the corresponding boron complexes haven’t been obtained
Kennel, Sybille. „Synthèse de traceurs bimodaux utilisables en imagerie médicale TEP/IRM“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0190/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday physicians can use a wide variety of medical imaging techniques to establish early and accurate diagnosis. Nevertheless, each modality has its own advantages and drawbacks. This is why bi- or multimodality approach seems interesting. Among them, PET/MRI combination seems very promising because it can bring complementary informations. It is therefore necessary to inject to patients tracers specific to each imaging modality. This work described the synthesis of molecular platforms for MRI and PET imaging, according to 2 different strategies. The first one consisted in the synthesis of a DO3A macrocycle allowing the chelation of both gadolinium for MRI and gallium 68 for PET. The aim here is to have a bimodal probe, with a mixture of each compound. The second strategy was the preparation of a single molecule that can be simultaneously labeled by both gadolinium for MRI and fluorine 18 for PET. The final goal is to introduce onto these platforms a biomolecule in a versatile and easy way, to be able to target a specific pathophysiological process. ‘‘Click’’ chemistry seems to be an attractive methodology to achieve this goal. However, this reaction, usually catalyzed with copper is not suitable to DO3A macrocyles due to the copper affinity with those azamacrocycles. This issue has been circumvent by the use of ruthenium catalyzed ‘‘click’’ chemistry. We were then able to access to both macrocycles platforms
Lindberg, Arvid. „Development of rigid polarimetric endoscope for early detection of cancer in vivo“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEarly diagnosis of a cancerous lesion and complete surgical resection of the diseased areas are both crucial points in order to greatly improve the chances for recovery of a patient. However, early detection of cancer is a very difficult task. It relies on random biopsies of suspicious areas which are not easy to identify at this stage of the disease using conventional imaging techniques (visible imaging, ultrasound, magnetic resonance, X-ray scanner, positron emission tomography). In addition, the correct evaluation of surgical resection margins remains often very difficult or even impossible in some cases.Polarimetric imaging is a promising technique for the early detection of cancerous lesions on the surface of the organs and for a better definition of the resection limits during surgery. Biomedical research activity, conducted within the 'Applied Optics and Polarimetry' team of the LPICM, focuses on the development of Mueller polarimetric imaging systems for improving the management of epithelial cancers, also known as carcinomas, which represent 80-90% of all cancers. In this regard the LPICM leads a project funded by the “Institut National du Cancer (INCa)”, on the use of Mueller polarimetric imaging for improving the management of cervical cancer at different stages of its evolution. At present an extensive series of ex vivo measurements is in progress in three different hospitals of Paris (Institut Gustave Roussy, Kremlin Bicêtre and Institut Mutualiste Montsouris). The final goal of this study is to evaluate the performance of Mueller polarimetric imaging technique in terms of sensitivity and specificity, while using an interpretation of corresponding histology slides by pathologists as a “golden standard” of cancer diagnostics. Ex vivo measurements provide a precise knowledge of the systematic effects which can negatively affect image quality. Hence, the results of this study represent a good starting point for in vivo applications of polarimetric imaging technique. Within the frame of INCa project the analysis of uterine cervix in vivo is planned, using a classical colposcope modified to obtain polarimetric Mueller images.The endoscope is another medical instrument used also to detect cancerous or precancerous lesions in the internal cavities of human body (esophagus, colon, rectum, etc.). The proposed thesis subject consists in developing a Mueller polarimetric rigid endoscope and evaluating its performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The work of PhD student will be concerned with instrumentation in optics, acquisition of data, signal processing and statistical evaluation of the performance of technique. Thus, the subject of this thesis is on the interface between physics and medical diagnostics and it shows a strong potential for industrial development with a significant societal impact
Huber, Adrian Thomas. „Multi-organ non-invasive tissue characterization of fibrosis, adipose tissue, edema and inflammation with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging : applications to myocardium, skeletal muscle and liver interactions Cardiac MR strain: a noninvasive biomarker of fibro-fatty remodeling of the left atrial myocardium Comparison of MR T1 and T2 mapping parameters to characterize myocardial and skeletal muscle involvement in systemic Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy (IIM) Non-invasive differentiation of acute viral myocarditis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with cardiac involvement using magnetic resonance imaging T1 and T2 mapping CT predicts liver fibrosis: Prospective evaluation of morphology- and attenuationbased quantitative scores in routine portal venous abdominal scans“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis provides a proof of concept for MR atrial strain, as well as MR relaxometry in the myocardium, in skeletal muscles and in the liver. Thanks to a close interaction between radiologist and software engineers, two different softwares were developed, applied and validated: one for multiorgan T1 mapping in the myocardium, skeletal muscle and liver, another one for cardiac four-chamber strain analysis and volumetry. The first publication showed a strong correlation of LA strain with the degree of fibro-fatty replacement in histology. Such functional imaging biomarker in combination with LA volumetry could help to guide clinical decisions, since myocardial structural remodeling is a known morphologic substrate of LA dysfunction, atrial fibrillation and adverse outcome. In the second publication, MR relaxometry parameters applied to the myocardium and skeletal muscles in IIM patients and healthy volunteers were used as a model to demonstrate influences of different tissue composition and vascularization on T1 mapping parameters. ΔT1 and EHF were introduced as simple alternatives to ECV in highly vascularized tissues such as the myocardium. In the third publication, MR relaxometry parameters applied to the skeletal muscls allowed for an accurate discrimination of AVM and IIM with cardiac involvement. However, when applied to the myocardium, parametric mapping did not separate between the two groups. The fourth publication introduced native T1 of the liver an easily accessible and accurate non-invasive imaging associate of congestive HF in IDCM patients with better performance than established functional parameters such as LV volumes, ejection fraction or strain