Dissertationen zum Thema „Imagerie des rayons gamma“
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Ayoub, Mohamed. „Etude des niveaux profonds dans les CdTe et CdZnTe par des méthodes électriques pour des applications biomédicales : imagerie X et γ“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNuclear medical imagery systems based on the detection of ionising rays use semiconductors which require high performances in terms of sensitivity, efficiency, dimension and in particular electrical and physical uniformity. The aim of this thesis is to study and understand the origins and effects of the deep levels in CdTe and CdZnTe crystals, as well as the effects of thermal treatment on the electrical and physical uniformity of these materials. Chapter I presents the crystal growth techniques and the electrical properties, as well as the importance of the CdTe and CdZnTe crystals in the biomedical domain. To identify the deep levels present in the material, a numerous spectroscopic methods (PICTS, SCLC, etc. ) were used as described in the chapter II. Chapter III contains the study of the electrical uniformity of these materials in term of resistivity following the development of a contactless measurement technique for resistivity : TDCM. The study of the precipitates by IR microscopy allows the correlation between the resistivity and precipitate density and their volumetric fraction. The defect characterisation which was the object of chapter IV shows the influence of the deep levels on the electrical performance of the materials. Assignment attempts of some of the defects were carried out in comparison with those of the literature. Chapter V is devoted to the thermal treatments, a crucial stage for homogenising the electrical and physical properties of our materials. A study was performed to know the influence of the various thermal treatments on the macro and microscopic defects and consequently on the homogeneity of the electrical and physical properties of the materials. As a conclusion, an optimised annealing efficiency on the pixel detector matrices is presented in Chapter VI. In vivo tests of these matrices in biomedical applications have been carried out
Mehault, Jérémie. „Recherche d'association de vestige de supernova et de nuage moléculaire avec H.E.S.S. et Fermi-LAT - Optimisation de l'imagerie gamma“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20128/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince their discovery in 1912, the cosmic rays origin is still unknown.Supernovae remnants (SNR) are good candidates to product Galactic cosmic rays.Because protons are sensitive to magnetic field, we lean on gamma rays, neutrals and stables particles.The shock wave of the SNR go through the interstellar medium which can be dense: the molecular clouds.They can be seen as target for accelerated protons.The objective of this work is to search for gamma-ray emission in coincidence with remnants and molecularclouds.We analysed data from Fermi-LAT space telescope and H.E.S.S., a Tcherenkov ground based telescope.The data joined analysis allow us to get the strong point out of each instrument.The sky view produced from the data is very important in astronomy.We tryied to improve the smoothing method of the images performed in H.E.S.S. analysis
Frandes, Mirela. „Détection des rayons gamma et reconstruction d'images pour la caméra Compton : Application à l'hadronthérapie“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00535526.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiovagnoli, Debora. „Image reconstruction for three-gamma PET imaging“. Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we present three-gamma imaging, where the acquisition system relies on a beta+ and gamma emitter. The rationale of 3-gamma imaging is that the third gamma detection information may help to provide better localization of the annihilation point, thus enabling higher image quality and fewer dose delivered to the patient. We present the 3-gamma system, theXEMIS2, developed at Subatech, Nantes, that is a LiquidXenon detector suitable for 3-gamma imaging due to its stopping power, its scintillation characteristics and its continuous geometry. The principle of 3-gamma image reconstruction is based on the intersection of a LOR, obtained from the coincidence photons, with a Compton cone, determined by the third gamma. The idea is to find the LOR\cone intersection and use it to locate the most probable annihilation position on the line,as for the time difference in TOF-PET. We present a complete GATE simulation study of two phantoms (similar-NEMA and Digimouse), to assess the improvements of 3-gamma image reconstruction over conventional PET and we study the positron range correction, which is important for our beta+gamma emitter, Sc44
Charbonnier, Aldée. „De la recherche de matière noire à l'émission diffuse de rayons gamma dans l'expérience H.E.S.S“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleManach, Erwan. „Etude, tests et mise au point d'un détecteur semiconducteur pixélisé en mode comptage pour l'imagerie gamma dans les installations nucléaires“. Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSemenov, Evgenii. „Experimental studies and evaluation of the implementation of 3γ-imaging and the new technology of XEMIS cameras adapted to the control of MOX fuel“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0443.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe non-destructive control and imaging with γ-rays are well-known widely used in nuclear fuel production industry and nuclear medicine, respectively. The thesis is centered on new application of a state-of-the-art detector, based on single-phase liquid xenon 24-cm long field-of-view camera, XEMIS2. It is constructed in Nantes, France. Originally conceived for small animal medical 3-gamma imaging, the camera is now being scrutinized to explore new area of its’ application in non-destructive control and imaging of high-density (> 10 g/cm3) MOX fuel pellets or rods that emit a wide spectrum of γ-rays, which is a quite relevant and ambitious goal. XEMIS2 main goal is a significant dose reduction per scan while preserving the same image quality as in conventionnal cameras. MOX fuel γ-rays emission spectrum was studied, and high activity is expected, but the useful high-energy region of interest (ROI) that was selected for this work presents a challenge due to small statistics. It was shown that other ROI used in current passive non-destructive gamma-scanning control face difficulties due to strong self-absorbtion of γ-rays. The thesis will expound on the two methods that were developed and assessed for MOX Pu/(U+Pu) ratio control, including new contributions to algorithms in Compton imaging
Netter, Estelle. „Développement de la mini gamma caméra TreCam pour assister le traitement chirurgical du cancer du sein“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077250.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs surgical management of cancer relies on a complete excision of tumors, surgeons need to know the precise location and size of tumoral lesions. In that context, radio-guided surgery procedures are based on the combined use of radiotracers for tumor labelling and intra-operative hand-held detection probes. In order to reinforce their detection efficiency in the operating room, this work aims at setting up a new compact imaging probe TReCam (Tumor Resection Camera) to assist in perfornning surgical excision procedures. This new camera takes advantage of both rccent progress in multi-channel photodetector read-outs (MAPMT) and the development of new scintillating crystals with high luminous yield (LaBr3(Ce)). The use of these particular devices allowed us to optimize the imaging performances of TreCam at 140 keV on experimental and Monte - Carlo simulated data, through the knowledge of the spatial distribution of light on the MAPMT. We also presents preliminary results of the clinical trial led with TreCam at Lariboisière hospital including 30 patients with nonpalpable breast cancers who need sentinel node biopsy
Daniel, Geoffrey. „Développement et optimisation d’une caméra Compton miniature à masque codé : méthode d’analyse d’un environnement radiatif par spectro-identification et localisation 3D de sources gamma“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/DANIEL_Geoffrey_va2.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe characterization of a radiological scene is a major issue in many fields, such as nuclear safety and security, Decommissioning & Dismantling or in the medical field. Such an analysis consists in answering two main questions. On the one hand, what radioelements are present in the scene and in what quantities? On the other hand, where are these radio-emitting sources located? The systems designed to answer these questions use the information carried by the X and gamma photons from these radioactive sources, hence the name "gamma camera" for these systems. Their performances naturally depend on those of the instrument, but also on the performances of the processing algorithms applied to the data acquired by the instrument. In the framework of this thesis, I study the development of a gamma camera, based on the Caliste technology, a CdTe detector for high-energy photons, which results from more than fifteen years of development, initially for applications in astrophysical observation. The spectrometric and imaging performances of this detector are a world reference in the field of CdTe detectors, hence the relevance of its application for gamma cameras. More specifically, my thesis work explores three axes. First, through a detailed modelling of the detector, I analyse the spectrometric data from Caliste in order to understand how they carry the information of the nature and quantity of radioelements. This modelling and this analysis allow me to develop new and original spectrometric data processing algorithms, based on deep learning methods and Bayesian convolutional neural networks, in order to answer the question of identification and quantification of radioelements while providing an estimation of the uncertainty of the results. In a second step, I study the use of coded mask imaging methods with Caliste, and in particular, the algorithms for locating radioactive sources. I show the application and the limits for the reconstruction provided by the algorithms usually used for this problem and then I demonstrate the potential of deep learning algorithms to overcome these limits. Finally, I analyse the problem of localization of radioactive hot spots by Compton imaging, through processing algorithms adapted to Caliste detectors, by comparing the performances of methods resulting from the state of the art to new methods that I develop. Throughout this thesis work, I develop my algorithms from simulation data in order to transpose these methods to other detection systems. Then, I take care to test them on data acquired with Caliste detectors, in order to obtain an evaluation of their performances, faithful to real conditions and in order to confront these algorithms with the hazards of the measurements, not taken into account in the simulations
Chalmé-Calvet, Raphaël. „Étalonnage du cinquième télescope de l'expérience H.E.S.S. et observation du Centre Galactique au delà de 30 GeV“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066504/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe phase II of the H.E.S.S. experiment (High Energy Stereoscopic System) consists of five imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes to study the southern astrophysical sources above 30 GeV. This thesis present the detector as well as the analysis chain, with a deep look on the fifth telescope commissioned on July 2012. The calibration method are described in detail. Then, an analysis based on a semi-analytical model of the electromagnetic shower development in the atmosphere is explained. A tool to reconstruct the energy spectrum of the very high energy gamma ray sources is presented. The methods of gamma ray selection among the hadron background are studied. Especially, the development of a new variable using the temporal data of the fifth telescope for the background rejection is shown. A systematic study of the analysis performances and of the selection cuts is accomplished, in order to reach the lowest energy threshold while keeping control of the background subtraction. The Galactic Centre has long been observed by H.E.S.S., which has detected a bright and punctual source at very-high energy as well as a diffuse emission along the Galactic plan. The Galactic Centre observations performed by the phase II of H.E.S.S. during the year 2014 are presented. A spectral reconstruction of the central source is performed
Barret, Didier. „Modélisation de la réponse spectrale du télescope spatial SIGMA. Etude des propriétés spectrales des binaires X de faible masse dans la gamme d'énergie 35-500 keV : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]“. Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubos, Sébastien. „Nouveau spectro-imageur CdTe à très haute résolution spatiale et spectrale pour l'astronomie X et gamma“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis work presented in the manuscript corresponds to the first development phase of the MC2 project, an ambitious R & D effort to realize a new type of CdTe-based imaging spectrometer for future hard X- and gamma-rays astronomy missions. The objective is to achieve a 300 micron-pitch pixelated detector plane hybrided with a very low noise front-end electronics for a total pixel density multiplied by 4 compared to the most advanced system recently available in the laboratory (Caliste HD module). Moreover, thanks to the joint development of reading circuits adapted to the interconnection of pixelated detectors with low capacitance and low leakage current, spectroscopic performances of such system are assumed to approach inherent limitations of the CdTe detector, specifically for the lowest energies. My work was organized in parallel and complementary areas: evaluation of current systems, feedback and identification of issues associated with the development of highly-resolved detection planes, implementation and complete characterization of a new two-dimensional ASIC specifically developed for this application, and modelling and study of the associated sensor to optimize the design of the detector pattern. Finally, a first hybrid prototype was completed and first experimental tests thereby conducted
Vorobiov, Serguei͏̈. „Observations de la méthode du Crabe de 1996 à 2002 avec le télescope à effet Tcherenkov atmosphérique CAT et mise en oeuvre d'une nouvelle méthode d'analyse des gerbes atmosphériques“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0001.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellede, Naurois Mathieu. „L'astronomie gamma de très haute énergie de H.E.S.S. à CTA. Ouverture d'une nouvelle fenêtre astronomique sur l'Univers non thermique“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687872.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGialis, Denis. „Sursauts Gamma et rayons cosmiques“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10138.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGamma-ray bursts (GRB) are known as one of the most energetic phenomena in the universe. They constitute a strong support in studying cosmic ray acceleration via Fermi process. The Fermi acceleration, in the internal shock model, is usually considered with an assumption of Bohm scaling but this leads to unrealistic conclusions in contradiction with observations and the standard model. Another hypothesis is so studied with a Kolmogorov scaling : the induced acceleration process is convenient but this is unable to generate Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR). A relativistic Fermi process is so proposed and this confirms, by numerical and analytical arguments, that GRB can generate UHECRs. All the consequences are analysed
Ley, Jean-Luc. „Mise en oeuvre d’un démonstrateur de caméra Compton pour l’imagerie en médecine nucléaire et pour le contrôle en temps réel de l’hadronthérapie à l’aide des rayonnements gamma prompts“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10334/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHadrontherapy is one of the modalities available for treating cancer. This modality uses light ions (protons, carbon ions) to destroy cancer cells. Such particles have a ballistic accuracy thanks to their quasi-rectilinear trajectory, their path and the finished profile maximum dose in the end. Compared to conventional radiotherapy, this allows to spare the healthy tissue located adjacent downstream and upstream of the tumor. One of this modality’s quality assurance challenges is to control the positioning of the dose deposited by ions in the patient. One possibility to perform this control is to detect the prompt gammas emitted during nuclear reactions induced along the ion path in the patient. A Compton camera prototype, theoretically allowing to maximize the detection efficiency of the prompt gammas, is being developed under a regional collaboration. This camera was the main focus of my thesis, and particularly the following points : i) studying, throughout Monte Carlo simulations, the operation of the prototype in construction, particularly with respect to the expected counting rates on the different types of accelerators in hadrontherapy ii) conducting simulation studies on the use of this camera in clinical imaging, iii) characterising the silicon detectors (scatterer) iv) confronting Geant4 simulations on the camera’s response with measurements on the beam with the help of a demonstrator. As a result, the Compton camera prototype developed makes a control of the localization of the dose deposition in proton therapy to the scale of a spot possible, provided that the intensity of the clinical proton beam is reduced by a factor 200 (intensity of 108 protons / s). An application of the Compton camera in nuclear medicine seems to be attainable with the use of radioisotopes of an energy greater than 300 keV. These initial results must be confirmed by more realistic simulations (homogeneous and heterogeneous PMMA targets). Tests with the progressive integration of all camera elements will take place during 2016
Magnin, Isabelle. „Imagerie tridimensionnelle par sources codées de rayons X“. Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePayot, Étienne. „Reconstruction vasculaire tridimensionnelle en imagerie par rayons x“. Paris, ENST, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENST0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePayot, Étienne. „Reconstruction vasculaire tridimentionelle en imagerie par rayons X /“. Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36165911z.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMagnin, Isabelle. „Imagerie tridimensionnelle par sources codées de rayons X“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607518h.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCerutti, Benoït. „Emission gamma de haute énergie dans les systèmes binaires compacts“. Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFour gamma-ray sources have been associated with binary systems in our Galaxy: the microquasar Cygnus X-3 and the gamma-ray binaries LS I +61°303, LS 5039 and PSR B1259-63. These systems are composed of a massive companion star and a compact object of unknown nature, except in PSR B1259-63 where there is a young pulsar. I propose a comprehensive theoretical model for the high-energy gamma-ray emission and variability in gamma-ray emitting binaries. In this model, the high-energy radiation is produced by inverse Compton scattering of stellar photons on ultra-relativistic electron-positron pairs injected by a young pulsar in gamma-ray binaries and in a relativistic jet in microquasars. Considering anisotropic inverse Compton scattering, pair production and pair cascade emission, the TeV gamma-ray emission is well explained in LS 5039. Nevertheless, this model cannot account for the gamma-ray emission in LS I +61°303 and PSR B1259-63. Other processes should dominate in these complex systems. In Cygnus X-3, the gamma-ray radiation is convincingly reproduced by Doppler-boosted Compton emission of pairs in a relativistic jet. Gamma-ray binaries and microquasars provide a novel environment for the study of pulsar winds and relativistic jets at very small spatial scales
Herzog, Charlotte. „imagerie plénoptique : de la lumière visible aux rayons X“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlenoptic imaging is a technique that acquires spatial and angular information of the light rays incoming from a scene. After a single acquisition, numerical data treatment allows image manipulation such as synthetic aperture, changing viewpoint, refocusing at different depths, and consequently 3D reconstruction of the scene. Visible plenoptic has been widely studied. However, transposition from visible to X-rays has never been done and remains challenging. X-ray plenoptic would be beneficial to the X-ray imaging panorama. A single acquisition should be sufficient to reconstruct a volume, against 1000’s for X-ray tomography that is the today reference in 3D X-ray imaging.In this thesis, we consider plenoptic camera composed of a main lens, a microlens array and a detector. So far, two different configurations have been developed: the traditional and the focused plenoptic setups. Although these configurations are usually studied separately, they only differ by the distances between the optical elements. These two configurations were studied in detail to choose the most suitable for X-ray imaging, considering the constraints of X-ray optics. We observed a full continuity between the two systems. Therefore, we extended the previous work to more general formulas about optical configuration and theoretical resolutions. Theory about resolution along the depth axis was refined, as depth reconstruction and extraction are the main interest of X-ray plenoptic. Specific study was done on the evolution of contrast along depth as being a key parameter for depth reconstruction. We realized that contrast decreases when moving away from a privileged depth. This is important to consider as it can affect image reconstruction and quality of depth extraction.We also worked on refocusing algorithms. The refocusing algorithms are usually developed for each configuration separately. We worked to go beyond this separation. We developed a new algorithm valid for any configurations. Moreover, our algorithm is based on real distances between the optical elements, allowing generating images at any distances from the plenoptic camera. We defined a new parameterization between object and image spaces. Using geometrical optics, we calculated the matrix transformation between the two spaces. This allows back-projecting data from the acquired raw image to the object space, and reconstructing the pixels one by one, until the whole object. With this algorithm, we were able to simulate the process of image acquisition, and create synthetic plenoptic data. Reconstruction of these data was used to quantify the accuracy of the novel algorithm and prove its consistency.The refocusing algorithm allows reconstructing the depth planes one by one. Each refocused plane contains information about the whole 3D scene that has to be disentangled. The elements physically present at the refocused depth are intrinsically sharp, whereas the ones located at other depths are blurred. We used this contrast property to extract depth from the refocused images. We tested several existing methods derived from the field of depth from focus and studied their efficiency when applied to our images.In collaboration with European teams, we realized the first X-ray plenoptic camera that was tested at P05 beamline of PETRA III synchrotron. Based on the theoretical work developed in this thesis, we defined the best optical configuration, mounted the plenoptic camera, acquired X-ray plenoptic images, numerically refocused them using the new algorithm and verified the experimental resolutions and contrasts. Depth from focus techniques applied on the refocused stack allow to retrieve the expected depth plane. These are the first images acquired with an X-ray plenoptic camera
Cammoun, Mérièm. „Isolement de mutants sensibles aux rayons gamma chez Arabidopsis thaliana“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26174.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelporte, Laurence. „La stérilisation par les rayons gamma : application aux membranes d'hémodialyse“. Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDriol, Clémence. „Imagerie par rayonnement gamma diffusé à haute sensibilité“. Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0448.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the theoretical foundations of a new three-dimensional imaging principle based on high sensitivity detection of radiation emerging from an object under investigation. It represents a breakthrough in imaging science, as it makes use, not of primary radiation, but of Compton scattered radiation by the bulk of an object, which is subsequently registered by a non-moving gamma camera without mechanical collimation. Image formation is modelled by new integral transforms, first for emission imaging, in view of applications in medical imaging, next for transmission imaging, with possible applications in industrial non-destructive testing and finally for new bimodal imaging systems which combine the two previous modalities. Validation by Monte-Carlo simulations of the forward models and algebraic reconstructions of the inverse problems have clearly demonstrated the feasibility of this new imaging principle
Arabi, Mohamad Imad Eddin. „Amélioration de la résistance génétique de l'orge à Drechslera teres (Sacc. ) Shoem. Par hybridation et mutation“. Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT003A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAvezac, de Castera Pol d'. „Contribution à la calorimétrie du téléscope spatial à rayon gamma Glast et étude des cascades électron-photon sur le fond diffus extragalactique“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaria-Sube, Yves. „Structure et hétérogénéité d’une plate-forme récifale Miocène (Majorque) : implication pour les intrusions d'eau salée en zone côtière“. Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe coastal intrusion of brine threatens populations. This is particularly prejudicial in carbonate environments. We have studied the Miocene coral reef of S-E Majorca for better understanding the relation between geological structure and intrusion. For that purpose, we have used multi-scalar and multi-disciplinary methods. The measurements in 25 boreholes over the whole coral platform have allowed defining the stratigraphic structure and some elements of the regional tectonic. At the experimental site scale, the study of the mineral composition, the texture, and the diagenesis have allowed characterization of the carbonate sequence heterogeneity. This study contributes to the knowledge of the world best documented site for the evolution of carbonate reef reservoirs, with applications for brine intrusion and for hydrocarbon extraction
Hervet, Olivier. „Noyaux actifs de galaxies en rayons gamma extrêmes : connexions radio-gamma pour l'étude des blazars intermédiaires“. Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2015. https://hal.science/tel-01240215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of multi-wavelength observations of active galactic nuclei nowadays allows to reach a quasi-full coverage their emission from radio to the highest reachable energies, in the TeV domain, by the Cherenkov telescopes. Consequently, the emission models of the sources are increasingly constraints, in particular for the blazars where standard one zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission scenarios are regularly disproved by this new information flow. The main subject of this thesis is the in-depth study of blazars called “intermediates” between the two spectral categories identified long-time ago which are BL Lacs and FSRQs (for flat spectrum radio quasars). In a first stage we lead a complete study of the intermediate blazar Ap Librae for which we show that the extended jet basis play a very significant role in the overall source radiation. For this study we present the development of a SSC multi-zones code dealing in a consistent way the radiative interactions between the different components. Thereafter we are foscusing on the radio features of the jet, observed by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), being able to be used to constrain effectively the physical and geometrical parameters of the model. This study allows to deduce a strong link between the observed jet radio knots and the compact zone which emits in gamma-rays. In a second stage we characterize a blazar population by the radio spectra study, which like Ap Librae show a relatively strong jet compared to the emission of the compact SSC zone. We propose a new blazar classification based on kinematic properties of VLBI jets in a sample of VLBI jets in a sample of 167 sources selected in the MOJAVE database. A good correlation between VLBI kinematic properties and spectral classes is found and highlight the presence of an intermediate class. Hence we check consistence of the peculiar properties of this class in the general blazar unification scheme. This thesis being also within the H. E. S. S. Collaboration, we present the analysis results of recently detected or very promising sources at the very high energies. We expose also the last developments of a method which could improve the astrometric accuracy of the H. E. S. S. Array by a star tracking on the cameras
Hote, Christian. „Etude du rayonnement gamma émis par les pulsars“. Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30231.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBleuet, Pierre Magnin Isabelle. „Reconstruction 3D par tomosynthèse généralisée application à l'imagerie médicale par rayons X /“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/bleuet/index.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMastropietro, Francesca. „Imagerie de nanofils uniques par diffraction cohérente des rayons X“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716410.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRąpała, Michał. „Etude de la fission nucléaire par spectrométrie des rayons gamma prompts“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS390/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe desire to improve the fuel efficiency of nuclear reactors has motivated new solutions in their design. One of them is the heavy reflector used in the generation III+ and in the future generation IV reactors. γ-rays passing through matter cause its excitation and temperature rise. It is a process called γ-heating, and it is responsible for more than 90% of the heat production in the non-fuel region of the nuclear reactor. This is also the case of the heavy reflector. To simulate the γ-heating effect in every state of the nuclear reactor it is necessary to have precise data on the prompt γ-rays emitted by different fission fragments produced in the course of the nuclear chain reaction. In 2012, at the research reactor of the ILL, an innovative experiment, called EXILL, was conducted. It produced a large amount of useful data on the de-excitation of the fission fragments. A large number of HPGe detectors were used to study the neutron induced fission process by measuring the emitted γ-rays. Fissile targets were irradiated by an intense cold neutron beam. In this work we analyzed the ²³⁵U targets. We studied several fission fragments and more generally the fission process by using high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. At the beginning, we used the standard γ-γ-γ coincidence analysis method. We were able to filter experimental data, identify the well produced γ-rays, and calculate their relative intensities. The problems we have encountered are related to the background. The results obtained with this method were background dependent and thus presented some problems with reproducibility. We therefore developed and tested a new analysis methodology. Its crucial feature is a coincidence gates scanning in three directions which helps to find the most suitable background. The idea was to move from a “spectroscopic” method, which main purpose is finding new transitions and excited states in a nucleus, to a “spectrometric” method, which allows us to obtain more precise γ-ray intensities. We developed a semi-automatic analysis software which facilitates fitting of the chosen γ-ray peak, the contamination and the background. Various γ-ray intensity calculation schemes were derived to take into account different contamination strengths and placements. The results of the analysis with the new technique are reproducible and more reliable. The standard and the new analysis method were compared in the ¹⁴²Ba analysis. In this work, we also compared our experimental results on some nuclei, such as ¹⁰⁰Zr, with the simulation results performed with the FIFRELIN code. It is a Monte-Carlo code which simulates the fission process and the de-excitation of the fission fragments. It uses various models to describe these processes. We were able to test the behavior of different models implemented in FIFRELIN to find the optimal simulation parameter values and to test how well these setups reproduce the experimental results. FIFRELIN was unable to simultaneously reproduce the γ-ray intensities of ¹⁰⁰Zr and the prompt-neutron multiplicity averaged over all fission fragments. However, with modified simulation parameters, FIFRELIN locally provided correct prompt-neutron multiplicity for the fission fragment with the atomic mass A=100 and well reproduced γ-ray intensities of ¹⁰⁰Zr. We also compared our experimental results on ¹⁰⁰Zr coming from the ²³⁵U(n,f) process with the other available experimental data coming from the experiments on ²⁴⁸Cm(sf) and ²⁵²Cf(sf), and another experiment on ²³⁵U(n,f)
Girard, Loïc. „Détection de rayons gamma cosmiques et potentiel de découvertes avec le spectromètre AMS-02“. Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYet designed to measure charged component of the cosmic rays, the foreseen Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) could also release γ-ray studies, in the energy range from GeV to TeV, using the tracker system, for y-rays converted in e+ e- pair, and the electromagnetic calorimeter. In the first part of the thesis are described the calibrations and the performances of the engineering model of the calorimeter, obtained from the analysis of data taken during a test-beam performed at CERN in July 2002. In the second part of the thesis, the AMS-02 discovery potential for γ-astrophysics is presented. While exposure maps of the γ-sky are computed for one year of data taking with the g-detectors, the acceptance of the calorimeter is obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations. The AMS-02 potential is then estimated for signals from the Vela pulsar and for some supersymmetric signals from the Galactic center
Bleuet, Pierre. „Reconstruction 3D par tomosynthèse généralisée : application à l'imagerie médicale par rayons“. Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0059/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with reconstruction in digital medical tomosynthesis. This technique allows, starting from a low number of projections (typically twenty) acquired on a digital detector, to obtain three-dimensional information on the structure of the studied object. The main advantage of this technique is the ability to obtain such information using a standard radiological remote table with a digital detector. The X-Ray tube and detector are moving along a specific path defining the acquisition geometry. Furthermore, the total exam dose is equivalent to a single radiograph dose. The main drawback of this acquisition technique is the significant lack of data, and more particularly the limited angle of view which significantly restricts the vertical spatial resolution. From the mathematical point of view, the problem of reconstruction is a severely ill-posed inverse problem : angular range is limited, and only a few possibly noisy number of projections is available. We inverse this problem using the algebraic methods and more particularly the algorithms ART (Algebraic Reconstruction Technique). This type of method makes it possible to improve the resolution but does not deals with the noise problem. In order to improve the quality of the reconstructed object, we adapted the half-quadratic minimization algorithm in this tomosynthesis context. In order to limit the computation time, we developed a dedicated reconstruction and regularization scheme that allows to decompose the volume of interest into a series of independent reconstructed planes. Other processing are necessary to reconstruct high quality tomosynthetic slices. We propose a method to reduce truncation artifacts related to high projection angles and a metal artifacts reduction algorithm due to the possible presence of surgical prostheses within the body. In order to test and validate our approach, we built a radiological remote table with a certain flexibility in the acquisition geometry. Finally we show that it is possible to reconstruct large size images for thoracic imaging with a vertical resolution of about 1cm and a spatial resolution in the detector plane equal to the detector resolution (about 100 μm). For other bone-related applications such as the radiography of ankle or pedicular screwing, the results are very satisfactory in terms of image quality and artifacts suppression
Freud, Nicolas. „Modélisation et simulation de systèmes d'imagerie par rayons X ou gamma“. Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0061/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is devoted to the development of a computer code enabling to simulate in a short time realistic radiological images, taking into account the main physical parameters acting in an X- or gamma-ray imaging chain. In the first part, we carry out a general survey of the state of the art in the field of radiation transport simulation. This study leads us to choose a deterministic approach and to seek specific algorithms, devoted to the simulation of radiological images and, at first, accounting only for the directly transmitted radiation. The proposed solutions, which emphasize execution speed and robustness, are implemented in a code named VXI (Virtual X-ray Imaging). VXI makes it easy to carry out simulations in realistic imaging configurations (polychromatic spectrum, objects with complex geometry. . . The second part of this thesis broaches the simulation of the radiation scattered by the inspected objects. We propose a deterministic method to simulate first-order photon scattering without having recourse to a parallel computing architecture. This method is validated by comparing its results with the ones given by the Monte Carlo code Geant4
Freud, Nicolas Babot Daniel. „Modélisation et simulation de systèmes d'imagerie par rayons X ou gamma“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=freud.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChap. 2 et 4 rédigés en anglais. En appendice, 1 article rédigé en anglais intitulé "Optimal calibration via virtual X-ray imaging for dual-energy techniques : application to glass wool", issu du Colloque "Six international Conference on quality control by artificial vision" et paru dans la revue "SPIE", vol. 5132, 2003, p. 422-432. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 143-155.
Delarbre, Jean-Luc. „Imagerie d'émission gamma : Nouvelles méthodes d'exploitation du rayonnement diffusé“. Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CERG0268.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGamma ray imaging is one of the best ways to detect a hidden structure without having to take it apart. It is of invaluable help for environmental control, industrial non destructive testing and medical imaging. But it is affected by numerous degradations resulting in poor image quality. They are due mainly to Compton scattering and gamma ray attenuation in traversed medium. In a bold move, instead of discarding scattered rays as usually done, an original approach is proposed in this thesis by taking them into account and turning them into active imaging agent. Our work leads to two novel contributions in this respect: -three dimensional reconstruction of activity distribution from scattered ray data, -attenuation estimation from scattered radiation via the electronic density determination
Mohamad, Hadi Abdul Fattah. „Simulation de l'imagerie à 3γ avec un télescope Compton au xénon liquide“. Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00847425.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGirard, Sylvain. „Analyse de la réponse des fibres optiques soumises à divers environnements radiatifs“. Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a study of the radiation responses of optical fibers under different radiative environments (pulsed X rays, steady state g rays, cw UV). The first chapter describes the possible applications for the fibers in different nuclear fields and the radiation-induced losses phenomenon. In the second one, we describe our experimental set-up used to characterize the fiber radiation responses and the radiation-induced defects. In the third chapter, the radiation responses at 1. 31 and 1. 55 æm of the fibers are classified with respect to their core and cladding dopants and process parameters. The following chapter gives an analysis of the different mechanisms related to the origin of the radiation-induced losses. The last part of the thesis presents the comparison between the effects of g-rays and UV exposure on the optical fibers. From our whole study, we propose some rules for the design of radiation-hardened fibers
Lopes, de Oliveira Filho Raimundo. „Una nova classe de emissores de raios X : os sistemas do tipo gamma Cassiopeiae“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleγCassiopeiae (B0. 5Ve; γCas) has long stood out as having unique X-ray properties among massive stars and Be/X-ray systems. Their properties include hard-thermal X-ray emission (kT ~ 12 keV) of moderate luminosity (~ 1032−33 erg s−1, at 0,2–12 keV) and a light curve that displays marked variability on long and short time scales. In contrast, “normal” O-B-Be stars are usually soft (kT ~ 0,5 keV) and modest X-ray emitters, while all well-known Be/Xray systems (all of them are Be + neutron star binaries) are non-thermal and more intense X-ray emitters. In spite of several multi-wavelength observing campaigns, since its discovery as prototype of Be stars in the end of 19 century, the true nature of the X-ray emission of γCas remains elusive. Two exciting interpretations have been proposed in the recent literature and raise a number of interesting astrophysical issues, and these are that the X-rays are emitted from: (i) the interaction between a single-Be star with unusually strong magnetic activity and its decretion disk; and (ii) a binary system with an accreting white dwarf. In the first case, γCas would be a progenitor to the magnetars, while the Be +WD binary case would be predicted by evolutionary models of massive binary systems, though they are still not identified as such. One of the obstacles in advancing the understanding of the X-rays of γCas is the fact that the proposed models are restricted to one only object:γ Cas itself. This work intends to fill such gap. Our efforts were concentrated on two pillars of inquiry: the investigation of the X-rays of γCas itself, and the search for and study of new γCas analogs. We confirm the main properties already known in the literature of γCas, but a number of peculiarities were also observed for the first time. For example, the local photoelectric absorption of γ Cas is variable and apparently non-correlated with the intensity of the Fe fluorescence line at 6,4 keV. Also, we detect strong and recurrent variations in its energy distribution in the form of flare-like events in the X-ray colours. On the other hand, we present 6 B0. 5e-B1e stars with common X-ray and optical properties quite similar to those of the so far unique star γCas and we point out the emergence of a new class of X-ray emitters: the γ Cas-like sources. Apart the fact that all stars occupy a narrow band of spectral type, all of them have large or dense circumstellar disks. Othermembers of the class are: HD 161103, SAO 49725, SS 397, HD 119682, HD 110432 and USNO 0750- 13549725. The last three stars are blue stragglers in open clusters of ~ 45–60 millions of years (NGC 5281, NGC 4609 and NGC 6649, respectively). Therefore, an evolved status may be a prerequisite to the source being a peculiar X-ray Cas. Other 41 candidates to members of this class wereemitter like identified from an extensive investigation of the 2XMMp catalogue. The massive stars in five young open clusters (~ 10–25 millions of years) especially rich in Be stars (> 135) and in two other old open clusters (~ 95 and 300 millions of years) containing > 11 Be stars were investigated. We paid particular attention to the massive stars, with the aim of constraining evolutionary processes that might lead to the Be phenomenon and to search for low X-ray luminosity massive accreting binaries and γCas-like systems. There is no clear evidence of the presence of these systems in following clusters we have examined so far: NGC 7419, NGC 3766, NGC 663, NGC 884, NGC 869, NGC 3114 and IC 4725. The only exceptions are the well-known Be/X RXJ0146. 9+6121 in NGC 663, and perhaps forMWC 39 in NGC 884, which is most likely a neutron star accreting wind matter originating from its main sequence B star companion. The nature of the X-ray emission of the new class of γCas-like objects is discussed in light of the models proposed for γ Cas, on the basis of the derived properties and frequency of these objects in open clusters. Finally, we discuss the implications of the results in the context of the Be phenomenom. (This work was based on X-ray observations carried out byXMM-Newton satelite and available informations in the literature, and for some targets also on optical and infrared spectroscopy from several Earth-based telescopes. )
γCassiopeiae (B0. 5Ve; γCas) é uma estrela Be que apresenta uma emissão peculiar em raios X, sem precedentes dentre as estrelas massivas e sistemas binàrios contendo uma estrela Be e uma estrela compacta acretante (sistemas Be/X): emissão térmica em raios X duros (kT ~ 12 keV) de luminosidade moderada (~ 1032−33 erg s−1, em 0,2–12 keV), e que apresenta variabilidade intensa em curtas e longas escalas de tempo. As estrelas massivas O-B-Be “normais” apresentam emissão em raios X moles (kT ~ 0,5 keV) enquanto os sistemas Be/X, todos eles do tipo Be + estrela de nêutrons, apresentam emissão X dominada por processos não-térmicos. Embora γCas tenha sido investigada em todos os comprimentos de onda acessìveis, desde a sua descoberta como protótipo das estrelas Be no final do século 19, a origem de sua emissão em raios X não é entendida. Dois cenàrios foram propostos na literatura, ambos com implicações importantes na astrofìsica estelar: (i) a interação de uma estrela Be isolada com intensa atividade magnética e seu disco circunstelar, contrariamente ao esperado em estrelas massivas e eventualmente progenitores de magnetares; e (ii) um sistema do tipo Be + anã branca, previsto em grande número pelos modelos evolutivos de binàrias massivas mas nunca identificados. Um dos principais obstàculos no avanço do entendimento da fenomenologia em raios X de γCas é o fato desta ser a única estrela Be conhecida na qual os modelos podem ser testados. Este trabalho, de cunho observacional, tem como proposta principal o preenchimento desta lacuna. Avançamos no entendimento da fenomenologia γCas em altas energias a partir de dois pilares: na Cas, e na busca por – e investigação de –investigação dos raios X de estrelas Be com emissão X similar a de γCas. Nós confirmamos as principais propriedades de γCas jà conhecidas da literatura, mas certas peculiaridades foram observadas pela primeira vez. Por exemplo, a absorção intrìnseca é variàvel e aparentemente não é correlacionada com a intensidade da linha do Fe por fluorescência em 6,4 keV. Além disso, nós detectamos fortes e recorrentes variações na distribuição de energia, na forma de eventos do tipo flare na cor em raios X. Por outro lado, apresentamos 6 estrelas B0. 5e-B1e cujas semelhanças em raios X e no óptico com γCas revelaram uma nova classe estelar de emissores em raios X: os sistemas γCas. Além do fato dessas estrelas ocuparem uma região restrita em tipo espectral, todas possuem discos circunstelares extensos ou densos. São elas: HD 161103, SAO 49725, SS 397, HD 119682, HD 110432 e USNO 0750-13549725. As três últimas estrelas são blue stragglers em aglomerados abertos de ~ 45–60milhões de anos (NGC 5281, NGC 4609 e NGC 6649, respectivamente), e portanto um estàgio evolutivo avançado pode ser um pré-requisito para que uma estrela Be seja um Cas. Outros 41 candidatos a membros dessa classe foramsistema identificados numa investigação sistemàtica do catàlogo 2XMMp. Cinco aglomerados abertos jovens (~ 10 a 25 milhões de anos) e ricos em estrelas Be (> 135 no total) e outros dois aglomerados velhos (~ 95 e 300 milhões de anos) contendo > 11 estrelas Be foram investigados. Atenção especial foi dada `as estrelas massivas, com o objetivo de impor limites aos processos evolutivos que devem conduzir ao fenômeno Be, e procurar por binàrias massivas de baixa luminosidade em raios X e Cas. Não hà evidência da presença desses sistemas nospor sistemas aglomerados investigados, a saber: NGC 7419, NGC 3766, NGC 663, NGC 884, NGC 869, NGC 3114 e IC 4725. As duas únicas exceções são o bem conhecido sistema Be/X RX J0146. 9+6121 em NGC 663, e talvez MWC 39 em NGC 884, no qual hà provavelmente uma estrela de nêutrons acretando parte do vento dessa estrela de Sequência Principal. A natureza da emissão em raios X dos objetos da nova classe é discutida segundo Cas, com base nas propriedades derivadas eosmodelos propostos para na frequência desses objetos em aglomerados abertos. Finalmente, discutimos as implicações dos resultados obtidos no contexto do fenˆomeno Be. (Todas as investigações foram baseadas em observações em raios X realizadas a partir do satélite XMM-Newton e em informações disponìveis na literatura, e para alguns dos alvos a partir de espectroscopia no óptico e infravermelho obtidas em diversos telescópios terrestres. )
Lemaire, Hermine. „Développement d'une caméra gamma de troisième génération“. Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOcalization of gamma ray emitters is currently a major issue for nuclear industry and for Homeland Security applications. The GAMPIX coded-mask gamma camera developed by the CEA is able to carry out this localization. Its main limitation is the lack of spectrometric information preventing the identification of detected radionuclides and consequently the assessment of radiation dangerousness. Based on this observation, the aim of the PhD was to design a coded-mask gamma imaging-spectrometer for simultaneous localization and identification of gamma ray emitters. In a first time, we implemented a detection system, optimized for spectrometry, based on the system currently integrated in GAMPIX which is composed of a Timepix readout chip (designed by the CERN) hybridized with a cadmium telluride semiconductor substrate. After setting the electronic parameters of the chip, we determined the optimal bias voltage for the substrate and achieved energy calibration of the detection system. A second research path dealt with the integration of the spectrometric information coming from the detector into data treatment. Two trails were considered respectively based on an energy windowing of the data and on the use of MLEM algorithms. A last part was finally dedicated to the assessment of detectors providing an added value compared to Timepix in terms of spectrometric performances. Two detectors were considered: the Medipix3 detector designed by the CERN and the Caliste HD detector developed by the IRFU Institute (CEA). The latter was integrated into a prototype of gamma camera and tests proved the relevance of its use in such a system
Tsirou, Michelle. „Study of Pulsar Wind Nebulae in Very-High-Energy gamma-rays with H.E.S.S“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePulsar wind nebulae consist of magnetised clouds of positrons and electrons accelerated to very high energies through the action of a central pulsar, often embedded within a host supernova remnant. They are the largest population of firmly identified sources of TeV gamma-rays within the Galaxy and are thought to be contributors to the leptonic Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum,and thus viable source candidates in the quest to interpret the origin of the cosmic-ray positron fraction excess. Their very-high-energy gamma-ray emission is of particular interest for spectral models, as their dominant radiation process is inverse Compton scattering on target photons present in interstellar radiation fields such as the visible, near and far infrared ambient photons in addition to the Cosmic Microwave Background.In this thesis dissertation I present the scope of my research work, which lies on pulsar wind nebula morphology and understanding their very-high-energy radiation.I report the latest morphological and spectral studies of the pulsar wind nebula within the MSH 15-52 composite supernova remnant through High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) observations.In this phenomenological study I have conducted a fit of the very-high-energy emission morphology beyond ~ 0.3 TeV detected in HESS-I data using a template X-ray synchrotron map in the 4–7 keV band based on archival Chandra observations. In the model of the emission, the gamma-ray emission produced by inverse Compton scattering is thought to ensue from the same leptonic population responsible for the observed synchrotron emission, and thus the X-ray template represents the spatial distribution of these electrons and positrons, convolved with the spatial dependence of the magnetic field. Our best-fit results yield an additional extended TeV component located on the south-eastern region of the nebula, centered at ∼4 pc from the position of the associated pulsar PSR B1509-58, with an intrinsic radius of ∼7′(or 9 pc). We also detect a significant steepening in the spectral shape of the total emission from the pulsar wind nebula, occurring above∼10 TeV. This coincides with a shrinking of the emission observed in the sky map, as revealed by our energy-dependent morphological analyses. Several scenarii are presented so as to explain our morphological and spectral results concerning the emission originating from MSH 15-52. Based on the Galactic radiation field characteristics derived from published models, the gamma-ray emission is well described by leptons scattering on the far infrared and cosmic microwave backgrounds, respectively at lower and higher energies than the detected spectral steepening energy, which suggests an interpretation of the energy dependence as a consequence of Klein-Nishina effects in the cross-section.During the last year of my thesis I have worked with collaborators on a study of drivers behind the observed significant offsets of TeV-emitting pulsar wind nebulae with respect to their pulsar. We performed relativistic (magneto)-hydrodynamical numerical simulations and tested physical setups in one-dimensional studies and are pursuing an ongoing two-dimensional investigation to quantify the effect of the pulsar proper motion in comparison to ambient medium density gradients so as to derive constrains on these physical factors leading to asymmetrical evolution in pulsar wind nebulae
Faraggi, Marc. „Modélisation de la dose délivrée par les électrons au niveau cellulaire : Application aux émissions électroniques des principaux radio-éléments utilisés en médecine nucléaire à visée diagnostique“. Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMercier, Géraldine. „Etude des variations du transcriptome après exposition aux rayons gamma chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae“. Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExposure of cells to ionising radiation leads to the so-called radio-induced cellular response. In general, this response consisted in a cell cycle arrest and in the repair of the induced lesions. My PhD work consisted of a study of genome-wide radio-induced transcriptional response in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using DNA microarray technology, we compared genome-wide transcription levels in gamma-irradiated and unirradiated cells. The first sub-genomic analysis was carried out on 126 genes, after irradiation of diploid cells at two different doses that led to very different survival rates. The transcription level of the 126 genes was studied at different time points following irradiation and throughout the entire period of cell cycle arrest. It revealed that a group of genes are potentially co-regulated during the radio-induced cellular response. The transcriptional genome-wide analysis following gamma irradiation was carried out on three different S. Cerevisiae cell types: the Mata/Matα diploid strain and the two Mata and Matα haploid strains. Exposure of these strains to the same level of ionising radiation led to very different rates of survival level. A major result of the analysis of these experiments was the demonstration that a specific set of sub-telomeric genes is specifically radio-induced in haploid strains. Using a different approach, we measured biological response to low levels of irradiation. Cells were irradiated during 12 generations at doses that neither led to any detectable lethality nor modifications of the genetic material. This study, which employed several statistical method, showed irradiation-induced changes at the transcription level for a group of genes whose products are preferentially located in the mitochondrion
GRUMBACH, SONIA. „L'incidence de la decontamination par les rayonnements gamma sur des drogues vegetales“. Strasbourg 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR15018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePiel, Quentin. „Mise en route du premier grand télescope de CTA et étude de sources de rayons gamma transitoires“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince 1967 and their discovery by the VELA satellites, Gamma- Ray Bursts (GRB) have been intensively studied. Until recently, the detection maximal energy of these sources was set at 100 GeV. Arrays of Cherenkov telescope never detected this type of source up to 2018. One of these networks, H.E.S.S. has observed several dozen of GRBs during the last decade. Ongoing improvements to the telescope network with the construction of the large one, and to reconstruction and analysis software have greatly improved the quality of observations and the choice of alerts to follow. The H.E.S.S. observations allowed to put numerous constraints on gamma ray emission models. For instance the long-term monitoring of the event GW170817 allowed to constraint the magnetic field in the ejecta. After many follow-ups, the first detection of a gamma burst beyond 100 GeV was made with H.E.S.S., 10h after the Swift–BAT detection. This exceptional object is the first of its kind to be detected at very high energy and poses new constraints for the modeling of gamma-ray bursts.The future Cherenkov telescope array called CTA will enter a data acquisition phase. Improvements in both components and methods of analysis will improve the sensitivity of the network by a factor of ten over the current generation. The large telescopes of this array, the LSTs, will be the masterpiece of the monitoring of GRBs. Its high sensitivity in the low-energy regime (environ 100 GeV) and high repositioning speed will make this new telescope the best chance to detect a large sample of gamma-ray surge. Early estimates from the application of a leptonic model have shown that CTA and LSTs should allow multiple detections of gamma-ray bursts during the first years of operation.Since the end of 2018, the first prototype of the LST construction is completed. The first validations of the technical choices for the control system were performed thanks to a MATLAB / Simulink model of the telescope structure. These simulations validated the components used and the objectives set by the CTA collaboration.During the first months of operation of the telescope, the real-time analysis and the bending model will be implemented. The aim of the bending model is to take into account the deformation of the structure in the telescope's pointing. This crucial correction to achieve the set precision objectives (<30arcsec) by CTA collaboration is now functional and should be used for all other large telescopes.Real-time analysis is one of the last assets of the LST. It should for the first time be able to receive and send alerts to and from partner instruments. For this purpose, a real-time analysis has been developed and is in operation since the first data-taking tests
Sarria, David. „Modèle Monte Carlo du transport dans l'atmosphère des électrons relativistes et des photons gamma en relation avec les TGF“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30188/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThunderstorms are sources of intense transient phenomena, including light in the visible range and also in X and gamma rays. These phenomena are detected in the form of photon flashes called "Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes" (TGF). The purpose of this thesis is the development of a numerical model to study and understand the mechanisms associated with TGF. Studying TGF is then important to understand the physics of lightning and thunderstorms (which are very common phenomena, but the micro-physics is still poorly understood), together with the coupling between the atmosphere and the ionosphere of the Earth. This thesis is also part of the preparation for the TARANIS mission from the CNES, which will be launched in 2017. Among others, TARANIS will have the XGRE and IDEE instruments, able to characterize X/gamma photons and the associated relativistic electrons. After its emission, at around 15 km altitude, this flux of gamma-rays are filtered and altered by the atmosphere and a small part of it may be detected by a satellite in low earth orbit. This last is made of scattered primary photons, together with secondary produced electrons and positrons. A part of these secondary can escape the atmosphere and will then be confined by geomagnetic field lines. Thus, trying to get information on the initial flux from the measurement is a very complex inverse problem, which can only be tackled by the use of a model solving the transport the involved high energy particles. In this thesis, we firstly make a synthesis of the main work that has been done concerning observations and modeling associated with TGF, since their discovery, around 20 years ago, until today. Secondly, we present and validate the MC-PEPTITA model for the transport of the involved energetic particles. It uses Monte-Carlo methods, the EPDL and EEDL cross-section sets, and the methods of simulation of the interactions are similar to what is presented for the PENELOPE code. Moreover, exterior models for the atmosphere (NRLMSISE-00) and the magnetic field of the Earth (IGRF-11) are also integrated. The collision model of MC-PEPTITA is then validated by comparison with the reference code GEANT4 from the CERN. Furthermore, its ability to reproduce precisely some real lightcurves observed by the Fermi space telescope helps to strengthen even more its validation. Once the model is built and validated, we present and decompose in detail the simulation of a typical TGF event, in order to bring out all its complexity. Finally, we conduct direct comparisons between the model and the data measured by the Fermi space telescope to establish or verify important properties concerning the TGF and the associated beams of electrons and positrons
Li, Xiang. „Nano-émulsions radio-opaques iodées pour applications précliniques en imagerie par rayons X“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe X-ray microtomography (called mico-CT, CT = Computed Tomography) is a high-resolution X-ray tomography, uses X-rays to create cross-sections of a 3D-object that later can be used to recreate a virtual model without destroying the original model. The contrast agent is a substance used to enhance the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. The purposes of the thesis were the development of iodine-containing nano-emulsion based contrast for preclinical applications in biomedical imaging. We proposed to study blood pool contrast agents based on iodine-containing nano-emulsions and to develop simpler procedure for the preparation of these iodine-containing nano-emulsions. Three different iodinated oils were synthesized and used as the contrasting part in the nano-emulsions. Finally, nano-emulsions of iodinated α-tocopherol have been enabled us to achieve the purpose of the thesis. These iodinated nano-emulsions demonstrated very good biocompatibility and showed prolonged and significant contrast enhancement in both bloodstream and liver tissues
VARGAS, MARIELLE. „Etude des sources de rayons x durs et de rayons gamma du bulbe galactique au moyen de la base de donnees sigma“. Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077158.
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