Dissertationen zum Thema „Imagerie de la microstructure du cerveau“
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Bihan-Poudec, Yann. „IRM de diffusion cérébrale à haute résolution : développements des méthodes de reconstruction et de post-traitement“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1299.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiffusion imaging (dMRI) is a unique method for studying brain microstructure and brain connectivity in a non-invasive way. However, the low resolution and quality of this imaging restricts its use in some applications. The aim of this thesis is to develop very high resolution cerebral MRI on an anesthetized macaque model on a 3T scanner using a segmented 3D echo-planar 3D imaging sequence (3D-msEPI). After a stage of development of the reconstruction and post-processing of the data, we made diffusion images on the macaque brain at an isotropic spatial resolution of 0.5mm. This resolution allowed us to delineate and characterize fine structures such as hippocampal sublayers or superficial white matter, which are undetectable with classical sequences. However, this method is vulnerable to the elastic movements of the brain tissue induced by the cardiovascular pulsations. A strategy of synchronization of the acquisition on this one allowed us to characterize their effects on the very high resolution MRI in the anesthetized monkey. These effects are characterized by ghosting artifacts and signal losses that corrupt images, tensor, and tractography in specific areas of the brain. The synchronization allowed us to realize macaque brain diffusion imaging at spatial resolutions and very high diffusion weights never reached before. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of our method for neuroscientific and medical applications in humans
Fang, Chengran. „Neuron modeling, Bloch-Torrey equation, and their application to brain microstructure estimation using diffusion MRI“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNon-invasively estimating brain microstructure that consists of a very large number of neurites, somas, and glial cells is essential for future neuroimaging. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a promising technique to probe brain microstructural properties below the spatial resolution of MRI scanners. Due to the structural complexity of brain tissue and the intricate diffusion MRI mechanism, in vivo microstructure estimation is challenging.Existing methods typically use simplified geometries, particularly spheres, and sticks, to model neuronal structures and to obtain analytical expressions of intracellular signals. The validity of the assumptions made by these methods remains undetermined. This thesis aims to facilitate simulationdriven brain microstructure estimation by replacing simplified geometries with realistic neuron geometry models and the analytical intracellular signal expressions with diffusion MRI simulations. Combined with accurate neuron geometry models, numerical dMRI simulations can give accurate intracellular signals and seamlessly incorporate effects arising from, for instance, neurite undulation or water exchange between soma and neurites.Despite these advantages, dMRI simulations have not been widely adopted due to the difficulties in constructing realistic numerical phantoms, the high computational cost of dMRI simulations, and the difficulty in approximating the implicit mappings between dMRI signals and microstructure properties. This thesis addresses the above problems by making four contributions. First, we develop a high-performance opensource neuron mesh generator and make publicly available over a thousand realistic cellular meshes.The neuron mesh generator, swc2mesh, can automatically and robustly convert valuable neuron tracing data into realistic neuron meshes. We have carefully designed the generator to maintain a good balance between mesh quality and size. A neuron mesh database, NeuronSet, which contains 1213 simulation-ready cell meshes and their neuroanatomical measurements, was built using the mesh generator. These meshes served as the basis for further research. Second, we increased the computational efficiency of the numerical matrix formalism method by accelerating the eigendecomposition algorithm and exploiting GPU computing. The speed was increased tenfold. With similar accuracy, the optimized numerical matrix formalism is 20 times faster than the FEM method and 65 times faster than a GPU-based Monte Carlo method. By performing simulations on realistic neuron meshes, we investigated the effect of water exchange between somas and neurites, and the relationship between soma size and signals. We then implemented a new simulation method that provides a Fourier-like representation of the dMRI signals. This method was derived theoretically and implemented numerically. We validated the convergence of the method and showed that the error behavior is consistent with our error analysis. Finally, we propose a simulation-driven supervised learning framework to estimate brain microstructure using diffusion MRI. By exploiting the powerful modeling and computational capabilities that are mentioned above, we have built a synthetic database containing the dMRI signals and microstructure parameters of 1.4 million artificial brain voxels. We have shown that this database can help approximate the underlying mappings of the dMRI signals to volume and surface fractions using artificial neural networks
Jallais, Maëliss. „Enabling cortical cell-specific sensitivity on diffusion MRI microstructure measurements using likelihood-free inference“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or Huntington's disease, lead to the progressive and irreversible loss of mental functions. Dementia and cognitive deficits appear to be primarily related to neuronal and synaptic connectivity loss. Although these diseases' external impact and progression are readily observable, accessing microstructural changes in the brain remains a challenge, making it difficult to understand these diseases and develop treatments.With technological advances, diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) has emerged as a novel method to study the microstructure of the brain non-invasively and in-vivo. This medical imaging technique is based on the study of random microscopic movements of water molecules, known as Brownian movements. In the brain, the movements of the molecules are constrained by cell membranes, making diffusion anisotropic. Each tissue component, such as somas (cell bodies) or neurites, has a distinct shape. The characteristics of the tissue thus modulate the diffusion brain signal obtained during an MRI acquisition.My thesis aims to develop a method to infer a tissue microstructure from a dMRI acquisition in the grey matter (GM).The solution to this inverse problem of estimating brain microstructure from dMRI is threefold:1. The definition of a biological model describing the GM tissues. Existing microstructural models of white matter were proven not to hold in the GM. We adapted these models to take into account the abundance of somas in the GM.2. A mathematical modeling of the GM tissue. We modeled each compartment of the tissue model by simple geometrical shapes, for which the diffusion signal is known. We developed a signal processing algorithm to synthesize the key information contained in the diffusion signal and relate it to a set of parameters describing the tissue (notably the size and density of neurons). This algorithm is based on a study of the statistical moments of the signal at different MRI gradient strengths. Unlike existing methods, no biological parameters are arbitrarily fixed, which allows for the best possible description of the cortical tissue of each subject.3. An inversion algorithm to estimate the tissue parameters that generated the acquisition signal. Once the mathematical model relating tissue parameters to the diffusion signal is defined, the objective is to solve the inverse problem of estimating tissue microstructure from an observation. A limitation of current methods is their inability to identify all possible tissue configurations that can explain the same observed diffusion signal, making the interpretation of the proposed estimates difficult. We used a Bayesian deep-learning method called "likelihood-based inference" combined with neural networks to solve this problem. This method allows identifying and returning all possible tissue configurations along with their posterior distributions (probability given an observation), facilitating their interpretation.We first validated this approach on simulations. Based on a few acquisition constraints, we then applied the global resolution method to the HCP MGH and HCP1200 databases of the Human Connectome Project. We developed a python library to study those simulated or acquired data. The obtained results were then compared with histological and cognitive studies to verify their validity
Chatterjee, Sudhanya. „Gaining insights into brain tissues using multi-compartment T2 relaxometry models“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S083/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we propose two multi-compartment T2 relaxometry (MCT2) models which provide information on brain tissue microstructure. Three T2 relaxometry compartments were considered in each voxel representing tissues with short T2, medium T2 and high T2 relaxation times. The complexity associated with the estimation of the parameters for such parametric models has then been explored. The first MCT2 model we propose computes the fractional representation of pre-defined T2 pools. In the next MCT2 model the fractional representations as well as T2 pool parameter were estimated for the medium T2 compartment. For both models the choice of approach was justified using a cost function analysis and a dedicated estimation framework was proposed.Our MCT2 model was used for two applications. In the first application the evolution of MCT2 biomarkers was studied in gadolinium (Gd) enhancing and nonenhancing regions of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in 10 patients with clinically isolated syndrome. The potential of combining the MCT2 biomarkers with diffusion MRI (dMRI) derived microstructure information to identify Gd enhancing regions in MS lesions was then demonstrated in the second application. The results show that the proposed MCT2 biomarkers can be effective tools to study the condition and evolution of tissue microstructures in the brain. Combining the MCT2 biomarkers with dMRI microstructure information enabled us to address a critical and challenging problem of limiting the use of gadolinium usage in detecting enhancing lesion regions in MS patients
Girard, Gabriel. „Tractographie de la matière blanche orientée par a priori anatomiques et microstructurels“. Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a unique imaging modality sensitive to the microscopic movement of water molecules in biological tissues. By characterizing the movement of water molecules, it is possible to infer the macroscopic neuronal pathways of the brain. The technique, so-called tractography, had become the tool of choice to study non-invasively the human brain's white matter in vivo. For instance, it has been used in neurosurgical intervention planning and in neurodegenerative diseases monitoring. In this thesis, we report biases from current tractography reconstruction and suggest methods to reduce them. We first use anatomical priors, derived from a high resolution T1-weighted image, to guide tractography. We show that knowledge of the nature of biological tissue helps tractography to reconstruct anatomically valid neuronal pathways, and reduces biases in the estimation of complex white matter regions. We then use microstructural priors, derived from the state-of-the-art diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging protocol, in the tractography reconstruction process. This allows tractography to follow the movement of water molecules not only along neuronal pathways, but also in a microstructurally specific environment. Thus, the tractography distinguishes more accurately neuronal pathways and reduces reconstruction errors. Moreover, it provides the mean to study white matter microstructure characteristics along neuronal pathways. Altogether, we show that anatomical and microstructural priors used during the tractography process improve brain’s white matter reconstruction
Ogunleke, Abiodun. „Imagerie chimique 3D de tumeurs du cerveau“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree-dimensional (3D) histology is a new advanced tool for cancerology. The whole chemical profile and physiological characteristics of a tissue is essential to understand the rationale of pathology development. However, there is no analytical technique, in vivo or histological, that is able to discover such abnormal features and provide a 3D distribution at microscopic resolution.Here, we introduce a unique high- throughput infrared (IR) microscopy method that combines automated image correction and subsequent spectral data analysis for 3D-IR image reconstruction. I performed spectral analysis of a complete organ for a small animal model, a mouse brain with animplanted glioma tumor. The 3D-IR image is reconstructed from 370 consecutive tissue sectionsand corrected using the X-ray tomogram of the organ for an accurate quantitative analysis of thechemical content. A 3D matrix of 89 x 106 IR spectra is generated, allowing us to separate the tumor mass from healthy brain tissues based on various anatomical, chemical, and metabolic parameters. I demonstrate for the first time that quantitative metabolic parameters (glucose, glycogen and lactate) can be extracted and reconstructed in 3D from the IR spectra for the characterization of the brain vs. tumor metabolism (assessing the Warburg effect in tumors). Our method can be further exploited by searching for the whole spectral profile, discriminating different anatomical landmarks in the brain. I demonstrate this by the reconstruction of the corpus callosum and basal ganglia region of the brain
Sablong, Raphaël. „Méthodes optiques pour l'exploration fonctionnelle du cerveau“. Grenoble 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10231.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNear Infrared spectroscopy can be a complementary technique to NMR for functional exploration of the brain. During this thesis, we have developed fibered optical devices in order to provide diagnosis auxiliary tools by cerebral hemodynamics measurements. In vivo experiments were performed in rats according to three objectives: first to determine the arterial input function from tissue optical density change after tracer (ICG) bolus injections; second oximetry by differential method based on wide band spectrometric measurement; third to map the arrival time of ICG bolus in order to detect stroke by means of a specific multichannel device. The relevance of these preliminary results is discussed taking into account physiologic noise sources and approximations of current models that are applied to such a complex biological system as brain
Ben, Salem Douraïed. „Spectroscopie RMN du cerveau et maladies vasculaires“. Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOMU05.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe microvascular attack of brain has an effect less marked than stroke but it is at the origin of neuronal damage and cognitive deteriorations. The provision of the final vascularization of basal ganglia (BG) particularly exposes them to ischemia. Moreover, the involvement of the BG in many functional and anatomical loops is likely to favor the consequences of these vascular lesions on cognition, and balance & gait. This work aims to present a number of results focusing on hypertension. About 2 cases reports of vascular dementia, we observed, in the absence of stroke, a fall of the NAA in the subcortical gray matter. This observation led us to take an interest to explore ischemic disease by cerebral spectroscopy and to measure NAA ratios in BG and in thalami. The 1st situation is that of the controlateral hemisphere to an ischemic stroke. In this latter study, we showed that the NAA ratio of these “healthy” voxels were in fact dependent on the patient’s cardiovascular risk factors, in particular with the presence of hypertension. In order to better specify the role of hypertension and age as well as relations between the neurochemical abnormalities observed and the cognitive deterioration, it was important to be able to explore a strokeless population. The Three-City(3C) Study, provided us an interesting opportunity. We were able to select a group with no other cardiovascular risk factors except hypertension. From this population, we highlighted links between brain spectroscopy and hypertension. A final publication showed that in this population, mental flexibility and balance gait performances were linked to abnormal morphological and metabolic brain abnormalities
Creac'h, Christelle. „Physiologie de la douleur et imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale : une étude en IRM fonctionnelle sur l'activation cérébrale au cours d'une stimulation nociceptive aigue͏̈ chez 16 volontaires sains“. Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrimbert, François. „Mesoscopic models of cortical structures“. Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with mesoscopic models of cortical columns and cortical areas. We model a cortical column as a small network of neural masses and a cortical area as a two-dimensional continuous network of such cortical columns, forming then a neural field. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to cortical columns. We review the current biological knowledge on columnar circuitry and present a mathematical study of a mesoscopic column model based on bifurcation techniques. In the second part, we study two nonlinear neural field models. The first model consists in infinite two-dimensional fields that need a precise instantiation of the connectivities and a precise definition of the patterns we expect it to produce. In this framework, we focus on the analysis of bumps. The second neural field model is defined on a compact domain? We discuss its well-posedness, stability and ability to show synchrony via functional analysis techniques. The last part of this thesis deals with the modelling of voltage sensitive dye optical imaging signals. We show that neural fields are suitable models of cortical areas. Then we propose a biophysical formula, based on neural fields, for the direct problem of VSDO ! Finally, we make numerical simulations and reproduce optical signals that have been observed in the visual cortex of mammals and the barrel cortex of the rat
Destrieux, Christophe. „Établissement et validation d'un atlas anatomique informatisé du cortex cérébral humain étudié in vivo sur représentation déplissée“. Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3123/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe first present different methods used to describe the anatomy of the human cerebral cortex, and various coordinates systems. Then we comment the method we published for a fully automated parcellation of the cortical surface. It is described among various other techniques developed for the same purpose. Our method uses a bayesian approach to include several pieces of information in the labeling process : manual parcellation of 12 cortical surfaces, but also shape of the surface and anatomical classes of neighboring vertices. Finally, we comment the anatomical rules we proposed to parcellate the cortical surface in 74 anatomical classes per hemisphere. This parcellation can be used by the automated method we published, but also remains close enough to the anatomical conventions used in the neuroimaging field. We propose several improvements of the Terminologia Anatomica The software and the database are available and included in the FreeSurfer package (http : //surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/)
Saikali, Stéphan. „Construction d'un atlas stéréotaxique de cerveau de porc“. Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1B136.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presence of several lacks in the sole stereotaxic pig brain atlas available in the litterature led us to build a three dimensional (3D) digital and stereotaxic atlas from pig brain so that it fulfills the needs of functional neuroimaging and functional neurosurgery. In a first step we had to adapt to our theme the best acquisition parameters possible on a 4. 7 MRI to obtain high resolution images. We also adjusted the standard histological techniques to the constraints of size and tissue to respect pig brain stereotaxic coordinates integrity. In a second step we built an anatomical atlas of pig brain from MR and histological images of one hemisphere by applying a symmetrical transformation through the midsagittal plane. A probabilistic atlas has also been built from three pig brains using the former atlas as the spatial stereotaxic frame. Our results have led to an anatomical 3D and digital atlas containing data for 178 cortical, subcortical and cerebellar structures, including 28 clearly identified cortical areas per hemisphere. The probabilistic atlas contains spatial probabilistic coordinates of 62 deep brain structures. Our digital and 3D atlas has been successfully compared to pig brain multimodal images. The few neuroanatomical data available in the litterature emphasize the need to validate our results by future cortical and subcortical studies. The anatomical analysis of pig brain shows similarities with human brain and underlines the importance of this animal model in fundamental neuroimaging and neurosurgery studies
Clouchoux, Cédric. „Localisation et parcellisation corticale pour la mise en correspondance inter-sujets de données cérébrales“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22079.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with inter-subject cortical surface matching, a central point of anatomical and functional MR data analysis. The problem is tackled by defining an anatomically invariant surface parameterization process. The goal is to build a reproductible surface based referential able to locate any point relative to a number of anatomically invariant features. Those features, defined via o model of cortical organisation, are detected and identified automatically. Frome these features, the parametrization is extrapolated over the whole cortex by solving a PDE. We also propose a cortical parcellation technique from the coordinate sytem built before. Processes are tested on a large set of real data
Keller, Merlin. „Selection of a model of cerebral activity for fMRI Group Data analysis“. Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the statistical analysis of multi-sub ject fMRI data, with the purpose of identifying bain structures involved in certain cognitive or sensori-motor tasks, in a reproducible way across sub jects. To overcome certain limitations of standard voxel-based testing methods, as implemented in the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software, we introduce a Bayesian model selection approach to this problem, meaning that the most probable model of cerebral activity given the data is selected from a pre-defined collection of possible models. Based on a parcellation of the brain volume into functionally homogeneous regions, each model corresponds to a partition of the regions into those involved in the task under study and those inactive. This allows to incorporate prior information, and avoids the dependence of the SPM-like approach on an arbitrary threshold, called the clusterforming threshold, to define active regions. By controlling a Bayesian risk, our approach balances false positive and false negative risk control. Urthermore, it is based on a generative model that accounts for the spatial uncertainty on the localization of individual effects, due to spatial normalization errors. On both simulated and real fMRI datasets, we show that this new paradigm corrects several biases of the SPM-like approach, which either swells or misses the different active regions, depending on the choice of a cluster-forming threshold
Géraud, Thierry. „Segmentation des structures internes du cerveau en imagerie par résonance magnétique tridimensionnelle“. Paris, ENST, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENST0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGupta, Vikash. „Imagerie du tenseur de diffusion du cerveau : vers des outils cliniques quantitatifs“. Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis explores three major methodological questions in clinical brain DTI, in the context of a clinical study on HIV. The first question is how to improve the DTI resolution. The second problem addressed in the thesis is how to create a multimodal population specific atlas. The third question is on the computation of statistics to compare white matter (WM) regions among controls and HIV patients. Clinical DTIs have low spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio making it difficult to compute meaningful statistics. We propose a super-resolution (SRR) algorithm for improving DTI resolution. The SRR is achieved using anisotropic regularization prior. This method demonstrates improved fractional anisotropy and tractography. In order to spatially normalize all images in a consistent coordinate system, we create a multimodal population specific brain atlas using the T1 and DTI images from a HIV dataset. We also transfer WM labels from an existing white matter parcellation map to create probabilistic WM atlas. This atlas can be used for region of interest based statistics and refining manual segmentation. On the statistical analysis side, we improve the existing tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) by using DTI based registration for spatial normalization. Contrary to traditional TBSS routines, we use multivariate statistics for detecting changes in WM tracts. With the improved method it is possible to detect differences in WM regions and correlate it with the neuropschylogical test scores of the subjects
Géraud, Thierry. „Segmentation des structures internes du cerveau en imagerie par résonance magnétique tridimentionnelle /“. Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37175713f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesjardins, Michèle. „Imagerie multimodale des corrélats vasculaires du vieillissement cérébral“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066774.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral decades of research have demonstrated that aging affects a multitude of components in the brain. In particular, evidence is accumulating on the relation between brain function and vascular health, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), which decreases with age, and cardiopulmonary health which could correlate with cognitive performance according to some studies. Several brain imaging techniques commonly used in research, such as the blood oxygenation level dependent signal in magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI), are based on the vascular correlates of neural activity. This makes them suitable tools for the study of the vascular effects of aging, which directly influence the measured signals. This thesis used several imaging modalities based on hemodynamics to study the effects of aging on the brain at different spatial scales, in humans and in an animal model, the rat. Initially, two-photon microscopy was used to measure the velocity of red blood cells (RBCs), the diameter and the density of capillaries and the local hematocrit in nearly 1000 capillaries in 12 young (3 months-old) and 12 aged anesthetized Long-Evans rats (24 months-old). We measured higher RBCs velocity and diameter in the capillaries of aged rats (by 48 and 7 % respectively), while the hematocrit and volumetric capillary density were lower (by 32 and 20 %). These results suggest that the decrease in CBF with age is due primarily to a decrease in vascular density. Second, MRI and time-resolved spectroscopy were used to measure the CBF, oxygenation (sO2) and total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) in the brains of young (18-30 years-old) and elderly (62-72 years-old) humans, in addition to the response to a cognitive Stroop task in terms of BOLD and CBF. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a VO2max test. In the left prefrontal cortex activated by the Stroop task, we measured lower values of CBF (by 19%), sO2 (by 6%) and HbT (by 21%) in the elderly. In the older group, measures of sO2 were correlated with Stroop task cognitive performance and with VO2max, while CBF and HbT were not. These results suggest a protective effect of physical activity on cognitive health in aging, mediated by an improvement in cerebral oxygenation. Finally, the same groups of young and old rats were subjected to a vasodilating stimulus, hypercapnia, for measuring the hemodynamic response with several imaging modalities. The data demonstrated a decrease in the hemodynamic response to hypercapnia in terms of CBF, HbT and HbO (oxygenated hemoglobin) in aged rats, suggesting decreased vascular reactivity
Trad, Dalila. „Interface Cerveau-Machine : application au handicap moteur“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe brain-computer interface (BCI) or brain-machine interface (BMI) is a system of direct communication and control. It relies solely on brain activity of a subject and an electrical or mechanical system without any intervention muscle. In our study, we have contributed to the optimization of certain stages and especially the extraction of features from the electroencephalogram (EEG) and classifying mental tasks in an indirect, asynchronous and independent type of ICM. The ICM is based on the measurement and analysis of EEG signals collected from the scalp of an individual using surface electrode. It is asynchronous because it exploits the voluntary production of brain activity. In fact, this activity that we recorded at the base of the motor cortex changes during motor activity, when the movement takes place or when the subject imagines a movement. From the methodological point of view, we proposed a new technique for feature extraction for EEG signals. This method allowed us to highlight the power in the sensorimotor rhythms when the subject imagines a movement. Then we applied the classification methods based on the feature vectors already built. The aim of this phase is to determine the mental state of the individual during the imagination of a movement. In addition, several measures for quantifying the performance of classifiers were used to validate our proposed method of feature extraction. Using two separate data sets: one based on our own experiences and the other from a database (Benchmark), we showed that our proposed approach for nonlinear feature extraction significantly improved performance classification compared to traditional linear approaches. Finally, we implemented in MATLAB / Simulink a model that implements online all of these methods to decode the subject's mental state
Bernon, Jean-Luc. „Correction des phénomènes physiques en tomoscintigraphie cérébrale et recalage multimodal tridimensionnel“. Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenard, Félix. „Création et utilisation d'atlas en IRM de diffusion : application à l'étude des troubles de la conscience“. Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/RENARD_Felix_2011.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation deals with the creation of an atlas for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). For the first time, diffusion MRI allows to characterize the underlying neuronal structures. The development of medical imaging leads to more and more important data, for more and more persons. This atlas allow to model this new, important quantity of information, taking into account the inter-individual variability existing in a population. The help of diagnostic is more efficient, with the implicit knowledge of a large database of reference images. The dMRI modality delivers complex signals permitting to study the brain at different scales, from the voxel to the whole brain. Due to the complexity of this kind of imaging, it has been necessary to develop some statistical tools, based on the atlas, permitting to quantify pathological phenomena, and to differentiate them from normal phenomena. The aim of this thesis is the creation of probabilistic atlas for a general case, and the application of the dMRI for persons who have consciousness impairment. More precisely, the conception of this atlas consists in one hand to elaborate a probabilistic model of a normal population supposed healthy, and on the other hand to identify significant statistical differences between a person with some consciousness impairment and the probabilistic atlas. The creation of this atlas permits a better understanding of the physio pathological mechanisms of the consciousness impairments
Lebreton, Maël. „Value processing in the human brain : an fMRI investigation“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066390.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlusieurs disciplines ont recours au concept de valeur pour formaliser les comportements humains et animaux. Le travail de cette thèse examine à l’aide de techniques d’imagerie fonctionnelle les représentations cérébrales des valeurs chez l’homme. Ce travail démontre plus particulièrement que l’activité du système préfrontal limbique correspond à une représentation des valeurs, et que ce système interagit avec d’autres systèmes bien connus –neurones miroirs, mémoire épisodique, circuits attentionnels et moteurs-, rendant compte de comportements spécifiques –désir mimétique, patience lors de choix inter-temporels, motivation de l’effort cognitif et moteur par incitation. Nous montrons aussi que des contraintes biologiques liées à l’implémentation des valeurs dans notre cerveau peuvent avoir des conséquences sur notre comportement. Mieux appréhender le traitement biologique des valeurs constitue une étape fondamentale vers la compréhension du pourquoi de nos actions
Akkari, Ibtihage. „Leucomalacie périventriculaire du prématuré : corrélations, imagerie clinique“. Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaghbayan, Hourmazd. „The prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury : a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraumatic brain injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and represents a significant socioeconomic burden in developed nations due to residual post-trauma disability among survivors. Despite high rates of long-term unfavourable outcome, few prognostic indicators currently exist to guide early clinical management and counsel family and friends of patients. Over four decades of observational studies have examined the potential role of early magnetic resonance imaging of the brain to distinguish long-term clinical outcome by examining lesion patterns identifiable soon after trauma. This present work thus aims to determine the prognostic value of early magnetic resonance imaging following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury in adults by employing prognostic systematic review and meta-analysis methodology to identify all published studies assessing the relationship between magnetic resonance lesion patterns and long-term clinical outcome. Our search identified 58 individual studies; following meta-analysis, lesions located in the brainstem were associated with all-cause mortality and unfavourable neurological outcome while shear injury patterns compatible with diffuse axonal injury anywhere in the brain were associated with increased risk of unfavourable neurological outcome. Two scoring systems based on lesion depth were associated with progressively worse neurological outcomes as more caudal cerebral structures were affected, confirming the importance of deep lesions. These findings demonstrate the prognostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging early following traumatic brain injury and indicate the need for high quality, well-controlled, prognostic cohort studies given the elevated risk of bias in the current body of literature.
Mani, Meenakshi. „Quantitative analysis of open curves in brain imaging : applications to white matter fibres and sulci“. Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette thèse se propose d'étudier comment les caractéristiques des courbes ouvertes peuvent être exploitées afin d'analyser quantitativement les sillons corticaux et les faisceaux de matière blanche. Les quatre caractéristiques d'une courbe ouverte--forme, taille, orientation et position--ont des propriétés différentes, si bien que l'approche usuelle est de traiter chacune séparément à l'aide d'une métrique ad hoc. Nous introduisons un cadre riemannien adapté dans lequel il est possible de fusionner les espaces de caractéristiques afin d'analyser conjointement plusieurs caractéristiques. Cette approche permet d'apparier et de comparer des courbes suivant des distances géodésiques. Les correspondances entre courbes sont établies automatiquement en utilisant une métrique élastique. Dans cette thèse, nous validerons les métriques introduites et nous montrerons leurs applications pratiques, entre autres dans le cadre de plusieurs problèmes cliniques importants. Dans un premier temps, nous étudierons spécifiquement les fibres du corps calleux, afin de montrer comment le choix de la métrique influe sur le résultat du clustering. Nous proposons ensuite des outils permettant de calculer des statistiques sommaires sur les courbes, ce qui est un premier pas vers leur analyse statistique. Nous représentons les groupes de faisceaux par la moyenne et la variance de leurs principales caractéristiques, ce qui permet de réduire le volume des données dans l'analyse des faisceaux de matière blanche. Ensuite, nous présentons des méthodes permettant de détecter les changements morphologiques et les atteintes de la matière blanche. Quant aux sillons corticaux, nous nous intéressons au problème de leur labellisation
Panier, Thomas. „Imagerie par nappe laser de l'activité neuronale dans l'ensemble du cerveau d'un poisson-zèbre“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979762.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabelle, Martin. „Spectroscopie et imagerie par résonance magnétique du cerveau accident cérébrovasculaire ischémique et maladie d'Alzheimer /“. [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ73477.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle"NQ-73477." "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de philosophiae doctor (Ph. D.) en sciences biomédicales." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Poupon, Fabrice. „"Parcellisation" systématique du cerveau en volumes d'intérêt : Le cas des structures profondes“. Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMedical imaging allows in vivo visualization of the brain anatomy and functions. Extensive study of cerebral mechanisms often needs to correlate functional information to the underlying anatomy information. Particularly, the study of the brain deep nuclei shows that they are responsible for various diseases (Huntington chorea, Parkinson's disease). Their segmentation from MR images is of great interest for diagnostic or follow-up study in therapeutic trials. In this thesis, we present a new segmentation method dedicated to these nuclei. This method is based on a topological model of the set of nuclei which deformations are constrained by shape distributions. These distributions rely on global shape descriptors corresponding to the 3D moment invariants. In opposition to most frequently used descriptors, they can be updated during deformation at a relatively low cost. The shape distributions are determined from a learning database composed of several MR images of the brain manually labeled by a neuroanatomist. The moment-based distributions are included in a multi-resolution segmentation framework allowing the management of several simultaneously deforming objects. First results are promising and point out the advantage of adding knowledge on the object shape in such a segmentation process
DESENCLOS, CHRISTINE. „Les tumeurs du troisieme ventricule : 24 observations“. Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M237.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeroy, François. „Etude méthodologique et structurale du développement cérébral en IRM : applications aux aires du langage dans une population de nourrissons“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066800.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNewborns not only recognize their mother tongue at birth but are also capable of distinguishing far better than their mothers the totality of sounds of languages spoken on earth. What is the particular organization of the human brain that permits such linguistic abilities? During my Ph. D. , I studied language areas in the brain’s anatomy to better understand the early acquisition of language in life. Anatomy was described and analyzed by using magnetic resonance images (MRI) on infant brains. With the help of Neurospin research teams, I built the following methodological tools: We first proposed a cortical segmentation framework to deal with the weak image contrast during the first months of life. This method is based on several image properties of tissues and requires no atlas. Two initial segmentations, which are set on each side of the cortex, are deformed so as to converge at the gray-white matter interface. Segmentation results were very good for younger infants, i. E. , neonates (Dice coefficient = 0. 89). Then, we defined a maturation index based on the cortical image intensity. As it was expected, the index strongly increased with age in every region of interest (R2=0. 88). Index variations are most likely due to a decrease of water content related to membrane proliferation. In MR images, we manually drew cortical sulci within language areas. We then measured asymmetry and maturation indices along these sulci. Early organization was found in language areas close to the one reported in adults for both indices. A little-known depth asymmetry was found at the superior temporal sulcus. The deepest part of this sulcus onthe right hemisphere might be a lifelong landmark, whereas the shallower left sulcus would be related to a more segmented pattern. Also, we characterized the early forward and upward shift of the posterior end of the right Sylvian fissure. Moreover we confirmed the asymmetrical sizes of both the planum temporale and the Heschl’s gyrus. These asymmetries might be related to a larger connectivity in the left areas as well as to interhemispheric differences in processing auditory stimuli, specifically speech. As for the maturation index, the index value of the Broca’s area was far from being the lowest among language areas, which is at odds with the common opinion that prefrontal regions are immature at birth. We also reported a decrease of the maturation index along a dorso-ventral axis in the temporal lobe, consistent with the hierarchical organization of linguistic processes. Last of all, maturation indices of both Broca’s area and the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus were correlated with another developmental index (fractional anisotropy) in the arcuate fasciculus. This correlation suggests the early development of the linguistic dorsal pathway between Broca’s area and temporo-parietal regions. We discuss in the end the genetic origins and mechanisms of this organization, suggesting that some innate modules might be dedicated to process speech. The results presented in this thesis bring further questions: if the asymmetry of the superior temporal sulcus means a more segmented pattern on the left hemisphere, what are the consequences of such segmentation on the linguistic processes? Furthermore, what role does the dorsal pathway play in language lateralization?
Hiba, Bassem. „Imagerie spectroscopique spirale par résonance magnétique à 7 T : développement et applications sur le cerveau de rat tumoral“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE19004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA magnetic resonance fast spectroscopic imaging (SI) method using spiral encoding technique is implemented and adapted for animal models at high B0 field. Different technical solutions like the use of an "out-and-in" spiral encoding scheme, the autoshim implementation, the calibration of K-space trajectory and a specific image reconstruction approach have been studied and applied. This method is validated in vitro, then in vivo on rat brain at 7 T. A comparison between the developed out-and-in spiral spectroscopic imaging method and the conventional spectroscopic imaging method is achieved to evaluate its interest for applications on small animals. The spiral SI method is used to map lactate and lipids in a rat glioma. The duration of spectroscopic imaging (2D spatial - 2D spectral) acquisition was 64 min, for a theoretical in-plane resolution of 1 ́1 mm, and a slice thickness of 2 mm (voxel size 8. 7 æl taking into account the point-spread function)
VENIN, BERNARD. „Les gliomes de la lame tectale : a propos de 12 observations ; apport des differentes methodes d'imagerie et revue de la litterature“. Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M274.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChapuisat-Lemay, Sarah. „Etude méthodologique de l’imagerie optique diffuse couplée à l’électroencéphalographie“. Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066387.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDonoso, Maël. „Le cerveau stratège : les fondements du raisonnement dans le cortex préfrontal humain“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066535.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to make appropriate decisions in uncertain and open-ended environments, with varying and possibly recurring contingencies, the human brain should learn behavioural rules and arbitrate between these different rules. If brain imaging studies have provided some light on some of these processes, no work has unified these observations into a coherent system, nor proposed a general model of cerebral implementation of human reasoning, with its essential components that are inference and creativity. This work uses a recent computational model that combines reinforcement learning of rules with the Bayesian calculation of the confidence assigned to these rules, and a hypothesis test on the creation of an exploratory rule. To test whether this model is actually implemented in the human brain, an experiment using functional brain imaging is performed, with a design allowing the subjects to learn and arbitrate between multiple rules, in situations where contingencies are often recurrent. The observation of the brain correlates predicted by the model variables allowed us to identify various structures involved in a general brain system of reasoning. These observations are consistent with various studies in scientific literature, and also provide some new results. These results show a unified implementation of reasoning in the human brain, and contribute to validate the computational model
Nicolas, Renaud. „Développement de nouvelles séquences d'IRM de diffusion dédiées à la neuro-imagerie“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is dedicated to a technique, diffusion MRI, which allow to obtain images of micro-structural properties (inferior to the MRI voxel size) of biological media, and to the application of this technique to study brain. Because of its ability to reveal early micro-structural changes (associated with complex energetic metabolism changes), diffusion MRI is become a reference method to detect focal diseases like ischemic stroke. The reader can find in this thesis a complete introduction to the physical phenomenon related to brownian motion in biological media and those related to diffusion NMR and MRI, and an original synthesis of the biological and biophysical determinisms of the changes of apparent diffusion coefficients observed in stroke animal models. To extend the field of the technique from stroke focal phenomenon (studied experimentally in man an rodents) to non focal pathologies, the study of the deviation of diffusion from Gaussian behaviour has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Pratical methodologies allowing the preparation of diffusion images for non-gaussian diffusion imaging, and artefacts corrections are described here. This work has lead to a study of non-gaussian diffusion MRI signal treated as an inverse problem and to applications for Alzheimer's disease detection, characterized by non-focal and microscopic lesions. Finally, we have developed three original approaches for technological developments of MRI sequences (with the associated image treatment necessary to use them). The first is the development of non-gaussian diffusion together with variation of diffusion time applied to imaging at 4. 7 and 7 T. The second concern the development of magnetization transfer and diffusion imaging that give additional information about water probed by MRI. The latter approach is the development of fonctionnal diffusion MRI at 3 T in DTI mode dedicated to apply the biological hypothesis resumed in the first part of this thesis, concerning the particular role of water in brain activation. With a progression for the experimental validations, hypothesis concerning micro-structures of biological media are tested and validated with different approaches (in vivo, ex vivo, in silico), to apply the recent discoveries concerning the physic of diffusion MRI in order to detect focal and non-focal pathologies and to interpret them
Maffeo, Véronique. „Statut et rôle des images médicales du cerveau humain dans l'enseignement secondaire français : approches didactique, épistémologique et socio-historique“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10321.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellevan, de Looij Yohan. „Imagerie spirale du tenseur de diffusion à 7-T : application au cerveau du rat traumatisé“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10288.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis was to implement a robust fast diffusion tensor imagines sequence on a 7-T small bore system. We implemented a Twice Refocused Spin Echo sequence in order to cancel eddy currents problems on our system. Spiral k-space acquisition was preferred to EPI for its insensitivity to motion and flow artifacts, very important in diffusion imaging. We developed software (in Matlab) to reconstruct spiral diffusion weighted and tensor images as weil as maps of tensor derived parameters: anisotropy indices, and color maps. We used a free software (MedfNRfA OTI Track) developed by P. Fillard from INRIA Nice-Sofia Antipolis in order to track white matter fibers in the rat brain. After preliminary calibrations as weil as validations on different phantoms and healthy rat brain, the implemented sequence was applied to traumatic rat brain injury. Ln this model, developed in our laboratory, the traumatism was induced by impact-acceleration method. The aim of this study was to early characterize post-traumatic cerebral edema by the mean of diffusion tensor imaging. Variations of mean diffusivity in the traumatic rat brain provided information about the type of cerebral edema induced by traumatic brain injury. Modifications of anisotropy indices in corpus callosum of traumatic rat brain provided evidence for presence of diffuse axonal injury. Fiber tracking in the corpus callosum of rat brain showed axonal rupture on the center of traumatic rat corpus callosum
Macé, Emilie. „Développement d'une nouvelle modalité d'imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale et étude de l'élasticité du cerveau par ultrasons“. Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we investigate the possible contribution of ultrafast ultrasound imaging in neuroimaging. Ultrafast imaging is a technique using plane wave emissions to acquire ultrasonic images at high frame rate (~ 20 kHz). First, we developed a new brain functional imaging modality called functional ultrasound (fUS) that can image the whole brain at high spatiotemporal resolution (100 μm, 200 ms). For that, we combined ultrafast imaging and synthetic focusing in emission to increase the sensitivity of Doppler imaging by a factor 100 and thus to detect blood flow in cerebral microvessels whose dynamics is linked to local neuronal activity. We validated fUS by mapping in vivo the brain activation induced by various sensory stimuli. Then, we were able to follow by fUS the dynamics of an epileptic seizure, a pathology very challenging for imaging up to now. Finally, we designed a fUS sequence with higher temporal resolution (30 ms) to observe the effect of pulsatility on cerebral blood flow. In a second step, we adapted the "Supersonic Shear Imaging" technique based on ultrafast imaging to map brain elasticity. We then applied it to a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia. We observed for the first time the softening of ischemic tissue and, simultaneously, we followed the stroke impact on brain microvascularization with our new Doppler mode. These new modes are promising not only in neuroscience research but also for their clinical applications in pediatry and neurosurgery
Sabbah, Patrick Maurice. „Imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique au service de l'anatomie fonctionnelle : du sensori-moteur à la cognition“. Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28343.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNajafi, Peyman. „Mécanismes centraux du prurit chronique : imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle et structurelle“. Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite recent advances in studying itch, central mechanisms underlying its perception and any possible disruption to them caused by pathologies are relatively unknown. Herein we have studied central mechanism of itch perception in two pathologies Psoriasis and Urticaria (to a smaller degree), while comparing them to a healthy control group. For this goal 14 psoriasis patients, 15 healthy control and 2 Urticaria subjects were recruited. Itch was mentally induced in subjects during their MRI session by videos showing others scratching themselves; a phenomenon known as contagious itch. fMRI, DTI and anatomical images were acquired during this study. Our results show that parts of the brain network that is tasked with itch perception is more interconnected in psoriatic patients compared to healthy volunteers for equivalent levels of induced itch. In addition, the increase in structural connectivity reflects that the perceptual-motor aspects of scratching and its hyperactivity can induce long-term changes in patients' brain’s white matter microstructure
Dilharreguy, Bixente. „Caractérisation de la résolution temporelle en IRMf : influence de l'échantillonnage temporel et comparaison préliminaire avec l'EEG“. Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fRMI) is an established method for building a map of brain areas involved in a functional network. It has been suggested that fRMI can also provide a means to examine the temporal dynamics of the activation network. However, rxtraction of the timing of the underlying activity is hampered by the data sampling rate and the hemodynamic response function. Simulations showed that the highest sampling rate possible should be used. We implemented an ultra-fast sequence to acquire the brain in half a second. The relation between hemodynamic latencies and neuronal activity was then studied by comparison with EEG. The preliminary results show a sequence of events in fRMI but its relation to neural activity remains to be clarified
Noblet, Vincent Heitz Fabrice Armspach Jean-Paul. „Recalage non rigide d'images cérébrales 3D avec contrainte de conservation de la topologie“. Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/538/01/THESE_NOBLET.PDF.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZaaraoui, Wafaa. „Développements méthodologiques en imagerie et en spectrométrie RMN à haut champ magnétique : du cerveau de la souris à celui de l'homme“. Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21444.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work was designed to implement several NMR methodological developments to study the human and the mouse brain in vivo. In the first study, magnetization transfer imaging and localized MR spectroscopy were set up at 9,4 T. These techniques were used to analyze an animal model of demyelinisation and remyelinisation. The MR results were verified by histological examinations. The magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was found to be a relevant sensitive marker of myelin content changes. A surrogate metabolic marker of these phenomena was not yet identified. The second study was devised to determine the transverse relaxation time T2 of human brain metabolites at 3 T. An optimized two-point method for the least error per given experimental time was proposed. This method was combined to a three-dimensional MR spectroscopic sequence to examine, within 1 hour, 320 voxels at 1 cm3 spatial resolution. T2 of NAA, cretatine and choline were assessed for different brain structures. To our knowledge, these values were obtained for the first time at 3 T with this spatial resolution, coverage and precision. These results are essential for reliable absolute metabolic quantification
Noblet, Vincent. „Recalage non rigide d'images cérébrales 3D avec contrainte de conservation de la topologie“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/NOBLET_Vincent_2006.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation deals with non-rigid registration of 3D inter-patient cerebral images. The deformation model considered is based on a hierarchical parametric representation using B-spline basis functions, the parameters being estimated by minimizing a cost function relying on the intensity difference between images (monomodal case). The main contribution of this work is to warrant the estimated transformation to preserve the integrity of warped structures in the 3D case. This property, called topology preservation, is ensured by imposing the positivity of the jacobian of the transformation on the underlying continuous domain of the image. This constrained optimization problem is solved by resorting to interval analysis techniques. Furthermore, other aspects of the registration problem are considered, namely the choice of the similarity criterion and its symmetrization, the regularization of the deformation field and the intensity normalization between images. An original intensity normalization procedure, based on the estimation of a Gaussian mixture model of the joint histogram, is presented. This method, initially proposed to overcome some problems encountered with monomodal image registration, has been extended to the registration of multimodal MRI images. Finally, a validation framework is devised in order to evaluate the influence of the different parameters of the method and to carry out comparisons with other registration methods (affine registration and the demons algorithm)
Levrier, Olivier. „Aspects en imagerie par resonance magnetique des tumeurs supratentorielles de la ligne mediane chez l'adulte“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20834.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTropres, Irène. „Imagerie RMN de la microvascularisation cérébrale chez le rat : applications“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE19012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRauchs, Géraldine. „Sommeil et consolidation mnésique chez le sujet sain et dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : neuropsychologie cognitive et imagerie cérébrale“. Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1406.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrard, Emmanuel. „La tomographie à émission de positrons à géométrie axiale : de l’imagerie de la souris au cerveau humain“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAE003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePositrons emission tomography is a nuclear imaging technics using nuclear decays. It is used both in clinical and preclinical studies. The later requires the use of small animals such as the mouse. The objective is to obtain the best signal with the best spatial resolution. Yet, a weight ratio between humans and mice indicates the need of a sub-millimeter resolution. A conventional scanner is based on detection modules surrounding the object to image and arranged perpendicularly. This implies a strong relationship between efficiency and spatial resolution. This work focuses on the axial geometry in which detection modules are arranged parallel to the object. This limits the relationship between the figures of merit, leading to both high spatial resolution and efficiency. The simulations of prototypes showed great perspectives in term of sub-millimeter resolution with efficiencies of 15 or 40% according to the scanner’s axial extension. These results indicate great perspectives for both clinical and preclinical imaging
Zerarka, Sabrina. „Etude des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la rétention du 99mTc-HMPAO dans les cellules du système nerveux central“. Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P615.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe 99mHMPAO has been developed as a tracer for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This lipophilic compound has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in the brain parenchyma proportionally to blood flow. However, linearity between retention of 99mHMPAO and cerebral blood flow was not always observed, suggesting that in addition to blood flow, other factors could determine the levels of 99mHMPAO accumulation within a specific region of the brain. Furhermore, the cellular and molecular mechanism of 99mHMPAO retention is still unknown. In order to elucidate this mechanism, we have performed in vitro studies with purified preparations of neurons and astrocytes [. . . ]
Bourgeois, Marc. „Correction des mouvements intra-image en imagerie d'activation cérébrale par résonance magnétique“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10143.
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