Dissertationen zum Thema „Image à haut résolution“
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Janin-Potiron, Pierre. „Correction active des discontinuités pupillaires des télescopes à miroir segmenté pour l’imagerie haut contraste et la haute résolution angulaire“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4078/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSearching for extraterrestrial life through the observation and characterization of exoplanets is, amongst others, one of the major goal of the modern astrophysics. This quest translate from an instrumental point of view to the development of telescope capable of reaching higher angular resolution that what is actually ongoing. That is why the future projects of extremely large telescopes are using primary mirrors exceeding the 30 meters in diameter. Their conception is consequently based, for technical and technological reasons, on a segmented geometry. The segmentation of the primary mirror therefore implies a growing complexity of the structure of its pupil. In order to reach the optical quality required by the sciences cases of interest, taking into account and correct for the effects introduced by a poor alignment of the segments is mandatory, as the angular resolution of a non-cophased telescope is equivalent to the one obtained with a single segment. In this context, I develop in this manuscript two cophasing sensors allowing to measure and correct for the aberrations of piston, tip and tilt present on a segmented pupil. The first one, the Self-Coherent Camera - Phasing Sensor (SCC-PS), is based on a focal plane analysis of the signal. The second one, the ZELDA - Phasing Sensor (ZELDA-PS), is based on a pupil plane analysis of the signal. The results obtained by means of numerical simulations and the first results coming from the implementation of the SCC-PS on an optical bench are presented in this manuscript
Meurer-Grob, Patricia. „Etude structurale des microtubules à haute résolution“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10240.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMugnier, Laurent. „Problèmes inverses en Haute Résolution Angulaire“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654835.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Men Camille. „Segmentation Spatio-temporelle d'une séquence d'images satellitaires à haute résolution“. Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure des telecommunications - ENST, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePETIT, David. „Extraction du « 3D » par interférométrie radar à haute résolution“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009833.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoulain, Vincent. „Fusion d'images optique et radar à haute résolution pour la mise à jour de bases de données cartographiques“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0093/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work takes place in the framework of high resolution remote sensing image analysis. It focuses on the issue of cartographic database creation or updating with optical and SAR images. The goal of this work is to build a generic processing chain to update or create a cartographic database representing roads and buildings in built-up areas. According to available data, various scenarios are foreseen. The proposed processing chain is composed of two steps. First, if a database is available, the presence of each database object is checked in the images. The second step consist of looking for new objects that should be included in the database. To determine if an object should be present in the updated database, relevant features are extracted from images in the neighborhood of the considered object. Those features are based on caracteristics of roads and buildings in SAR and optical images. The object removal/inclusion in the DB is based on a score obtained by the fusion of features in the framework of the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. Results highlight the interest of multi sensor fusion. Moreover the chosen framework allows the easy integration of new features in the processing chain
El, Kassis Carine. „Méthodes à haute résolution pour antennes non uniformes“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447488.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMiron, Sebastian. „Méthodes multilinéaires et hypercomplexes en traitement d'antenne multicomposante haute résolution“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0102.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is devoted 1,0 vector-sensor array processing methods. The signaIs recorded on a vector-sensor array allow the estimation of the direction of arrivaI and polarization for multiple waves impinging on the antenna. We show how the correct use of polarization information improves the performance of algorithms. The novelty of the presented work consists in the use of mathematical models well-adapted 1,0 the intrinsic nature of vectorial signaIs. The first approach is based on a multilinear model of polarization that preserves the intrinsic structure of multicomponent acquisition. Ln this case, the data covariance model is represented by a cross-spectral tensor. We propose two algorithms (Vector-MUSIC and Higher-Order MUSIC) based on orthogonal decompositions of the cross-spectral tensor. We show in simulations that the use of this model and of the multilinear orthogonal decompositions improve the performance of the proposed methods compared to classical techniques based on linear algebra. A second approach uses hypercomplex algebras. Quaternion and biquaternion vectors are used to model the polarized signaIs recorded on two, three or four component sensor arrays. Quaternion-MUSIC and Biquaternion-MUSIC algorithrns, based on the diagonalization of quaternion and biquaternion matrices are introduced. We show that the use of hypercornplex numbers reduces the computational burden and increases the solution power of the methods
Puissant, Anne. „Information géographique et images à très haute résolution : Utilité et applications en milieu urbain“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/PUISSANT_Anne_2003.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the mid 1990s 'INFO-STRATEGY', i. E. The strategic use of Geographic Information, is one of the reliable goals in urban management, planning and sustainable development. Geographic Information requires multisource and multiscale data, updated on a regular basis at appropriate time periods. Earth Observation data-such as aerial photography and satellite image-represent an important source for GI. Recently, the use of Very High Resolution imagery data (VHR - finer than 5m) offers an abundance of numerical information and therefore an important possibility to use GI in decision-making concerning the urban environment. A reflection is thus required in terms of needs rather than supply in order to meet the requirements of localised information on a variety of scales. Moreover, defining the needs of the 'end users' (decision-makers, managers, technicians) corresponds to propose the necessary adjustment to the definition of the capacity of these new sensors. In this context, on the basis of comparisons and surveys of the 'end users' a reference grid defining the needs of GI on a large-scale basis has been established. Some "potential applications" of metric images are highlighted. Tests have been carried out in order to analyse very precisely the benefits of use of these new sensors. An important factor in the increase of spatial resolution is a new vision of the territory that is closer to real-ity. Urban objects are individually recognisable (field of identification) and can be characterised by their components (field of analysis). This superabundance of details disturbs the classical automatic proce-dures of extraction (per pixel classification) and makes complex the attribution of objects to existing nomenclatures. After having tested several traditional algorithms used on HR images, it appears neces-sary to transcribe the rules of identification of urban objects and to integrate them into an 'object-oriented' classification method
Iturbe, Ion. „Tomographie acoustique haute résolution dans un guide d'onde océanique“. Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBisiaux, Pierre. „Etude et conception de CAN haute résolution pour le domaine de l’imagerie“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the conception and design of high resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC) for CMOS image sensor (CIS) applications with the 0.18 μm technology. A CIS is a system able to convert light to digital data to be processed. This system includes a pixel array, ADCs, registers and a set of clocks to acquire and transport the data. At the beginning, a single ADC was used for the whole matrix of pixels, converting the pixel value in a sequential way. With the growing size of the pixel array and the increasing frame rate, the ADC became one of the bottleneck of these system. A solution was found to use column ADC, located at the bottom of each column in order to parallelize the conversions. These column ADC are going to be my point of interest in this thesis.First of all, a state of the art of the ADC for CIS is realized in order to determine the best architecture to use. A two-step incremental sigma-delta is chosen and investigated. A theoretical analysis is done, especially on the modulator in order to determine the order of this modulator and the oversampling ratio of the conversion. Then a schematic is realized, with a special feature on the amplifier. Indeed, an inverter is used as amplifier in order to reduce the size of the ADC. A montecarlo and corner studies are then realized on the ADC, a layout is proposed and the ADC is compared to the state of the art of the ADC for CIS
Cantalloube, Faustine. „Détection et caractérisation d'exoplanètes dans des images à grand contraste par la résolution de problème inverse“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDirect imaging of exoplanets provides valuable information about the light they emit, their interactions with their host star environment and their nature. In order to image such objects, advanced data processing tools adapted to the instrument are needed. In particular, the presence of quasi-static speckles in the images, due to optical aberrations distorting the light from the observed star, prevents planetary signals from being distinguished. In this thesis, I present two innovative image processing methods, both based on an inverse problem approach, enabling the disentanglement of the quasi-static speckles from the planetary signals. My work consisted of improving these two algorithms in order to be able to process on-sky images.The first one, called ANDROMEDA, is an algorithm dedicated to point source detection and characterization via a maximum likelihood approach. ANDROMEDA makes use of the temporal diversity provided by the image field rotation during the observation, to recognize the deterministic signature of a rotating companion over the stellar halo. From application of the original version on real data, I have proposed and qualified improvements in order to deal with the non-stable large scale structures due to the adaptative optics residuals and with the remaining level of correlated noise in the data. Once ANDROMEDA became operational on real data, I analyzed its performance and its sensitivity to the user-parameters proving the robustness of the algorithm. I also conducted a detailed comparison to the other algorithms widely used by the exoplanet imaging community today showing that ANDROMEDA is a competitive method with practical advantages. In particular, it is the only method that allows a fully unsupervised detection. By the numerous tests performed on different data set, ANDROMEDA proved its reliability and efficiency to extract companions in a rapid and systematic way (with only one user parameter to be tuned). From these applications, I identified several perspectives whose implementation could significantly improve the performance of the pipeline.The second algorithm, called MEDUSAE, consists in jointly estimating the aberrations (responsible for the speckle field) and the circumstellar objects by relying on a coronagraphic image formation model. MEDUSAE exploits the spectral diversity provided by multispectral data. In order to In order to refine the inversion strategy and probe the most critical parameters, I applied MEDUSAE on a simulated data set generated with the model used in the inversion. To investigate further the impact of the discrepancy between the image model used and the real images, I applied the method on realistic simulated images. At last, I applied MEDUSAE on real data and from the preliminary results obtained, I identified the important input required by the method and proposed leads that could be followed to make this algorithm operational to process on-sky data
Mees, Wim. „Contribution à l'analyse distribuée de scènes : application aux images satellitaires multi spectrales, haute résolution“. Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10282.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCorpetti, Thomas. „Images & télédétection : analyse de séquences à basse et très haute résolution spatiale“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00616558.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourguignon, Sébastien. „Analyse spectrale à haute résolution de signaux irrégulièrement échantillonnés : application à l'Astrophysique“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116827.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUne première approche envisagée a trait au domaine de l'optimisation et consiste à minimiser un critère de type moindres carrés, pénalisé par une fonction favorisant les solutions parcimonieuses. La pénalisation par la norme l1 est en particulier étudiée en extension à des variables complexes et s'avère satisfaisante en termes de modélisation. Nous proposons des solutions algorithmiques particulièrement performantes permettant d'envisager une analyse à très haute résolution fréquentielle.
Nous étudions ensuite la modélisation probabiliste des amplitudes spectrales sous la forme d'un processus Bernoulli-Gaussien, dont les paramètres sont estimés au sens de la moyenne a posteriori à partir de techniques d'échantillonnage stochastique, permettant d'envisager une estimation totalement non supervisée. L'interprétation probabiliste du résultat ainsi que l'obtention conjointe des variances associées, sont alors d'un intérêt astrophysique majeur, s'interprétant en termes de niveaux de confiance sur les composantes spectrales détectées. Nous proposons dans un premier temps des améliorations de l'algorithme échantillonneur de Gibbs permettant d'accélérer l'exploration de la loi échantillonnée. Ensuite, nous introduisons des variables de décalage fréquentiel à valeur continue, permettant d'augmenter la précision de l'estimation sans trop pénaliser le coût calculatoire associé.
Pour chaque méthode proposée, nous illustrons sur des simulations la qualité de l'estimation ainsi que les performances des algorithmes développés. Leur application à un jeu de données issu d'observations astrophysiques est enfin présentée, mettant en évidence l'apport d'une telle méthodologie par rapport aux méthodes d'analyse spectrale habituellement utilisées.
Houllier, Régis. „Vidéoprojecteur laser haute définition monochrome“. Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5a2c087e-4de3-44ce-98fe-b0007cd5e5bd.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRamadout, Benoit. „Capteurs d’images CMOS à haute résolution à Tranchées Profondes Capacitives“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCMOS image sensors showed in the last few years a dramatic reduction of pixel pitch. However pitch shrinking is increasingly facing crosstalk and reduction of pixel signal, and new architectures are now needed to overcome those limitations. Our pixel with Capacitive Deep Trench Isolation and Vertical Transfer Gate (CDTI+VTG) has been developed in this context. Innovative integration of polysilicon-filled deep trenches allows high-quality pixel isolation, vertically extended photodiode and deep vertical transfer ability. First, specific process steps have been developed. In parallel, a thorough study of pixel MOS transistors has been carried out. We showed that capacitive trenches can be also operated as extra lateral gates, which opens promising applications for a multi-gate transistor compatible with CMOS-bulk technology. Finally, a 3MPixel demonstrator integrating 1.75*1.75 μm² pixels has been realized in a CMOS 120 nm technology. Pixel performances could be measured and exploited. In particular, a low dark current level could be obtained thanks to electrostatic effect of capacitive isolation trenches
Puissant, Anne. „INFORMATION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET IMAGES A TRÈS HAUTE RÉSOLUTION UTILITÉ ET APPLICATIONS EN MILIEU URBAIN“. Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467474.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFallourd, Renaud. „Suivi des glaciers alpins par combinaison d'informations hétérogènes : images SAR Haute Résolution et mesures terrain“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718596.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBirjandi, Payam. „Modélisation et extraction des descripteurs intrinsèques des images satellite à haute résolution : approches fondées sur l'analyse en composantes indépendantes“. Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00677956.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSub-meter resolution satellite images, capture very detailed information, as for example, shape of buildings, roads, etc. The main purpose of the thesis is to propose descriptors for sub-meter resolution satellite images especially for those who contain geometrical or man-made structures. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a good candidate for this purpose, since previous studies demonstrated that the resulted basis vectors contain some small lines and edges, the important elements in the characterization of geometrical structures. As a basic analysis, a study about the effects of scale size and dimensionality of ICA system on indexing of satellite images is presented and the optimum dimensionality and scale size are found. There are two view points for feature extraction based on ICA. The usual idea is to use the ICA coefficients (ICA sources) and the other is to use the ICA basis vectors related to every image. Based on the first point of view, an ordinary ICA source based approach is proposed for feature extraction. This approach is developed and modified through a topographic ICA system to extract middle level features which leads to a significant improvement in results. Based on other point of view, two methods are proposed. One of them uses the bag of words idea which considers the basis vectors as visual words. Second method uses the lines properties inside the basis vectors to extract features. Also, using the lines properties idea, another method is developed which directly detects the line segments in the images. Finally, the capabilities of proposed descriptors are compared through a supervised classification based on support vector machine (SVM)
Birjandi, Payam. „Modélisation et Extraction des Descripteurs Intrinsèques des Images Satellite à Haute Résolution: Approches Fondées sur l'Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00677956.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVoisin, Aurélie. „Classification supervisée d'images d'observation de la Terre à haute résolution par utilisation de méthodes markoviennes“. Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747906.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJibrini, Hassan. „Reconstruction automatique des bâtiments en modèles polyédriques 3-D à partir de données cadastrales vectorisées 2D et d'un couple d'images aériennes à haute résolution“. Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoheili, Majd Maryam. „Classification d'images RSO polarimétriques à haute résolution spatiale sur site urbain“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0927/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this research, our aim is to assess the potential of a one single look high spatial resolution polarimetric radar image for the classification of urban areas. For that purpose, we concentrate on classes corresponding to different kinds of roofs, objects and ground surfaces.At first, we propose a uni-variate statistical analysis of polarimetric and texture attributes, that can be used in a classification algorithm. We perform a statistical analysis of descriptors and show that the Fisher distribution is suitable for most of them. We then propose a modification of the maximum likelihood algorithm based on a Fisher distribution; we train it with all of our attributes. We obtain a significant improvement in our results with the new algorithm, but a limitation appears to recognize some roofs.Then, the shape of rectangular buildings is recognized by morphological operations from the image of radar amplitude. This spatial information is introduced in a Fisher-based classification process as a constraint term and we show that classification results are improved. In particular, it overcomes classification ambiguities between flat roof pixels and tree pixels.In a second step, some well-known algorithms for supervised classification are used. We deal with Maximum Likelihood based on complex Gaussian distribution (uni-variate) and multivariate Complex Gaussian using coherency matrix. Meanwhile, the support vector machine, as a nonparametric method, is used as classification algorithm. Moreover, a feature selection based on Genetic Algorithm using Mutual Information (GA-MI) is adapted to introduce optimal subset to classification method. To illustrate the efficiency of subset selection based on GA-MI, we perform a comparison experiment of optimal subset with different target decompositions based on different scattering mechanisms, including the Pauli, Krogager, Freeman, Yamaguchi, Barnes, Holm, Huynen and the Cloude decompositions. Our experiments are based on an image of a suburban area, acquired by the airborne RAMSES SAR sensor of ONERA, in 2006, with a spatial spacing of 35 cm. The results highlight the potential of such data to discriminate some urban land cover types
Ursani, Ahsan Ahmad. „Fusion multiniveau pour la classification d'images de télédétection à très haute résolution spatiale“. Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922645.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSublime, Jérémie. „Contributions au clustering collaboratif et à ses potentielles applications en imagerie à très haute résolution“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents several algorithms developed in the context of the ANR COCLICO project and contains two main axis: The first axis is concerned with introducing Markov Random Fields (MRF) based models to provide a semantic rich and suited algorithm applicable to images that are already segmented. This method is based on the Iterated Conditional Modes Algorithm (ICM algorithm) and can be applied to the segments of very high resolution (VHR) satellite pictures. Our proposed method can cope with highly irregular neighborhood dependencies and provides some low level semantic information on the clusters and their relationship within the image. The second axis deals with collaborative clustering methods developed with the goal of being applicable to as many clustering algorithms as possible, including the algorithms used in the first axis of this work. A key feature of the methods proposed in this thesis is that they can deal with either of the following two cases: 1) several clustering algorithms working together on the same data represented in different feature spaces, 2) several clustering algorithms looking for similar clusters in different data sets having similar distributions. Clustering algorithms to which these methods are applicable include the ICM algorithm, the K-Means algorithm, density based algorithms such as DB-scan, all Expectation-Maximization (EM) based algorithms such as the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) algorithms. Unlike previously introduced methods, our models have no restrictions in term of types of algorithms that can collaborate together, do not require that all methods be looking for the same number of clusters, and are provided with solid mathematical foundations
Harant, Olivier. „Méthodes statistiques en télédétection RSO polarimétrique haute résolution pour la modélisation et le suivi temporel des glaciers“. Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863648.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouault-Pic, Sandrine. „Reconstruction en tomographie locale : introduction d'information à priori basse résolution“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTison, Céline. „Interférométrie RSO à haute résolution en milieu urbain : application au calcul de MNS urbain“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBombrun, Lionel. „Développement d'outils et de méthodes de télédétection spatiale optique et radar nécessaires à la haute résolution spatiale“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369350.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'interférométrie radar à synthèse d'ouverture renseigne sur la topographie de la zone étudiée ou sur ses déformations. Nous mettons en place des traitements interférométriques pour obtenir un champ de déplacement au sol.
La polarimétrie radar étudie les interactions de l'onde électromagnétique avec le milieu étudié et nous informe sur les propriétés physiques des rétrodiffuseurs. Nous examinons en détail les deux modèles de paramétrisation des vecteurs de rétrodiffusion : le modèle alpha/beta et le modèle TSVM. Nous proposons ensuite d'utiliser la distribution de Fisher pour modéliser la texture dans les images polarimétriques. En utilisant le modèle multiplicatif scalaire, nous dérivons l'expression littérale de la distribution de la matrice de cohérence et nous proposons d'implémenter cette nouvelle distribution dans un algorithme de segmentation hiérarchique.
Les différentes méthodes proposées durant cette thèse ont été appliquées sur des données interférométriques en bande C sur les glaciers et sur des données polarimétriques en bande L dans le milieu urbain.
Blaquière, Ewa. „Descriptions des agrosystèmes hétérogènes à l'aide de mesures satellitaires à très haute résolution spatiale“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of the thesis was to study the influence of spatial resolution of satellite images on the cartography (semi-automatic identification of land cover) of the agricultural areas. In order to complete the study, four areas were tested: two areas in France, one area in Poland and one area in Germany. Those areas were selected to test different types of images for different landscapes characterised by size and form of cultivated parcels. The treatments of the experiment (including classification) was executed on a range of spatial resolutions from 1 to 40 m and all areas with the goal to proving the existence or non-existence of the relationship between the spatial resolution, the size and form of the parcels and the types of the land cover. The final stage is a proposition of improvement of the classification accuracy by the use of spatial resolutions adapted to given landscapes
Souchay, Henri. „Microscopie électronique à transmission en haute résolution numérique et quantitative : développement d'un outil interactif d'acquisition, simulation et analyse d'images“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0625.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSportouche, Hélène. „Extraction et reconstruction des bâtiments en milieu urbain à partir d'images satellitaires optiques et radar à haute résolution“. Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00564891.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThese works take place in the framework of building extraction and 3D building reconstruction in urban and semi-urban areas, from high-resolution optical and SAR satellite images. The main objective is to develop a complete semi-automatic processing chain, able to provide a simple and reliable reconstruction of parallelepipedic buildings on the scene, from a specific configuration of the input data, composed of an optical image and a SAR image, and from a digital terrain model. This restricted configuration, particularly delicate to deal with but likely to happen in operational conditions, has been until now studied only in a few works. Proposing a specific approach to manage such a scenario seems thus very interesting for a lot of applications in remote sensing. We aim to fully benefit from the data fusion context, by exploiting, in an appropriate way, the optical-SAR complementarities for the reconstruction of the scene, through the combination of planimetric and altimetric information. The proposed chain is decomposed into four steps: potential building detection in optical monoscopy; projection and registration of the potential optical footprints into SAR data; height estimation and building validation on the SAR image; qualification of the reconstructed buildings. The whole chain is applied on studied scenes issued from a couple of Quickbird and TerraSAR-X real data. The obtained results are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. A globally satisfying reconstruction of the buildings is achieved
Sportouche, Hélène. „Extraction et reconstruction des bâtiments en milieu urbain à partir d'images satellitaires optiques et radar à haute résolution“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564891.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBombrun, Lionel. „Développement d'outils et de méthodes de télédétection spatiale optique et radar nécessaires à la haute résolution spatiale“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Ph. D. Thesis research work is dedicated to the development of polarimetric and interferometric remote sensing methods. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry estimates the topography of the observed scene or his deformations. Interferometric processings are implemented to derive displacement field. SAR Polarimetry study the interactions between the electromagnetic wave and the scene to characterize the scatterers. Two parametrization model of the target scattering vector are analyzed : the alpha/beta model and the TSVM. Next, we propose to model the texture parameter by a Fisher distribution. Under the scalar product model assumption, we mathematically establish the covariance matrix distribution and we propose to implement this new distribution in a hierarchical segmentation algorithm. All the proposed methods are applied on C-band interferometric SAR data over glaciers and on L-band polarimetric SAR data over urban areas
Chimi, Chiadjeu Olivier. „Caractérisation probabiliste et synthèse de surfaces agricoles par objets structurants à partir d'images haute résolution“. Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795582.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuchêne, Gaspard. „Les systèmes binaires jeunes et leur environnement proche : observations à haute résolution angulaire“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBadeau, Roland. „Analyse spectrale à haute résolution et décompositions non-négatives appliquées au traitement des signaux de musique“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945245.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePham, Chi-Hieu. „Apprentisage profond pour la super-résolution et la segmentation d'images médicales“. Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0124/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, our motivation is dedicated to studying the behaviors of different image representations and developing a method for super-resolution, cross-modal synthesis and segmentation of medical imaging. Super-Resolution aims to enhance the image resolution using single or multiple data acquisitions. In this work, we focus on single image super-resolution (SR) that estimates the high-resolution (HR) image from one corresponding low-resolution (LR) image. Increasing image resolution through SR is a key to more accurate understanding of the anatomy. The applications of super-resolution have been shown that applying super-resolution techniques leads to more accurate segmentation maps. Sometimes, certain tissue contrasts may not be acquired during the imaging session because of time-consuming, expensive costor lacking of devices. One possible solution is to use medical image cross-modal synthesis methods to generate the missing subject-specific scans in the desired target domain from the given source image domain. The objective of synthetic images is to improve other automatic medical image processing steps such as segmentation, super-resolution or registration. In this thesis, convolutional neural networks are applied to super-resolution and cross-modal synthesis in the context of supervised learning. In addition, an attempt to apply generative adversarial networks for unpaired cross-modal synthesis brain MRI is described. Results demonstrate the potential of deep learning methods with respect to practical medical applications
Elbergui, Ayda. „Amélioration des techniques de reconnaissance automatique de mines marines par analyse de l'écho à partir d'images sonar haute résolution“. Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderwater target classification is mainly based on the analysis of the acoustic shadows. The new generation of imaging sonar provides a more accurate description of the acoustic wave scattered by the targets. Therefore, combining the analysis of shadows and echoes is a promising way to improve automated target classification. Some reliable schemes for automated target classification rely on model based learning instead of only using experimental samples of target acoustic response to train the classifier. With this approach, a good performance level in classification can be obtained if the modeling of the target acoustic response is accurate enough. The implementation of the classification method first consists in precisely modeling the acoustic response of the targets. The result of the modeling process is a simulator called SIS (Sonar Image Simulator). As imaging sonars operate at high or very high frequency the core of the model is based on acoustical ray-tracing. Several phenomena have been considered to increase the realism of the acoustic response (multi-path propagation, interaction with the surrounding seabed, edge diffraction, etc.). The first step of the classifier consists of a model-based approach. The classification method uses the highlight information of the acoustic signature of the target called « A-scan ». This method consists in comparing the A-scan of the detected target with a set of simulated A-scans generated by SIS in the same operational conditions. To train the classifier, a Template base (A-scans) is created by modeling manmade objects of simple and complex shapes (Mine Like Objects or not). It is based on matched filtering in order to allow more flexible result by introducing a degree of match related to the maximum of correlation coefficient. With this approach the training set can be extended increasingly to improve classification when classes are strongly correlated. If the difference between the correlation coefficients of the most likely classes is not sufficient the result is considered ambiguous. A second stage is proposed in order to discriminate these classes by adding new features and/or extending the initial training data set by including more A-scans in new configurations derived from the ambiguous ones. This classification process is mainly assessed on simulated side scan sonar data but also on a limited data set of real data. The use of A-scans have achieved good classification performances in a mono-view configuration and can improve the result of classification for some remaining confusions using methods only based on shadow analysis
Chesnel, Anne-Lise. „Quantification de dégâts sur le bâti liés aux catastrophes majeures par images satellite multimodales très haute résolution“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004211.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Bastard Cédric. „Apport de techniques de traitement du signal super et haute résolution à l'amélioration des performances du radar-chaussée“. Phd thesis, UNIVERSITE DE NANTES, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMassip, Pierre. „Fusion de données : prise en compte des caractéristiques liées à l'imageur lors de la synthèse d'images multispectrales à haute résolution spatiale“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564814.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMatteo, Lionel. „De l’image optique "multi-stéréo" à la topographie très haute résolution et la cartographie automatique des failles par apprentissage profond“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeismogenic faults are the source of earthquakes. The study of their properties thus provides information on some of the properties of the large earthquakes they might produce. Faults are 3D features, forming complex networks generally including one master fault and myriads of secondary faults and fractures that intensely dissect the master fault embedding rocks. I aim in my thesis to develop approaches to help studying this intense secondary faulting/fracturing. To identify, map and measure the faults and fractures within dense fault networks, I have handled two challenges:1) Faults generally form steep topographic escarpments at the ground surface that enclose narrow, deep corridors or canyons, where topography, and hence fault traces, are difficult to measure using the available standard methods (such as stereo and tri-stereo of optical satellite images). To address this challenge, I have thus used multi-stéréo acquisitions with different configuration such as different roll and pitch angles, different date of acquisitions and different mode of acquisitions (mono and tri-stéréo). Our dataset amounting 37 Pléiades images in three different tectonic sites within Western USA (Valley of Fire, Nevada; Granite Dells, Arizona; Bishop Tuff, California) allow us to test different configuration of acquisitions to calculate the topography with three different approaches. Using the free open-source software Micmac (IGN ; Rupnik et al., 2017), I have calculated the topography in the form of Digital Surface Models (DSM): (i) with the combination of 2 to 17 Pleiades images, (ii) stacking and merging DSM built from individual stéréo or tri-stéréo acquisitions avoiding the use of multi-dates combinations, (iii) stacking and merging point clouds built from tri-stereo acquisitions following the multiview pipeline developped by Rupnik et al., 2018. We used the recent multiview stereo pipeling CARS (CNES/CMLA) developped by Michel et al., 2020 as a last approach (iv), combnining tri-stereo acquisitions. From the four different approaches, I have thus calculated more than 200 DSM and my results suggest that combining two tri-stéréo acquisitions or one stéréo and one tri-stéréo acquisitions with opposite roll angles leads to the most accurate DSM (with the most complete and precise topography surface).2) Commonly, faults are mapped manually in the field or from optical images and topographic data through the recognition of the specific curvilinear traces they form at the ground surface. However, manual mapping is time-consuming, which limits our capacity to produce complete representations and measurements of the fault networks. To overcome this problem, we have adopted a machine learning approach, namely a U-Net Convolutional Neural Network, to automate the identification and mapping of fractures and faults in optical images and topographic data. Intentionally, we trained the CNN with a moderate amount of manually created fracture and fault maps of low resolution and basic quality, extracted from one type of optical images (standard camera photographs of the ground surface). Based on the results of a number of performance tests, we select the best performing model, MRef, and demonstrate its capacity to predict fractures and faults accurately in image data of various types and resolutions (ground photographs, drone and satellite images and topographic data). The MRef predictions thus enable the statistical analysis of the fault networks. MRef exhibits good generalization capacities, making it a viable tool for fast and accurate extraction of fracture and fault networks from image and topographic data
Sibarita, Jean-Baptiste. „Formation et restauration d'images en microscopie à rayons : application à l'observation d'échantillons biologiques“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345364.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRougier, Simon. „Apport des images satellites à très haute résolution spatiale couplées à des données géographiques multi-sources pour l’analyse des espaces urbains“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClimate change presents cities with significant environmental challenges. Urban planners need decision-making tools and a better knowledge of their territory. One objective is to better understand the link between the grey and the green infrastructures in order to analyse and represent them. The second objective is to propose a methodology to map the urban structure at urban fabric scale taking into account the grey and green infrastructures. In current databases, vegetation is not mapped in an exhaustive way. Therefore the first step is to extract tree and grass vegetation using Pléiades satellite images using an object-based image analysis and an active learning classification. Based on those classifications and multi-sources data, an approach based on knowledge discovery in databases is proposed. It is focused on set of indicators mostly coming from urbanism and landscape ecology. The methodology is built on Strasbourg and applied on Rennes to validate and check its reproducibility
Crăciun, Paula. „Géométrie stochastique pour la détection et le suivi d'objets multiples dans des séquences d'images haute résolution de télédétection“. Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we combine the methods from probability theory and stochastic geometry to put forward new solutions to the multiple object detection and tracking problem in high resolution remotely sensed image sequences. We create a framework based on spatio-temporal marked point process models to jointly detect and track multiple objects in image sequences. We propose the use of simple parametric shapes to describe the appearance of these objects. We build new, dedicated energy based models consisting of several terms that take into account both the image evidence and physical constraints such as object dynamics, track persistence and mutual exclusion. We construct a suitable optimization scheme that allows us to find strong local minima of the proposed highly non-convex energy. As the simulation of such models comes with a high computational cost, we turn our attention to the recent filter implementations for multiple object tracking, which are known to be less computationally expensive. We propose a hybrid sampler by combining the Kalman filter with the standard Reversible Jump MCMC. High performance computing techniques are also used to increase the computational efficiency of our method. We provide an in-depth analysis of the proposed framework based on standard multiple object tracking metrics and computational efficiency
Badeau, Roland. „Méthodes à haute résolution pour l'estimation et le suivi de sinusoïdes modulées : Application aux signaux de musique“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRougier, Simon. „Apport des images satellites à très haute résolution spatiale couplées à des données géographiques multi-sources pour l’analyse des espaces urbains“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClimate change presents cities with significant environmental challenges. Urban planners need decision-making tools and a better knowledge of their territory. One objective is to better understand the link between the grey and the green infrastructures in order to analyse and represent them. The second objective is to propose a methodology to map the urban structure at urban fabric scale taking into account the grey and green infrastructures. In current databases, vegetation is not mapped in an exhaustive way. Therefore the first step is to extract tree and grass vegetation using Pléiades satellite images using an object-based image analysis and an active learning classification. Based on those classifications and multi-sources data, an approach based on knowledge discovery in databases is proposed. It is focused on set of indicators mostly coming from urbanism and landscape ecology. The methodology is built on Strasbourg and applied on Rennes to validate and check its reproducibility
Bihan-Poudec, Yann. „IRM de diffusion cérébrale à haute résolution : développements des méthodes de reconstruction et de post-traitement“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1299.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiffusion imaging (dMRI) is a unique method for studying brain microstructure and brain connectivity in a non-invasive way. However, the low resolution and quality of this imaging restricts its use in some applications. The aim of this thesis is to develop very high resolution cerebral MRI on an anesthetized macaque model on a 3T scanner using a segmented 3D echo-planar 3D imaging sequence (3D-msEPI). After a stage of development of the reconstruction and post-processing of the data, we made diffusion images on the macaque brain at an isotropic spatial resolution of 0.5mm. This resolution allowed us to delineate and characterize fine structures such as hippocampal sublayers or superficial white matter, which are undetectable with classical sequences. However, this method is vulnerable to the elastic movements of the brain tissue induced by the cardiovascular pulsations. A strategy of synchronization of the acquisition on this one allowed us to characterize their effects on the very high resolution MRI in the anesthetized monkey. These effects are characterized by ghosting artifacts and signal losses that corrupt images, tensor, and tractography in specific areas of the brain. The synchronization allowed us to realize macaque brain diffusion imaging at spatial resolutions and very high diffusion weights never reached before. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of our method for neuroscientific and medical applications in humans