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Dai, Pei Bang, Xiao Min Mo, Yue Qun Lu, Li Li Fan, Wei Chun Luo und Xiao Yan Hu. „Study of Surface-Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant Composite Powder via Surfactant/Polyacrylate Latex and its TG Curve“. Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.178.
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3-hydroxy-2, 2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propyl dihydrogen phosphate(HBPDP) was synthesized, intumescent flame retardant composite powder (IFRC) was prepared by compounding ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and HBPDP with TX-10 surfactant/polyacrylate latex. The HBPDP was characterized with FTIR and1HNMR. The IFRC was measured with thermogravimetric analysis. The data showed that the IFRC can meet the need of the processing temperature of most of thermoplastic.
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Fisher, David. „Regulating the Helping Hand: Improving Legal Preparedness for Cross-Border Disaster Medicine“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, Nr. 3 (Juni 2010): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008037.
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AbstractMedical care is a highly regulated field in nearly every country. Therefore, it is not surprising that legal issues regularly arise in cross-border disaster operations that have with the potential to profoundly impact the effectiveness of international assistance. Little attention has been paid to preparing for and addressing these kinds of issues. This paper will report on research by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on International Disaster Response Law, and discuss new developments in the international legal framework for addressing these issues.For seven years, the IFRC has studied legal issues in cross-border disaster assistance. Its activities have included several dozen case studies, a global survey of governments and humanitarian stakeholders, and a series of meetings and high-level conferences.The IFRC has found a consistent set of regulatory problems in major disaster relief operations related to the entry and regulation of international relief. These include some issues specific to the health field, such as the regulation of drug donations and the recognition of foreign medical qualifications. To address the gaps in domestic and international regulatory structures, the IFRC spearheaded the development of new international guidelines.The legal risks for international health providers in disaster settings are real and should be better integrated into program planning. Governments must become more proactive in ensuring that legal frameworks are flexible enough to mitigate these problems.
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Claxton, Nancy. „IFRC Humanitarian Health Competency Matrix“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, S1 (April 2017): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17002710.
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Kwang Yin, Jessica Jong, Ming Chian Yew, Ming Kun Yew und Lip Huat Saw. „Preparation of Intumescent Fire Protective Coating for Fire Rated Timber Door“. Coatings 9, Nr. 11 (06.11.2019): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110738.
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Intumescent flame-retardant coating (IFRC) provides a protective barrier to heat and mass transfer for the most efficient utilization of a wide variety of passive fire protection systems at the recent development. This article highlights the fire-resistance, physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the IFRC using a Bunsen burner, furnace, Scanning Electron Microscope, freeze-thaw stability test, Instron Micro Tester, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test. The five IFRC formulations were mixed with vermiculite and perlite for the fabrication of fire-resistant timber door prototypes in this research project. Additionally, the best fire-resistance performance of the fire-rated door prototype was selected and compared with a commercial prototype under the fire endurance test. An inventive fire-rated door prototype (P2), with a low density of 636.45 kg/m3, showed an outstanding fire-resistance rating performance, resulting in temperature reduction by up to 54.9 °C, as compared with that of the commercial prototype. Significantly, a novel fire-rated timber door prototype with the addition of formulating intumescent coating has proven to be efficient in preventing fires and maintaining its integrity by surviving a fire resistance period of 2 h.
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Saaristo, P., und T. Aloudat. „(A187) Red Cross Volunteers' Roles in Epidemic Control: Community-Level Interventions during Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe and Haiti“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (Mai 2011): s53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100183x.
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Managing epidemics, or preferably, preventing them, is a priority for the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC). The IFRC response to the cholera outbreaks in Zimbabwe in 2009 and in Haiti in 2010 both included: the Emergency Response Unit system as the backbone, and the International Red Cross Movement helped the National Red Cross Society fulfill its humanitarian mandate during the emergency. Water and Sanitation units and Basic Health Care Units cooperated seamlessly to ensure consistency and effectiveness in the activities. A large part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement response is performed by community-based volunteers. During both outbreaks, the Red Cross put special focus on community-level interventions. In both countries, the National Red Cross Society, supported by the International Federation of the Red Cross, trained volunteer groups using a local adaptation and translation of the IFRC training package for emergency health and epidemic control. Research has shown that community volunteers frequently lack the background information necessary for a quick and efficient response to epidemics, especially when they are located in areas that do not benefit from the support and guidance of health professionals. This is particularly true in developing countries that often lack sufficient healthcare facilities and staff. To help fill those gaps, the IFRC launched a training package — Epidemic Control for Volunteers — more effectively involving volunteers in the epidemic management. It provides volunteers with a basic understanding of the diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. This training package is intended for volunteers and trainers in local branches of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. It teaches them how they can help limit the number of victims, act quickly and effectively, and define their role in the community before, during, and after an epidemic.
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Moretti, Sebastien, und Tiziana Bonzon. „Some reflections on the IFRC's approach to migration and displacement“. International Review of the Red Cross 99, Nr. 904 (April 2017): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000255.
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AbstractThis article provides an overview of the development of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies’ (IFRC) approach to migration and displacement. The focus of the IFRC and its member National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies) in this regard has traditionally been on refugees and other so-called “displaced persons” – that is, people who have been compelled to flee their place or country of origin and for this reason are deemed to be particularly vulnerable. However, this focus has been extended recently, in the course of the past decade, to cover all people who find themselves in a vulnerable situation in the context of migration. The IFRC Migration Policy, which was adopted in 2009, has offered much-needed guidance to National Societies in dealing with all migrants, including irregular migrants. However, it is argued that there is a need today – taking into consideration the increasing number of displaced people worldwide and the numerous contexts in which National Societies are dealing with refugees, internally displaced persons or cross-border disaster-displaced persons – to better understand the programmatic aspects that are specific to displacement compared with migration. This is a necessary condition in view of the development of more adequate and effective responses to the vulnerabilities and needs of migrants and displaced persons.
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Saaristo, P., und T. Aloudat. „(A4) Emergency Health Interventions in Earthquakes: Red Cross Experience from Haiti and Chile, 2010“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (Mai 2011): s2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000215.
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On 12 January 2010, the fate of Haiti and its people shifted with the ground beneath them as the strongest earthquake in 200 years, and a series of powerful aftershocks demolished the capital and multiple areas throughout the southern coast in thirty seconds, leaving some 220,000 people dead, and 300,000 persons injured. On 27 February 2010, at 03:35 hours local time, an earthquake of magnitude 8.8 struck Chile. As a consequence, the tsunami generated affected a coastal strip of more than 500 kilometers. Approximately 1.5 million people were affected and thousands lost their homes and livelihoods. The emergency health response of the International Red Cross Movement to both disasters was immediate, powerful and dynamic. The IFRC deployed seven emergency response units (ERU) to Haiti: one 150-bed referral hospital, one Rapid Deployment Emergency Hospital, and five basic health care units. One surgical hospital and two Basic Health Care Units were deployed to Chile. The ERU system of the IFRC is a flexible and dynamic tool for emergency health response in shifting and challenging environments. Evaluations show that the system performs well during urban and rural disasters. Despite a very different baseline in the two contexts, the ERU system of IFRC can adapt to the local needs. As panorama of pathology in the aftermath of an earthquake changes, the ERU system adapts and continues supporting the local health care system in its recovery.
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Green, Stefan J., Om Prakash, Thomas M. Gihring, Denise M. Akob, Puja Jasrotia, Philip M. Jardine, David B. Watson, Steven D. Brown, Anthony V. Palumbo und Joel E. Kostka. „Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated from Terrestrial Subsurface Sediments Exposed to Mixed-Waste Contamination“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, Nr. 10 (19.03.2010): 3244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03069-09.
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ABSTRACTIn terrestrial subsurface environments where nitrate is a critical groundwater contaminant, few cultivated representatives are available to verify the metabolism of organisms that catalyze denitrification. In this study, five species of denitrifying bacteria from three phyla were isolated from subsurface sediments exposed to metal radionuclide and nitrate contamination as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge (OR-IFRC). Isolates belonged to the generaAfipiaandHyphomicrobium(Alphaproteobacteria),Rhodanobacter(Gammaproteobacteria),Intrasporangium(Actinobacteria), andBacillus(Firmicutes). Isolates from the phylumProteobacteriawere complete denitrifiers, whereas the Gram-positive isolates reduced nitrate to nitrous oxide. rRNA gene analyses coupled with physiological and genomic analyses suggest that bacteria from the genusRhodanobacterare a diverse population of denitrifiers that are circumneutral to moderately acidophilic, with a high relative abundance in areas of the acidic source zone at the OR-IFRC site. Based on genome analysis,Rhodanobacterspecies contain two nitrite reductase genes and have not been detected in functional-gene surveys of denitrifying bacteria at the OR-IFRC site. Nitrite and nitrous oxide reductase gene sequences were recovered from the isolates and from the terrestrial subsurface by designing primer sets mined from genomic and metagenomic data and from draft genomes of two of the isolates. We demonstrate that a combination of cultivation and genomic and metagenomic data is essential to thein situcharacterization of denitrifiers and that current PCR-based approaches are not suitable for deep coverage of denitrifiers. Our results indicate that the diversity of denitrifiers is significantly underestimated in the terrestrial subsurface.
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Aziz, Hammad, Faiz Ahmad und Muhammad Zia-ul-Mustafa. „Effect of Titanium Oxide on Fire Performance of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating“. Advanced Materials Research 935 (Mai 2014): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.224.
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The objective of this research work was to study the thermal efficiency of intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) designed to protect structural steel in event of fire. IFRC has been effectively developed by using ammonium polyphosphate (APP), expandable graphite (EG), melamine (MEL), boric acid (BA), titanium oxide (TiO2), and bisphenol A BE-188 with polyamide amine H-2310 as curing agent. Six formulations were developed using different weight percentage (wt. %) of TiO2 and samples were tested for char expansion in furnace at 500°C for 2 h. Bunsen burner test was used to investigate the thermal performance of coating and its performance was compared by using thermal margin value. FESEM was used for char morphology. Char composition was analyzed by XRD and FTIR. Results showed that the coating with 4 wt. % of TiO2 provides better thermal insulation to the steel substrate.
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Oyelere, Peter B., und Nirosh T. Kuruppu. „Corporate characteristics of listed companies engaging in web-based financial reporting in emerging economies“. Corporate Ownership and Control 13, Nr. 4 (2016): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i4p7.
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We investigate the key corporate characteristics of using the web for voluntary disclosure of financial information in an emerging economy by companies listed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The 132 companies listed on two stock exchanges were investigated to ascertain whether they engage in web-based financial reporting (IFR) or not. Eighty-eight of the companies (about 67%) were found to use their websites for IFR. Similar to prior studies in this area, logistic multiple regression was used to isolate the key corporate characteristics of IFR companies (IFRC) from non-IFR companies (N-IFRC). Results indicate firm size and leverage to be the key determinants of voluntary IFR adoption. Surprisingly, other traditional firm characteristics, such as profitability, industry and liquidity do not explain IFR practices. Policy implications of these findings, as well as the limitations of the study, which provide potential areas for future research, are also discussed.
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Hu, Jian, Ming Gang Huang und Zheng Yong Wu. „Use of Software to Facilitate Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings for Structural Steelworks’s Formulation“. Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (Dezember 2011): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.422.
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This paper presents a uniform design methodology for computer assisted experimental design for intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) formulations, exemplifies the benefits of using experimental design together with software to facilitate the formulation of an IFRC for structural steelworks. By applying a multivariate design for the screening experiments, many intumescent fire retardants were evaluated in comparatively few experiments. In this work, prior information has been used in the form of a model, based on historical experiments. A uniform design criterion is used to design a few additional experiments so that the resulting model can have an acceptable prediction power. A confirmatory experiment step is shown that a design which uses the uniform design methodology taking advantage of the experimental data collected from the DOE that using fewer trials gives a model with equivalent prediction capability. This can be critical where experiments are expensive to perform.
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Buddas, Henrietta. „A bottleneck analysis in the IFRC supply chain“. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 4, Nr. 2 (07.10.2014): 222–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-10-2013-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of bottlenecks occurring when preparing for humanitarian operations in the humanitarian supply chain. The focus in this paper is set on the activities of aid supply procurement and aid consolidation into standardised deliveries of humanitarian aid. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows a qualitative case study and builds a theoretical bottleneck analysis framework, using, e.g. the theory of constraints as an important building block. The case study as such involves the IFRC supply chain. Findings – The findings in the empirical study show that there is a need for long-term planning (practical and strategic planning) of the supply procurement, as well as organisational commitment in order to remove bottlenecks in a humanitarian operation. Research limitations/implications – The research framework built for the case study is applicable in similar future analyses of humanitarian supply chain operations and projects, as well as modifiable to other types of project or operation analyses. Practical implications – This paper gives a wide perspective insight into constraining bottleneck areas as well as areas of improvement in disaster preparedness. Additionally the paper provides an applicable tool for humanitarian practitioners to use for analysing process bottlenecks, to decide on corrective actions. Originality/value – The paper constructs a bottleneck analysis framework, which can be utilised beyond the humanitarian setting. Bottleneck analyses have not previously been conducted within the humanitarian context.
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Lomnitz, Cinna. „IFRC: World Disasters Report 2014: focus on Culture and Risk“. Natural Hazards 77, Nr. 2 (24.03.2015): 1393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1655-4.
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Trisna Mulyati, Prima Denny Sentia, Anis Maulana und Friesca Erwan. „FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF HIGH DUMP TRUCK OPERATORS IN INDONESIA’S COAL MINING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY“. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, Special1 (01.08.2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.special1/art.666.
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A coal mining industry typically applies a 24-hours working time, which enforces some workers to stay conscious during night shift, opposing human body's biological clock. This study aims to analyse the level of fatigue experienced by high dump truck operators (HD operators) in a coal mining site in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study utilizes primary data which obtained from distributing Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) survey to all HD operators and secondary data (for Fatigue Likelihood Scoring - FLS) which consists of HD operators’ working schedule that currently applied in the company. Results obtained is analyzed using Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) framework which combines FLS classification and Dawson-McCulloch’s model of fatigue risk trajectory. This study reveals that based on IFRC survey, HD operators experienced low/mild fatigue due to insignificant influence of fatigue-related factors contained in the survey. However, consideration for improvement is in need since the result of fatigue for night shift operators is close to moderate level. In addition, based on FLS, the level of fatigue indicates that HD operators experienced excessive working hours, in which in FRMS graph classified as fatigue-related errors. Thus, this study proposes several strategies as the hazard control mechanism: (1) providing optimum resting time, (2) equipping operators with audio music that lead to positive energy and increasing work focus, and (3) adding afternoon shift to balance the working hours.
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Tall, Arame, Simon J. Mason, Maarten van Aalst, Pablo Suarez, Youcef Ait-Chellouche, Adama A. Diallo und Lisette Braman. „Using Seasonal Climate Forecasts to Guide Disaster Management: The Red Cross Experience during the 2008 West Africa Floods“. International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/986016.
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In 2008, the seasonal forecast issued at the Seasonal Climate Outlook Forum for West Africa (PRESAO) announced a high risk of above-normal rainfall for the July–September rainy season. With probabilities for above-normal rainfall of 0.45, this forecast indicated noteworthy increases in the risk of heavy rainfall. When this information reached the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) West and Central Africa Office, it led to significant changes in the organization’s flood response operations. The IFRC regional office requested funds in advance of anticipated floods, prepositioned disaster relief items in strategic locations across West Africa to benefit up to 9,500 families, updated its flood contingency plans, and alerted vulnerable communities and decision-makers across the region. This forecast-based preparedness resulted in a decrease in the number of lives, property, and livelihoods lost to floods, compared to just one year prior in 2007 when similar floods claimed above 300 lives in the region. This article demonstrates how a science-based early warning informed decisions and saved lives by triggering action in anticipation of forecast events. It analyses what it took to move decision-makers to action, based on seasonal climate information, and to overcome traditional barriers to the uptake of seasonal climate information in the region, providing evidence that these barriers can be overcome. While some institutional, communication and technical barriers were addressed in 2008, many challenges remain. Scientists and humanitarians need to build more common ground.
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Chou, Chuen-Shii, Sheau-Horng Lin, Chin-I. Wang und Kuan-Hung Liu. „A hybrid intumescent fire retardant coating from cake- and eggshell-type IFRC“. Powder Technology 198, Nr. 1 (Februar 2010): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.11.004.
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Schulz, Sabine F., und Ian Heigh. „Logistics performance management in action within a humanitarian organization“. Management Research News 32, Nr. 11 (02.10.2009): 1038–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170910998273.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share the design and testing procedure of the “Development Indicator Tool” – a tool developed by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) to guide and monitor the continuous performance improvement of their (regional) logistics unit(s) on a daily basis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a descriptive approach. It starts with a description of the situational background of the IFRC. In a second step, it briefly portrays the theoretical concepts of continuous improvement and of the Balanced Scorecard and highlights the extension of existing literature on performance measurement in general and humanitarian logistics in particular. Next the paper summarizes the objectives of the tool and describes the four development phases as well as the tool design including the dashboard and the selected indicators. It concludes with indications on key success factors, challenges met along the way, expected impact and the future perspective.FindingsThe process of designing and implementing (tools for) a performance measurement and management system can and should be kept simple. Important for the success of the process is the integration of key stakeholders throughout the entire process as well as the simplicity and user‐friendliness of tools and system.Practical implicationsThe provided insights are only a cut‐out of a solution developed for the specific context of one humanitarian organization. But by its simplicity it might encourage other organizations to start or improve their own performance management system.Originality/valueSince conceptual and empirical research on performance management systems in the context of humanitarian operations in general and disaster relief logistics in particular are still limited, design and testing of a concrete indicator tool might contribute to the further investigation of this topic. The paper aids this process.
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Kirana, Viska Devintha Candra, und Endang Dwiyanti. „Hubungan Stres Kerja Dengan Kelelahan Pada Perawat Dengan Metode Pengukuran DASS 21 Dan IFRC“. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Media Husada 6, Nr. 1 (20.03.2017): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v6i1.69.
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Tuntutan kerja perawat untuk menangani pasien mengakibatkan aktivitas kerjanya meningkat. Peningkatan aktivitas kerja ini dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya stres kerja yang dapat menimbulkan kelelahan. Kelelahan dapat berakibat pada menurunnya produktivitas kerja serta terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi distribusi frekuensi usia dan jenis kelamin, serta mengetahui hubungan stres kerja dan kelelahan. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian analitik. Berdasarkan pengambilan data merupakan penelitian observasional dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan perawat pada Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Provinsi Jawa Timur yang bertugas pada ruang intermediate. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara random sampling dan proportional random sampling. Pengambilan data dibagi menjadi dua, yakni data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengambilan data primer menggunakan media kuisioner, sedangkan data sekunder diambil dari profil rumah sakit dan data kepegawaian. Variabel yang akan diteliti adalah stres kerja dan kelelahan. Untuk menganalisis data penelitian menggunakan bantuan software statistik deskriptif. Sebagian besar perawat yang mengalami stres kerja pada tingkta normal sebesar 69,2%. Dan sebanyak
69,2% perawat mengalami kelelahan pada tingkat yang rendah. Hasil uji statistik untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stres kerja dan kelelahan diperoleh nilai p = 0,000 dengan nilai α = 0,05. Jadi nilai p lebih kecil dari nilai α (p < α), dengan demikian menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara stres kerja dengan kelelahan. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari hasil penelitian ini adalah mayoritas perawat yang mengalami stres pada tingkat normal, maka akan mengalami kelelahan pada pada tingkat yang rendah. Ada baiknya dilakukan olahraga secara rutin dan refreshing secara periodik sebagai langkah untuk meminimalisir stres dan kelelahan.
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Wildner, Manfred. „COVID-19: Pandemie, Infodemie?“ Das Gesundheitswesen 83, Nr. 04 (April 2021): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1391-3121.
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„Eine Infodemie ist ein Übermaß an angebotener Information, sowohl offline [in den klassischen Medien] als auch online“, stellen die internationalen Organisationen WHO, UN, UNICEF, UNDP, UNESCO, UNAIDS, ITU, UN Global Pulse und IFRC in einer seltenen gemeinsamen Erklärung fest 1. Sie kommen dann schnell auf den Punkt: Darin enthalten seien „gezielte Versuche, Falschinformationen zu verbreiten, um die öffentlichen Abwehr- und Hilfsmaßnahmen zu unterminieren und alternative Agenden zu befördern“. Solche Fehlinformationen könnten dann gesundheitliche Folgen haben, zu Stigmatisierungen und zur Ablehnung von sinnvollen Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen führen, einschließlich von Hygienemaßnahmen, Test- und Impfangeboten. Kurz: Falschinformationen können Menschenleben kosten, insbesondere in einer Pandemie und darüber hinaus durch Hetze und Misstrauen den sozialen Zusammenhalt einer Gemeinschaft nachhaltig schädigen. Damit wird die Pandemie in einem zweiten Schritt zum Vehikel einer nochmals die Gesundheit auf individueller und Bevölkerungsebene schädigenden „Infodemie“.
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Swee, Hannah, und Zuzana Hrdličková. „Living with Disasters: Perspectives on the (Re-)Production of Knowledge“. Nature and Culture 12, Nr. 1 (01.03.2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2017.120101.
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Although communities around the world have been experiencing destructive events leading to loss of life and material destruction for centuries, the past hundred years have been marked by an especially heightened global interest in disasters. This development can be attributed to the rising impact of disasters on communities throughout the twentieth century and the consequent increase in awareness among the general public. Today, international and local agencies, scientists, politicians, and other actors including nongovernmental organizations across the world are working toward untangling and tackling the various chains of causality surrounding disasters. Numerous research and practitioners’ initiatives are taking place to inform and improve preparedness and response mechanisms. Recently, it has been acknowledged that more needs to be learned about the social and cultural aspects of disasters in order for these efforts to be successful (IFRC 2014).
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Lapaš, Davorin. „Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities for IGO-Like Entities“. International Organizations Law Review 16, Nr. 2 (16.12.2019): 378–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01602007.
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Contemporary international relations have resulted not only in the establishment of intergovernmental organizations (‘IGOs’), but also in the emergence of certain IGO-like entities which are entering into ‘diplomatic-like’ relations with states, characterised by privileges and immunities similar to those provided under classic diplomatic law. This paper analyses such diplomatic-like relations between states and a number of these IGO-like entities primarily in relation to so-called ‘trans-governmental organizations’ (‘TGOs)’. In addition, organizations composed of formally non-state entities, but with an undoubtedly public purpose, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (‘ICRC’) or the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (‘IFRC’), as well as other so-called ‘advanced’ non-governmental organizations (‘NGOs’), will also be discussed due to their participation in legally regulated international, diplomatic-like relations with states and IGOs.
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Lapaš, Davorin. „Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities for IGO-like Entities“. International Organizations Law Review 17, Nr. 2 (05.06.2020): 350–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-20181132.
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Contemporary international relations have resulted not only in the establishment of intergovernmental organizations (‘IGOs’), but also in the emergence of certain IGO-like entities which are entering into ‘diplomatic-like’ relations with states, characterised by privileges and immunities similar to those provided under classic diplomatic law. This paper analyses such diplomatic-like relations between states and a number of these IGO-like entities primarily in relation to so-called ‘trans-governmental organizations’ (‘TGOs)’. In addition, organizations composed of formally non-state entities, but with an undoubtedly public purpose, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (‘ICRC’) or the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (‘IFRC’), as well as other so-called ‘advanced’ non-governmental organizations (‘NGOs’), will also be discussed due to their participation in legally regulated international, diplomatic-like relations with states and IGOs.
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Nur Aisyah, Eka, und Sarinah Basri K. „Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja Di SPBE Indramayu“. Afiasi : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 3, Nr. 1 (25.04.2018): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/afiasi.v3i1.12.
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Kelelahan kerja merupakan kondisi melemahnya tenaga untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Kelelahan kerja dapat menimbulkan efek yang buruk bagi kesehatan para pekerja. Kelelahan dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya beban kerja dan status gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja di SPBE Indramayu Tahun 2017”.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pekerja bagian operator loading di SPBE Indramayu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sebanyak 39 orang pekerja. Data mengenai kelelahan kerja diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner 30-item gejala kelelahan umum IFRC. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Fisher Exact Test.
Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai status gizi pekerja dengan p-value 0,005 dengan nilai Spearman Correlation (SC) = 0,485. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak, artinya menunjukan ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja di SPBE Indramayu Tahun 2017. Para pekerja sebaiknya mengonsumsi makanan yang bergizi seimbang dan memaksimalkan waktu istirahat.
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Lestari, Khaerani, Aditya Fadila Muhamad, Arif Susanto, Edi Karyono Putro und Fanny Sarah Yuliasari. „Hubungan Faktor Penyebab Tingkat Kelelahan pada Pekerja Tambang Pengolahan Mineral Tembaga dan Emas“. Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 6, Nr. 1 (28.05.2020): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol6.iss1.519.
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Fatigue has a significant impact on the economy of a region. This is because it leads to absenteeism, decreased productivity, health costs, and accidents. It is something complex primarily caused by 2 factors, including work and non-work fatigue. The purpose of this study therefore is to determine the factors associated with the fatigue level in copper and gold ore processing workers. It uses a cross-sectional design with the Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaire to measure the fatigue level and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of 260 respondents working in the copper and gold ore processing firm. The results showed that 1 worker (0.4%) experienced severe fatigue, and 12 workers (4.6%) moderate, 243 (93.5%) mild fatigue, while only 4 (1.5%) were not affected. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between fatigue levels with sleep quality. In conclusion, poor sleep has the potential to increase fatigue. Companies therefore need to provide training related to the management of fatigue and sleep quality for workers.
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Ahmed, Iftekhar, und Esther Charlesworth. „Editorial: Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction to Enable Resilient Communities“. Open House International 39, Nr. 3 (01.09.2014): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2014-b0001.
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Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction to Enable Resilient Communities. A house is often the most valuable economic and social asset in most communities and its primary function is to provide a safe and secure habitat for its inhabitants. In many disasters, not only rapid onset events such as earthquakes and storms, where housing is usually the most visible component that is damaged or lost, but also in slow onset disasters such as floods and bushfires, people are often forced to abandon their homes. Displacement or loss of housing makes people vulnerable to possible aftershocks, as well as to the climate – rain, snow, heat, etc – thus compounding the effects of the disaster, and significantly impacting household and community health; therefore it is important to safeguard people from these disaster risks through adequate and resilient housing. This has been emphasised in a number of disasters and housing related publications (see for example ADPC, 2002; Coburn et al, 1995; HFHA, undated; IFRC, 2011; Seraj and Ahmed, 2004; UNNATI, 2006).
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Afriansyah, Nafi`ah Nurfi. „BEBAN KERJA MENTAL DAN KELUHAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA BIDAN DI PUSKESMAS JETIS YOGYAKARTA“. Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, Nr. 2 (22.03.2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v6i2.2017.166-176.
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ABSTRACK The main task of midwife support was to decrease Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) by midwifery services. The profession of midwife not only as midwifery services but also as a manager, researcher, and educator in society. Profession as a midwife need good physical and mental health. Therefore, all midwifery professionals were have to optimum performances. This research aim were to describe mental work loads and work fatigue of midwife in Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. This research was decriptive with cross sectional approach. The sample used total sampling with 15 midwifes who worked in Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. The instruments for collect the data used by interview, observation, and filling NASA-TLX with IFRC questionnaires. The results showed that physic workload category amount to 46% (Physical Demand = 14%, Temporal Demand = 22%, Own Performance = 10%), and mental workload category amount to 54% (Mental Demand = 18%, Frustation = 15%, Effort = 21%), also average fatigue of midwife on the medium level as 60 %. The conclusion of this research showed that mental workload of midwife gave more effect than physic workload. Keywords: work load, midwife, work fatigue ABSTRAK Tugas utama profesi bidan adalah mendukung penurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) melalui pelayanan kebidanan yang berkualitas. Tugas bidan tidak hanya sebagai pelaksana pelayanan kebidanan, namun juga mempunyai peran sebagai pengelola, peneliti, dan pendidik di masyarakat. Profesi sebagai bidan merupakan pekerja yang membutuhkan kesehatan fisik dan mental yang baik. Oleh sebab itu profesi bidan dituntut memiliki performa yang optimal. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan beban kerja mental dan kelelahan kerja pada bidan di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 15 Bidan yang bekerja di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data menggunakan kuisioner beban kerja NASA –TLX, kuisioner IFRC, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dimensi NASA-TLX kategori Beban Kerja Fisik sebesar 46% (Physical Demand = 14%, Temporal Demand = 22%, Own Performance = 10%), dan kategori Beban Kerja Mental sebesar 54% (Mental Demand = 18%, Frustation = 15%, Effort = 21%), serta rata – rata tingkat kelelahan kerja sedang sebesar 60%. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja mental pada bidan dirasakan lebih besar daripada beban kerja fisik. Kata Kunci : beban kerja, bidan, kelelahan kerja
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Sari, Arini Rahmatika, und Lailatul Muniroh. „Hubungan Kecukupan Asupan Energi dan Status Gizi dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Pekerja Bagian Produksi (Studi di PT. Multi Aneka Pangan Nusantara Surabaya)“. Amerta Nutrition 1, Nr. 4 (27.12.2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v1i4.2017.275-281.
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Introduction: Work Fatigue is the common condition experienced by most worker but if this condition occured continously, it will affect of the worker’s health condition. Work fatigue can be affected by several factors, some of which are energy intake and nutritional status. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation between the adequacy of energy intake and nutritional status with the level of work fatigue. Methods: This study was an analytic observational, used cross sectional study with 33 sample from 48 workers of cocoa powder production PT. Multi Aneka Pangan Nusantara Surabaya selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by food recall 2X24 hours for energy intake, measuring weight and height for nutritional stastus and Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaire for the level of fatigue. Data were analyzed by ranks spearman correlation test. Results: Most of workers were <25 years old (42.4%), the adequacy of energy intake were deficit (66.7%), the nutritional status were normal (54.5%), and the work fatigue were moderate (63.6%). The result of this research showed that there were corellation between the adequacy of energy intake (p-value=0.001) and nutritional status (p-value=0.018) with the level of work fatigue. Conclussion: In conclusion, lower energy intake and high BMI would increase the level of fatigue.ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Kelelahan kerja menjadi keadaan umum yang dialami hampir semua tenaga kerja, namun jika hal ini terjadi secara terus menerus dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan pekerja. Kelelahan kerja dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, beberapa diantaranya yaitu asupan energi dan status gizi pekerja.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan kecukupan asupan energi dan status gizi dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja pekerja.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel sebesar 33 pekerja dari 48 pekerja bagian produksi cocoa powder PT. Multi Aneka Pangan Nusantara Surabaya yang dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan food recall 2X24 hours untuk asupan energi, pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan untuk status gizi, serta kuesioner Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) untuk tingkat kelelahan kerja. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik ranks spearman. Hasil: Sebagian pekerja besar responden berusia <25 tahun (42,4%), kecukupan asupan energi yang tergolong kurang (66,7%), status gizi normal (54,5%), dan tingkat kelelahan kerja yang tergolong sedang (63,6%). Terdapat hubungan antara kecukupan asupan energi (p=0,001) dan status gizi (p=0,018) dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja pekerja.Kesimpulan:. Semakin kurang asupan energi dan semakin tinggi IMT maka akan semakin tinggi tingkat kelelahan kerja pada pekerja.
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Sari, Arini Rahmatika, und Lailatul Muniroh. „Hubungan Kecukupan Asupan Energi dan Status Gizi dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Pekerja Bagian Produksi (Studi di PT. Multi Aneka Pangan Nusantara Surabaya)“. Amerta Nutrition 1, Nr. 4 (27.12.2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v1i4.7127.
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Introduction: Work Fatigue is the common condition experienced by most worker but if this condition occured continously, it will affect of the worker’s health condition. Work fatigue can be affected by several factors, some of which are energy intake and nutritional status. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation between the adequacy of energy intake and nutritional status with the level of work fatigue. Methods: This study was an analytic observational, used cross sectional study with 33 sample from 48 workers of cocoa powder production PT. Multi Aneka Pangan Nusantara Surabaya selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected by food recall 2X24 hours for energy intake, measuring weight and height for nutritional stastus and Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaire for the level of fatigue. Data were analyzed by ranks spearman correlation test. Results: Most of workers were <25 years old (42.4%), the adequacy of energy intake were deficit (66.7%), the nutritional status were normal (54.5%), and the work fatigue were moderate (63.6%). The result of this research showed that there were corellation between the adequacy of energy intake (p-value=0.001) and nutritional status (p-value=0.018) with the level of work fatigue. Conclussion: In conclusion, lower energy intake and high BMI would increase the level of fatigue.ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Kelelahan kerja menjadi keadaan umum yang dialami hampir semua tenaga kerja, namun jika hal ini terjadi secara terus menerus dapat mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan pekerja. Kelelahan kerja dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, beberapa diantaranya yaitu asupan energi dan status gizi pekerja.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan kecukupan asupan energi dan status gizi dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja pekerja.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel sebesar 33 pekerja dari 48 pekerja bagian produksi cocoa powder PT. Multi Aneka Pangan Nusantara Surabaya yang dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan food recall 2X24 hours untuk asupan energi, pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan untuk status gizi, serta kuesioner Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) untuk tingkat kelelahan kerja. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik ranks spearman. Hasil: Sebagian pekerja besar responden berusia <25 tahun (42,4%), kecukupan asupan energi yang tergolong kurang (66,7%), status gizi normal (54,5%), dan tingkat kelelahan kerja yang tergolong sedang (63,6%). Terdapat hubungan antara kecukupan asupan energi (p=0,001) dan status gizi (p=0,018) dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja pekerja.Kesimpulan:. Semakin kurang asupan energi dan semakin tinggi IMT maka akan semakin tinggi tingkat kelelahan kerja pada pekerja.
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Widyastuti, Augyantantri Dwivira. „HUBUNGAN STRES KERJA DENGAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA PEKERJA AREA WORKSHOP KONSTRUKSI BOX TRUCK“. Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, Nr. 2 (22.03.2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v6i2.2017.216-224.
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PT. Star Queen Indonesia merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang vehicle manufacture. Banyaknya pesanan menyebabkan stres kerja yang dirasakan oleh pekerja tidaklah kecil, sehingga pekerja dapat mengalamai kelelahan. Selain stres kerja, iklim kerja juga dapat mengakibatkan kelelahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan iklim kerja dan stres kerja dengan kelelahan kerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur Indeks Suhu Bola Basah (ISBB) adalah Heat Stress Meter Quest Temp 36, stres kerja menggunakan kuesioner manajemen stres, dan kelelahan kerja menggunakan kuesioner Industrial Fatigue Research Comittee (IFRC). Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja area workshop PT. Star Queen Indonesia sebanyak 15 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai ISBB yang melebihi NAB yang ditentukan meliputi area workshop bagian pemotongan dan perakitan, sedangkan stres kerja yang banyak dirasakan tergolong sedang. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square dengan nilai α = 0,05 (5%) dengan hasil menunjukkan ada hubungan antara iklim kerja dengan kelelahan kerja (Sig. 2-tailed = 0,001) dan ada hubungan antara stres kerja dengan kelelahan kerja (Sig. 2-tailed = 0,000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa adanya hubungan iklim kerja dengan kelelahan kerja dan adanya hubungan stres kerja dengan kelelahan kerja.
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Ullah, Sami, Faiz Ahmad und Anildav Singh. „Development and Testing of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating on Various Structural Geometries“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.360.
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Materials are prone to fire and in modern construction their protection from fire is required. In any structure, various joints such as T-joint, I-beam and elbows are used. The geometry of the component has significant role in protection of structure. A weak joint may lead to failure of main structure. In order to meet these challenges, Intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) were developed and tested on various structural geometries such as T-joints, elbows, I-beams and pipe. The control coating formulation (IFC-C) was developed from main ingredients; Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP), expandable Graphite (EG), Melamine (Mel), Boric Acid (BA) mixed with bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyamide hardener. Another set of formulations containing various percentage of aluminium Tri-Hydrate (ATH). Fire test results of ATH based formulation showed that I-beam geometry showed the high expansion of 19 mm. T-joint showed the average surface temperature of 55°C after one hour of Bunsen burner test. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of boron oxide, boron phosphate, sassolite and aluminium oxide in IFC-ATH5 residual char. The 5wt% ATH filler in IFC-C enhanced the fire protection performance of intumescent fire retardant coating formulation.
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Kurniawan, Fadly Ahmad. „Penyelidikan Karakteristik Mekanik Tarik Komposit Serbuk Kasar Kenaf“. Jurnal Inotera 2, Nr. 1 (28.07.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31572/inotera.vol2.iss1.2017.id12.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh nilai tegangan, regangan dan modulus elastisitas dari spesimen komposit serbuk kasar kenaf dengan komposisi 90% Resin � 10% Serbuk, 80% Resin � 20% Serbuk dan 70% Resin � 30% Serbuk. Adapun nilai yang di dapat dari hasil pengujian tarik dari spesimen uji ini adalah untuk serbuk kasar 24,151 MPa, , regangan rata-rata serbuk kasar 2,533 MPa, modulus elastisitas sebesar 970,53MPa terhadap kekuatan uji tarik. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium IFRC (Impact and Facture Research Center) Departemen Teknik Mesin Universitas Sumatera Utara. Komposit dibuat dengan menggunakan resin sebagai pengikat matriknya dan kenaf sebagai penguatnya. Variasi bahan adalah serbuk halus dan kasar 10%, 20% dan 30% resin 90%, 80% dan 70%. Spesimen di buat dengan metode paling sederhana (hand lay up). Selanjutnya komposit dibiarkan selama kurang lebih 24 jam agar hasilnya sesuai dengan yang di inginkan. Kemudian dilakukan proses pengujian tarik. Penelitiannya adalah spesimen yang telah diberi berbeda variasi diuji dengan mesin Uji Tarik. Hasil pengujian didapat kurva beban pertambahan panjang. Kemudian diperoleh hasil pada grafik untuk setiap spesimen.Luasan area ini adalah perbandingan dari tiap spesimen. Kemudian memperoleh hasil dengan luas area patah pada spesimen.
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Nala Utami, Nabila, Riyanto Riyanto und Aman Evendi. „Hubungan Antara Usia dan Masa Kerja dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pekerja Industri Rumah Tangga Peleburan Alumunium di Desa Eretan Kulon Kabupaten Indramayu“. Afiasi : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 3, Nr. 2 (23.08.2018): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/afiasi.v3i2.20.
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Kelelahan mengarah pada kondisi melemahnya tenaga kerja untuk melakukan kegiatan. Peleburan alumunium adalah pekerja melakukan peleburan alumunium dari bahan bubutan/lelean untuk membuat pelek mobil, motor, dan lain-lain. Setiap pekerjaan yang berisiko akan menimbulkan kelelahan. Beberapa pekerja peleburan alumunium mengeluhkan gejala kelelahan seperti kurang percaya diri, susah berkonestrasi, lelah seluruh tubuh, lelah berbicara karena selama 24 jam dengan 10 jam kerja perhari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran dan hubungan antara usia, masa kerja dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja industry peleburan alumunium Eretan Kulon Indramayu tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan metode cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 pekerja dan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling dimana semua populasi dijadikan sampel penelitian. Instrumen pada penelitian ini menggunakan IFRC. Dari 30 pekerja industry peleburan alumunium yang dijadikan sampel sebanyak 23 pekerja (76,7%) mengalami kelelahan berat dan 7 pekerja (23,3%) mengalami kelelahan ringan. Pengujian data menggunakan uji statistic Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia denga kelelahan (p=0,033), masa kerja dengan kelelahan (p= 0,016). Disarankan pekerja dapat memanfaatkan waktu istirahat seoptimal mungkin,
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Natizatun, Natizatun, Tayong Siti Nurbaeti und Sutangi Sutangi. „Hubungan Status Gizi dan Asupan Zat Gizi dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja Industri Di Industri Rumah Tangga Peleburan Alumunium Metal Raya Indramayu Tahun 2018“. Afiasi : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 3, Nr. 2 (23.08.2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/afiasi.v3i2.21.
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Kelelahan kerja merupakan kondisi melemahnya tenaga untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Kelelahan dapat menimbulkan efek yang buruk bagi kesehatan para pekerja. Kelelahan dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa factor diantaranya status gizi dan asupan zat gizi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Status Gizi dan Asupan Zat Gizi dengan Kelelahan Kerja Pada Pekerja Industri di Industri Rumah Tangga Peleburan Alumunium Metal Raya Indrmayu Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional, teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sample adalah Total Sampling. Sample dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja industri Industri Rumah Tangga Peleburan Alumunium Metal Raya Indramayu, sebanyak 30 orang pekerja. Data mengenai kelelahan kerja diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner 30-item gejala kelelahan umum IFRC. Uji statistik menggunakan Fisher Exact Test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai status gizi P-Valeu 0,015 dan asupan zat gizi dengan P-Value 0,001 Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara status gizi dan asupan zat gizi dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja industri Industri Rumah Tangga Peleburan Alumunium Metal Raya Indramayu Tahun 2018. Status gizi pekerja sebagian besar dalam kategori status gizi tidak normal 63,3%, asupan zat gizi pekerja sebagian besar dalam kategori kurang 66,7%, dan kelelahan kerja sebagian besar dalam kategori kelelahan tinggi 66,7%.
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Dinarita, Itami, Akhmad Akhmad und Muhammad Dalhar Ghalib. „Hubungan Faktor Individu Dengan Tingkat Kelelahan Kerja Subyektif Pada Supir Travel Kangaroo Premier di Kota Samarinda“. KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 1, Nr. 1 (01.06.2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v1i1.843.
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Lelah bagi setiap orang akan mempunyai arti tersendiri dan bersifat subyektif karena terkait dengan perasaan. Ada banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kelelahan kerja antara lain yaitu keadaan monoton, beban kerja, keadaan lingkungan, dan faktor individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan antara faktor individu (umur, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja, dan status gizi) dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja subyektif pada supir.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan wawancara dan pengukuran sebagai metode pengumpulan data sedangkan menurut waktunya adalah cross sectional. Tingkat kelelahan kerja subjektif diukur dengan menggunakan 30 panduan pertanyaan dari IFRC. Populasi penelitian adalah supir Travel Kangaroo Premier yang berjumlah 42 orang. Sampel diambil dari populasi dengan total sampling sehingga didapatkan 42 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 42 responden sebagian besar mengalami tingkat kelelahan rendah sebanyak 25 orang (59,5%) dan 17 orang (40,5%) mengalami tingkat kelelahan sedang. Dari hasil analisa data terdapat hubungan antara faktor individu yang berupa umur (p = 0,019) dan status gizi (p = 0,010) dengan tingkat kelelahan kerja subjektif.Saran yang diajukan kepada Travel Kangaroo Premier yaitu agar lebih memperhatikan pekerja yang berumur di atas 30 tahun dan memperhatikan status gizi pekerja. Untuk pengemudi travel hendaknya membiasakan diriuntuk melakukan peregangan otot di sela mengemudi atau pun saat beristirahat.
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Panjaitan, Netty, und Doni Simatupang. „PENGARUH KERJA SHIFT TERHADAP KELELAHAN PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSUP HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN“. Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 13, Nr. 2 (24.01.2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v13i2.384.
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Kelelahan mengaruh pada kondisi melemahnya tenaga untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan,dapat berupakelelahan fisiologis dan psikologis. Kelelahan fisiologis timbul karena adanya perubahan fisiologis dalamtubuh. Penurunan motivasi dan adanya penurunan produktivitas kerja. Rumah sakit adalah salah satu institusipelayanan Kesehatan yang beroperasi 24 jam dimana perawat merupakan ujung tombak pelayanankesehatan. Pelayanan keperawatan tidak terlepas dari pengaturan jam kerja/shift kerja. Dampak dari adanyasistem kerja yang terdiri dari shift merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya ssgangguan kesehatan,berupagangguan pencernaan,gangguan tidur dan kelelahan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh kerja shiftpagi,sore,malam,terhadap kelelahan. Metoda penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan uji test berpasangan.Sampel diambil dengan cara purporsive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang terdiri dari shiftpagi,sore,malam. Pengukuran kelelahan perawat dilakukan sebelum menjalankan kerja shift danmembandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran sesudah menjalankan kerja shift,berupa pengukuran subjektifdengan menggunakan IFRC (International Fatique Reaction Commite) dan pengukuran objektif denganmelakukan pengukuran kelelahan dengan Lakassida 77 Reaction Timer,yang hasilnya ada pengaruh kerjashift pagi,sore,malam terhadap kelelahan,tapi paling besar pengaruhnya pada shift malam. Hasil analisastatistik didapat p ? masing 0.037,0.010,0.005 yang arti nya ada pengaruh kerja shift pagi,sore,malamterhadap kelelahan perawat lebih kecil dari 0,05.
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Panjaitan, Netty, und Doni Simatupang. „PENGARUH KERJA SHIFT TERHADAP KELELAHAN PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSUP HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN“. Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 13, Nr. 2 (24.01.2019): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v13i2.393.
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Kelelahan mengaruh pada kondisi melemahnya tenaga untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan,dapat berupakelelahan fisiologis dan psikologis. Kelelahan fisiologis timbul karena adanya perubahan fisiologis dalamtubuh. Penurunan motivasi dan adanya penurunan produktivitas kerja. Rumah sakit adalah salah satu institusipelayanan Kesehatan yang beroperasi 24 jam dimana perawat merupakan ujung tombak pelayanankesehatan. Pelayanan keperawatan tidak terlepas dari pengaturan jam kerja/shift kerja. Dampak dari adanyasistem kerja yang terdiri dari shift merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya ssgangguan kesehatan,berupagangguan pencernaan,gangguan tidur dan kelelahan. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh kerja shiftpagi,sore,malam,terhadap kelelahan. Metoda penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan uji test berpasangan.Sampel diambil dengan cara purporsive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang terdiri dari shiftpagi,sore,malam. Pengukuran kelelahan perawat dilakukan sebelum menjalankan kerja shift danmembandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran sesudah menjalankan kerja shift,berupa pengukuran subjektifdengan menggunakan IFRC (International Fatique Reaction Commite) dan pengukuran objektif denganmelakukan pengukuran kelelahan dengan Lakassida 77 Reaction Timer,yang hasilnya ada pengaruh kerjashift pagi,sore,malam terhadap kelelahan,tapi paling besar pengaruhnya pada shift malam. Hasil analisastatistik didapat p ? masing 0.037,0.010,0.005 yang arti nya ada pengaruh kerja shift pagi,sore,malamterhadap kelelahan perawat lebih kecil dari 0,05.
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Brink, Sophia. „The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 1)“. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (06.06.2017): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v10i1.8.
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Credit card rewards programmes are a common phenomenon in the South African market. On 1 July 2007 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Although credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. Currently there is uncertainty whether or not a credit card rewards programme transaction falls within the scope of IFRS 15. Despite concerns raised the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes and indicated that they leave it up to management
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Dereli, Türkay, Nazmiye Eligüzel und Cihan Çetinkaya. „Content analyses of the international federation of red cross and red crescent societies (ifrc) based on machine learning techniques through twitter“. Natural Hazards 106, Nr. 3 (05.02.2021): 2025–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04527-w.
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Adytama, Steven, und Partha Muliawan. „KELELAHAN KERJA DAN DETERMINAN PADA PENGEMUDI MINIBUS ANTAR PROVINSI JAWA-BALI TAHUN 2019“. ARCHIVE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 7, Nr. 2 (06.12.2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ach.2020.v07.i02.p09.
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ABSTRAK
Kelelahan kerja menjadi salah satu penyebab masalah transportasi di Indonesia dalam bentuk kejadian kecelakaan dengan angka kematian yang cukup tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelelahan kerja dan determinan pada pengemudi minibus antar provinsi Jawa-Bali tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan total sampel pengemudi minibus antar provinsi Jawa-Bali sebanyak 32 orang dalam satu perusahaan. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara langsung setelah pengemudi minibus tiba dipangkalan bus perusahaan di Denpasar dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner IFRC Jepang dan tes kecepatan waktu reaksi. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah univariat dan bivariate menggunakan tes uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa seluruh responden tidak mengalami kelelahan kerja secara subyektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa seluruh responden tidak mengalami kelelahan kerja secara subyektif. Sedangkan secara obyektif responden mengalami kelelahan kerja ringan (50%), kelelahan kerja sedang (34,38%) dan kelelahan kerja berat (15,63%). Proporsi kelelahan sedang dan berat secara obyektif lebih tinggi pada kelompok umur ?43 tahun dan jam kerja >40 jam/minggu (p<0,05) sedangkan status perkawinan, status gizi dan masa kerja tidak mempunyai perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05). Disarankan agar untuk pengemudi minibus mengurangi jam kerja menjadi sekali perjalanan pulang-pergi dalam seminggu pada trayek jarak jauh, melakukan program medical check up dan menempatkan pada trayek lebih dekat pada pengemudi minibus yang berumur ?43 tahun. Kata kunci: Kelelahan Kerja, Pengemudi Minibus, Antar Provinsi Jawa-Bali
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Tidball-Binz, Morris. „Managing the dead in catastrophes: guiding principles and practical recommendations for first responders“. International Review of the Red Cross 89, Nr. 866 (Juni 2007): 421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383107001130.
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AbstractThe proper management of the dead from catastrophes is an essential component of humanitarian response, together with the rescue and care of survivors and the provision and rehabilitation of essential services. Sadly, insufficient recognition of the importance of ensuring proper management of the dead and of caring for the needs of the bereaved, coupled with the frequent collapse of forensic services in the aftermath of catastrophes, contribute to perpetuating the tragedy and trauma suffered by survivors forever unable properly to bury and mourn their dead. In 2006 the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), together with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), published guidelines for the management of the dead, to help improve the management of the dead after catastrophes. The publication, Management of Dead Bodies after Disasters: A Field Manual for First Responders, offers practical and simple recommendations to non-specialists for the proper and dignified management of the dead in catastrophes and for the care of bereaved relatives. It also helps to dispel the principal myth which often complicates this difficult task: the unfounded association of cadavers with epidemics. The manual has proven to be a valuable tool for first responders, including humanitarian workers, for disaster response and preparedness in various operational contexts.
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Brink, Sophia. „The accounting treatment of credit card rewards programmes: a South African perspective (Part 2)“. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (06.11.2017): 206–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v10i2.14.
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Most credit card issuers offer their card holders participation in a customer loyalty programme. On 1 July 2007 the IASB issued IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes to give specific guidance to suppliers on the accounting treatment of customer loyalty programme transactions. Despite the fact that credit card rewards programmes are specifically included in the scope of this Interpretation, in practice not all credit card rewards programmes currently account for award credits under the revenue deferral model (IFRIC 13). These divergent practices make one question the relevance of the current guidance provided in IFRIC 13 to credit card rewards programmes; otherwise what is the reason behind credit card rewards programmes accounting for these transactions differently? During May 2014 the IASB and the United States Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), published IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers intended to replace six existing Standards and Interpretations, including IFRIC 13. The aim of IFRS 15 is to streamline accounting for revenue across all industries and to correct inconsistencies in existing Standards and practices. Credit card rewards programme respondents raised many queries and uncertainties based on the proposed model but despite these concerns the Boards decided against providing any additional guidance to credit card rewards programmes. They indicated that they leave it up to management
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Prastuti, Tika Nanda, und Tri Martiana. „ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DENGAN KELUHAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA PENGEMUDI TAKSI DI RUNGKUT SURABAYA“. Indonesian Journal of Public Health 12, Nr. 1 (28.12.2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v12i1.2017.64-74.
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Each type of work will cause fatigue. Fatigue is decreasing a person’s condition so that no longerable to perform the work or activities. This study is to find out the relationship between individual characteristics such as age, work period, smoking habits, exercise habits, nutritional status with work fatigue complaints of taxi driver. The method used in this research was observational analytic with cross sectional approach. This study uses a questionnaire tools work fatigue Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC), weight scales and height or microtoise Stature Meter. The population in this study was a taxi driver in Rungkut Surabaya who work at night time from 14.00 pm–12.00 pm. The studysample of 50 drivers by used purposive sampling method. The results of this study used Chi-Square. Statistical test results indicate that the age of the driver has a low relationship strength, the driver’s working period has a very strong relationship strength, smoking habits driver has a very low relationship strength, exercise habits and nutritional status drivers has a strong relationship. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of the study there was no association between age, work period, smoking, exercise habits, and nutritional status and work fatigue complaints of taxi drivers. Therefore, need forsocialization or briefing about the dangers of smoking to health, eating vitamin partially substitute for cigarettes and a healthy lifestyle.Keywords: work period, nutritional status, exercise habits, indivudual characteristics, work fatigue complaints, taxi drivers
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Zaeni, Mohammad Andry, Supriyanto . und Rubi Ginanjar. „HUBUNGAN ANTARA KELUHAN KELELAHAN KERJA SUBJEKTIF DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN PRODUKSI PT. BATARA INDAH BOGOR TAHUN 2018“. PROMOTOR 2, Nr. 3 (01.06.2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/pro.v2i3.1938.
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<p>Setiap tahun dalam penelitian yang dilakukan Internasional Labour Organitation ( ILO ) di jelaskan dari 58.115 sampel, 18.828 di antaranya ( 32,8%) mengalami kelelahan dan berakibat pada penurunan produktivitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kelelahan kerja<br />dengan produktivitas kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Pengukuran kelelahan kerja menggunakan survey keluhan subjektif pada kelelahan dari International Fatique Research Committe/IFRC. Pengambilan sampel penelitian digunakan metode simple random<br />sampling (n=200 orang). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa lembar kuisioner, dan analisisnya dengan cara chi square. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan tabulasi silang bahwa ada hubungan antara kelelahan kerja dengan produktivitas kerja dengan OR sebesar 23.438 ( 95% CI :<br />4.383 � 125.316 ). Sedangkan untuk variabel umur, masa kerja, status perkawinan dan status gizi tidak ada hubungan dengan produktivitas kerja dengan masing-masing mempunyai nilai p value<br />0.322 , 0.338 , 1.000 dan 0.927. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan antara kelelahan kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada tenaga kerja bagian produksi di PT. Batara Indah Bogor karena cara kerja yang dilakukan oleh karyawan sangat monoton, dengan melakukan pekerjaan berulang selama berjam jam dan hanya diam di satu lane saja sehingga menyebabkan<br />para karyawan mudah mengalami kelelahan. Disarankan agar dilakukan sosialisasi berupa� penyuluhan atau pemasangan pamplet tentang keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di ruang produksi<br />PT. Batar Indah Bogor</p>
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Rachmawati, Deti, und Indriati Paskarini. „Correlation between Individual Characteristics and Rest Break with Work-related Fatigue on Telecommunication Network Service Workers“. Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health 10, Nr. 1 (17.03.2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v10i1.2021.25-33.
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Introduction: Work-related fatigue on workers are usually caused by some factors such as individual characteristics (age, work period, nutritional status) and rest break. This research aims to analyze the correlation between individual characteristics and rest break with work-related fatigue on telecommunication network service workers. Method: This research used an observational analytic and a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample in this research were all 32 workers at I-OAN unit in a telecommunication network service company. The independent variables in this study were age, work period, nutritional status, and rest break, while the dependent variable was work-related fatigue. Data were obtained throughquestionnaires about individual characteristics (age, work period, nutritional status) and rest break filled by workers. The data were also obtained through the Industrial Fatique Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaires filled by workers. All of the data in this study were analyzed with the Spearman correlation test (α = 0.05). Results: The majority of I-OAN unit workers are in the age range of 25-29 years (46.9%), have 3-4 years of work period (56.2%), and have normal nutritional status (40.6%). For the rest break variable, there are16 workers (50%) who have <30 minutes rest break and also 16 workers (50%) who have ≥ 30 minutes rest break. Conclusion: There is a correlation between individual characteristics and rest break with work-related fatigue on telecommunication network service workers.Keywords: individual characteristics, rest break, work-related fatigue
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Salsabila, Tazkia, und Mulyono Mulyono. „Correlation of Age, Nutritional Status, and Smoking Habits with Work Fatigue in Dome Installation Workers“. Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health 10, Nr. 2 (30.07.2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v10i2.2021.161-169.
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Introduction: All works have the potential to cause work fatigue, one of which is in the dome installation work. Work fatigue leads to decreased work capacity and endurance to work. Factors causing work fatigue are age, sex, nutritional status, smoking habits, history of illness, work environment, workload, work hours, and rest periods. This study aims to find out the correlation between age, nutritional status, and smoking habits with work fatigue in dome installation workers at PT. A. Methods: This type of research was an observational analytic research using a cross-sectional approach. This study had a population of all employees of PT. A in the dome installation section. The samples used were 33 workers, taken using total sampling. This study was conducted in 2020. This study used variables of age, nutritional status, smoking habits, and work fatigue. Instrument for collecting data was a questionnaire. The Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaire was specifically used to collect data on work fatigue. In addition, data on nutritional status were obtained from the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). The contingency coefficient was used to analyze the data. Results: Theworkers mostly (81.8%) experienced mild work fatigue and were aged ≤ 35 years, had normal nutritional status, and were mild smokers. Conclusion: There was a weak relationship between age and nutritional status with work fatigue and a veryweak relationship between smoking habits with work fatigue. Keywords: age, nutritional status, smoking habits, work fatigue
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Panosso, Oderson, Gleice Carvalho de Lima Moreno, Nelson Hein und Adriana Kroenke Hein. „Eficiência dos gastos em educação técnica no Brasil: análise dos IFs - Institutos Federais“. Revista Fatec Zona Sul 7, Nr. 6 (31.08.2021): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26853/refas_issn-2359-182x_v07n06_03.
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Os IFs – Institutos Federais do Brasil – foram criados em com objetivo de formação técnica no Brasil. Atualmente os IFs possuem 38 unidades que fazem parte da estrutura cumprindo os objetivos de atingir o máximo de alunos possíveis espalhados pelos interiores do país. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a eficiência dos investimentos das unidades do IFs no País fazendo uma comparação com a eficiência acadêmica definida nos Plano Nacional da Educação. Para alcançar este objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa, com extração de dados da Plataforma Nilo Peçanha, com tratamento e análise dos dados pelo método multicritério de análise envoltória de dados (DEA) a partir do modelo BCC com orientação para Output. O ano analisado foi 2018. O resultado obtido se observou que 47% das IFs são consideradas eficientes. Entre as unidades consideradas eficientes estão os IFs o IFNMG, o IFPA, o IFRO, IFBA, IFCE, IFRN, IFAP e IFRR, IFPI e IFMS, IFMT e IFPR e IFMA. Notou-se que nem todos os IFs que foram considerados eficientes tecnicamente estão classificados como Eficientes Acadêmicos, ou seja, os IFs precisam melhorar a Eficiência Acadêmica para alcançar os objetivos do Plano Nacional da Educação justificando os investimentos aplicados. As demais unidades consideradas ineficientes merecem uma atenção para um controle maior da aplicação dos recursos.
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Bianchi, Stefano. „Dialogue with standard setters“. FINANCIAL REPORTING, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2019): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2019-002006.
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The new accounting standard IFRS 16 Leases is the result of a long process of review of the criteria for recognizing and evaluating the lease on the financial statements. The need to promote a revision of the accounting criteria on leasing has been felt by many players of the financial system. IASB, FASB, EFRAG, financial institutions, auditors and preparers have supported a debate on leasing over the years, which has underlined the im-portance of representing and assessing the operating leases in the financial statements with criteria similar to the criteria utilised for the financial leasing in order to improve the quality and comparability of the financial information. The new standard IFRS 16 Leases will be effective for annual reporting periods begin-ning on or after 1 January 2019 and it will bring significant changes in accounting require-ments for lease accounting, primarily for lessees, replacing the existing suite of standards and interpretations on leases as per follows: - IAS 17 Leases (IAS 17) - IFRIC 4 Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease (IFRIC 4) - SIC 15 Operating Leases - Incentives (SIC 15) - SIC 27 Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease (SIC 27). The purpose of the following review is to analyse some of the main issues arising from the adoption of IFRS 16 Leases supported by the results of a recent effect analysis.
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Dolinšek, Tatjana. „Application of statistical methods in Internet financial information analysis“. Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 6, Nr. 1 (01.05.2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/crebss-2020-0004.
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AbstractIn today’s modern globalised world, we are faced with numerous data which form the basis for many crucial decisions. The ability to perform the analysis and interpret data correctly is, therefore, of essential importance in practically every field. The field of financial Information is one of such fields, especially the segment of information that is used by companies in corporate communication. This article is focused solely on the information that refers to the Internet financial reporting, which is important particularly for the external stakeholders. The research was made on the basis of the Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) Index for 27 Slovenian companies listed on the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. The article demonstrates the methodological approach to the creation of the IFR Index, which served as the new variable in the following steps of this research, for which various statistical analyses were performed (univariate, bivariate, and multivariate). Based on the descriptive statistics, the main characteristics of the IFR Index are identified, and, by using the t-test for two independent samples, it was found out that there is a difference among the companies listed in the two different listings. Moreover, through the use of the correlation analysis, the correlation between the IFRC and the IFR-P variables was verified, and, in the end, through the use of the multiple regression analysis, it was discovered that the size of the company is the factor which influences the level of the IFR Index. The purpose of this article is to show the awareness of the alternative research methods, and to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate method for addressing particular research questions in the Internet Financial Reporting.
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Karar Ahmad, Md. „Flood Mitigation in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India“. Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, Nr. 1 (05.05.2018): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.1.1378.
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Floods are the common natural disasters in most of the developing countries, and India isno exception.Due to the geographic and climatic conditions the country remains under threat. Floods have been recurrent phenomenon in many parts of India, causing loss of lives and public property and bringing untold misery to the people. The floods that occurred in India in 2013 were highly catastrophic based on the number of victims. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, IFRC (2013) continues to steer the evacuation efforts as well as in rescuing the stranded victims. Methods of structural control of floodwater can be grouped into four types; namely, storage, diversion, enhancing channel capacity, and constriction of the water within the channel. The following flood mitigation measures could be adopted to mitigate the adverse impacts of severe floods and to prevent normal floods. Flood walls are constructed out of materials such as concrete or steel in order to control the flow of flood waters and prevent the flooding of specific areas. The construction of floodwalls and embankments has been the traditional means of protecting low lying communities and infrastructure against flooding. Flood hazard maps contain information about the probability or magnitude of an event whereas flood risk maps contain additional information about the consequences. Flood insurance is one of the effective ways in order to cope with the aftermaths of flood events. The Indian government acknowledges the problems the country faces because of the various natural disasters that occur. Consequently, various agencies have been instituted to evaluate the country’s exposure to disasters and to develop ways of mitigating or managing the impacts of the disasters.
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Meagher, R. C., und T. Tingberg. „(A165) Red Cross Health Erus, a Modular Approach to the Challenge of Evolving Emergencies“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (Mai 2011): s47—s48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001634.
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Emergency Response Units (ERUs) were pioneered over a decade ago by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), with the intention of providing a standardized, rapid global tool for response in disasters. Health ERUs are one example of several types of ERUs on stand-by in various countries around the world. Their tented infrastructure, basic medical equipment, and pre-trained personnel allow for the provision of surge medical capacity where it is needed. Commonly used set-ups include a Basic Health Care Unit and a Referral Hospital. The recently-introduced Rapid Deployment Emergency Hospital allows for a lighter, highly mobile infrastructure, with surgical and emergency medical capacity. The modular design of these ERUs allows for deployment with materials “tailored” to the disaster. Their flexibility has been demonstrated in public health emergencies such as the nation-wide cholera epidemic that occurred in Zimbabwe (2008) and more recently in earthquake-damaged Haiti (2010) and flood-affected Pakistan (2010). Health ERUs already on the ground in post-earthquake Haiti were able to re-organize equipment for use in cholera treatment units and centers, and additional ERUs were deployed specifically to set-up treatment centers. In Pakistan, a mobile clinic set-up was used to deliver primary health services to displaced populations, including psychosocial support initiatives and community health messages to minimize the emergence of communicable diseases. The Community Health module (CHM) is a new module in development since 2009. Experience has shown that disrupted health systems, combined with displaced populations can create a fertile environment for communicable disease outbreaks. The CHM addresses primary, secondary and tertiary prevention early in emergencies by engaging communities and more specifically National Society volunteers in epidemic control. The modular design of Health ERUs allow for a rapid and comprehensive approach to delivery of health care in a disaster, with a longitudinal perspective of population needs.