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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Idle operation“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Idle operation"
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Kakuma, Yojiro, Kenji Kishimoto, Keiichi Hasegawa, Ryuichi Sekita und Yukio Koyari. „Idle mode operation of LE-5A engine“. Acta Astronautica 22 (Januar 1990): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(90)90022-d.
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2
Kustyshev, A. V. „IDLE WELLS REHABILITATION IN THE FIELDS OF EXTREME NORTH“. Oil and Gas Studies, Nr. 3 (30.06.2015): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-3-66-71.
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3
Radzevich, Stephen P. „About Hob Idle Distance in Gear Hobbing Operation“. Journal of Mechanical Design 124, Nr. 4 (26.11.2002): 772–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1517561.
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This study is focused on some features of geometry and kinematics of gear hobbing operation. The principal goal is to determine minimal hob idle distance required for complete generation of the gear teeth. This task is of importance in two aspects: to cut hobbing time and to reduce axial size of a hobbed cluster gear, gear with shoulder etc. The necessity of cutting hobbing time is evident. Reduction of axial size of a hobbed gear cluster leads to reduction of size and weight of the gear cluster itself and of the gear train housing, and therefore its necessity is also evident. Methods of analytical mechanics of gear are applied to determine an exact minimal length of the gear hob idle distance. The resultant formulas obtained have been derived based on graphical solution of the problem under consideration using methods of descriptive geometry. The results reported in the paper are applicable for manufacturing of spur and helical involute gears. Their application allows one to cut hobbing time and to reduce axial size and weight of gear train and gear train housing. Although the consideration below is focused on hobbing of involute gears, slightly modified results obtained are applicable for hobbing of spline, sprockets, ratchets, and other form tooth profiles. The results obtained are of prime importance for application of multi-start hobs of small diameter.
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Peng, Mei Chun, Bin Feng, Jie Song Zhang und Quan Zhen Lin. „The Construction of Bus Operation Cycle“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (Februar 2013): 1541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1541.
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This paper is involved in the construction of bus operation cycle, through the vehicle test on road to gain the data of bus practical operation mode, using statistical analysis in data processing to construct the operation cycle, and analyze the cycle characteristics. Through the analysis of bus operation characteristics, firstly it was found there were 4 big category modes, namely the idle, constant speed, acceleration and deceleration. Then according to the speed interval of 10 km/h and the acceleration interval of 0.5m/s2, each big category mode including of constant speed, acceleration and deceleration can be divided into small interval modes. Finally, bus operation cycle was constructed, which has 4 big category modes,78 small interval modes. The idle time of the operation cycle constructed constitutes 23.03%, the acceleration time and deceleration time constitute 73.64%, the constant speed time constitutes a little. The average speed is 22.7km/h. The characteristics of bus operation cycle above fits the bus operation rule. The operation cycle modes constructed mainly concentrate on the idle and (20-50) km/h, and acceleration and deceleration range from -1.0 m/s2to 1.0m/s2.
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Moussavi Nadoushani, Zahra Sadat, Ali Akbarnezhad und David Rey. „Optimization of concrete placing operation based on competing carbon footprint, cost and production rate objectives“. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, Nr. 7 (20.08.2018): 938–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2017-0080.
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Purpose Due to considerable contributions of the construction industry to the global carbon emissions, a great deal of attention is placed on possible incorporation of carbon footprint minimization as an important objective in the planning of construction operations. The purpose of this paper is to present a framework to estimate and minimize the carbon emissions of the concrete placing operation through identifying the optimal number of pumps and the inter-arrival time of truck mixers. Design/methodology/approach The proposed framework integrates discrete event simulation and multi-objective optimization to estimate and minimize the carbon emission, costs and production rate of the concrete placing operation. An actual construction project is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed framework. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the sensitivity of the results to variations in modeling parameters including the ratio of idle to non-idle emission rates of equipment and the activity duration distributions. Findings The results of the case study highlight that variations in the number of pumps and inter-arrival time of truck mixers significantly affect the carbon emissions, cost and production rate of the concrete placing operation. Furthermore, the results of the sensitivity analysis show that variations in the ratio of idle to non-idle emission rates for pumps and truck mixers have little effects on the selected setting for the project. This is contrary to the effect of uncertainty in the activity duration distributions, which was found to be significant. Originality/value Results of this study provide an insight into the trade-off between carbon emissions, cost and production rate of the concrete placing operation.
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Md Salleh, Salihatun, Erween Abdul Rahim, Imran H. Ghazali, Khairull Azmi, Abdul Razak Jelani, Mohd Fauzi Ismail und Mohd Rizal Ahmad. „Hand-Arm Vibration Analysis of Palm Oil Fruit Harvester Machine“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.621.
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The objective of this study is to determine the vibration value of Palm Oil Harvester Machine or CANTAS motorized cutter profile. The CANTAS machines have been divided into twelve nodes and hand arm vibration measurements are taken for idle and full throttle operation. Three cutting heads provided by MPOB have been measured for comparison purposes. The hand-arm vibration values for Type A Cutting head achieves (3.89±1.10) m/s2 for idle condition and (10.71±2.88) m/s2 for full throttle condition. Meanwhile Type B Cutting Head achieves (3.63±0.87) m/s2 for idle condition and (11.22±1.74) m/s2 for full throttle condition. Type C of Cutting Head yields (3.51±0.82) m/s2 for idle condition and (15.54±3.81) m/s2 for full throttle condition along the structure. The results also shows which points depicted highest vibration level during idle (no operation, ideally from tree to tree) and full throttle (overuse operation). These values present the maximum and minimum vibration levels that will be received by the user in daily usage of the machine. design in reducing vibration to the hand-arm of the user.
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Vos, Kalen R., Gregory M. Shaver, Mrunal C. Joshi und James McCarthy. „Implementing variable valve actuation on a diesel engine at high-speed idle operation for improved aftertreatment warm-up“. International Journal of Engine Research 21, Nr. 7 (16.10.2019): 1134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419880639.
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Aftertreatment thermal management is critical for regulating emissions in modern diesel engines. Elevated engine-out temperatures and mass flows are effective at increasing the temperature of an aftertreatment system to enable efficient emission reduction. In this effort, experiments and analysis demonstrated that increasing the idle speed, while maintaining the same idle load, enables improved aftertreatment “warm-up” performance with engine-out NOx and particulate matter levels no higher than a state-of-the-art thermal calibration at conventional idle operation (800 rpm and 1.3 bar brake mean effective pressure). Elevated idle speeds of 1000 and 1200 rpm, compared to conventional idle at 800 rpm, realized 31%–51% increase in exhaust flow and 25 °C–40 °C increase in engine-out temperature, respectively. This study also demonstrated additional engine-out temperature benefits at all three idle speeds considered (800, 1000, and 1200 rpm, without compromising the exhaust flow rates or emissions, by modulating the exhaust valve opening timing. Early exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 50 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder via an early blowdown of the exhaust gas. This early blowdown of exhaust gas also reduces the time available for particulate matter oxidization, effectively limiting the ability to elevate engine-out temperatures for the early exhaust valve opening strategy. Alternatively, late exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 91 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder to pump in-cylinder gases across a smaller exhaust valve opening. In short, this study demonstrates how increased idle speeds, and exhaust valve opening modulation, individually or combined, can be used to significantly increase the “warm-up” rate of an aftertreatment system.
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Shubenko, Aleksandr, Vladimir Goloshchapov, Daria Senetska und Oleksandr Senetskyi. „Determination of the Idle Mode of the Stage of Axial Turbine during Operation at Partial Loads“. Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 65, Nr. 1 (02.12.2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.17359.
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On the basis of the one-dimensional theory of calculating the operation of steam turbine stages the method for determining the idle mode, the initial data for which are the geometric characteristics of the blade rows is proposed. Formulas have been obtained that make it possible to calculate the efficiency in the proximity of Rotor Blades (RB) at operating modes from nominal to the idle mode, depending on the flow rate of the stage and taking into account the use of kinetic energy with the runaway velocity and losses arising at off-design angles of flow on the Rotor Blade (RB). The results of possible computational studies and their comparison for an incompressible working fluid with the results of experimental studies showed the good possibilities of the proposed method for determining the idle mode in a wide range of the characteristics of stages.
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Kirsanov, Vladimir V., Andrey Y. Izmaylov, Yakov P. Lobachevsky, Oksana A. Tareeva, Sergey N. Strebulyaev und Roman F. Filonov. „Models and Algorithms of Adaptive Animal Flow Control in Rotary Milking Parlors“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, Nr. 6 (2019): 1465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967061465.
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The study addresses the influence of milking duration of individual cows on the performance of conveyor-like rotary milking parlors and seeks to optimize their operation parameters and operating modes. The observational experiment was conducted in the Zhdanovsky Farm in Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia. The dairy farm had a herd of 600 cows, divided into 10 groups by physiological characters and milk yield, and operated a 36 point milking parlor. Distribution of milking time of individual cows was studied using statistical analysis methods. The cyclogram of parlor operation and the functional connection of main parameters were analyzed using Maple analytical computing system, including its standard libraries and functions. The trends in idle time, which occurs due to undermilking of animals in one turn of the parlor, were studied. The idle time can result in overestimation of the number of stalls or decrease in the nameplate performance of the milking parlor by 30–40% from 120 to 93 cows per hour. Mathematical models, taking into account the influence of the milking time of individual animals (2 to 17 minutes) on the parameters of parlor operation, were developed. The algorithms of adaptive control over the rotational speed were proposed to minimize idle time in parlor operation and maintain the nameplate performance. The mathematical models, control algorithms and developed software can serves as a scientific basis for new designs of high-performance rotary milking parlors.
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Yang, Hong An, Jin Yuan Li und Liang Liang Qi. „An Improved Genetic Algorithm For Just-In-Time Job-Shop Scheduling Problem“. Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (Februar 2012): 2462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2462.
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This paper studies a just-in-time job-shop scheduling problem (JITJSSP) in which each operation has an earliness cost or a tardiness cost if it is completed before or after its due date and the objective function is to minimize the total earliness and tardiness costs of all operations. In order to solve this problem, an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is introduced in this paper. IGA utilizes an operation-based scheme to represent schedules as chromosomes. Then, each chromosome is processed through a three-stage mechanism. Firstly, the semi-active decoding process is employed to expand the search space of solutions and guarantee comprehensive solutions. Secondly, the greedy insertion mechanism for tardy operations is executed to move the tardy operations left to the appropriate idle time to reduce the tardiness costs. Finally, the greedy insertion mechanism for early operations is proposed to shift the early operations right to the suitable idle time to decrease the earliness costs. After the maximum number of generations is reached, IGA continues with selection, crossover and mutation. The experimental results finally show that most of solutions on the benchmarks are improved by our algorithm.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Idle operation"
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Luedtke, Elin. „Minimizing Transformer No-Load Losses at Hydropower Plants : A Study of Effects from Transformer Switch-Off During Stand-by Operation“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447635.
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Hydropower is the most important power balancing resource in the Swedish electrical power system, regulating the power supply to match the load. Consequently, several hydropower plants have periods of stand-by operation where the power production is absent but where several devices within a plant are still active. Such a device is the step-up power transformer, which during stand-by operation still generates no-load energy losses. These losses can accumulate to a considerable amount of energy and costs during the long technical lifetime of the apparatus. One option to minimize these no-load energy losses is by turning the transformer off when its generating unit is in stand-by operation. However, when this transformer operational change has been explained to experts in the field, the most common response has been that a more frequent reenergizing of a transformer leads to higher risks for errors or transformer breakdowns. This study aimed to analytically investigate three effects from this operational change. First, the potential of fatigue failure for the windings due to the increased sequences of inrush current. Secondly, the thermal cycling as a consequence of change in present losses. Lastly, the energy and economic saving potentials for hydropower plants where this operational adjustment is applied. The study used both established as well as analytical tools explicitly created for this study. These were then applied on currently active transformers in different plant categories in Fortum’s hydropower fleet. The study primarily showed three things. Firstly, risk of fatigue failure due to the increased presence of inrush currents did not affect the transformer’s technical lifetime. Secondly, the thermal cycling changes were slightly larger with absent no-load losses during stand-by operation. The average temperature for the transformer decreased, which in general is seen as a positive indicator for a longer insulation lifetime and thus the transformer’s technical lifetime. Finally, the created frameworks showed the potential of saving energy and money for all plant categories, where the potential grew with the installed production capacity and the stand-by operation timeshare. Despite the simplifications made to describe the complex reality of a transformer operating in a hydropower plant, this thesis contributes to lay a foundation for future investigation of an easy adjustment to avoid unnecessary energy losses and costs for transformers in hydropower plants.
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Ketterer, Justin Edward. „Soot formation in direct injection spark ignition engines under cold-idle operating conditions“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85538.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 167-175).
Direct injection spark ignition engines are growing rapidly in popularity, largely due to the fuel efficiency improvements in the turbo-downsized engine configuration that are enabled by direct injection technology. Unfortunately, direct injection spark ignition engines also emit higher concentrations of particulate matter than conventional port fuel injected engines. In light of evidence linking particulate matter to adverse human health impacts, particulate emissions standards have been strengthened in both the United States and in Europe. A great deal of research seeking particulate emissions reductions is ongoing. This study contributes to this body of research by offering a refined explanation of the soot formation process in direct injection engines under cold-idle operating conditions. A number of engine and rapid compression machine experiments were conducted in order to understand the impacts of engine operating conditions and fuel composition on particulate matter emissions. Using these data, a conceptual model describing the formation of soot in direct injection engines is outlined. This model suggests that soot forms after the main combustion event in fuel vapour plumes surrounding liquid fuel films on cylinder surfaces through pyrolytic reactions enabled by heat transfer from burned gases from the primary combustion event.
by Justin Edward Ketterer.
Ph. D.
3
Hinze, Peter C. (Peter Christopher). „Cycle-to-cycle combustion variations in a spark-ignition engine operating at idle“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10243.
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Aigner, Ronald. „Communication in Microkernel-Based Operating Systems“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-68373.
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Communication in microkernel-based systems is much more frequent than system calls known from monolithic kernels. This can be attributed to the placement of system services into their own protection domains. Communication has to be fast to avoid unnecessary overhead. Also, communication channels in microkernel-based systems are used for more than just remote procedure calls. In distributed systems, which also have a componentized design, it is state of the art to use tools to generate stubs for the communication between components. The communication interfaces of components are described in an interface definition language (IDL). In contrast to distributed systems, components of a microkernel-based system run on the same architecture and message delivery is guaranteed.
In this Thesis, I explore the different kinds of communication, which can be used in microkernel-based systems, as well as their possible representation in IDL. Specifically, I introduce the syntax to describe kernel objects in IDL. I discuss the complexity of IDL compilers and its relation to the complexity of the IDL. Furthermore, I evaluate the performance of the communication stubs generated by different IDL compilers and discuss techniques to minimize performance overhead in generated stubs. I validated these techniques by implementing the Drops IDL Compiler - Dice. Finally, this Thesis presents a mechanism to measure the frequency and performance of invocations of generated communication code. I used this technique to conduct measurements in highly complex systems and introducing the least possible overhead.
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Vinay, Kumar Nerella V. „An Analysis on Vehicular Exhaust Emissions from Transit Buses Running on Biodiesel Blends“. University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271886446.
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Kader, Michael Kirk. „Study of Oil Degradation in Extended Idle Operation Heavy Duty Vehicles“. Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149263.
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Advances in engine oil technology and increased combustion efficiency has resulted in the longer oil intervals in vehicles. Current oil change interval practice only takes into account the mileage a vehicle has driven and does not consider other vehicle operations that affect oil life like extended idle. Routine oil sampling is one way to ensure optimal oil intervals, but the price continuous analysis can be prohibitive. It is possible to use on board diagnostic (OBD) data to correlate oil degradation to engine usage in order to develop an algorithm that is applicable to many vehicles. While much research has been conducted for light duty vehicles, little has been completed for heavy duty vehicles, in particular vehicles that idle a majority of their time.
This study uses multiple heavy duty vehicles that are monitored by monthly routine oil analysis and logging of on board diagnostic data to determine the effects extended idle has on the wear rate of oil. The vehicles were used in their normal operation; this resulted in an average idle run time of 60% of run time and no less than 50% in a single vehicle. At each sample the quality of the oil and the operation of the engines were assessed.
The results of the oil analysis showed very little degradation of oil. As expected, a negative correlation was seen in viscosity and total base number (TBN) but not abnormal when compared to base oil. Significant degradation was not seen even after using the vehicle passed the manufacturer recommended oil intervals.
Analysis of engine operation showed that the temperature of the oil was optimal for 85% of idle operation. In addition, oil pressures at idle were sufficiently higher than the minimum pressure recommended by the manufacturer, but was less than half of the average in use oil pressure. The combination of low pressure and optimal temperature has resulted in little oil degradation.
The results from the study have shown that extended idling in the study vehicles can be treated similar to long trip interval service for oil degradation. Additionally, extended idling did not result in abnormal engine wear or excessive contamination.
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(6787271), Kalen Vos. „Utilizing Valvetrain Flexibility to Influence Gas Exchange and Reduce Reliance on Exhaust Manifold Pressure Control for Efficient Diesel Engine Operation“. Thesis, 2019.
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Environmental health awareness has elevated in recent years alongside the evidence that supports the need to mitigate harmful greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
from non-renewable energy resources. The transportation sector alone significantly
contributes to the pollutants on a global scale. Although it is commonly used for
its superior energy-density and fuel efficiency, diesel engines are a significant portion
of the transportation sector that contributes to these pollutants. As a result, this
motivates novel research to simultaneously drive fuel efficiency improvements and
emissions reductions. The aftertreatment system for a diesel engine is critical in reducing the amount of
harmful tailpipe emissions. Efficient operation of these aftertreatment systems generally requires elevated temperatures of 250◦C or above. In this effort, a flexible valvetrain will be utilized to demonstrate fuel-efficient strategies via intake valve closure
(IVC) modulation at elevated speeds and loads. In addition, thermal management
strategies will be demonstrated at low-to-moderate loads via cylinder deactivation
(CDA), cylinder cutout, exhaust valve opening (EVO) modulation, and high-speed
idle operation.
At elevated engine speeds, late intake valve closure (LIVC) enables improved
cylinder filling via a dynamic charging effect. It is experimentally and analytically
demonstrated that LIVC at 2200 RPM and 7.6 bar to 12.7 bar BMEP can be used to
increase the volumetric efficiency and enable higher exhaust gas recirculation fractions
without penalizing the air-to-fuel ratio. As a result, efficiency improving injection advances are implemented to achieve 1.2% and 1.9% fuel savings without sacrificing NOx penalties. In order to implement the LIVC benefits on a cammed engine,
production-viable valve profile solutions were investigated. It is demonstrated that
lost-motion-enabled and/or added-motion-enabled boot shape profiles are capable of
improving volumetric efficiency at elevated engine speeds and loads. These profiles
were also considered for one (of two) -valve modulation and two-valve modulation.
Nearly 95% of the volumetric efficiency benefits are possible using production-viable
boot or phase profiles, while 80% of the benefits are possible for single-valve modulation.
At curb idle, CDA and cylinder cutout operation realize stay-warm aftertreatment
thermal management improvements by leveraging their impact on the gas exchange
process. Specifically, cylinder cutout demonstrates 17% fuel savings, while CDA
demonstrates 40% fuel savings, over the conventional six-cylinder thermal calibration. Additionally, the performance of cylinder cutout is subject to the geometry of
the exhaust manifold, location of the EGR loop, and ability to control the exhaust
manifold pressure.
Elevating the idle speed, while maintaining the same idle load, enables improved
aftertreatment warm-up performance with engine-out NOx and PM levels no higher
than a state-of-the-art thermal calibration at conventional idle operation. Elevated
idle speeds of 1000RPM and 1200 RPM, compared to conventional idle at 800 RPM,
realized 31% to 51% increase in exhaust flow and 25◦C to 40◦C increase in engine-out
temperature, respectively. Additional engine-out temperature benefits are experimentally demonstrated at all three idle speeds considered (800, 1000, and 1200 RPM),
without compromising the exhaust flow rates or emissions, by modulating the EVO
timing.
At low-to-moderate loads modern diesel engines manipulate exhaust manifold
pressures to drive EGR and thermally manage the aftertreatment. In these engines
exhaust manifold pressure control is typically achieved via either a valve after the turbine, a variable geometry turbine, or wastegating. It is experimentally demonstrated that valvetrain flexibility enables efficient engine and aftertreatment operation without requiring exhaust manifold pressure control. Specifically, IVC modulation and
CDA at elevated engine speeds, along with EVO modulation, CDA, and internal EGR
at low engine speeds can match, or improve, efficiency and thermal management performance compared to a stock thermal calibration that requires exhaust manifold
pressure control.
8
Huang, Hong-Hu, und 黃弘湖. „The Influence of Operating Cash and Idle Cash on Corporate Performance“. Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28602963996477882249.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理科學系所
104
There are many kinds of reason for companies to hold the cash. According to Keynes’s research, corporates have three motives to hold cash asset, (1) transaction-motive (2) precautionary-motive (3) speculative-motive. And then, we can distribute cash into operating-cash and idle-cash. Operating cash is used to satisfy the cash demand in corporate’s daily business, it is for the motive of transaction. Idle cash is for precautionary-motive and speculative-motive. Cash is an important asset, but it is non-profitable asset for company. If firms hold too much cash, it will cause the operating performance inefficiently. In order to find the relationship between cash and operating performance, we separate the cash into operating-cash and idle-cash by three different ways, including 1) 2% of sales 2) operating cycle 3) cash cycle. In the sequence, we found that if the companies hold more idle-cash, the ROE and ROA of companies will be significant lower. And the idle-cash has significantly negative impact to company’s operating performance in technology industry, but it doesn’t exist in traditional industry. And, the impact of idle cash to operating performance does not have difference in big asset size companies and small asset size companies. Also, we found that if the company’s holding cash didn’t satisfy the predicted operating-cash, the operating performance will be significant lower than the companies who have enough cash for operating.
9
Aigner, Ronald. „Communication in Microkernel-Based Operating Systems“. Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25572.
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Communication in microkernel-based systems is much more frequent than system calls known from monolithic kernels. This can be attributed to the placement of system services into their own protection domains. Communication has to be fast to avoid unnecessary overhead. Also, communication channels in microkernel-based systems are used for more than just remote procedure calls. In distributed systems, which also have a componentized design, it is state of the art to use tools to generate stubs for the communication between components. The communication interfaces of components are described in an interface definition language (IDL). In contrast to distributed systems, components of a microkernel-based system run on the same architecture and message delivery is guaranteed.
In this Thesis, I explore the different kinds of communication, which can be used in microkernel-based systems, as well as their possible representation in IDL. Specifically, I introduce the syntax to describe kernel objects in IDL. I discuss the complexity of IDL compilers and its relation to the complexity of the IDL. Furthermore, I evaluate the performance of the communication stubs generated by different IDL compilers and discuss techniques to minimize performance overhead in generated stubs. I validated these techniques by implementing the Drops IDL Compiler - Dice. Finally, this Thesis presents a mechanism to measure the frequency and performance of invocations of generated communication code. I used this technique to conduct measurements in highly complex systems and introducing the least possible overhead.
10
Chen, Pao-yun, und 陳寶雲. „A Study of the Operation Outsourcing of the Idled Public Buildings—Taking the Taichung Mayor's House and the Fun-Sound Station as Examples“. Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64382374172904468272.
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碩士南華大學
美學與視覺藝術學系碩士班
97
The regeneration of idled urban places has become an increasingly important approach of urban planning throughout the world. Thus these places will be reconsidered under a larger urban framework in regard to their functions, utilities, sustainability as well as the meanings of their regeneration. Due to the limitations of the government budgets and human resource, and the purposes of assuring high quality and efficient management, outsourcing their operation to private enterprises is considered a more practical way to avoid managerial failure and resulting in their idleness once again. This study has thoroughly explored all the difficulties faced by the current management teams of the Taichung Mayor’s House and the Taichung Fun-Sound Station. Both places are used as art spaces consisting of a gallery, a café or a souvenir shop. This study finds that the problems of their operation including: . The previous investigation of feasibility and management proposals have never been appropriately referred or embodied. .The government failed to conduct a financial evaluation before outsourcing. . The policy of outsourcing is ambiguous without clear goals. . The selection procedure of operative team is not clearly set up. . Conflicts might rise between the government and the entrusted enterprises regarding cultural service and commercial interests. . The supervising machination by the government is incomplete. . The consensus between the public sector and the private sector is uneasy to be achieved. . The historical characteristics of these places are often ignored by the management teams. . The manpower of the relevant business in the public sector is unstable. Outsourcing the operation of these places should not be deemed as responsibility transfer but the collaboration between the government and private enterprises aiming to create a more diversified environment for cultural events. This study suggests the government to conduct thorough investigation to set up goals before outsourcing in order to select qualified teams. This study also suggests the government to: . Draft comprehensive and fair contracts for outsourcing, . Improve the existing supervising system, . Increase the possibilities and enlarge the scope of operation, . Promote the preservation of historical assets, . Strengthen the tie between the public and private sectors, . Initiate exchange between places with outsourced management, . Establish standard of procedure of outsourcing, and . Cultivate professional human resources.
Bücher zum Thema "Idle operation"
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Dolcini, Alteo. Agriturismo, una scelta possibile: La legge, le idee, le proposte operative per aiutare l'agricoltore a diventare operatore agrituristico. Bologna: Edagricole, 1992.
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2
Sampo, Ahto, Germany (West) Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt und Internationale Fachtagung für Wehrgeschichte Aspekten Operativen Denkens (1988 : Bonn, Germany?), Hrsg. Die Operative Idee und ihre Grundlagen: Ausgewählte Operationen des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Herford: E.S. Mittler, 1989.
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3
Bacha, Carlos José Caetano. The Agricultural Sector. Herausgegeben von Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni und Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.13.
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This chapter analyzes the evolution of agriculture in Brazil from the early sixteenth century until the second decade of the twenty-first century. It focuses on seven domestic and external conditioning factors that have stimulated and supported the sector’s expansion in Brazil. These factors and the way that they have impacted agricultural expansion and will continue to drive Brazil’s agricultural sector for at least the next two decades. Given the availability of fallow arable land, at current productivity levels, this idle area could be used to double crop production. The transference of road operation to the regulated private sector will lead to improved road surfaces and maintenance, thereby facilitating the transportation of agricultural production to exporting ports. The reduction of agricultural sector subsidies and the increased forest conservation efforts by the European Union should improve Brazilian agriculture’s competitive position in many foreign markets currently served by EU farmers. The increasing share of Brazil’s agricultural production sold in world markets makes the country’s agricultural sector more vulnerable than ever to uncontrollable outside forces. World economic growth, especially that of China and the European countries, is a necessity if the Brazilian agricultural sector is to continue expanding and improving efficiencies. Most Brazilian agricultural inputs continue to be produced by foreign companies or their Brazilian subsidiaries. These overseas entities are a very strong force in the domestic inputs market and represent another uncontrollable factor that affects local farmers’ earnings and Brazil’s balance of trade.
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Chiappi, Roberto. Problem Solving nelle organizzazioni: idee, metodi e strumenti da Mosè a Mintzberg: Piccola antologia filosofica per managers e project managers. Springer, 2005.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Idle operation"
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Thabet, Mohamad, David Sanders und Nils Bausch. „Detection of Patterns in Pressure Signal of Compressed Air System Using Wavelet Transform“. In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 61–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_8.
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AbstractThis paper investigates detecting patterns in the pressure signal of a compressed air system (CAS) with a load/unload control using a wavelet transform. The pressure signal of a CAS carries useful information about operational events. These events form patterns that can be used as ‘signatures’ for event detection. Such patterns are not always apparent in the time domain and hence the signal was transformed to the time-frequency domain. Three different CAS operating modes were considered: idle, tool activation and faulty. The wavelet transforms of the CAS pressure signal reveal unique features to identify events within each mode. Future work will investigate creating machine learning tools for that utilize these features for fault detection in CAS.
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Mustaffa, Nur Kamaliah, und Mohd Feisal Hafiz Abdul Aziz. „Minimizing Emissions and Cost Through Reducing Equipment Idle Time in Concreting Operations“. In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 139–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1910-9_12.
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Chetouane, Fatah, und Eman Ibraheem. „Surgery Operations Modeling and Scheduling in Healthcare Systems“. In Effective Methods for Modern Healthcare Service Quality and Evaluation, 90–108. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9961-8.ch005.
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Surgery operations scheduling is a complex task due to operation duration uncertainties and resource sharing and availabilities in healthcare processes. In current health care systems it is important to minimize staff idle time and maintain a high utilization rate for surgery facilities. In the present study a nonlinear mathematical model for surgery scheduling is described, and an approximated linear model is deduced based on a set of assumptions. The linear model is solved using heuristic approach. The objective is to maximize the utilization of operating rooms and the surgery staff. Computational results show that our model improved the surgery schedule and the resources utilization. Our model also showed the potential of adding cases to the schedule due to minimizing the completion time of the schedule.
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Chetouane, Fatah, und Eman Ibraheem. „Surgery Operations Modeling and Scheduling in Healthcare Systems“. In Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine, 352–66. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2451-0.ch018.
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Surgery operations scheduling is a complex task due to operation duration uncertainties and resource sharing and availabilities in healthcare processes. In current health care systems it is important to minimize staff idle time and maintain a high utilization rate for surgery facilities. In the present study a nonlinear mathematical model for surgery scheduling is described, and an approximated linear model is deduced based on a set of assumptions. The linear model is solved using heuristic approach. The objective is to maximize the utilization of operating rooms and the surgery staff. Computational results show that our model improved the surgery schedule and the resources utilization. Our model also showed the potential of adding cases to the schedule due to minimizing the completion time of the schedule.
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Khatun, Sabira, Rashid A. Saeed, Nor Kamariah Nordin und Borhanuddin Mohd Ali. „Ultra-Wideband Solutions for Last Mile Access Network“. In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1443–52. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch195.
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Ultra-wideband (UWB) is an alternative wireless communications technology that offers high bandwidth wireless communications without the constraints of spectrum allocation. Fundamentally different from conventional radio frequency communications, UWB relies on a series of narrow, precisely timed pulses to transmit digital data. Transmitters and receivers that use UWB can be much simpler to build than their conventional counterparts, resulting in lower cost and higher power efficiency. Moreover, the inherent properties of UWB emissions allow them to potentially coexist with conventional wireless systems on a noninterfering basis. In April 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released UWB emission masks and introduced the concept of coexistence with traditional and protected radio services in the frequency spectrum, which allows the operation of UWB systems mainly in the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz band, limiting the power level emission to -41dBm/MHz. Within the power limit allowed under the current FCC regulations, Ultra-wideband can not only carry huge amounts of data over a shortto- medium distance at very low power (this range can be extended by using ad-hoc or mesh networks), but it also has the ability to carry signals through doors and other obstacles that tend to reflect signals at more limited bandwidths and a higher power (Reed, 2005). At higher power levels, UWB signals can travel to significantly greater ranges. In March 2005, the FCC granted the waiver request, filed by the multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) alliance (MBOA), in which it approved the change in measurement for the all UWB technologies (neutral approach) (Barret, 2005). The FCC’s waiver grants effectively removes the previous transmit power penalties for both frequency-hopping (OFDM) and gated UWB technologies (TH and DS). Hence, they are allowed to transmit at higher power levels and then become idle for some time, as long as they meet the limits for average power density. This new rules allow those technologies to achieve up to four times better performance and double the range.
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Banerjee, Anuradha. „Fuzzy-Controlled Energy-Conservation Technique (FET) for Mobile ad hoc Networks“. In Handbook of Research on Computational Intelligence for Engineering, Science, and Business, 556–70. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2518-1.ch021.
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Nodes in ad hoc networks have limited battery power; hence, they require energy efficient techniques to improve average node lifetime and network performance. Maintaining energy efficiency in network communication is really challenging because highest energy efficiency is achieved if all the nodes are switched off and maximum network throughput is obtained if all the nodes are fully operational, i.e. always turned on. A promising energy conservation technique for the ad hoc networks must maintain effective packet forwarding capacity while turning off the network interface of very busy nodes for some time and redirecting the traffic through some comparatively idle nodes roaming around them. This also helps in fair load distribution in the network and maintenance of network connectivity by reducing the death rate (complete exhaustion of nodes). The present chapter proposes a fuzzy-controlled energy conservation technique (FET) that identifies the busy and idle nodes to canalize some traffic of busy nodes through the idle ones. In simulation section, the FET embedded versions of several state-of-the-art routing protocols in ad hoc networks are compared with their ordinary versions and the results quite emphatically establish the superiority of FET-embedded versions in terms of packet delivery ratio, message cost, and network energy consumption. End-to-end delay also reduces significantly.
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Patra, Sudhansu Shekhar, Veena Goswami und G. B. Mund. „Performance Evaluation of Cloud Systems by Switching the Virtual Machines Power Mode Between the Sleep Mode and Active Mode“. In Handbook of Research on Developments and Trends in Industrial and Materials Engineering, 145–68. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1831-1.ch007.
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Data centers are cost-effective infrastructures for storing large volumes of data and hosting large scale service applications. Cloud computing service providers are rapidly deploying data centers across the world with a huge number of servers and switches. These data centers consume significant amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs. In this chapter, we study energy savings of data centers by consolidation and switching off of those virtual machines which are not in use. According to this policy, c virtual machines continue serving the customer until the number of idle servers attains the threshold level d; then d idle servers take synchronous vacation simultaneously, otherwise these servers begin serving the customers. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model for the data center management in particular, to quantify theoretically the tradeoff between the conflicting aims of energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements specified by cloud tenants.
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Topal, Ayşe, Ali Aygün Yürüyen, Alptekin Ulutaş, Darjan Karabasevic und Çağatay Karaköy. „Criteria for Selection of Transportation Vehicles According to Cargo Companies Using Fuzzy Methods“. In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 214–31. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8040-0.ch010.
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Freight transportation is one of the most important and costly operations in logistics as economy and society are significantly depended on freight transportation for the sustainability of life. Vehicle selection in freight transportation is a crucial and strategic decision as it requires high investments, and if the desired performance cannot be achieved from these vehicles, which were bought at a high expense, they would inevitably be idle. Vehicle selection problem in logistics is essentially a multi-criteria decision problem as it consists of several criteria, some conflicting with each other. The aim of this research is to find out which criteria freight companies value the most when assessing and selecting the vehicles they use on the road by using fuzzy BWM and fuzzy SWARA methods. Since the number of studies using fuzzy BWM and fuzzy SWARA is low in the literature and there are few studies in the literature related to transportation vehicle selection in the logistics, this study will contribute to the literature.
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Cruz-Reyes, Laura, Arturo Lam Alvarez, Marcela Quiroz-Castellanos, Claudia Gómez, Nelson Rangel Valdez, Guadalupe Castilla Valdez und Javier Gonzalez Barbosa. „A Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm for the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem“. In Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations, 238–56. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9779-9.ch012.
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This chapter presents a novel hybrid algorithm for the quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP). QCSP consists of scheduling a sequence of unloading and loading movements for cranes assigned to a vessel, minimizing the total completion time of all the tasks. The proposed algorithm integrates two well-known metaheuristics: Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure and Ant Colony System; it also incorporates a repositioning strategy of idle cranes to reduce the interference generated by the quay cranes. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to find quality solutions in short times. In experiments reported in the literature with crafted instances of QCSP, heuristic running time varies from seconds in small instances to hours in instances of medium size. Currently, the industry requirements are up to a maximum of approximately five minutes. The hybrid algorithm presented in this chapter allows addressing these requirements, by finding good quality solutions in significantly shorter time for larger problems, which represents an advantage in real environments.
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Kaymaz, Volkan. „Regulated Sharing Economy in the New Normal“. In Socio-Economic Effects and Recovery Efforts for the Rental Industry, 1–19. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7287-0.ch001.
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The sharing economy developed rapidly with the increase in consumption expenditures in a period when low interest rates and access to credit were easy before the 2008 Financial Crisis and entered into serious competition with companies operating in the traditional economy. The use of sharing economy tools has increased as a result of sustainability, environmentalism, desire for new experiences, local tourism, and authentic searches. The sharing economy, whose main motivation is to reintroduce idle products to the market, has changed its priorities over time and turned into a profit-oriented structure, and large companies increased their revenues by increasing the number of users. The criticisms emerging as a result of employment losses, reservation cancellations, reimbursement requests, lack of social security of employees, and therefore not being able to benefit from COVID-19 aids have revealed the missing parts of the sharing economy.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Idle operation"
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Zhai, Shuang, Fengxiang Chen und Su Zhou. „Optimization of Idle Operation for PEMFC Vehicles“. In 2010 WASE International Conference on Information Engineering (ICIE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icie.2010.256.
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Jin, Sunggeun, Kwanghun Han und Sunghyun Choi. „A Novel Idle Mode Operation in IEEE 802.11 WLANs“. In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2006.255403.
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Jin, Sunggeun, Kwanghun Han und Sunghyun Choi. „A novel idle mode operation in IEEE 802.11 WLANs“. In the 4th international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1161023.1161035.
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Li, Hu, Mohamed A. Altaher, Chris Wilson, Simon Blakey und Winson Chung. „Influence of Fuel Composition, Engine Power and Operation Mode on Exhaust Gas Particulate Size Distribution and Gaseous Emissions From a Gas Turbine Engine“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94854.
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The impact of fuel composition, engine power (idle and full power) and operation mode (cold and hot idle) on the gaseous emissions, particle number and mass concentrations and size distributions from an aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) was investigated. A re-commissioned Artouste MK113 APU engine was used. The engine was run at three operational modes: i.e. approximately 6 minutes at idle (cold idle) after stabilized from start, 6 minutes at full power and then returning to idle again (hot idle) for 6 minutes. All operating parameters of the engine were monitored and recorded. The engine exhaust particle measurements and gaseous emissions were taken at three operating modes. Five alternative fuels/blending components were tested and compared to neat conventional JetA1 fuel either in pure or blended forms. These fuels varied in their compositions in terms of H/C ratio, density and other properties. A Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) with a Nano-Differential Mobility Analyzer (NDMA) was used to determine the number and mass concentration and size distribution of engine exhaust in the size range from 5 nm to 160 nm. The influence of fuel elemental ratio (H/C), engine power and cold/hot operation on particle number and mass size distribution was investigated. The results show that there was a good correlation between fuels H/C ratio and particle concentrations, particle size and distributions characteristics. The engine at hot idle produced ∼20% less particles compare to the results at cold idle. The alternative fuel blends produced less particles than JetA1 fuel. The testing fuels produced similar levels of NOx, slight reductions in CO and remarkable reductions in UHC compared to JetA1.
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KANIC, P., und T. KMIEC. „Oxidizer heat exchangers for rocket engine operation in idle modes“. In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2117.
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Ciocarlie, Horia, Florica Balog, Gheza-Mihai Erdodi und Doru-Ionut Petrescu. „Peak energy determination by a sample at idle mode operation“. In 2014 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saci.2014.6840080.
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Li, Zhipeng, Xi Wang, Wei Dang und Yulin Shi. „Research on control law for a sub-idle engine operation“. In 2015 12th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ibcast.2015.7058491.
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Sukhovii, Sergii I., Feliks F. Sirenko, Sergiy V. Yepifanov und Igor Loboda. „Alternative Method to Simulate a Sub-Idle Engine Operation in Order to Synthesize Its Control System“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25960.
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The steady-state and transient engine performances of gas turbine control system development are usually evaluated by applying full thermodynamic engine models. Most models only address the operating range between the idle and maximum power points, but more recently, they also address a sub-idle operating range. The lack of information about the component maps at the sub-idle modes creates major challenges for the starting system and control system designers. A common method to cope with the problem extrapolates the performances of the engine components to the sub-idle operation range. Precise extrapolation is a challenge to be studied by many scientists. As a rule, many scientists are only concerned about particular aspects of the problem such as the lighting combustion chamber or the turbine operation under the turned-off conditions of the combustion chamber. However, there are no known reports about a model that considers all of these mentioned aspects and simulates the engine starting. To synthesize a thermodynamic model of starting, most known methods require the performance of the components in the sub-idle range. The proposed paper addresses a new method that simulates the engine starting. The method substitutes the non-linear thermodynamic model with a linear dynamic model, which is supplemented with a simplified static model. The latter model is the set of direct relations between parameters that are used in the control algorithms instead of commonly used component performances. Specifically, the static model consists of simplified relations between the gas path parameters and the corrected rotational speed. The paper also describes an algorithm for model synthesis and its practical application to real data.
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Wendeker, Miroslaw, und Jacek Czarnigowski. „Adaptive Control of the Idle Speed“. In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0646.
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Idle speed control of an spark ignition automotive engine based on adaptive techniques has been presented. In the paper the ignition advance control was activated to stabilise the idle speed. The adaptation of the spark advance angle requires defining an adaptive coefficient, which is a compromise between operation speed and estimation accuracy. The adaptive coefficient design was evaluated through engine testing, and the performance was compared with an up-to-date tuned PID controller. The success of the adaptive controller was demonstrated in engine testing. The controller tracks not only the set point speed but also shows robustness to the load torque disturbances.
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Narayanan, Vimala, und Kishore Prasad Deshkulkarni. „Review: Sub-Idle Performance of Aero Gas Turbine Engine“. In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4609.
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Attaining the design point of any mechanism necessitates undergoing the initial processes satisfactorily. Gas turbine engines used on land, air and water also undergo the initial starting process with the help of external sources. A typical operation cycle of a gas turbine engine consists of zero to idle speed, idle to max speed and max speed to full reheat, the latter being the case for military engine application. It is found that gas turbine engine performance prediction has improved with the usage of computers where the physics of engine behaviour are mathematically coded. The performance prediction software also helps in designing the control systems which governs the engine response to throttle inputs, define the safe operational limits and provide a trouble free automated engine operation during the entire mission. This paper gives an overview of the experimental research work undertaken on compressor and combustor components and engine to improve upon the starting phenomenon since 1950s. The review also looks into the theoretical work undertaken to model the starting process that may help reducing the expensive and time-consuming testing of developmental engine.