Dissertationen zum Thema „Hydroxides Doubles Lamellaires“
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Drici, Nawal. „Hydroxydes doubles lamellaires, synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew layered double hydroxides (LDHs) CoFe-Ac, CoNiFe-Ac, ZnNiFe-Ac and ZnCoFe-Acwith MII/MIII molar ratio of 3, and acetate ions in the interlayer region have been preparedusing forced hydrolysis of acetate metallic salts in a polyol medium. The structure,morphology and properties of as-prepared product were investigated by X-ray Diffraction(XRD), FT-IR Spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis (DTA, TGA) and V-visibleSpectroscopy: showed that these nanocomposites present the typical features of hydrotalcitelikestructure, exhibit a turbostratic character and the intercalation of acetate anions into theinterlayer domain has been successfully done, giving an interlayer spacing value of 12.70,12.47, 13.64 and 14.69 Å for CoFe-Ac, CoNiFe-Ac, ZnNiFe-Ac and ZnCoFe-Acrespectively.We can note that there is some difference between the interlayer spacing for all synthesizedphases. That can be explained by the arrangement of inserted species (anions + water) indifferent orientation in the interlayer domain.57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry allows concluding the presence of Fe3+ cations which occupyoctahedral sites and confirming the absence of Fe2+ in the as-prepared compounds.In order to check the capacity of our materials synthesized in polyol medium to exchange theacetate anions inserted in their interlamellar space, anionic exchange in aqueous medium waseffected for CoFe-Ac compound as à model of synthesized LDH. All the physicochemicalmethods of analysis (DRX, IR, ATD/ATG and elemental analysis) carried out on the materialCoFe- Ac /EC (exchanged). The comparison with a lamellar phase containing oFeCO3/Asynthesized in aqueous medium, show a layered double hydroxide compound with aturbostratic disorder, and a new interlamellar distance d003 = 7.67Å which correspondsperfectly with the presence of the carbonate anions and the water molecules in the interfeuilletfield.In the second part of this study, we are interested to examine the capacities of these kinds ofmaterials for the adsorption of an anion dye benzopurpurine-4B-. The adsorption of direct red2 by CoFe-Ac, CoNiFe-Ac LDHs has been examined in order to measure the capability ofthis new organic/inorganic nanomaterial to eliminate this highly toxic azoic class of anionicdyes from wastewater. The sorption capacities of LDHs for Benzopurpurine4B are also compared with those of other adsorbents : CoFe- Ac /Ec, CoFeCO3/A (synthesized in aqueous medium), Mg-Al-CO3/A and its calcined product at 500°C “Mg-Al-500”. The quantity of dye eliminated was found to depend on contact time, pH, initial concentration of dye and heating temperature. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° werecalculated to predict the nature of adsorption. Results suggested that the Benzopurpurine 4B adsorption on different compounds was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovitch’sequation and intra-particle diffusion models. Kinetic studies for all cases showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second order reaction. Studies revealed that intra-particle diffusion played an important role in the mechanism of dye adsorption by MgAl-500. Theequilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Elovitch, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson and Toth isotherm models. [...] Taking these results into account, we can conclude that prepared LDHs by forced hydrolysis in a polyol medium can be used successfully in the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions
Touati, Souad. „Elaboration d'aérogels d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires et de bionanocomposites à base d'alginate“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975932.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaour, Azzam. „Relation entre synthèse, microstructure et propriétés électrochimiques d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires (HDL)“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822128.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHallassi, Manel. „Elaboration, caractérisation et mesure d'activité catalytique et/ou photocatalytique sur des matériaux oxydes binaires et/ou ternaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBimetallic (NiM (M=Cr, Fe), ZnM (M=Cr, Fe)) and trimetallic (NiZnM (M=Cr, Fe)) double lamellar oxide (DLO) catalysts with nominal compositions of Ni/M = 2 or 3 and Ni+Zn/Fe and Ni+Zn/Cr = 3, respectively, were prepared from the double lamellar hydroxides (DLH) using the co-precipitation method. The structure, texture and reducibility of the obtained catalysts were monitored by several physicochemical techniques: XRD, Raman, BET, XPS, TPR and SEM-EDX. The catalytic properties were evaluated for the dry reforming of methane reaction (CH4 + CO2 à 2H2 + 2CO). The structural study by XRD and Raman shows that the hydrotalcite structure was present at room temperature and stable up to 250 °C. The interspaces decreased as the temperature increased, with a lattice parameter and interspaces of 3.018 Å and 7.017 Å, respectively. The solids decompose completely into oxide after calcination at 500 °C. NiO, ZnO and spinel phases (NiM2O4 and ZnM2O4 M = Cr or Fe) were observed in NiM, Zn (M = Cr, Fe) and Cr2O3 were detected for chromium formulations. The NiFe and ZnFe catalysts show low activity in the DRM reaction over the entire temperature range studied. In contrast, the Cr-containing systems showed interesting CH4 and CO2 conversions and excellent H2 selectivity at low reaction temperatures. CH4 and CO2 conversions of 18-20% with H2/CO of about 0.7 at temperatures as low as 500°C, but transient behavior and deactivation were observed at higher temperatures or at long reaction times. The sequence was attributed to the stabilization of Ni metal particles formed during the reduction of the NiO phase due to the presence of NiCr2O4, paving the way for the use of these materials in periodic or looping processes for low temperature methane reforming
Di, Bitetto Arnaud. „Étude structurale et dynamique d’hydroxydes doubles lamellaires : du matériau carbonaté aux hybrides organo-minéraux“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0191/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work is based on the synthesis and the characterization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by an approach combining vibrational spectroscopy, solid-state NMR and X-ray diffraction. The objectives include a description of the cations distribution in the layers, as well as a study of the structural and dynamic properties of the interlayer species. Investigations are mainly carried out for MgII/AlIII LDHs (ratio between 2 and 4) with an increased complexity of the intercalated species: from carbonate for which the materials have a preferential affinity, to other inorganic anions such as halides, perchlorate and nitrate, to finish with organo-mineral hybrids obtained by intercalation of organic anions/biomolecules (amino acids and cyclodextrins).The research carried out highlighted a local cationic order in the layers, preserved after anionic exchange. Furthermore, it has been possible to rationalize the behaviour of each anion in the interlayer space, which strongly depends on the layers charge density, as well as on the hydration state of the compounds. In particular, the coexistence between carbonate and hydrogenocarbonate anions in the interlayer space and their dynamic exchange with atmospheric carbon dioxide are revealed. On the other hand, a new interlayer dynamics probe by 27Al NMR is proposed. Finally, the step-by-step study of LDHs, first intercalating oxalate and then amino acids, allowed the transfer of the knowledge obtained for inorganic LDHs to organo-mineral hybrids. The manuscript ends with an application of cyclodextrins-containing hybrids for the treatment of water polluted with polycyclic organic compounds
Vialat, Pierre. „Composition, structure et comportement électrochimique d'Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires au cobalt : vers des applications en tant que matériaux d'électrodes“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22491/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLayered Double Hydroxides (LDH) are lamellar materials with strong potentiality for numerous fields of application, however, their insulating electric character limits the possibilities for electrochemical applications. It is thus necessary to investigate for ways to improve their conductive properties. In this purpose, three approaches were envisaged: - insertion of cations of 3d transition metals into the lamellar sheets, - insertion of redox mediators between the layers or - addition of electronic percolants in the system to obtain “electroactive” LDH. Even if the possibilities of combination of divalent and trivalent metal cations within the LDH layer are tunable, all the studies were centered on the role of an element mainly, the cobalt. The chemical compositions of materials as well as their physico-chemical properties, in terms of morphology and global and local structure, were then studied by coupling various analytical techniques before realizing the characterization of the electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These analyses then showed the application potentialities of certain type of LDH materials. The capacitive properties of CoIICoIII-CO3 phases were studied as supercapacitor electrode materials while the presence of a redox mediator as well as the immobilization properties for enzymes of the hybrid phase Co2Al-ABTS allowed constructing bioelectrodes potentially applicable in biofuel cell
Grosu, Elena-Florentina. „Layered double hydroxides and their composites : design, synthesis and specific applications“. Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExploring the nano scale features of the matter and combining together different materials, novel composites with enhanced features can be fabricated, for their further utilization in biomedicine, catalysis, engineering, electronics, biotechnology and others. The anionic clays, also called layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a category of hydrotalcite composites which possess high compositional variety, able to self-assembly. When used in presence of biological systems, they act as soft materials, with no significant effect over the constituent biomolecules. In this context, the thesis subject deals with the design of nanostructured composites LDHs type, for their further physicochemical characterization and utilization in photocatalysis, biomedicine and biochemistry. The first part of this work approaches the fabrication of self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) as Au, In, Ag, and Ga on ZnLDHs materials by using co-precipitation, followed by reconstruction or impregnation synthesis methods. The applied characterization techniques proved that the novel materials have a hydrotalcite structure, they are crystalline and after reconstruction, the initial structure is recovered. The nanomaterials NPs/LDHs showed high photo-response activity when irradiated under simulated solar light and they were able to photodegrade organic pollutants as phenol, p-nitorphenol, acetophenone and diclofenac. The enhancement of hybrids performance, compared with their parent materials, is a consequence of the formation of surface separation between dispersed NPs and clay surface, which leads to recombination rate decrease. The second part of this thesis investigates the interactions between the LDHs or Au/LDHs based materials and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The results proved that the LDHs products resulted after clay calcination at 550 °C are capable to immobilize the enzyme via adsorption, with layered structure reformation. The kinetic data showed that only the materials without AuNPs retain the enzyme activity, while those with AuNPs in their structure are enzymatically inactive. The concept of photo-enzymatic degradation of phenol under solar irradiation and in presence of HRP/LDH biohybrid was also confirmed. The result was expressed as the synergetic effect between the enzymatic and the photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that HRP can mediate the gold release from Au/LDH surface through HRP-AuNPs complex formation. In a separate study the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor was regenerated from NAD+ in presence of Au/LDH, solar light and using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as an electron mediator. At a pH value of 8, the NADH regeneration was total in a time interval of two hours. In the last section of this work, the interactions between Au/LDHs materials and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were investigated. The cytotoxicity data have been demonstrated that the LDHs materials had no significant influence over cells viability. Remarkably, the Au/LDHs formulations have shown that they can inhibit the HBV proliferation. The parent LDHs materials manifest a modest antiviral activity
Grosu, Elena-Florentina. „Layered double hydroxides and their composites : design, synthesis and specific applications“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExploring the nano scale features of the matter and combining together different materials, novel composites with enhanced features can be fabricated, for their further utilization in biomedicine, catalysis, engineering, electronics, biotechnology and others. The anionic clays, also called layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a category of hydrotalcite composites which possess high compositional variety, able to self-assembly. When used in presence of biological systems, they act as soft materials, with no significant effect over the constituent biomolecules. In this context, the thesis subject deals with the design of nanostructured composites LDHs type, for their further physicochemical characterization and utilization in photocatalysis, biomedicine and biochemistry. The first part of this work approaches the fabrication of self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) as Au, In, Ag, and Ga on ZnLDHs materials by using co-precipitation, followed by reconstruction or impregnation synthesis methods. The applied characterization techniques proved that the novel materials have a hydrotalcite structure, they are crystalline and after reconstruction, the initial structure is recovered. The nanomaterials NPs/LDHs showed high photo-response activity when irradiated under simulated solar light and they were able to photodegrade organic pollutants as phenol, p-nitorphenol, acetophenone and diclofenac. The enhancement of hybrids performance, compared with their parent materials, is a consequence of the formation of surface separation between dispersed NPs and clay surface, which leads to recombination rate decrease. The second part of this thesis investigates the interactions between the LDHs or Au/LDHs based materials and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The results proved that the LDHs products resulted after clay calcination at 550 °C are capable to immobilize the enzyme via adsorption, with layered structure reformation. The kinetic data showed that only the materials without AuNPs retain the enzyme activity, while those with AuNPs in their structure are enzymatically inactive. The concept of photo-enzymatic degradation of phenol under solar irradiation and in presence of HRP/LDH biohybrid was also confirmed. The result was expressed as the synergetic effect between the enzymatic and the photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that HRP can mediate the gold release from Au/LDH surface through HRP-AuNPs complex formation. In a separate study the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactor was regenerated from NAD+ in presence of Au/LDH, solar light and using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as an electron mediator. At a pH value of 8, the NADH regeneration was total in a time interval of two hours. In the last section of this work, the interactions between Au/LDHs materials and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were investigated. The cytotoxicity data have been demonstrated that the LDHs materials had no significant influence over cells viability. Remarkably, the Au/LDHs formulations have shown that they can inhibit the HBV proliferation. The parent LDHs materials manifest a modest antiviral activity
Grégoire, Brian. „Relation Composition-Structure des Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires : Effets de la charge du feuillet et de la nature de l'anion interfoliaire“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0154/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript is devoted to the comprehension of the relationship between the composition of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) and their structural properties. The first part of this manuscript is focalized on the formation and the structural properties of these materials. The influence of the cationic nature (MgII, NiII, CoII ; AlIII, FeIII) and their stoichiometries within the layer (MII/MIII E [2 ; 10]) constitutes the main axis of these investigations. The study of the hydrolytic behavior of a solution containing a mixture of divalent and trivalent cations as a function of their relative proportion allowed to propose a topotactic mechanism of formation of LDH phases. Moreover, it has been showed that the composition range is solely dependent on the nature of the cations. Thus, electrostatic models were designed to rationalize and predict the composition range as a function of the cationic nature. The second part is concerned with the properties of the interlayer domain. A joint study, coupling vibrational spectroscopies (Infrared and Raman) and X-ray diffraction allowed a detailed description of the influence of the cations and their stoichiometries on the organization of the interlayer anions (Cl-, CO32-, NO3-, ClO4-, aminoacids). The role of the interlayer water has also been investigated. Concerning hybrid organo-minerals, it has been showed that the layer charge dictates the orientation of the interlayered aminoacids, and consequently, their reactivity toward the formation of the peptide bonds. The enantioselective properties of the interlayer domain are highlighted toward the formation of peptides
Lainé, Maxime. „Etude du comportement de matériaux argileux sous rayonnement ionisant“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS192/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD thesis is to study and understand, by proposing reaction mechanisms, the behavior under irradiation of various clay materials. The systems of interest were first synthetic talc, which is the prototype of a non-swelling material. Under irradiation by accelerated electrons, the production of dihydrogen in this system, due solely to surface hydroxyl groups, is of the same order of magnitude as the one obtained in liquid water. This yield is divided by 30 in the case of natural talc from Luzenac, thus highlighting the importance of the impurities as scavengers of the precursors of dihydrogen. Synthetic smectites, which are swelling materials, were then studied.The results evidence the radiolysis of water confined in the interlayer space, leading to H2 yields which may be two to three times higher than those measured in water. Moreover, they are similar for montmorillonite and saponite, evidencing that the charge location plays only a minor role. Finally, the study of double layered hydroxides or anionic clays shows that, in this case, the nature of the anion in the interlamellar space controls the reactivity. Parallel to these measurements, electron paramagnetic spectroscopy experiments have enabled proposing reaction mechanisms. Finally, all these results are of interest in the context of the disposal of radioactive waste
Polexe, Ramona Cristina. „Développement et caractérisation de nouveaux systèmes hybrides inorganique/organique pour la formulation de principes actifs“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20144/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work involves the preparation and the characterization of new inorganic/ organic hybrids materials as drug delivery systems. These materials are composed of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and phospholipids (PL) or layered double hydroxide and chitosan. The layered double hydroxide/phospholipids hybrids materials were obtained by anionic exchange between the anions from the HDL layers and the liposome composed of phospholipids with negative charges. Different analysis were used such as XRD, TGA, TEM and fluorescence for the characterization of these materials and the determination of parameters such as the nature of the LDH anions nature, the kind of phospholipids as well the ratio of used model drug (17ƒÒ-estradiol) allowing the optimal method. Release kinetic studies of the phospholipids and of the drug were carried out in different release media (pH, nature of ions) to evaluate the potential sustained release properties of these hybrid materials. Layered double hydroxide/chitosan beads were developed by a sol-gel process. Chitosan was chosen for its muco-adhesive properties permitting to broaden the possibility of pharmaceutical applications. This method allowed us to improve the morphology and the texture of the material by controlling the viscosity and the drying process. Materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM to determine: the presence of LDH, the encapsulated LDH yield and the morphology of the beads. Releases kinetic of a model drug (ibuprofen) encapsulated in layered double hydroxide/chitosan hybrid materials allowed us to test its potential release properties. Such new inorganic/ organic hybrids materials proved to be interesting as sustained release systems in pharmaceutical domain
Mahdi, Rima. „Nouveaux matériaux biohybrides multifonctionnels pour la biocatalyse“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22648/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis multidisciplinary thesis at the biocatalysis/nanomaterial interface perfectly aims at designing innovative biohybrid materials by the assembly of inorganic materials the Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) with enzymes under mild conditions. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the characterization of physico-chemical interactions between the LDH and the fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) catalyzing the stereoselective C-C bond formation to provide chiral polyols. LDH structures allow the effective confinement of enzymatic systems thanks to their opened two-dimensional structure as well as their chemical surface properties at the nanoscale and their biocompatibility. The FSA immobilization in different LDH matrices by different methods was studied. Biocatalytic activity is highly dependent on the method of assembling, modulating the final amount of FSA. The retaining activity rate of co-precipitated material was higher than that obtained for the adsorbed enzyme. In a second part, a bionanoreactor was developed based on a hierarchized assembly of FSA, LDH nanoplatelets and polysaccharide beads acting as a macrostructuring matrices. Significantly, the encapsulated enzyme rate in the beads was improved when the biocatalyst was pre-encapsulated in LDH nanoplatelets. This is attributed to favorable electrostatic interactions between the polysaccharide chains and LDH, facilitating a higher catalyst loading. The catalytic efficiency of the prepared bioreactor and its recyclability were demonstrated. In the third part of this thesis, we describe for the first time the design of bionanoreactors ―enzymes@LDH‖ by co-immobilisation of two and four enzymes in LDH allowing biomimetic multienzymatic cascades. We first studied the immobilization of the different enzymes taken separately. Then we worked on the optimization of the biocatalytic cascades in heterogeneous phase. These bionanoreactors, for which we have shown the recyclability, have been applied to the synthesis of D-series phosphorylated sugars. Finally, a multienzymatic cascade was de novo designed in aqueous homogeneous solution. It was optimized for the synthesis of rare L-phosphorylated sugars
Cenacchi, Pereira Ana Maria. „Synthèse de particules composites anisotropes polymère / inorganique par polymérisation RAFT en émulsion“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067453.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTouisni, Nadia. „Développement de biocapteurs ampérométriques pour la détermination de l’activité de la transcétolase et pour la détection d’inhibiteurs de cette enzyme“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22416/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome recent studies have shown that human transketolase (TK, EC 2.2.1.1.), which thiamine diphosphate (active form of vitamin B1) is the cofactor, is involved in numerous disease such as diabete, some cancers and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer’s disease and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. For therapeutic purposes, TK inhibitors have been designed and synthesized in both academic and industrial fields. To determine TK activity (diagnostic) on the one hand, and to detect potential inhibitors of this enzyme (therapeutic) on the other hand, it is necessary to develop fast, sensitive and low cost assays. In this context, we designed some original amperometric biosensors that combine these advantages and were never studied with TK from now. We performed a first galactose oxidase (GAOx, EC 1.1.3.9) biosensor for E. coli and human TK activities detection. For that purpose, GAOx was immobilized on laponite matrix. Then, we designed a GAOx-TK biosensor by co-immobilization of GAOX and TK on the electrode surface that enabled the detection TK inhibitors with a reusable system. Thence, TK was immobilized in Layered Double Hydroxides (HDL). This bilayer and bi-enzymic biosensors, allowed us to determine the inhibitor potencies of several cofactors and substrates analogues as model compounds
Al-Jaberi, Muayad. „Characteristics and mechanisms of phosphate removal by calcium-iron layered double hydroxides and their hydrolysis products“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of an efficient removal material for phosphate from wastewater to prevent the eutrophication in surface waters is very important. In this study, CaIIFeIII layered double hydroxide containing chloride and nitrate as intercalated anions (CaFe-LDH-Cl and CaFe-LDH-NO3) were used as removal materials for phosphate. Both forms were designed and synthesized at different CaII: FeIII molar ratios (2:1, 3:1, and 4:1) following three simple co-precipitation methods. The materials were evaluated for the removal of phosphate by batch equilibrium sorption experiments and kinetic measurements. The efficiency of the phosphate removal from aqueous solution was investigated in the range pH 4-12. As a result, it was found that pseudo-second-order kinetic model described well the phosphate removal. The isotherms of adsorption of PO43- ions showed that CaFe-LDH-Cl and CaFe-LDH-NO3 at CaII: FeIII molar ratio of 2:1 revealed the highest rate of phosphate uptake of 385 and 402 mg g-1, respectively, comparing to other CaII: FeIII molar ratios. Equilibrium data were well fitted with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. In the case of high phosphate concentration ([PO43-] ≥ 100 mg L-1), the comprehensive analysis of the phosphate-uptake products with different techniques revealed that CaFe-LDH dissolve first and then released Ca2+ ions reacting with PO43- anions to form Ca5(PO4)3OH (hydroxyapatite) which is the main mechanism for phosphate removal. Also, phosphate was removed partially via a subsidiary process other than precipitation of hydroxyapatite. The excess in phosphate removal was attributed to the formation of a disordered Ca doped ferrihydrite which removed phosphate via simple surface adsorption. In the case of initial low phosphate concentration ([PO43-] < 100 mg L-1), the analysis showed that PO43- removed mainly via simple surface adsorption over disordered Ca doped ferrihydrite which was the main component in the residual solid after partial Ca2+ releasing from LDH
Layrac, Géraldine. „Nanoparticules d’hydroxydes doubles lamellaires élaborées à partir de micelles complexes de copolymères hydrosolubles : Synthèse directe en milieu aqueux et étude de la croissance et de la stabilisation“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work a direct preparation route in water of stable and poorly aggregated colloidal LDH nanoparticles was developed using PAm-b-PAA or PAm-b-PVPA DHBC. These latter contain a ionizable complexing block poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and a stabilizing neutral block poly(acrylamide) (PAm). The preparation is achieved in 2 steps: i) complexing Mg2+ or Cu2+ and Al3+ cations by the DHBC anionic block leading to HPIC micelles; ii) co-hydroxylation of the cations at constant pH. The synthesis of DHBC was performed by RAFT/MADIX polymerization route using monomers and a transfer agent. The mixture of PAA3000-b-PAm10000 copolymer and Mg2+ and Al3+ cations lead to HPIC DHBC/Al3+ micelles that coexist with soluble Mg2+complexes. DHBC/Al(OH)3 colloids are obtained from the DHBC/Al3+ micelles by progressive co-hydroxylation (up to pH 10) of the mixtures. Then partial dissolution of the Al hydroxide and incorporation of Mg2+ induce LDH precipitation in the colloid core. The hydrodynamic size of the colloids (200 to 50 nm) and the size of the individual LDH particles (40 to 20 nm; 3-4 sheets) intercalated by PAA blocks decrease when the complexing degree (R = AA/(Mg+Al)) increases. The critical ratio of complexing function per cation, above which colloidal stability is reached, varies with the polymer asymmetry degree (Am/AA(VPA)), in contrast to the critical number of stabilizing function by cation. This shows that the volume of the neutral chains governs the steric stabilization and the size of the particles. The stability threshold also depends on the DHBC architecture because, at same asymmetry degree, the stability is improved with diblock copolymers compared to triblock copolymers. The properties of the HPIC micelles and of the LDH depend on the nature of the complexing block because the yields of Mg and Al in the HPIC micelles are higher with PAm-b-PVPA than with PAm-b-PAA. After hydroxylation, a 100% yield of LDH in colloidal form is obtained and the particles are of smaller size with the polyphosphonates. The formation mechanism of the colloids depends on the M2+ speciation, because contrary to Mg2+ and Al3+, Cu2+ and Al3+ are simultaneously hydroxylated at low pH.Keywords : Layered double hydroxides (LDH), Double-Hydrophilic-block Copolymers (DHBC), Polymérization RAFT/MADIX, Polyions complex micelles (HPIC), Colloids, Soft chemistry
Darmograi, Ganna. „Etude thermodynamique et structurale des mécanismes de rétention compétitive des colorants azoïques et d'anions inorganiques à l'interface solide-liquide sur des matériaux modèles de type oxydes, lamellaires et échangeurs organiques“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe co-occurrence of various pollutants in industrial effluents is one of the most difficult problems the researchers have to face in the field of Environmental Remediation. In this context, the main objective of the present Ph.D. thesis has been to improve the comprehension of the sorption mechanisms involved in the competitive retention of selected organic dyes and inorganic species at the Solid-Liquid interface by using some model sorbents.The manuscript reports the results of advanced sorption studies made by combining several experimental techniques, mainly including kinetic and equilibrium adsorption measurements, XRD diffraction, as well as isothermal titration calorimetry. Three Azo dyes differing in the molecular size, electric charge, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, i.e., Methyl Orange (MO), Orange II (OII), and Orange G (OG), were selected for the purpose of this work. Two types of solid materials possessing positively charged surface sites were considered as model sorbents: layered double hydroxide structures based on Mg and Al (molar Mg:Al ratio of 2) with either nitrate (Mg-Al-LDH-NO3) or chloride counter-ions (Mg-Al-LDH-Cl) localized in the interlayer space, on the one hand, and strongly basic anion-exchange resin, Amberlite® IRN-78, on the other hand. The impact of carbonate(IV), sulfate(VI), chromate(VI), and hydrogen phosphate(V) oxyanions on the retention capacity of model sorbents towards the three dyes was also investigated thoroughly.In the first step, the single-component adsorption onto three sorbents was analyzed in regards with the detailed mechanism of retention. In all cases, an ion-exchange pathway between the pristine compensating anions (NO3-, Cl-, OH-) or anions coming from the ambient atmosphere (e.g., carbonates) and the oncoming anionic species was identified as the principal retention mechanism. In the case of LDH sorbents, this anion exchange was accompanied by the intercalation of the adsorbing species within the interlayer space with the concomitant changes in the layered structure, as inferred from the XRD study of the LDH samples loaded with the appropriate solute species. The retention of monovalent MO anions, both from the single-solute and bi-solute solutions, was found to exceed the anionic exchange capacity (AEC) of the LDH samples, which was ascribed to the dye adsorption on the external surface paralleled by the co-adsorption of sodium cations. The adsorption capacity was demonstrated to depend strongly on the hydrophilic-hydrophilic character of the dye units and their capacity of generating lateral interactions (e.g., pi-stacking) with other adsorbed species within the LDH structure. The use of isothermal calorimetry allowed the unusual shape of the curve representing the cumulative enthalpy of displacement to be attributed to the formation of OII aggregates/fibers induced by the presence of Mg and Al cations originating from the partial dissolution of the LDH sample. Competitive adsorption of dye and selected inorganic anions on the three model sorbents was studied in the second step in view of increasing the efficiency of dyes removal by optimizing experimental conditions. One of the main achievements was to categorize the dye uptake schemes in the presence of inorganic anions in regards with the shape of the experimental adsorption isotherms and to correlate them with the individual adsorbate affinities for the LDH sample, as inferred from the calorimetry measurements of the cumulative enthalpy of displacement in single-solute systems. The discussion on the mechanisms of dye retention in the single- and multi-component systems was supplemented by experimental studies of such applicative aspects of sorption phenomena as kinetics, reversibility, and selectivity.Keywords: Layered double hydroxides, anion-exchange resin, Methyl Orange, Orange II, Orange G, Cr(VI), inorganic anions, single-solute and multi-solute adsorption, XRD study, isotherm titration calorimetry
Langry, Arthur. „Evaluation of IN SITU synthesis route of layered hydroxides in the presence of amphiphilic polymers in comparison with their corresponding physical mixtures“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22603/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLayered particle based nano-composites have recently been shown to impart stone impact resistance to automotive coatings by making use of polymer intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) platelets in a variety of different film morphologies. However the LDH particles used were obtained via coprecipitation of the metal salts in the presence of small organic anions in order to render the Layered Hydroxide particles organophilic and to facilitate the intercalation of carboxylate group bearing matrix polymers. Thus anion exchange in the course of colloidal processing and during film formation leads to the release of ionic species which may deteriorate the coatings barrier function. In order to circumvent objectionable counter ions (involved in the synthesis and the coatings formulation), a novel preparation route for layered hydroxide based hybrid phases has been here investigated combining the polyol route with the IN SITU generation of inorganic platelets, in the presence of amphiphilic polymer as well as bola-amphiphiles. The polyol route consists in hydrolysis in an alcoholic medium containing acetate metal cation as precursor(s), to yield LDH (Zn2Al, LiAl2 cation composition) or LSH-Zn (Layered Single Hydroxide). Bola amphiphile descripts as being some hydrophobic polymer segment-telechelic-chains terminated by two anionic hydrophilic end groups, using of volatile ammonium cation as counter ion. The impact of both process conditions as well as the chosen system with regard to the metal hydroxide framework and the organic counter ions on the morphology of the obtained hybrid phases are presented, discussed and compared to corresponding physical mixture. For the EX SITU approach, the diffusion of large cumbersome polymers or amphiphilic bolas between the inorganic platelets was found to be efficient, mostly driven by an anion exchange reaction between interleaved acetate anions and carboxylate functions of the molecular backbones, and keeping intact the inner-sheet integrity through a topotactic process. The efficiency of the intercalation process was found decreasing to range as LDH-Zn2Al > LDH-LiAl2 >> LSH-Zn, more or less regardless of the guest organic species. Aggregation may happen and cannot be discarded especially when using LiAl2 type platelets and non-neutralized bola. In particular with LSH-Zn, a multi stratified assembly has been observed combining acetate pristine structure and partly bola diffused structure, leading to a biphasic structure, aggregated and intercalated. To the best of our knowledge, observation of LSH-Zn single platelets has never been reported, making of the combined process Polyol/IN SITU an interesting new route in reaching exfoliation. Indeed, it yields to the generation of platelets either LSH or LDH of lateral size ranging between 10 up to 200 nm. However, the platelets were found to be porous; it is considered as a drawback for barrier properties. It is our belief that such porosity may open new insights in “tectonic” architecture by intertwining 2D and 1D-type filler. Rather counter intuitively, EX SITU based on topotactic exchange reaction matches the IN SITU templating reaction in many cases as a function of the dispersion state regardless of the polymer or bolas as well as the platelets cation composition
Feng, Yongjun. „Formation and properties of second-stage layered double hydroxide materials“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717376.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDjebbi, Mohamed Amine. „Les Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires au coeur de la biotechnologie : évaluation des applications médicales et environnementales“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1049/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDHs are a class of synthetic anionic clays whose structure is based on brucite-like layers Mg(OH)2 inwhich some of the divalent cations have been replaced by trivalent ions giving positively-charged sheets.This charge is balanced by intercalation of anions in the hydrated interlayer regions. The identities andratios of the di- and trivalent cations and the interlayer anion may be varied over a wide range, giving rise toa large class of isostructural materials. The parent material of this class is the naturally occurring mineralhydrotalcite and LDHs are consequently also known as hydrotalcite-like materials. Although the basicfeatures of the structure are well understood, detailed structural aspects have been the subject of somecontroversy in the literature. In this thesis, we have selected two types of LDH, MgAl and ZnAl, which havebeen widely introduced in various applications, such as sorption of molecules of biological interest (enzymeand drug) and the development of electrodes. The specificity of this work lies on the immobilization of amodel enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase in both matrices as well as an anti-bacterial drug, berberine, inorder to study the interactions between these two biomolecules and the introduced LDH phase and tobetter address their challenges of applications in the medical field. Second, we have tried to study the twophases mentioned above more and more accurately in terms of structure, morphology and electrochemicalprofile in order to use them as electrode materials for microbial fuel cell device
Stimpfling, Thomas. „Modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) platelets as corrosion inhibitors reservoirs dispersed into coating for aluminun alloy 2024“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAluminum alloy 2024 is widely used in aircraft and automotive industry. Corrosion processes can provide irreversible damage on the metal substrate which could have a tragic issue in the aircraft domain. Thus, several coating layers have been applied on the metal substrate to prevent corrosion process. Since the beginning of the 20th century, hexavalent chromate compounds have been extensively used as corrosion inhibitor agents for paint, primer and conversion coating. The toxicity for human health and environment has led to replace such compounds. The literature has reported different possibilities to replace such unfriendly compounds. Moreover, the entrapment of corrosion inhibitors in nanocontainer provides a self-healing effect by releasing, on demand, the active species when damage occurs. This study focuses on Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) material as reservoir due to its exchange properties. This study has characterized several potential corrosion inhibitor molecules by DC-Polarization to determine the nature of the inhibitor compound (i.e. anodic, cathodic or both of them). Further, active anticorrosive species have been intercalated into LDH framework. Then, the release of inhibitor agents and their subsequent behaviour toward corrosion inhibition have been evaluated. Modified LDH materials have been further dispersed in the primer coating formulation and applied on aluminum alloys 2024 substrate. Corrosion inhibition has been followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments on scratched and unscratched panel which have permitted to evaluate the self-healing property of these modified LDH materials when damage occurs and the barrier property provided by the lamellar morphology of the inorganic reservoir that is found to decrease the permeation by enhancing the tortuosity of the coating layer towards aggressive species (i.e. water, O2, electrolyte) responsible of the blistering phenomenon
Pereira, de Carvalho Hudson Walace. „O papel da argila na estabilização termica de nanocompositos : um estudo da ordem locale a média distância“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRamoné, Audrey. „Evolutions moléculaires au cours de la dégradation biotique et abiotique de polymères bio-sourcés (PLA et PBS) et fossiles à l’aide de la viscoélasticité à l’état fondu“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22643/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, to minimize our waste production, many studies are focused on environmentally friendly polymers. Degradation in compost is a complex phenomenon with unclear mechanism depending on temperature, micro-organism population, humidity and polymer it-self. In a first hand, these different parameter effects on poly(lactic acid)(PLA) biodegradation are studied with melt viscoelasticity to assess the molecular evolution of the materials during biodegradation. In a second hand, PLA is mixed with a polymer more biodegradable, poly(butylene succinate), to improve PLA biodegradation. After the biodegradation of a compostable polymer, a non biodegradable polymer is studied: polypropylene(PP). To achieve the initiation of its bio-assimilation, fillers are added to promote its degradation and therefore improve its assimilation by micro-organisms. Layered double hydroxides induce degradation but not enough to observe polymer biodegradation
Ganiyu, Soliu. „Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes for removal of Pharmaceuticals from water : Performance studies for sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide anode and hierarchical layered double hydroxide modified carbon felt cathode“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1116/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePharmaceuticals residues as emerging pollutants have become a major concern due to their persistence and continuous accumulation in various environmental compartments and their removal is one the major challenges of this century. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) such as anodic oxidation (AO) and electro-Fenton (EF) have shown to be efficient techniques for complete degradation and mineralization of this class of pollutants. A substoichiometric titanium oxide (Ti4O7) deposited on titanium alloy by plasma elaboration was investigated as an alternative stable and efficient low cost anode materials for application in AO and EF for degradation of pharmaceuticals amoxicillin (AMX) and propranolol (PPN) and mineralization of their aqueous solutions. Excellent mineralization of both pharmaceuticals was achieved with Ti4O7 anode compared to dimensional stable anode (DSA) and platinum (Pt) anodes at similar experimental conditions, but less efficient when compared with boron doped diamond (BDD) anode during AO treatment. Almost complete mineralization (96%) was attained with Ti4O7 anode in EF degradation of PPN at 120 mA after 8 h of electrolysis. Several aromatic, bicyclic and other intermediate byproducts were identified and quantified during the electrochemical treatment of both pharmaceuticals, with the final end products in the treated solutions being short-chain carboxylic acids and inorganic ions. Plausible mineralization pathways for both pharmaceuticals were proposed based on the identified intermediates, released inorganic ions and carboxylic acids as well as TOC data. Initial AMX solution shows relatively high inhibition to V. fischeri bacteria, which further increased at the early stage of electrooxidation due to formation of cyclic intermediates more toxic than mother molecules but sharply decreased at the later stage of electrolysis. Since the Ti4O7 is produced mainly from TiO2 which is very cheap and highly abundant material, this anode material could be an interesting alternative electrode in industrial wastewater treatment by electrochemical oxidation. On the other hand, CoFe-layer double hydroxide modified carbon-felt (CoFe-LDH/CF) cathode synthesized by solvothermal process was studied as a heterogeneous catalyst/electrode for degradation of organic pollutant Acid Orange II (AO7) over a wide pH range. Excellent mineralization of this azo dye solution was achieved in pH range 2 – 7.1, with TOC removal much higher than corresponding homogeneous EF with raw carbon-felt (CF) at all pH studied. The prepared cathode exhibited good reusability and can constitute an alternative for the treatment wastewater effluents at neutral pH values
Soussou, Asma. „Etude des propriétés structurales, morphologiques et électrochimiques de couches minces de nanocomposites hybrides de type hydroxyde double lamellaire (HDL) / biomolécules : application aux biocapteurs de polyphénols“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0302/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePolyphenols are in abundance in diet, being present in various fruits or vegetables, but also in tea or wine. Their antioxidant properties attracted an increasing interest of different researchers in the field of medicine and food manufacturers. Consequently, very intensive studies have been conducted to develop efficient polyphenols biosensors, while respecting certain criteria (simplicity of use, speed of measurement, low cost). In the case of enzymatic biosensors, the decisive step is the immobilization of the enzyme on the transducer surface without affecting its performances.In this thesis, we used layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as a host matrix to immobilize tyrosinase, an enzyme recognizing specifically polyphenols, at the surface of screen printed gold electrodes. Polyphenols used to study the biosensors were extracted from green tea.LDHs nanosheets were prepared by the co-precipitation method. In a first step, their structural properties were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman and Infra-Red spectroscopies, confirming crystalline phase and chemical composition of LDHs. In a second step, LDHs-thin films were prepared by self-assembly and spin coating deposition under various experimental conditions (nature and concentration of LDHs …), and studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to obtain information about the surface morphology of the host matrix before enzyme immobilization. The presence of tyrosinase after the immobilization step was also confirmed by AFM. Electrochemical characteristics of the amperometric biosensors, whose design is based on this study, were determined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. This study showed that these systems are highly sensitive to polyphenols, detecting them by their oxidation but also by the reduction of compounds enzymatically generated. They exhibit also other very attractive characteristics for the detection of complex mixture of polyphenols: a large dynamic range (up to 1000 ng.mL-1)and a very low detection limit (few pg.mL-1)
Diouf-Lewis, Audrey. „Elaboration et évaluation d'additifs verts pour polymères et composites respectueux de l'environnement“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work falls within the identified context of the need to develop new polymers that are more environmentally friendly. We are convinced that the development of these "green" materials requires the use of "green" additives during formulation. To develop environmentally friendly additives capable of stabilizing the polymer, with respect to the life cycle, and paying special attention to biomass valorization, three approaches have been studied. The first is an innovative way of using a mixture of polyphenols from winery by-products and tea industry. The second way is the valorisation of a molecule from the major by-product of the wheat industry. The third is a recent route of innovation, which proposes the use of layered double hydroxides nanocomposites (LDH) functionalized with bio based stabilizers. The evaluation of their stabilizing properties is carried out in polyolefins, against thermo- and photo-oxidation processes. The very promising results of the project highlight the strong potential of bio based molecules and composites to maintain polymers properties under conditions of use
Diouf-Lewis, Audrey. „Elaboration et évaluation d'additifs verts pour polymères et composites respectueux de l'environnement“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work falls within the identified context of the need to develop new polymers that are more environmentally friendly. We are convinced that the development of these "green" materials requires the use of "green" additives during formulation. To develop environmentally friendly additives capable of stabilizing the polymer, with respect to the life cycle, and paying special attention to biomass valorization, three approaches have been studied. The first is an innovative way of using a mixture of polyphenols from winery by-products and tea industry. The second way is the valorisation of a molecule from the major by-product of the wheat industry. The third is a recent route of innovation, which proposes the use of layered double hydroxides nanocomposites (LDH) functionalized with bio based stabilizers. The evaluation of their stabilizing properties is carried out in polyolefins, against thermo- and photo-oxidation processes. The very promising results of the project highlight the strong potential of bio based molecules and composites to maintain polymers properties under conditions of use