Dissertationen zum Thema „Hydrolyse des protéines“
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Aubes-Dufau, Isabelle. „Etude de l'amertume des hydolysats enzymatiques de protéines“. Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTeze, David. „Recherche des bases moléculaires de l’équilibre transglycosylation / hydrolyse d’une glycoside hydrolase de la famille 1“. Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=76219dd9-c156-4a82-990c-1742703c4252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study we investigated the Thermus thermophilus β-glycosidase (Tt-β-Gly), an enzyme belonging to family 1 glycoside hydrolases (CAZy classification). Tt-β-gly catalyzes hydrolysis and transglycosylation of glycosides. The later is of particular interest for the synthesis of oligosaccharides which are extremely challenging to produce chemically. Directed evolution of this enzyme was carried out in the laboratory to obtain three mutants with improved synthetic activity. These mutants were characterized and the structures of two of them were determined by protein crystallography in order to understand the molecular basis of this improvement. We propose a working hypothesis about the effect of mutations in order to create new transglycosidases by rational mutagenesis. Thus, we created four new mutants that exhibit improved synthetic activity and allow the formation of N (Me)-O-Bn-N-(β-D-fucopyranosyl (1 → 3) β-D-glucopyranosyl) hydroxylamine with yields of 57-77% against only 36% when wild type Tt-β-Gly was used. On the other hand, we have studied the dynamics of internal water molecules in the Tt-β-Gly structure, particularly focusing on searching potential "water channels" in this enzyme, which may explain the transglycosylation over hydrolysis balance. For this, we combined molecular modeling approaches and monitoring of proton-deuteron exchange by mass spectrometry (DXMS). During this study we identified potential water channels within the Tt-β-Gly structure
Saravanamuthu, Gunalini. „Détermination des sites d'interaction des protéines par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066730.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoudaud, Nathalie. „Contribution à l'étude des arômes de viandes cuites : analyse d'arômes élaborés à partir d'hydrolysats protéiques de poulet“. Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT2049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNouri, L'Hadi. „Etude des performances du réacteur torique-application à l'hydrolyse enzymatique des protéines végétales“. Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCatak, Saron. „Vers l’élucidation du mécanisme de déamidation des résidus asparaginyles dans les peptides et les protéines“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10124/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeamidation of proteins is a topic of wide interest that has been subject to experimental and theoretical studies. Deamidation is a nonenzymatic and spontaneous process that converts asparagine residues in proteins into aspartic acid. The change in charge leads to time-dependent conformational changes in proteins and has been associated with protein degradation and ageing. In this manuscript, certain mechanistic aspects of this process have been investigated and many insights have been attained on potential mechanisms leading to deamidation. These mechanisms and their energetics have been presented in detail. Another potential fate of asparagine residues, backbone cleavage, has been introduced and compared with the deamidation mechanism. Finally, attempts to understand the effect of neighboring residues on Asn deamidation have been elaborated and several ideas for future work have been outlined
Tranchepain, Frédéric. „Interactions hyaluronane-protéines : hydrolyse du hyaluronane caractérisée par la hyaluronidase et complexation non spécifique hyaluronane-protéines. Influence de la longueur de la chaîne de hyaluronane“. Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBordenave-Juchereau, Stéphanie. „Hydrolyse de l'alpha-lactalbumine caprine en réacteur à l'ultrafiltration : génération et caractérisation de peptides issus de l'hydrolyse pepsique“. La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLenormand, Hélène. „L’activité enzymatique de la hyaluronidase sous la dépendance de la complexation non-spécifique entre les hyaluronane et les protéines“. Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrolysis of hyaluronan (HA), a polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is catalyzed by hyaluronidase (HAase). The carboxyl groups of HA allow it to complex proteins, influencing the HA hydrolysis. The electrostatic non-specific complexation between HA and proteins is governed by physicochemical parameters which influence the ionization state of the biomacromolecules and determine the nature of the complexes. The non-specific HA-HAase complexes are of the same type. They induce an atypical behaviour of substrate- and enzyme-dependences of the HA hydrolysis. The presence of a non-catalytic protein allows a control of the catalytic activity of HAase : activation or inhibition. The use of protein with high isoelectrical pH allows HA hydrolysis under conditions close to the MEC conditions. This type of enzyme activity regulation may have some implications in cancer
Zuñiga, de Lopez Raquel. „Étude structurale et texturale de laits acidifiés par hydrolyse de Glucono-Delta-Lactone et contenant des polysaccharides“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL071N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchweizer, Martin. „Fractionnement et identification de petits peptides issus de l'hydrolyse enzymatique des protéines de colza“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL016N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarreau, Isabelle. „Les protéines plasmatiques, sources potentielles de peptides biologiquement actifs : purification et caractérisation de peptides apparentés aux enképhalines libérés par hydrolyse enzymatique in vitro“. Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarquenet, Emélie. „Identification du rôle de l'activité ATPase de MalT, modèle d'étude des ATPases STAND, protéines impliquées dans la transduction du signal“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe STAND ATPase family (for "signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains "), which has been recently " discovered, is a widespread family of proteins involved in various processes (Leipe and al. , 2004). These ATPases function as multimeric regulatory nexuses that integrate multiple regulatory signals. They characteristically comprise a common ATPase core domain. During my phD, I used the MalT protein, the transcription activator of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon, as a model System to address the role of the ATPase activity. MalT is highly controlled by positive (ATP and maltotriose, the inducer ) and negative proteic effectors. We have constructed a MalT variant that binds ATP but does not hydrolyze it and we have characterized it in vivo and in vitro. ATP hydrolysis is not essential for transcription activation but is crucial for the control of MalT actiVity. MalT cycles between an ADP bound, resting form that is the target of negative effectors and an ATP bound, active form, which oligomerizes. Conversion to the active form involves nucléotide exchange and depends on maltotriose binding. Resetting of the protein under the resting form relies on ATP hydrolysis which occurs when the protein is under the active state. I proposed a model of regulated binary switch that is likely to apply to other STAND NTPases, including Apaf-1 and 1-2 proteins
Campagna, Sylvie. „Hydrolyse en milieu émulsionné et étude de la relation structure/fonction du PP3 de lait bovin“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKobbi, Sabrine. „Purification de la RuBisCO à partir de la Luzerne, hydrolyse enzymatique, identification, structure-fonction des peptides bioactifs et leur valorisation dans des produits alimentaires“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlfalfa is an excellent source of protein. However, RuBisCO proteins showed most interest. Indeed, this protein has been labelled the most abundant on earth; it constitutes about 65% (w/w) of soluble leaf protein of Alfalfa. In this work, a new method was introduced for the purification of RuBisCO from alfalfa powder 10% (w /v), using two different solvents and pH effect. In a first step, the performance of the proposed RuBisCO recovery method was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative analysis and the results obtained showed that this new method could replace some conventional industrial processes. In a second step, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out on the purified RuBisCO, which resulted in a large bioactive peptide population. The final peptides after 24h of hydrolysis showed better antibacterial or antioxidant activity compared to the other peptide hydrolysates. Nine new antibacterial peptides have been identified and characterized by MS and have a MIC of 2-6 mM against four species of bacteria: B subtilis, E coli, L innocua and M luteus. In addition, antioxidants peptide fractions were identified in this work, their antioxidant activity was evaluated by various in vitro and in vivo tests on oil of Colza. Finally, the addition of peptide RDRFL derived from the peptic hydrolysis of RuBisCO has a positive effect on the prolongation of the shelf life of minced meat and of tomato puree
Perreault, Véronique. „Prétraitement d'un isolat de protéines de lin par haute pression hydrostatique : impacts sur la structure protéique, l'hydrolyse enzymatique et les capacités antioxydantes des hydrolysats finaux“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26804.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlaxseed is an oilseed widely cultivated in Canada. However, residues generated after oil extraction contains large amount of proteins and then can be much-valued in human diet due to its bioactive peptide fractions. The influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on flaxseed protein isolate was studied especially in terms of protein structures, enzymatic hydrolysis and final hydrolysate antioxidant activity. Flaxseed protein solutions (1% w/v) were subjected first to 600 MPa HHP treatments during 5 and 20 minutes at 20°C and were compared to non-pressurized samples. Two subsequent hydrolysis treatments were performed on pressure or non-pressure treated samples: tryptic hydrolysis was carried out and another hydrolysis was performed using pronase on tryptic hydrolysates. Firstly, the characterization of treated and untreated flaxseed protein isolates was done by spectrofluorometric and particle size analyses. Thereafter, flaxseed hydrolysates were analyzed by HPLC-MS and antioxidant capacity by ORAC. These results demonstrated that the pressurizing level and duration had an impact on proteins structure, inducing the dissociation of protein leading subsequently to aggregates. These aggregates were formed by decompression or during further storage. After enzymatic hydrolysis of pressurized or non-pressurized samples by trypsin and trypsin-pronase, chromatographic analyses showed that HHP treatments modified the concentration of certain peptides of the tryptic hydrolysates only. Finally, HHP increases antioxidant capacity (ORAC) of final trysin-pronase hydrolysates when compared to a control.
Moras, Benjamin. „Fractionnement de protéines végétales pour le développement d'ingrédients alimentaires infantiles hypoallergéniques et à teneur réduite en phytoestrogènes“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objectives of these works were to develop industrial processes for the production of four infant food ingredients with hypoallergenic properties and reduced levels of phytoestrogens. For this purpose, the nutritional properties of the rice and soy protein are promising. However, due to the presence of phytoestrogens (isoflavones) the consumption of soy protein isolates is a big concern for infant food security because the high exposure to these compounds, known to be endocrine disruptors. Consequently, it was first intended to develop a soy protein isolate with reduced content of isoflavones below 50 μg/g following the recommendations of French and European health authorities. Rice protein isolates are either non-existent on the market, or extremely rare. Therefore, the development of rice protein isolate with a minimum content of 90 % protein was another objective. For the sensitive population, such as infants, the aim of this work was also to develop soy and rice protein hydrolysates conferring hypoallergenic properties. To achieve this goal, the reduction of the size of proteins and the control of their molecular weight was studied. Two methods were used to achieve high extractions yields. A study of ethanol extraction ranging from small-scale optimization to industrial scale was used for a final product with a residual content in isoflavones below 50 μg/g. The second method was to retain isoflavones on adsorption resin from a soy protein hydrolysate. This was possible without preliminary extraction step by solvent. This method was also tested in the industrial scale. The chromatographic behavior of different isoflavones was also studied. The extraction of isoflavones with subcritical water and supercritical CO2 is also presented in this thesis even though these methods were not retained. These pressurized extractions showed the influence of the polarity of isoflavones and the protein content of soy products onto the isoflavone extraction. These works also identified a novel process for the production of rice protein isolate by the hydrolysis of polysaccharides with cellulolytic enzymes and amylases from concentrated protein byproducts from the glucose syrup industry. Studies on less processed materials such as rice bran and flour were also studied for protein isolation. The study of the hydrolysis by proteases of soy and rice proteins were monitored by various indicators such as pH, protein solubility, the degree of hydrolysis, the molecular weight profile by electrophoresis, and size exclusion chromatography. These processes are enabled for the production of four new ingredients that will be tested for their hypoallergenic characteristics before a large scale production
Gbogouri, Grodji Albarin. „Co-valorisation des protéines et des lipides riches en lécithine et en acides gras polyinsaturés oméga 3 à partir de têtes de saumon (Salmo salar) par hydrolyse enzymatique“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_GBOGOURI_G_A.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA new process for the extraction of lipids and proteins from salmon (Salmo salar) heads was performed by enzymatic treatment. In the first part of this work, proteolysis assisted with Alcalase® 2. 4 L was performed. The use of Response Surface Methodology allowed optimization of temperature, enzyme / substrate ratio and pH leading to various hydrolysates (10. 8 % - 17. 3 % degree of hydrolysis) and protein recovery ranging from 47 % to 71 %. The functional properties of protein hydrolysates were improved. In the second part, the enzymatic extraction of oil yielded 19. 6 % and was comparable to solvent extraction (21. 5 %). The oil fractions resulting from the proteolysis were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and their individual fatty acid composition was similar to total lipids extracted by solvent method. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) constituted predominant fatty acids among total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The sludge lipids contained most of phospholipids (up to 55 %) with high content of phosphatidylcholine (around 55 % of phospholipids). This process might be extended to any source of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are sensitive to drastic conditions
Touati, Abdelmadjid. „Contribution à l'étude des relations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques et fonctionnelles des caséines B et K modifiées par voie chimique enzymatique“. Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRakotozafy, Randrianasolo Lalatiana Rasata. „Application de réactions enzymatiques énantiosélectives au dédoublement de synthons chiraux utilisables dans l'industrie pharmaceutique ou en chimie fine“. Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066301.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMat, Damien. „Cinétiques d’hydrolyse des protéines et des lipides lors de digestions in vitro d’aliments modèles : influence des paramètres de structure des matrices“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFood is a structured source of nutrients. Its different components are arranged and associated on several scales and provide organoleptic and rheological properties. This structure is going to be deconstructed by the different stages of the digestive tract and managed by the organism and its microbiota. The qualitative and kinetical response of the digestive tract to a specific structure must then be taken into account to complete our understanding of the nutritional attributes of the food and achieve functional formulations aiming to well-being and health.This thesis focused on complex protein-rich oil-inwater emulsion-type matrices. While keeping the composition constant (10 % oil and 15 % whey proteins), matrices with various and perfectly controlled structures have been designed and prepared by modulating the conditions of the fabrication process. To study the behavior during the digestion, a static in vitro digestion protocol has been carried out, associated to pH-stat titration. This method allowed to follow, in an innovative way, concurrent hydrolysis of both lipids and proteins during the simulated intestinal phase.Its use was then further extended to the gastric phase in order to follow the proteolysis by the pepsin. The study of solid matrices represents a challenge in in vitro protocols since they have an additional degree of complexity compared to liquid and semi-solid ones. A part of this work thereby focused on the study of the influence of the size of the fragments on the nutrients release, as well as on their impact on the quality of the pH-stat monitoring. The methodologic potential of this work has been demonstrated on different structure effects of the food onto its digestion. The physical state of the continuous phase in particular and the size of oil droplets were among the most influent parameters. Interactions between proteolysis and lipolysis were also observed, proving that simultaneous following of the hydrolysis kinetics is an important aspect for a more complete understanding of the structure effects.Moreover, collaborating with physiologists and microbiologists allowed the conduct of two in vivo studies with rats, the first results of which attest a structure effect on the microbiota composition and on physiological markers
Monceaux, Philippe. „Valorisation des productions amylacées en Picardie : étude d'un nouveau procédé de fractionnement du blé tendre“. Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDion-Poulin, Alexandra. „Étude de la fonctionnalité d’hydrolysats protéiques d’insectes générés par le couplage de l’hydrolyse enzymatique et des hautes pressions hydrostatiques et de l’acceptabilité d’un ingrédient d’insectes auprès de cuisiniers novateurs“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68780.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInterest in Entomophagy increases due to several environmental and nutritional benefits, but the social acceptability of this practice is a major obstacle in Western societies. Studies have shown that incorporating insect as an ingredient rather than whole insects promotes consumer acceptability. As a result of their poor functionality, insect meals arecommonly used as a filler agent. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a widely used method to modify and improve the functionality of various proteins, but the effectiveness of this method can be enhanced by using high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) as a pre-treatment. In this project, the functionality of insect meals and protein hydrolysates prepared from meals that were pretreated or not prior enzymatic hydrolysis by pressurization has been determined. The solubility and oil binding capacity were enhanced by this process in contrast to water binding capacity as well as foaming and gelling properties. Viscosity and emulsifying property were slightly increased comparatively to insect meal. However, their different functionalities from those of insect meals could facilitate their acceptability. Specifically, it is acknowledged thata positive consumption experience promotes the entomophagy acceptability especially whenchefs are included in the process. For this project a qualitative study based a priori on Roger’sdiffusion of innovation theory was also conducted to explore the perceptions of innovative chefs on the use of insect ingredients. All participants had a positive opinion of entomophagy and the majority was ready to use it. Understanding these perceptions will increase the use of insect ingredients in the gastronomy and eventually social acceptability.
El-Zahar, Khaled. „Étude des protéines du système laitier ovin et de leurs transformations par hydrolyse et par fermentation lors de la fabrication des yaourts“. Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFour set of starters have been used for the fabrication of yoghurts from ovine milk pre-heated in different conditions. The degree of hydrolysis of caseins and whey proteins depended on the starter used. During fermentation, -casein was more hydrolysed than S-caseins; -lactalbumin (ALA) was more degraded than -lactoglobulin (BLG). -lactalbumin and -lactoglobulin have been obtained in a pure form by anion-exchange chromatography. -lactoglobulin was a mixture of A and B variants. -lactalbumin was obtained as an unique variant. -lactoglobulin was monomeric at acid pH and low ionic strength but became dimeric at neutral pH. At the opposite of its bovine counterpart, ovine -lactoglobulin was susceptible to pepsinolysis. Peptic hydrolysates of whey proteins showed an antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus
Sylla, Khalifa Serigne Babacar. „Valorisation de co-produits de la sole tropicale (Cynoglossus senegalensis) par hydrolyse enzymatique : application en nutrition animale“. Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS242.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis scope of work relates to the valorization of the tongue sole (Cynoglossus senegalensis) by-products resulting from the processing chain in Senegal by the implementation of enzymatic hydrolysis in order to obtain high value proteins. The by-products (viscera and heads) of tongue sole, were hydrolized with a large spectra protease (Protamex®). It appears that the hydrolysis degree (DH) was influenced by the temperature of the proteolysis. Indeed a DH=19% is obtained at 50°C while it reaches up to 25% at 40°C after 3 hours of enzymatic action. Resulting hydrolysates appears to be rich in protein (up to 61%° with around 10% of minerals. The study of the molecular distribution size of the peptides reveals that they are below 1760Da. The effect of the water proportion to conduce hydrolsis was studied. It appears that 50% of water is enough in our conditions to solubilize of four different water ratio to hydrolyze sole by-products by using Protamex® were compared. It was found t60% of the initial proteins. Resulting hydrolysates have a great nutritional value for seting up table fowls because they have in big quantity nine essential amino acids for the animal feed. Feed trials were then carried out on 1200 chickens (cobb 500) with 14 days of age. The results showed that high nutritional value by-products proteins increase the growth of the birds. Indeed, the live weights at 6 weeks are 2369. 60 G (batch 1), 2189. 60 G (batch 2), 2298. 05 G (batch 3) against 2158. 20 G (witness batch), with respective average GMQ of 78. 20 G, 66. 72 G, 69. 89 G and 68. 30 G. The carcass weights are 2112. 43 G (batch 1), 1994. 67 G (batch 2), 2081. 75 G (batch 3) and 1989. 22 G (witness batch). Food consumption seems little influenced by the level and the nature of proteins. However, their presence decreased the consumption index during the end of the study; it is 2. 30 (batch 1), 2. 07 (batch 2), 2. 05 (batch 3) and 20. 8 (witness batch). To identify the future application of hydrolysates in human food, a preliminary sensory analysis was carried out. The sensory profile was established with a jury of 14 expert judges. 11 profiles were found by this panel. In addition, the aromatic characterization revealed that 57 molecules are responsible for these odours described in sensory analysis. The description of these aromatic compounds opens potential way of valorization of these hydrolysates in human consumption
Nesterenko, Alla. „Etude et fonctionnalisation de protéines végétales en vue de leur application en microencapsulation“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0148/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProteins extracted from vegetables are relatively low-cost, non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable raw materials. They represent a good alternative to animal-based proteins and petroleum-extracted polymers. In this study, proteins derived from soybean and sunflower seeds were used as wall materials for microencapsulation of hydrophobic (-tocopherol) or hydrophilic (ascorbic acid) active material by spray-drying technique. Soybean proteins are widely used in food and non-food applications, especially in microencapsulation. They were studied in this work as wall material of reference. Sunflower proteins are not actually used in industrial application, but only in the form of oil-cake for animal feeding. That’s why new ways of valorization of this agricultural by-product should be investigated. Several proteins’ modifications such as enzymatic hydrolysis, acylation, cross-linking and cationization were studied in order to improve encapsulating properties of wall material. In the context of green chemistry, all the modifications and preparations were performed without use of organic solvents and chemical catalysts. The effect of protein chemical and enzymatic modifications, and process parameters (homogenization pressure, wall/core ratio and protein concentration) on different characteristics of liquid preparations and microparticles (viscosity, emulsion droplet size, microparticle size and morphology) and on parameters related to the spray-drying process (yield and efficiency of microencapsulation) was particularly investigated in this study. The obtained results confirmed that sunflower proteins are quite suitable as encapsulating agent and provide the microencapsulation efficiencies significantly higher compared to those obtained with soy proteins
Chabeaud, Aurélie Laure. „Production de peptides de lieu noir dotés d'une capacité antioxydante par hydrolyse enzymatique en réacteur discontinu et fractionnement sur membrane“. Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is conducted in the framework of the fishery by-product up-grading. It concerns the implementation of the enzymatic hydrolysis and the membrane separation processes to produce peptides with a high antioxidant capacity according to a process transferable to the industrial scale. Saithe fillet was chosen as a model substrate. The enzymatic hydrolysis by Alcalase® was, first, optimized by means of the design of experiment methodology. Hydrolysis conditions maximising the antioxidant activity of peptides (β-carotene-linoleate model system assay) are: T = 60 °C, pH 8, E/S ratio = 2. 23 % (53. 8 AU. Kg-1) during 10. 8 min. The transposition of the hydrolysis process at pilot scale (20 L batch reactor) was validated. The fractionation on a low pressure chromatographic column shows that the fraction lower than 1 kDa are the most active. Membrane fractionation was then used as a second lever to act (i) on size distribution of peptides and (ii) on the activity level of hydrolysates. The role of the operating parameters (pressure, peptide content, volume reduction factor (VRF)) was studied. It was observed that, for a given peptide content, when the pressure increases, the retention rate (RR) of peptides increases and the apparent molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membrane decreases. For a constant pressure, when the peptide content (or of the FRV) increases, the RR decreases and the apparent MWCO increase. However, the duration of concentration step strengthens the membrane fouling. In recirculation mode, the fractionation improve the antioxidant capacity of permeates. In concentration mode, the fractionation improved the activity as long as the concentration remains moderate (FRV ≤ 2). The originality of this PhD work is (i) the maximisation of the antioxidant capacity of the hydrolysate, (ii) the use of the fractionation operating parameters to modify the membrane selectivity and to obtain peptide fractions with defined molecular weight, and (iii) the development of analytical tools adapted to peptide quantification and to the follow-up of peptide retention on the UF membrane
Linder, Michel. „Optimisation d'un procédé de valorisation de coproduits d'abattage par hydrolyse enzymatique : propriétés fonctionnelles et nutritionnelles des hydrolysats“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_LINDER_M.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeconte, Danielle. „Contribution à l'étude de la valorisation du cruor des abattoirs : application de l'ultrafiltration à la préparation d'hydrolysats peptidiques à partir de l'hémoglobine bovine“. Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdje, Estelle Yaba. „Hydrolyse ménagée de l’hémoglobine bovine par la pepsine porcine en mélanges hydroalcooliques et obtention d’une nouvelle famille de peptides antimicrobiens“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10103/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn view of the emergence of resistant bacteria, hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin by pepsin can be considered as an important way for the obtaining of antimicrobial peptides. Known alcohols as structural solvents were used to lead to a limited hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or trifluoroethanol were used in order to preserve or induce further structural changes of hemoglobin. Peptic hydrolysis of hemoglobin in hydroalcoholic solution has permitted to obtain less complex hydrolysate mainly composed of intermediate antimicrobial peptides. Structural changes of proteins were investigated using spectroscopic methods, such as, UV-visible spectophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroïsm. Use of 10% TFE was allowed to less complex hydrolysate, containing intermediate hydrophobic peptides. Neverless, concentration of these peptides was low. Use of 40% methanol, 30% ethanol, 20% propanol or 10% butanol has improved this concentration. These alcohols have induced and increased more specific activity of pepsin, located preferentially in C-terminal position of leucine. They have also made available the hydrophobic core of hemoglobin allowing to a new peptide family: 67-106 α family. This family showed antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (MIC: 35.2-187.1 μM) and displayed at the same time ACE inhibitory activity (IC50: 42.55-1095 μM)
Sabourin, Claire. „Etude et optimisation des propriétés technofonctionnelles et biologiques de co-produits marins ayant subi une hydrolyse enzymatique suivie d'une glycation“. Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0071/document.
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Soufi, Kechaou Emna. „Bioréacteur enzymatique couplé à l’ultrafiltration pour la valorisation des co-produits issus des industries de la pêche : application à la seiche Sepia officinalis“. Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is conducted in the framework of cuttlefish Sepia officinalis by-products up-grading from conditioning industries. It concerns the implementation of the enzymatic hydrolysis and the membrane separation processes to obtain valuable compounds such as peptides and lipids. The techniques used in this study belong to « clean technologies », environmentally sound involving moderate investment and low energy consumption. Hydrolysis of cuttlefish viscera had been carried out in two steps. The first one had objective to determine the efficiency of the enzymes on the matrixes investigated as well as the study area. Once the enzyme had been chosen, the second step was to optimize enzymatic hydrolysis using experimental designs, in order to obtain the highest small peptides recoveries the soluble phase and an antimicrobial activity. The fractionation on the protein hydrolysate according to the charge upon ion exchanging columms allowed determining the ionic profile of the antimicrobial peptides. Membrane fractionation (ultrafiltration) was then used as a second lever to act (i) on size distribution of peptides and (ii) on the activity level of the hydrolysates. First, small-scale fractionation was carried out on polyethersulfone and regenerated cellulose membranes with molecular weight cut-offs ranging from 1000 to 100 000 Da. Then, an scaling-up methodology was investigated by ultrafiltration of the hydrolysate on a pre-industrial pilot plant. The originality of this PhD work is (i) the enrichement of cuttlefish viscera hydrolysates with valuable compounds such as essential amino acids and the enhancement of the antimicrobial activity and (ii) the possibility to up-scale enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration integrating them in the conception of a complete industrial process
Viens, Laurence. „Effet des activités de transfert des lipides et d'hydrolyse des triglycérides sur la composition lipidique, la structure et l'oxydabilité des LDL“. Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU09.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIung, Catherine. „Les propriétés fonctionnelles des protéines du lactosérum : Étude modélisée avec la beta -lactoglobuline“. Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGalian, Barrueco Carmen. „Caractérisation de 2 transporteurs ABC (“ATP-Binding Cassette”) bactériens de fonction inconnue : YheI/YheH de Bacillus subtilis et Rv1747 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369447.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeux nouveaux transporteurs ABC bactériens, Rv1747 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis et YheI/YheH de Bacillus subtilis, potentiellement impliqués dans la résistance aux antibiotiques, ont été étudiés ici en réalisant une expression hétérologue chez Escherichia coli et en isolant des vésicules de membrane inversées. Ce système s'est avéré inapproprié pour l'étude du transporteur Rv1747, à cause vraisemblablement des différences entre E. coli et M. tuberculosis dans l'usage des codons. En revanche, nous avons obtenu un degré important de surexpression de YheI/YheH qui nous a permis de caractériser son activité de transport et d'hydrolyse de l'ATP. Nous avons ainsi montré que les deux protéines, YheI et YheH, s'associent pour former un exportateur hétérodimérique capable de transporter de multiples drogues, et que le rôle des deux sous-unités n'est pas identique dans le mécanisme catalytique du transporteur. Enfin, nous avons réussi à purifier le transporteur YheI/YheH avec un rendement élevé et dans un état fonctionnel stable, permettant d'approfondir sa caractérisation biochimique ainsi que d'obtenir des cristaux bidimensionnels pour une étude structurale par microscopie électronique.
Rabgaoui, Najat. „Modulation des défenses immunitaires humaines par les produits laitiers : interactions entre des peptides issus de l'hydrolyse des caséines bovines et les leucocytes polymorphonucléaires humains“. Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoukil, Abir. „Étude des performances du procédé d'ultrafiltration lors de la concentration d'hydrolysats trypsiques de β-lactoglobuline prétraitée par hautes pressions hydrostatiques“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29625.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnzymatic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) generates a large amount of peptide species including some bioactive peptides.However, the stepof protein hydrolysis can be improved by decreasing the digestion time while increasing the peptide yield. Several studies focused on the use of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to improve the denaturationof the native β-LG structure and thus to accelerate its enzymatic hydrolysis and yieldof bioactive peptides.Nevertheless, HHP is reported to affect the resulting peptide profiles by modifying hydrophobic/hydrophilic peptides ratiowhich may negatively affect the performance of ultrafiltration (UF) used to fractionate and concentrate bioactive peptides.Therefore, the aim of this project was to evaluate the performances of UF forthe filtration of tryptic hydrolysates generated after pre-pressurization ofβ-LGat 400 and 600 MPafor10min.After hydrolysate fractionation by UF in total recirculation modeand concentration modes, it has been demonstrated that β-LGpre-pressurization at 400 MPainduced the recovery ofhigher peptide relative abundance in the hydrolysates, including several bioactive peptides (VAGTWY and ALPMHIR), compared to other conditions(0.1 and 600 MPa).At the same time, permeate fluxes were 31% lower at 400 MPa. Characterization of peptide desorbedfrom UF membranes has shown that the antihypertensive peptide (ALPMHIR) was identified as the main fouling peptide.However, other negatively charged peptides were specifically identified at 400 MPa, including VAGTWY (an antioxidant and antidiabetic peptide). Consequently, while pre-pressurization of β-LGat400 MPa improved the recoveryof bioactive peptidescompared to other conditions, UF performances were negatively impacteddue to thisHHP pretreatment.
Jullian, Eric. „Isoforme foetale des chaînes lourdes de la myosine squelettique humaine : isolement, structure primaire et expression du messager“. Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD04.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlanchard, Sophie. „Ingénierie de glycoside hydrolases pour la glycosylation des protéines recombinantes“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe control of glycosylation of recombinant proteins presents a considerable stake in the development of therapeutic proteins production in heterologous expression systems. Indeed glycosylation plays a key role in their properties, in particular pharmacokinetic properties. The remodelling of N-glycosylation of recombinant proteins was considered via the use of glycosynthase Cel7B E197A from Humicola insolens. This enzyme must first of all be modified in order to be able to accomodate an N-acetylglucosaminyl group in the acceptor subsite +1. Molecular modelling studies highlighted two amino acids which could prevent from positioning a carbohydrate unit substituted in position 2. Various mutants were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis in order to study their substrate specificity. Their glycosynthase activities were characterized, showing the influence of the introduced mutations. Even if the desired substrate specificity has not been obtained, a modification of the regioselectivity of the glycosynthase was highlighted with a substrate substituted in position 2 by an azido group
Raphel, Véronique. „Purification et caractérisation de la N-acycleptide hydrolase intestinale de porc“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiorgi, Laurent Jean-Paul. „Cartographie structurale et fonctionnelle de la liaison entre la peptidyl-ARNt hydrolase et son substrat“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPXX0087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePagliero, Estelle. „Etude fonctionnelle de Pmp23, une nouvelle enzyme de clivage du peptidoglycane chez Streptococcus pneumoniae“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDemers, Mathieu Véronique. „Activité antimicrobienne d'un extrait peptidique issus d'un hydrolysat trypsique de protéines de lactosérum“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28671/28671.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEugenio, Francis Amann. „Équilibre et forme de l'apport en acides aminés dans l'alimentation : conséquences physiologiques et métaboliques chez le porc“. Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFeeding animals is crucial for their life because they need nutrients like amino acids (AA). They use these AA for various biological processes like the synthesis of proteins and other biomolecules. Although, the metabolic and physiological response of pigs to feeding AA depends both on the dietary profile and form. The metabolic response of pigs was assessed by studying the dynamic changes in the postprandial plasma concentrations of different metabolites. Furthermore, as mature and growing animals have different metabolic needs and use of dietary AA, we used adult and growing pigs to study dietary AA balance. Meanwhile, as the form of AA has a direct impact on the rate of absorption of AA in the intestinal lumen, physiological adaptations like changes in morphology and gene expression of AA and peptide transporters were measured.We found that feeding pigs with a diet with a balanced AA profile results in quicker utilization of dietary AA compared to a diet with an unbalanced AA profile. The use of AA in the peripheral tissues of adult pigs is slower compared to growing pigs, conversely, more AA are utilized in the first-pass for adult pigs compared to growing pigs. There is a big difference in the AA digestibility of intact proteins compared to free AA and small peptides as the latter two are immediately available without the need for digestion. This causes a difference in their bioavailability to peripheral tissues and the metabolic status of pigs. Furthermore, the form of dietary AA influences intestinal physiology as seen in the morphology and the abundance of various intestinal AA and peptide transporters in the different sections of the small intestine of pigs
Jain, Sanjay. „Etude génétique, enzymatique et fermentaire des protéines excrétées par un champignon mésophile : Penicillium occitanis et un champignon thermophile : Talaromyces sp : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]/ par Sanjay Jain“. Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Coeur Catherine. „Contribution à l'étude d'un hydrolysat pepsique de myoglobine de muscle squelettique rouge de thon Thunnus Albacares : caractérisation des peptides issus de l'hydrolyse étude de l'association hème-peptide“. La Rochelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LAROS011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChabanon, Gérald. „Hydrolyses enzymatiques d'isolats protéiques issus de tourteaux de colza : cinétique, modélisation, caractérisation et fonctionnalité des peptides“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHABANON_G.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis made it possible to study obtaining biologically active peptides or with functional properties through the development of processes for the preparation and the hydrolysis of protein isolates resulting from rapeseed cakes. First, a method of preparation of two protein isolates being different by the type of proteins (Globulin or Albumin) was developed. The two isolates do not have good functional properties but their partial hydrolysis by Alcalase 2. 4L improves some of them. Then, the hydrolytic action of commercial proteases (Alcalase 2. 4L, Pronase SG, Neutrase 0. 8L, Prolyve BS, Lypaïne 6500, Orientase 90N, Espérase 7. 5L) on the isolate of globulins was compared. The valorisation of the hydrolysates related to their capacity to promote the growth of animal cells cultivated in a serum-free medium. It was shown that the kinetics of hydrolysis, the size of produced peptides and the biological activity of the hydrolysates are significantly influenced by the specificity of the enzyme and there is a relation enzyme/ degree of hydrolysis (DH)/ targeted activity. Lastly, we showed for three different enzyme/substrate systems (Alcalase / Globulin, Pronase / Globulin and Alcalase / Albumin) that at given DH and pH, the peptide composition of the hydrolysates is independent of the initial enzyme and substrate concentrations and of the temperature. Thus, the prediction of the temporal evolution of the DH, whatever the values of precedent parameters, allows to control the generation of a peptide mixture with targeted properties. A model based on the reaction pathway of Michaelis-Menten was then built in order to simulate the hydrolysis kinetics in batch reactor. For that, limiting phenomena implied in the hydrolysis (inhibition or inactivation of the enzyme, modification of the substrate) were highlighted
Prost, Josiane. „Hydrolases pancréatiques : non-parallélisme entre la synthèse, le transport et l'excrétion“. Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMartinez, Thomas. „Les oomycètes microorganismes pathogènes de plantes : une nouvelle source de protéines pour l'utilisation des polymères lignocellulosiques“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOomycetes are fungal like microorganisms evolutionary distinct from true fungi that include pathogens of plants. CBEL is a cell wall glycoprotein isolated from the oomycete Phytophthora parasitica that is composed of two distinct regions linked by a threonine/proline rich linker. Each region owns a cellulose binding module (CBM1) and a PAN-Apple domain involved in protein-protein or proteins-polysaccharides interactions. Since CBEL is able to induce defense responses in numerous plant species, its use for the development of products able to protect crops has been envisaged. For this purpose we analysed the effect of an external CBEL treatment on plants. We found that in the presence of surfactants CBEL is able to induce cytosolic calcium changes, defense gene expression, and cell death on A. thaliana. CBEL application for crop protection requires the development of economically reliable production processes. In the case of proteinaceous elicitors, an attractive strategy to obtain large amount of elicitors is to express them in heterologous hosts such as bacteria or yeasts. CBELcol and CBELpic were produced respectively in E. coli and in P. pastoris. CBELcol is unglycosylated whereas CBELpic displays a glycosylation profile distinct from the native protein (CBELnat). We found that all these proteins are able to bind crystalline cellulose. On the other side we found that the elicitor activity of CBELpic is distinct from CBELnat and CBELcol suggesting that the glycosylation on CBEL can have an impact on its ability to induce plant defense responses after external treatment on A. thaliana. In the second part of this work the two CBMs (1-1 and 1-2) that form part of CBEL have been submitted to detailed characterization, first to better quantify their interaction with cellulose and second to determine whether these CBMs can be useful for biotechnological applications, such as biomass hydrolysis. A variety of biophysical techniques were used to study the interaction of the CBMs with various substrates and the data obtained clearly indicate that CBEL's CBM1-1 exhibits much greater cellulose binding ability than CBM1-2. Engineering of the family 11 xylanase from Talaromyces versatilis (TvXynB), an enzyme that naturally bears a family 1 CBM, has produced two variants. The first one lacks a CBM, whereas the second contains the CBEL CBM1-1 in the place of the natural CBM1. The study of these enzymes has revealed that wild type TvXynB binds to cellulose, probably via its CBM1, and that the substitution of its CBM by oomycetal CBM1-1 does not affect its activity on this substrate. Moreover, the presence of CBEL during the hydrolysis of wheat straw actually potentiates the action of TvXynB, a result that is consistent with the hypothesis that CBM1-1 can alter cellulose surface fibres rather like some other members of CBM family 1
Rolland, Martin. „Mise au point d'un hydrolysat enzymatique de protéines de lactosérum pour la fortification protéique d'un jus d'orange“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44951.pdf.
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