Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Hydrologie karstique – Jura (France ; massif)“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Hydrologie karstique – Jura (France ; massif)":
Cholet, Cybèle. „Fonctionnement hydrogéologique et processus de transport dans les aquifères karstiques du Massif du Jura“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD012/document.
The understanding of karst aquifer functioning is a major issue, given the complex structures of these reservoirs. The high heterogeneity of the flows induces a high vulnerability of these media and implies distinct behaviours during floods because of various infiltration processes. In the Jura Mountains, karst aquifers constitute the main source of water drinking supply and raise the question of their role in the degradation of water quality observed for several decades. This work uses complementary approaches to better understand the dynamics of floods in aquifers under various hydrological conditions. Several karst systems of the Jura Mountains, varying in size and characterized by distinct recharge processes, are investigated by detailed physico-chemical and hydrochemical monitoring.First, the different systems are compared at the hydrological cycle scale and at the seasonal scale to identify the dominant recharge processes (localized and/or diffuse infiltrations) as well as the characteristic hydrochemical signatures (allochtonous, autochthonous and/or anthropogenic). A comparative study of two systems with distinct recharge processes highlights the high seasonal variability of the hydrochemical response. The different systems are then analysed on a finer time scale to shed light on flood dynamics. An intense autumn flood was thus compared to smaller floods preceded by periods of significant low flow and marked by significant anthropogenic hydrochemical signatures. The EMMA (End-Member Mixing Analysis) method is applied to these results in order to establish the main hydrochemical end-members responsible for the characteristic contributions of the different systems.Then, considering the important transport of suspended matter during floods in these aquifers, part of this work aims to better understand the role and impact of these materials on dissolved and colloidal transport. Metal trace elements (ETM) are used to characterize the origin and transfer dynamics. These are relevant tools to identify the processes of storage and remobilization of the particles in the system. These dynamics are observed both on the Fourbanne system with an important localized infiltration, and on the small Dahon system, characterized by diffuse infiltration.Finally, in order to shed light on the spatio-temporal variability of the interactions that occur along the karst network during floods, a new modelling approach is defined. It is based upon the use of the diffusive wave and advectiondiffusion equations with the same mathematical resolution (Hayami's analytical solution (1951)) assuming a uniform distribution of the exchanges along the reach. An inverse modelling approach allows to identify and estimate the exchanges in terms of water flows and solute between two measurement stations. This methodology is applied to the Fourbanne system on two sections characterizing (1) the unsaturated zone and (2) unsaturated and saturated zone. The analysis of several floods highlights the different exchange dynamics on the two sections. It thus makes it possible to establish a functioning scheme of the system, bringing to light the important interactions in the saturated zone and also the storage role of the unsaturated zone in the karst system.This work offers a set of rich and complementary tools to better characterize the dynamics of floods and shows the importance of coupling the analysis of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical processes to better decipher the functioning of these aquifers
Abi, Nader Anthony. „Développement d'une approche intégrée en hydro-géophysique pour l'étude multi-échelle des réservoirs karstiques : le cas du bassin versant de Fourbanne dans le massif du Jura“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCD070.
Understanding the functioning of karst aquifers is essential for effective groundwater resource management and environmental protection. The intrinsic variability in karst terrain arises from the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, resulting in an intricate and interconnected network of fractures, sinkholes, caves, underground conduits, and surface depressions. This study focuses on the Fourbanne karstic watershed (Jura Mountains, France), hosting one main underground conduit accessible through a 20 m drilled shaft. This thesis offers various complementary approaches to better characterize the studied site while drawing upon different principles and analyzing jointly geophysical and hydrogeological data. Two main axes are developed: (1) study of the hydrodynamic functioning of the underground river and (2) study the 2D watershed's response to rainfall in terms of saturation and flow patterns. The underground river is continuously monitored by two long term broadband seismometers (located at the surface and underground), hydrogeological probes and a fiber optic cable for temperature measurements. We first propose a new approach based on a machine learning algorithm, the Random Forests (RF), and seismic noise recordings, to predict the underground river water height. We use data recorded from both of the long-term seismometers and yield a prediction with an efficiency above 95% and 53% for data from the underground and surface seismometers, respectively. The RF model proves to be a reliable method for remote monitoring of the water heights, even with weak river-induced signals. In a second step, we use Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing to survey temperature changes in the karst reservoir to improve our understanding of its recharge processes. We investigate in detail the temperature response of the river and one of its affluent to atmospheric changes based on a 6 months hydrogeophysical dataset. We show that precipitation events induce change in the river temperature. When the water height increases, it flows into adjacent conduit(s), pushing out long residence water stored in a reservoir/sink into the affluent. A local recharge is feeding the affluent, potentially with water infiltrating from the epikarst through ~E-W fracture system. In the second axis, we use the seismometer located underground and a dense seismic array of 60 nodes, deployed in the framework of this project for a period of 4 months, and compute single station cross-component correlations to recover seismic velocity variations. The objective is to monitor the long-term groundwater variations using 4 years data recorded at the underground seismometer, and investigate the groundwater circulation on the watershed scale as direct response to precipitation using the seismic array. The long-term analysis reveals seasonal variations generated by change in saturation between wet and dry seasons. Velocity variation and precipitation are concomitant, indicating fast infiltration mechanisms in highly fractured media. The seismic array yields anisotropic results, giving insight into the complex and heterogeneous nature of the studied site. The results show preferential flow patterns directions are highly variable within the karst. Finally, the results of this thesis provide new insights into the monitoring of karst reservoirs through hydrogeophysical techniques, highlighting the crucial role these techniques may play in studying such heterogeneous systems
Najib, Molaï Hamid Reza. „Etude de la structure et du fonctionnement hydrologique du bassin versant karstique de la doria (massif des bauges - savoie)“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE04.
Salperwyck, Marc. „Structure et réponses hydrochimiques d'un système karstique de plateau (bassin des Reculées de la Seille, Jura)“. Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2020.
Durand, Vincent. „Structure d'un massif karstique : relations entre déformations et facteurs hydro-météorologiques : Causse de l'Hortus - site des sources du Lamalou (Hérault)“. Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20074.
Cavalera, Thomas. „Etude du fonctionnement et du bassin d'alimentation de la source sous-marine de Port Miou (Cassis, Bouches-du-Rhône) : Approche multicritère“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11029.pdf.
This research work deals with the supplying and functioning conditions of the karstic brackish springs of Port Miou and the Bestouan, both the main outlets of Port Miou’s karstic littoral aquifer. The chosen methodology is a multiple criteria approach to hydrology, hydrogeology, speleomorphometry, as well as to the paleographic structure and inheritance of the whole karstic system. A year and a half has been necessary to process to the hydrometric monitoring of the submarine springs – a time of drought that has affected the entire lower Provence. The analysis of the mixing mecanisms between fresh water and sea water in the karstic aquifer shows that the contamination of the springs sustainably takes place through deep sea water intrusions in the network. The study of the floods reveals that the karstic network’s increase of the water head doesn’t lower the amount of sea water that is part of the mixing. Each rise in the water level is characterized by an additional supplying of fresh water into the karst conduit which contributes to cause a drop in the spring water’s salinity and temperature. The reappraisal of the water balance of the main Jurassico-Cretaceous massifs in the region of Marseille reveals the potential existence of important deep karstic flows from which Port Miou’s aquifer could benefit. It seems justified to suggest that this system is structured along a karstification spreading deeply and vastly, and today partly drowned into the sea. The genesis and the organization of that deep and vast karst can be explained by the Messinian model of karstification recently adopted to the development of many perimediteranean karstic aquifers
Besseyrias, Claire. „Identification des domaines aquifères sur socle cristallophyllien et volcanique hétérogène : approche hydrochimique (Socle oriental du Cézallier, Massif central français)“. Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20275.
Maurin, Yves. „Contribution à l'étude de l'hydrologie karstique des formations carbonatées de la bordure orientale des Grands Causses français“. Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20212.
Martin, Philippe. „Hydromorphologie des géosystèmes karstiques des versants Nord et Ouest de la Sainte Baume (Bouches-du-Rhône, Var ; France) : étude hydrologique, hydrochimique et de vulnérabilité à la pollution“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX23001.
Sainte Baume (Bouches du Rhône, Var ; France) is the most southern massif of lower carbonated Provence. Its structure results from resumption of south provencal overthrust by the tectonic major ponto-pilocene phase. Its complex geologic structures are cut at right angle by a fluviatile drainage s. N. This disposition determines a partition of underground drainage. Total outflow goes up to eight hundred litres per second and mean of major springs are modest. This massif includes all types of function as defined by A. Mangin. It is drained on three levels and according to three axes: n. Towards local springs; towards the oriental and occidental lower spring; towards sub-marine springs. Hydrochemical and bacteriological analyses show that these waters are of great quality. A relation between the springs altitude and the value of the exhaustion coefficient proves that underground and areal drainage cannot be dissociated. Morphological studies of fluviatile river basins show that their main dimensions are linked. As underground drainage cannot be analysed by a morphological study we have developed a more theoretical approach resting on the principles developed by thermodynamics of irreversible phenomena. Drainage structures thus have coherence which must guide all reconstitution: Sainte Baume which has undergone many changes in drainage orientation is an old karst. Ancient morphology continues to play a part in the actual hydrological function as this karst have never been subjected to major upheavals which would have excluded these ancient structures from the drainage pattern
Guyomard, Anne. „Etude structurale et hydrogéologique de la terminaison occidentale du Massif des Mémises et de ses relations avec le complexe détritique quaternaire d'Evian“. Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00088561.
La terminaison SW des Mémises correspond à une succession de blocs séparés par des accidents normaux-listriques orientés N20°E à regard SW. L'analyse microstructurale montre la contemporanéité de ces structures et des structures plicatives déjà connues. Les résultats numériques obtenus s'intègrent dans les champs de contraintes régionaux connus (système décrochant, σ1 orienté N160°E) et sont en accord avec les travaux réalisés dans les Préalpes Romandes.
Les paramètres structuraux et lithologiques accréditent un schéma de circulations des eaux possible pour la zone d'étude : écoulement W-E au sein du Mont Bénant - Massif Mémises et N-S ainsi que S-N au sein les accidents listriques. Ce schéma a été testé, sur la période février 2005 – janvier 2006, en réalisant le bilan hydrologique à partir de la délimitation des bassins versants (BV) et de l'implantation de 2 stations météorologiques et de 5 stations limnimétriques. Les bilans hydrologiques des BV sont globalement équilibrés. Les BV ne peuvent donc participer à l'alimentation des aquifères de Gavot que dans la marge d'erreur des bilans (jusqu'à 15 à 20 L.s-1).
Enfin, les traçages chimiques et les teneurs en δ18O des eaux (sources, forages) révèlent que les écoulements se font dans le substratum rocheux d'W en E via le réseau karstique pour le synclinal des Mémises et d'W en E et d'E en W sur fractures pour le Mont-Bénant.
L'ensemble de ces résultats confirme la cohérence de la politique de préservation des ressources mise en place par Danone Eaux France.