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Sokic, Mirjana. „Hume’s theory of motivation: The problem of calm passions“. Theoria, Beograd 61, Nr. 1 (2018): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1801103s.
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It is often claimed that Hume?s doctrine of calm passions represents a text-book case of an ad hoc supposition introduced to save Hume?s theory of motivation from insurmountable objections. One famous example of this sort of criticism can be found in the writings of Barry Stroud, who claims that Hume?s doctrine of calm passions cannot avoid circularity and, more importantly, it directly contradicts one of Hume?s fundamental principles-i.e. the ?incorrigibility thesis?-according to which we cannot be mistaken about the contents of our own minds at any given moment. Although it is hard to deny that Straud?s objections have certain philosophical appeal, I will argue that there is a way to save Hume?s doctrine of calm passions. Following arguments presented by Daniel Shaw, I will defend the claim that calm passion should be understood as unactualized dispositions.
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Azeri, Siyaves. „Hume’s theory of social constitution of the self“. Filozofija i drustvo 30, Nr. 4 (2019): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1904511a.
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Hume distinguishes between the self of thought and imagination and the self of the passions. He is criticized for contradicting himself as he allegedly attributes fictitiousness to the self in book one of the Treatise but later reintroduces the self in books two and three. Hume?s account of the idea of the self, however, is not contradictory: he shows the impossibility of a pure associationist-empiricist account of the self. Instead, he proposes a social account of the constitution of the idea of the self and consciousness. In doing so, Hume?s account of the self anticipates social-historical theories of the self.
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Stamenkovic, Bogdana. „Hume, dialogues and harmony of the universe“. Theoria, Beograd 65, Nr. 4 (2022): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2204077s.
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This paper provides epistemological support for one of Hume?s numerous critiques of the teleological arguments for God?s existence. Hume explores the following question: can we explain the observed harmony of the universe without appealing to the work of an intelligent creator? The answer, presented through the character of Philo, appears to be positive. I will try to defend this position. Following Hume?s theory of space, and exploring the relation between ideas of the whole and relation, I will show the universe can be seen as finite space with definite numbers of parts which are spatially and causally interconnected. Because all changes occur on the basis of Hume?s principle of causation, we can say the harmony of the universe is established and maintained precisely because of the changes happening on the basis of causation. If this is the case, the role of the intelligent creator appears to be redundant.
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Sljukic, Slavenko. „The contstructivistic defence of the objectivity of moral standards and natural law that does not require the debate on moral realism“. Filozofija i drustvo 28, Nr. 3 (2017): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1703653s.
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The main goal of Kenneth R. Westphal?s How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law: Justifying Strict Objectivity without Debating Moral Realism is to defend the objectivity of moral standards and natural law and thus avoid the discussion about moral realism and its alternatives by interpreting Hume and Kant in a constructivistic sense. The reason behind the author?s disagreement with both: moral realism and non-realism (its alternative) is our inability to properly understand and answer one of the two parts in Socrates? question to Euthyphro: ?Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved?? Moral realists cannot provide an answer to its second part, since it is not possible to prove that moral standards are not artificial; conversely, moral non-realists cannot provide an answer to its first part, since it is not possible to avoid the relatitvity of moral standards. The author tends to solve this problem by avoiding the confrontation between moral realism and non-realism and thus choosing the constuctivistic stance that, as he argues, can be found in both Hume?s and Kant?s theories. The main point of this stance is that moral standards are indeed artificial, yet not arbitrary. He proves this by pointing out that both Hume and Kant treat the moral standards as a social fact (that is, artificial), but also as objective. Westphal points out that Hume explicitly writes about moral standards as a social fact, while showing that, at the same time, his theory of justice, which precedes all of the moral standards, is established independently of his theory of moral sentiments (potentially leading to moral relativism). In this manner, he provides the objectivity of those standards. On the other hand, Kant?s theory is interpreted as advanced, yet similar to Hume?s in its structure. The crucial similarity is that both Hume and Kant interpret the moral standards as a social fact (that is, as an artificial) and, at the same time, as the objective ones. Kant, unlike Hume, provides this objectivity by using a specific moral criterion - a categorical imperative. Those assumptions will be used as the main premises of a distinctively inspiring interpretation of Hume?s and Kant?s theories of justice.
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Warren, Andrew. „"Incomprehensible Contexture[s]": Laurence Sterne and David Hume on Entanglement“. SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 59, Nr. 3 (2019): 581–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sel.2019.0026.
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Stefanovic, Igor. „Hume’s understanding of causal explanation“. Theoria, Beograd 58, Nr. 3 (2015): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1503123s.
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This article deals with actuality of Hume?s positive thesis about causality, specifically in modern science. According to Dauer, Hume in his Treatise of Human Nature does not deal with scientific theory which allows us, in modern times, to come to the truth, and then necessity. Also, he claims that observation alone, without theory is useless, which is the reason why we need science to predict future events. I intend to show that all three claims are incorrect, and to show an intimate connection of causality and our intuitions.
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Kreyche, Jenna. „How We Are Moral“. Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 4, Nr. 1 (11.09.2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.4.1.27-38.
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In this paper, I reconstruct Hobbes’ theory of self-love. I then examine Hume’s arguments that (i) self-love does not properly account for moral behavior and (ii) self-love is unnecessary for moral theory. I argue that Hobbesian self-love can account for both of Hume’s objections. Further, I use an analysis of Hobbes’ Deliberation to show, contra Hume, that self-love does not entail a lack of intention in moral action.
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Lottenbach, Hans. „Monkish Virtues, Artificial Lives: On Hume's Genealogy of Morals“. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 26, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1996.10717458.
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The merchant's toil, the sage's indolence,The monk's humility, the hero's pride,All, all alike, find Reason on their side.(Pope, An Essay on Man, Epistle II, 172-4)Hume's moral philosophy is often interpreted as an example of a naturalistic approach to ethics. J.L. Mackie, for instance, writes that in Hume the questions of moral philosophy are answered ‘in sociological and psychological terms, by constructing and defending a causal hypothesis.’ Similarly, Páll S. Árdal claims that Hume ‘is concerned with an attempt to discover those psychological laws that explain human emotions (including moral emotions) and the behaviour of people in society.’ I argue in this essay that if Hume is read in this way as developing a general explanatory theory of moral sentiments, he faces an inescapable dilemma. Section I presents the dilemma. In sections II and ill, I argue why for Hume — interpreted as a proponent of general psychological laws — there is no way out of this dilemma.
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Sayre-McCord, Geoffrey. „On Why Hume's “General Point of View” Isn't Ideal–and Shouldn't Be“. Social Philosophy and Policy 11, Nr. 1 (1994): 202–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004350.
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It is tempting and not at all uncommon to find the striking—even noble—visage of an Ideal Observer staring out from the center of Hume's moral theory. When Hume claims, for instance, that virtue is “whatever mental action or quality gives to a spectator the pleasing sentiment of approbation,” it is only natural to think that he must have in mind not just any spectator but a spectator who is fully informed and unsullied by prejudice. And when Hume writes that “the true standard of taste and beauty” is set by those who exhibit “[s]trong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice,” he appears to describe a character no ordinary human could actually possess. Indeed, Hume's frequent appeals to the moral sentiments of spectators, his insistence that those sentiments depend upon taking “the general survey,” and his persistent invocation of the general point of view (and the corrections it requires), together make the temptation almost irresistible.
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Bonaccini, Juan A. „Kant e o estatuto dos milagres“. Analytica - Revista de Filosofia 15, Nr. 2 (01.08.2013): 39–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35920/arf.v15i2.626.
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Sabe-se que o estatuto e a crença em "milagres" têm sido objeto de disputas e controvérsias na história da filosofia moderna, mas geralmente se ignora que Kant elaborou uma teoria bastante idiossincrática acerca dos milagres.As poucas menções que se encontram na literatura evidenciam um status quaestionis que ora equipara e assimila a posição de Kant à de Hume, com base numa análise que privilegia certa interpretação da sua epistemologia (Peddicord, 2001), ora reconhece algumas diferenças entre ambas as posições, mas tomando como base apenas a crítica kantiana da religião (Nuyen, 2002). Nesse contexto, meu objetivo central é apresentar, discutir e avaliar a viabilidade da teoria kantiana dos milagres. Em primeiro lugar,argumento que tanto aqueles que defendem que Kant acreditava em milagres (ou teria defendido a crença em milagres), como Nuyen (2002), quanto os que sustentam que para Kant milagres são impossíveis, como Peddicord (2001), devem enfrentar evidência textual contrária a sua posição. Em segundo lugar, destaco e analiso algumas passagens naReligião para mostrar (contra Nuyen) que quando Kant fala sobre os milagres é claramente negativo quanto a sua credibilidade; e (contra Peddicord), que nem por isso quer dar a entender que milagres seriam impossíveis em si mesmos. Na terceira e última parte do estudo proponho analisar e discutir algumas passagens pouco conhecidas das Preleções de Metafísica para mostrar que Kant sustenta uma concepção não-humeana acerca dos milagres, a qual, não obstante, é diferente daquela de Baumgarten e constitui um aperfeiçoamento do tratamento coetâneo naReligião, porque não apenas deixa explicitamente aberta a possibilidade lógica dos milagres, mas também autoriza admitir "milagres" do ponto de vista prático. No final, defendo que essa abordagem dos milagres é compatível com uma reconstrução do Idealismo transcendental. Abstract:It is well known that both status and belief in "miracles" have been subject to disputation and controversy in the history of modern philosophy and ideas, but it is usually ignored that Kant developed a quite idiosyncratic theory of miracles. The few references in literature show a rather controversial picture: either one assimilates Kant´s position to Hume´s rejection of miracles based on a certain interpretation of critical and pre-critical texts (Peddicord 2001), or one recognizes differences between both Kant and Hume conceptions based only on Kant´s (Nuyen 2002). I take position in the debate and my main purpose is to present, discuss and evaluate the feasibility of Kant´s theory of miracles. First, I analyze the available evidence and arguments for both parties and suggest that both those who argue that Kant believed, or defended belief in miracles, as Nuyen, and those who argue that for Kant miracles are impossible, as Peddicord, must face textual evidence contrary to their position. Second, I highlight and analyze a few key passages in theReligion and argue, first, that Kant is here against the credibility or belief in miracles; and second, that he does not imply to mean that miracles are in themselves impossible. In the third part of my study I analyze and discuss crucial passages in the Metaphysics Lectures and suggest that Kant defends a non-Humean conception of miracles, which nevertheless is different from that of Baumgarten and improves his treatment in the Religion. Moreover, I suggest that Kant not only leaves explicitly open the logical possibility of miracles, but also allows for admitting "miracles" from the practical standpoint. In the end, I argue that this approach of miracles is compatible with transcendental idealism.Recebido em 08/2012Aprovado em 10/2012
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Kościuczyk, Wojciech. „Do We Really Exist? Eastern Inspirations in Thomas Metzinger’s Self-model Theory of Subjectivity“. Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture New Series, Nr. 18 (2/2023) (Oktober 2023): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24506249pj.23.013.19554.
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This paper is an analysis of Thomas Metzinger’s self-model theory of subjectivity (SMT). Metzinger claims that beyond the biological organism and its properties, there is no individual and distinct entity that can be regarded as “self”. What really exists is the phenomenal sense of being self, which creates the illusion of the existence of something permanent. Taking the concepts of David Hume and certain early Buddhists thinkers as his starting point, Metzinger claims that during introspection, which is a type of phenomenal experience, we find nothing stable, but only impermanent impressions. As he argues, this hypothesis is supported by empirical neuroscience research, which should be considered when studying human subjectivity. Drawing extensively from the results of science and philosophy of mind, he proposes a concept of a phenomenal self-model (PSM). The PSM integrates information about the whole biological organism and makes it available from the first-person perspective. The first part of the paper presents the key issues of the SMT and the four aspects of Metzinger’s critique of the concept of the substantial self. The paper also offers a critical analysis of some of Metzinger’s ideas. The second section discusses the common features as well as differences between the SMT and the Buddhist concept of non-self (s. anātman, p. anattā). It also aims to analyse certain problematic issues of the notion of anattā and demonstrate some of the challenges connected with the use of a comparative method.
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MIKHAILOV, Anton, Viktor BESPALKO und Anastasia KORZHENYAK. „Development of English Legal Positivism from Bentham to Salmond and Brown: Leading Ideas in the Context of the Common Law Tradition“. WISDOM 1, Nr. 1 (10.12.2021): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v1i1.669.
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This article examines the peculiarities of the evolution of English legal positivism, which was the only direction of understanding law formed by professional lawyers, expressing the specifics of their legal consciousness, focused on understanding positive law and the practice of its implementation. The authors examine the key concepts that define the historical trajectory and problem field of legal positivism in the Anglo-American tradition, analyzing the legal teachings of T. Hobbes, D. Hume, J. Bentham, J. Austin, M. Hale, W. Blackstone, J. W. Salmond and W. J. Brown. The attention is drawn to the fact that Salmond lays down objections to the concept of law as a rule of the state and considers its main shortcomings. In his work “Jurisprudence or the Theory of Law”, Salmond presents the flaws and omissions of the “imperative theory of law”, among the proponents of which he names T. Hobbes, S. von Pufendorf, J. Bentham and J. Austin. Brown believes that the essence of law can be expressed by a set of three concepts: “will”, “command” and “reason”, and the just conception of law implies recognition of the elements of unity, growth and growth that is consciously directed towards the realization and achievement of the goal.
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Platts, Mark. „Deseos distinguidos“. Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 26, Nr. 76-77 (07.01.1994): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1994.936.
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1. In the paper "Distinguished Desires”, Mark Platts examines three basic, widely spread opinions about desires:
(i) Desires are not susceptible of a reasonable evaluation nor can be a product of reason.
(ii) Desires are active powers, internal forces which prompt the agents to act.
(iii) Desires are not propositional attitudes.
2. Adopting the first opinion has carried along several consequences in all realms of our life, particularly in the socio-political one. But Platts fights that conception of desire as something immune to reasonings: he thinks that there are ways of reasonably supporting judgements about desires. Take the desire of power for example; we can come to notice that in order to satisfy such a desire it is necessary to adopt a "political way of life”, and that this in turn seems to require a lack of sensibility towards genuine moral concerns and a disposition to give up one’sown convictions. These considerations, Platts suggests, might be taken as a support —and indeed a reasonable one— for some judgement about the desire of power. A reasonable evaluation about the desire of power can thus take place. Whether thoseconsiderations could possibly have some bearing on the actions of a person who has the desire is another matter.
3. In order to combat the extended view of desires as active powers, Platts endorses Thomas Reid’s critique of several ideas related to this conception in its philosophical expression. First, Reid notices that one who adopts the view that every intentional action is prompted by a desire —a motive, in Reid’s terms—, and that when there are "contrary motives” the strongest must be the one which determines the agent to act, is comparing motives and actions with ordinary causes and effects. A seriousdifficulty with such a comparison is that, on Reid’s own words, "nothing is left to the agent, but to be acted upon by the motives”. Secondly, he sees that this model of human action is in need of some notion of the comparative intensity of desires,in the light of which the thesis that "when there are contrary motives, the strongest must prevail” is either trivial or empirically false. Thirdly, Reid detects a difficulty with those cases in which there is no motive on the other side and the only one available must dictate the action: this, he claims, would lead us to deny "such thing as willfulness, caprice or obstinacy among mankind”.
4. Platts examines the rejection of the thesis that holds that desires are propositional attitudes. Hume is traditionally interpreted (Kenny is the best example) as maintaining this third conception of desires, for he writes that a passion or desire is "an original existence” which "contains not any representativequality”, and that this is why passions cannot be opposed by reason, since the objects of reason are "ideas, consider’d as copies, with those objects, which they represent”. The targets of our desires, on the other hand, are not any "real relations of ideas” nor "real existences”. As Platts reads Hume, this is so because our desires are directed to the world of realities, even though they do not purport to represent it but to modify it.
Nevertheless, Platts does not conclude, as Kenny does, that Hume denies the propositional character of desires. Rather, in Hume’s theory, the object of the attitude of desire shall be, indeed, some "idea” or proposition, whereas the objective of the state of desire shall never be some "real existence”. It may now be inferred (although not in a straightforward way) that Hume should agree with the thesis that desires are isolated from reason. "Given Hume’s ideas on causal relations and rational relations —Platts writes— Hume cannot have any coherent idea of reasonable causation (of the relation of giving rise to).” It will be impossible for him to reconcile the causal role of mental states with the rationalization role of the propositional contents of those states. Thus, Hume has to render as senseless the idea of a process of reasoning taking place within the natural world; consequently, for him there cannot be a process of reasoning directed to evaluate or modify the desires, "original existences”, one happens to have.
5. The last philosopher that Platts takes into consideration is the Bertrand Russell of The Analysis of Mind, who does maintain a non-propositional theory of desires. First of all, Platts considers it convenient to take a look at Russell’s ideas on beliefs. In his analysis, a belief has three elements: the attitude of believing, "an actual experienced feeling”; the content of the belief, which consists in "present occurrences in the believer”; and the objective of the belief, "the particular fact that makes a given belief true or false”. Now, the contents of the beliefs, Russell claims, might be identified with propositions, although from this he does not derive that the objects of desires are not propositions. His argument against the conception of desires as propositional attitudes (which he supposes to be a "common sense” opinion) is of another kind: he invokes the existence of two phenomena which challenge that conception, to wit, the frequency with which human beings act upon unconscious desires, on the one hand, and, on the other, the fact that non-human animals act from mere "impulsion[s] from behind”, not from "attraction[s] from the future”; and if non-human animals do not have purposes, why should we believe, in spite of Darwin, that human beings do have them?
Russell thinks that our faith in rationality is inspired by the fact that humans usually have beliefs about their own desires, about which objects would satisfy such desires. He then sketches a theory that tries to prove that attributing a desire does not require attributing beliefs about that same desire (unconscious desires are, by definition, desires lacking any kinds of beliefs about them). Those beliefs are to be separated from the desire itself, which therefore proves to be non-propositional. Even though beliefs about desires do not seem to represent a problem for Russell’s theory, Platts finds that practical deliberation poses a serious difficulty for it. Take the concepts of a reason to act and of an intentional action: if desires do not have objects, the contents of an agent’s belief could never link with the inexistent contents of that agent’s desires. A belief could not give rise to an intentional action directed to satisfy some given desire in the absence of another specific desire with some specific content, i.e., the desire to have the first desire satisfied. Russell is cautious and avoids the use of such problematic concepts, but the truth is that the concept of intentional action is not so easily dispensable.
[Laura Lecuona]
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Yulsyofriend, Mafardi, Tia Novela, Vivi Anggraini und Adi Priyanto. „Stimulating Children's Numerical Literacy: The Effectiveness of Singing Favorite Food Songs“. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 17, Nr. 1 (30.04.2023): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.171.11.
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Numerical literacy is the ability needed to use number ideas and arithmetic skills in everyday situations as well as the ability to analyze quantitative data around children. This study aims to determine the effect of the intervention of singing favorite food songs on children's numerical literacy. Using a pretest-posttest experimental design with a control group, this study involved 20 children as research objects, consisting of 10 experimental class children and 10 control class children. The results of the study showed that singing activities with the theme of favorite food influenced the numerical literacy of kindergarten children. This singing activity attracts children's interest, thus showing a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. Therefore, for further research, it is suggested that early childhood educators can always take advantage of artistic activities such as singing to attract children's interest in any learning.
Keywords: early childhood, numerical literacy, singing activities
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Santos-Luiz, C. dos. (2007). The learning of music as a means to improve mathematical skills.
Sarnecka, B. W., & Wright, C. E. (2013). The Idea of an Exact Number: Children’s Understanding of Cardinality and Equinumerosity. Cognitive Science, 37(8), 1493–1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12043
Singh, N. (2016). Mathematics and Music. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 5(10). https://doi.org/DOI: 10.36106/ijsr
Slusser, E. B., & Sarnecka, B. W. (2011). Find the picture of eight turtles: A link between children’s counting and their knowledge of number word semantics. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.03.006
Taylor, S. V., & Leung, C. B. (2020). Multimodal Literacy and Social Interaction: Young Children’s Literacy Learning. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00974-0
Vaiouli, P., & Friesen, A. (2016). The Magic of Music: Engaging Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Early Literacy Activities With Their Peers. Childhood Education, 92(2), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2016.1150745
Vaiouli, P., & Ogle, L. (2015). Music Strategies to Promote Engagement and Academic Growth of Young Children with ASD in the Inclusive Classroom. Young Exceptional Children, 18(2), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096250614523968
Vaughn, K. (2000). Music and Mathematics: Modest Support for the Oft-Claimed Relationship. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 34(3/4), 149–166. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/3333641
Wagner, J. B., & Johnson, S. C. (2011). An association between understanding cardinality and analog magnitude representations in preschoolers. Cognition, 119(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.11.014
Whitehurst, G. J., & Lonigan, C. J. (1998). Child Development and Emergent Literacy. Child Development, 69(3), 848–872. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06247.x
Wynn, K. (1990). Children’s understanding of counting. Cognition, 36(2), 155–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(90)90003-3
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Lee , Nami, Chankyu Lee und Haenghoon Lee . „Choi Hanki`s Theory of Gampyeong as a Diagnostic Tool －From Modern Psychiatric Perspectives－“. Journal of Humanities 66 (30.08.2017): 247–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31310/hum.066.08.
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Vermeulen, Pieter. „Between Positivism and T. S. Eliot: Imagism and T. E. Hulme“. Orbis Litterarum 64, Nr. 1 (Februar 2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0730.2008.00942.x.
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Segal, E. „Theorists of Modernist Poetry: T. S. Eliot, T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound“. Poetics Today 31, Nr. 2 (25.05.2010): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-2009-026.
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Lee , Jung-min. „A Study on Early Translation of Freud`s Works in Korea － With Focus on Sang-chang PAEK`s Theory of Sexual Desire (性慾論) and Yong-ho LEE`s Selected Works (選集) －“. Journal of Humanities 65 (30.05.2017): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31310/hum.065.07.
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Mititelu, A. „Schizophrenia -end of classical dopamine theory? what” s next?“ European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73157-1.
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IntroductionSchizophrenia (SZ) remains the most challenging psychiatric pathology at moment despite huge efforts made with the scope to achieve a clear better understanding of its etiology and pathophysiology. at least 1% of world populations suffers from this disease.ObjectiveAn avalanche of recent studies reveals the massive importance of glutamate abnormalities which appear in the debut phases and contribute essentially to the further development of severe symptoms. Old, classical and peculiar dopamine hypothesis starts day by day to become less feasible.AimsBased on a better understanding will be more efficient to develop more efficient therapeutic products. Based on more accuracy and real understanding of GABA and Glutamate roles in the pathophysiology of SZ is possible for staring more efficient therapiesMethodsIn this sense we realised a thematical research study from vast bibliographical resources.between 2000–2009 all basic research and clinic-pathological studies, indexed on Pubmed, Medline and Wiley Science Library had been reviewed.ResultsSimple mechanical appreciation shows, unfortunately, that at moment dopamine theory still dominates the etio-pathology of this major psychiatric syndrome. In fact dopamine variations are secondary to glutamate dysfunctions. We don’t need to forget that most of actual treatments-second generation of antipsychotics- had been produced on basis of dopamine hyperfunction theory. The importance of glutamate and GABA deficiencies, which offer a more clear and logical explanation of pathology seen in SZ, cannot be considered as secondary to hypodopaminergic frontality or to hyperdopaminergic inputs from nucleus accumbens.
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Al-Afeef, Mohammad AbdelMohsen. „Capital Asset Pricing Model, Theory and Practice: Evidence from USA (2009-2016)“. International Journal of Business and Management 12, Nr. 8 (18.07.2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n8p182.
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This study discussed the Capital Assets Pricing model (CAPM) and its ability to measure the required return, the researcher tested this model on Amazon Company listed in S&P 500 during the period (2009-2016), to measure the impact of beta stock and market index return on the required return. Multiple regression model was used to test the effect of independent variables (Beta stock, Market Index Return) on the dependent variable (Required return), it should be noted that there is a statistically significant impact of the US stock market Return (S&P500) and Amazon stock Beta factor on Amazon stock required return, and the study model explanatory was 20% , this means that 20% of the changes in the required return are due to beta and market return, and 80% of the changes due to other factors, also find that CAPM can be applied on efficiency markets and huge companies.The researcher recommends applying the variables of the study on a group of large companies in the S&P 500 index, and looking for other factors that may affect the required return.
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De Sales, Rodrigo, und José Augusto Chaves Guimarães. „Contributions of Julius Otto Kaiser to the theoretical framework of Knowledge Organization: basis for the analytical-synthetic method“. NASKO 4, Nr. 1 (31.10.2013): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/nasko.v4i1.14656.
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In order to highlight the contributions of Kaiser´s systematic indexing to the theoretical and methodological landscape of Knowledge Organization, this study presents Kaiser as a pioneer of the analytical-synthetic method and, as a consequence, as a starting point of Ranganathan´s faceted theory. In this sense, Kaiser´s indexing principles are analyzed in relation to his oeuvres as well as his theoretical convergences with Otlet, Ranganathan, Hulme and Cutter. The methodological approach is based on William James´ pragmatism which combines the observation of Kaiser´s oeuvres and the identification of his methodological procedures options and propositions that allow us to confirm Kaiser as the pioneer of the analytical-synthetic method in LIS.
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Yazirli, Yonca, und Betül Kan-Kilinç. „COMPARISON OF ALGORITHMS BASED ON ROUGH SET THEORY FOR A 3-CLASS CLASSIFICATION“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, Nr. 8 (31.08.2019): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.689.
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There are various data mining techniques to handle with huge amount of data sets. Rough set based classification provides an opportunity in the efficiency of algorithms when dealing with larger datasets. The selection of eligible attributes by using an efficient rule set offers decision makers save time and cost. This paper presents the comparison of the performance of the rough set based algorithms: Johnson’ s, Genetic Algorithm and Dynamic reducts. The performance of algorithms is measured based on accuracy, AUC and standard error for a 3-class classification problem on training on test data sets. Based on the test data, the results showed that genetic algorithm overperformed the others.
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Wu, Xuesong, und Ming Dong. „A local scattering theory for the effects of isolated roughness on boundary-layer instability and transition: transmission coefficient as an eigenvalue“. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 794 (30.03.2016): 68–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.125.
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This paper is concerned with the rather broad issue of the impact of abrupt changes (such as isolated roughness, gaps and local suctions) on boundary-layer transition. To fix the idea, we consider the influence of a two-dimensional localized hump (or indentation) on an oncoming Tollmien–Schlichting (T–S) wave. We show that when the length scale of the former is comparable with the characteristic wavelength of the latter, the key physical mechanism to affect transition is through scattering of T–S waves by the roughness-induced mean-flow distortion. An appropriate mathematical theory, consisting of the boundary-value problem governing the local scattering, is formulated based on triple deck formalism. The transmission coefficient, defined as the ratio of the amplitude of the T–S wave downstream of the roughness to that upstream, serves to characterize the impact on transition. The transmission coefficient appears as the eigenvalue of the discretized boundary-value problem. The latter is solved numerically, and the dependence of the eigenvalue on the height and width of the roughness and the frequency of the T–S wave is investigated. For a roughness element without causing separation, the transmission coefficient is found to be approximately 1.5 for typical frequencies, indicating a moderate but appreciable destabilizing effect. For a roughness causing incipient separation, the transmission coefficient can be as large as $O(10)$, suggesting that immediate transition may take place at the roughness site. A roughness element with a fixed height produces the strongest impact when its width is comparable with the T–S wavelength, in which case the traditional linear stability theory is invalid. The latter however holds approximately when the roughness width is sufficiently large. By studying the two hump case, a criterion when two roughness elements can be regarded as being isolated is suggested. The transmission coefficient can be converted to an equivalent $N$-factor increment, by making use of which the $\text{e}^{N}$-method can be extended to predict transition in the presence of multiple roughness elements.
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Palshin, N. A. „MEMORY PAGES. LEONID LVOVICH VANYAN (1932–2001)“. Journal of Oceanological Research 50, Nr. 1 (28.04.2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2022.50(1).9.
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March 2022 marks the 90th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Soviet and Russian geophysicist, Professor Leonid Lvovich Vanyan. L. L. Vanyan was the author of bright scientific ideas and classic books, a talented scientist who brought up more than dozens followers. The works of L. L. Vanyan, together with the works of M. N. Berdichevsky, made a huge contribution to the theory of electromagnetic sounding, developing the fundamental works of the founders of electromagnetic methods – V. R. Bursian, A. P. Kraev, S. M. Sheinman, A. S. Semenov, L. M. Alpin. Most of the modern technologies and methods of electromagnetic studies of the deep structure of the Earth, including seafloor electromagnetic sounding, are based on this theoretical basis.
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Wladika, Michael. „Thinking the family: institutionalism versus globalism. Theoretical clarity, strange developments & huge problems“. Forum Teologiczne 23 (25.11.2022): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ft.8013.
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This text intends to show: First: There is no theoretical unclarity surrounding the notion of the family. Taken together, its spelling-out in Aristotle and St. Augustine is, as it were: perfect, intellectually completely satisfying. One could even go so far as to say that this is a truth universally acknowledged among those who know what they are talking about. This is recapitulated with a special stress on theoretical stringency. But then: There seem to be many cultured despisers of the family. The force of the zeitgeist runs strong here, and it will not simply go away. Strange developments lead to and huge problems surround and result from social atomism, anti-institutionalistic and globalistic concepts. This is developed ex negativo, against the background of robust institutionalism. Jürgen Habermas` destructive universalism e.g. can be understood via concentration on Arnold Gehlen`s institution-theory.
The text tries to lead to insight into this syllogism: Man is institutionalistic by nature. Globalism or internationalism is intrinsically anti-institutionalistic. Globalism or internationalism therefore directly leads to the abolition of man.
But, finally: Of course all this can be overcome. The way to transcend the zeitgeist-tendencies is the only necessary institution, the family. The family liberates practically, and it clarifies theoretically.
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Gucma, Milena. „Types of Consciousness of English Teachers in Lower Secondary Schools in the Light of Paulo Freire’s Theory“. New Educational Review 31 (2013): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/tner.13.31.1.10.
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The ever-growing need for learning, especially the English language becoming lingua franca, has created a huge challenge for teachers of English. There have been many conceptions of the teacher`s role and the work they perform, however, these notions do not constitute a perfect model of a teacher as an educator of many young generations living in the changing world. The teacher’s role is to have the ability to develop themselves, to be able to reflect on their actions, to be creative and to have a high level of critical consciousness. The article presents the results of the research into types of consciousness of English teachers in lower secondary schools according to the types distinguished by Paulo Freire.
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SHCHENNIKOVA, LARISA V. „RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP IN THE THEORY OF S. M. KORNEEV AND MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SCIENCE“. Ser-11_2023-3 64, Nr. 3, 2023 (18.09.2023): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0113-11-64-3-12.
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The article is dedicated to the memory of MSU Professor Sergei Mikhailovich Korneev in connection with the 100th anniversary of his birth. Grateful memory allows the author to turn over the pages of his life history, emphasizing the huge contribution to the training of students working at universities in various parts of our country today. With the versatility of scientific interests and the presence of numerous works, S. M. Korneev, according to the author, had a special attitude to the doctrine of state property law created by him. Having singled out the fundamental characteristics of state property law as an economic phenomenon from the works of Professor Korneev, the author made an attempt to search for their development in the works of modern foreign civilists. And this attempt was crowned with success, because on the pages of the publication it was possible to prove that the professor’s ideas, even if not in an absolute form, are making their way, demonstrating the development in the research of modern foreign authors.
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Phooko, Dr Paul. „Exploring the status of Pilot Training in the Aviation Industry of South Africa“. International Journal of Applied Science and Research 05, Nr. 04 (2022): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56293/ijasr.2022.5424.
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This research study aims to explore the status of Pilot Training in South Africa's aviation industry. The study is premised on the underlying assumption that the current existing Instructor’s training (Theory and Practical) have a huge impact on the progression of students. The study will diagnose the challenges or gaps in the training sector as experienced by students Pilots who are respondents in the study. Participants of this study were Pilots students across the Republic of South Africa undergoing Private Pilot Licence training and Commercial Pilot Licence training. They all willingly gave consent to participate in the study (n = 211).
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Pignard, Olivier. „Explanation of the huge difference between vacuum energy and dark energy in the theory of the dynamic medium of reference“. Physics Essays 34, Nr. 1 (03.03.2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-34.1.61.
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The object of this article is to present the vacuum energy and the dark energy within the framework of the theory of the dynamic medium of reference and to explain the phenomenal difference between the two energies. The dynamic medium is made up of entities (called gravitons) whose vectorial average of speed determines the speed of the flux of the medium at each point in space. It is shown that inside the horizon of black holes (defined by the Schwarzschild radius), the speed of flux is greater than the speed of light, which means that the gravitons themselves have a higher speed to that of light. The quantum entanglement of two photons which propagate in two opposite directions is due to a connection made by gravitons. It is therefore proposed that the gravitons move at the speed <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>universe</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>Planck</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ≈ 2.4 × 1069 m/s, which makes it possible to guarantee the entanglement of the two photons whatever their position in the Universe and the impossibility to measure the time taken by the influence of a photon to arrive at its twin photon because it is less than the Planck time t Planck. The expression of the vacuum energy and that of the dark energy within the framework of the theory of the dynamic medium of reference is established. The two expressions E vacuum and E dark and the value of the speed of the most distant galaxies V galaxy make it possible to calculate an approximate value of the speed of the gravitons <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">galaxy</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">vacuum</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">dark</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> ≈ 2.8 × 1069 m/s. This value of the speed of the graviton is very close to that obtained by the quantum entanglement of two photons, which reinforces the existence of nonmaterial entities going at these phenomenal speeds.
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Şahin, Hasan, und İsmet Yildiz. „Determination of some properties of starlike and close-to-convex functions according to subordinate conditions with convexity of a certain analytic function“. Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal 75, Nr. 7 (25.07.2023): 995–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.37863/umzh.v75i7.7214.
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UDC 517.5 Investigation of the theory of complex functions is one of the most fascinating aspects of theory of complex analytic functions of one variable. It has a huge impact on all areas of mathematics. Many mathematical concepts are explained when viewed through the theory of complex functions. Let f ( z ) ∈ A , f ( z ) = z + ∑ n ≥ 2 ∞ a n z n , be an analytic function in the open unit disc normalized by f ( 0 ) = 0 and f ' ( 0 ) = 1. For close-to-convex and starlike functions, new and different conditions are obtained by using subordination properties, where r is a positive integer of order 2 - r ( 0 < 2 - r ≤ 1 2 ) . By using subordination, we propose a criterion for f ( z ) ∈ S * [ a r , b r ] . The relations for starlike and close-to-convex functions are investigated under certain conditions according to their subordination properties. At the same time, we analyze the convexity of some analytic functions and study their regional transformations. In addition, the properties of convexity for f ( z ) ∈ A are examined.
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Karpovich, Z. A., und E. I. Zhimulev. „Experimental Modeling of Diamond Formation Processes in Fe-C-S System at High P-T Parameters“. Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 34 (2020): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2020.34.67.
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The problem of diamond formation, despite the huge amount of accumulated information, has not been finally resolved. Currently, the most well-established hypothesis is that the diamond will be formed as a result of metasomatosis. According to this theory, the source of carbon were fluids of C-H-O-N-S composition. There are still questions concerning the environment for diamond crystallization. One of the most common inclusions in diamonds from kimberlite tubes are sulfides. They are also represented in diamondiferous xenoliths of peridotite and eclogite from diamondiferous tubes, but their quantity in diamonds is still higher in comparison with xenoliths. Modern scientific researches allow to assert that large diamonds, such as Kullinan (3106 carats), Koh-i-Noor, etc., were formed at great depths of about 360 – 750 km. Inclusions in these diamonds are, along with silicate minerals, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel carbide and sulfide (pyrrhotite). The present study is devoted to studying the model growth environment of a diamond in the Fe-C-S system with a sulfur content of 3 wt. % in relation to iron. The experiments of 0.5 hours duration were carried out at 6 GPa and 1450 С on a high-pressure apparatus of "cutting sphere" type. As a result, diamond synthesis was obtained. The following phases were recorded during the analysis of growth medium composition (metal-sulfide sintering): solid solution of carbon in iron, iron sulfide, iron carbide. Iron sulfide is represented by pyrrhotite. Thus, the phases established in solid products of the experiments fully correspond to the phases isolated from inclusions of natural diamonds.
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Lv, Xiao Yue, Ying Hui Jian und Chang Xin Xu. „Calculation of B-S Model on Carbon Emission Right Transaction Price and Clean Development Mechanism Strategy of Jiangsu“. Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (Juni 2014): 1616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1616.
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It is a tendency to develop low-carbon economy and lifting the ability of carbon trade and clean development. Through potential analysis of CDM project progress, economy foundation and resource endowment to developing the carbon trade market of Jiangsu companies, we can find that this district possesses huge space for energy conservation and emissions reduction. Meanwhile, we have introduced real option theory to the carbon trading mechanism of empirical research. By using the B-S pricing model and European carbon option trade market data, constructed a carbon option pricing model, then based on the similarity economy comparison between European Union and Jiangsu province, obtain the discounted carbon trading market price of Jiangsu area. At last, around technology, management and policies levels to putting forward some relevant suggestions and measures on CDM mechanism provided beneficial basis and references to Jiangsu companies in stepwise development of carbon trading market under CDM mechanism.
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Ngo, Thanh Quyen, Tong Tan Hoa Le, Binh Minh Lam und Trung Kien Pham. „Adaptive Single-Input Recurrent WCMAC-Based Supervisory Control for De-icing Robot Manipulator“. Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) 4, Nr. 4 (03.07.2023): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v4i4.18464.
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The control of any robotic system always faces many great challenges in theory and practice. Because between theory and reality, there is always a huge difference in the uncertainty components in the system. That leads to the accuracy and stability of the system not being guaranteed with the set requirements. This paper presents a novel adaptive single-input recurrent wavelet differentiable cerebellar model articulation controller (S-RWCMAC)-based supervisory control system for an m-link robot manipulator to achieve precision trajectory tracking. This adaptive S-RWCMAC-based supervisory control system consists of a main adaptive S-RWCMAC, a supervisory controller, and an adaptive robust controller. The S-RWCMAC incorporates the advantages of the wavelet decomposition property with a CMAC fast learning ability, dynamic response, and input space dimension of RWCMAC can be simplified; and it is used to control the plant. The supervisory controller is appended to the adaptive S-RWCMAC to force the system states within a predefined constraint set and the adaptive robust controller is developed to dispel the effect of the approximate error. In this scheme, if the adaptive S-RWCMAC can not maintain the system states within the constraint set. Then, the supervisory controller will work to pull the states back to the constraint set and otherwise is idle. The online tuning laws of S-RWCMAC and the robust controller parameters are derived from the gradient-descent learning method and Lyapunov function so that the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The simulation and experimental results of the novel three-link De-icing robot manipulator are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology. The results indicate that the proposed model has superior accuracy compared to that of the Standalone CMAC Controller. The parameters of the average squared error in the S-RWCMAC -based 3 robot joints are lower than those of the Standalone CMAC Controller by 0.023%, 0.029%, and 0.032%, respectively.
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FLAMBAUM, V. V. „VARIATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, Nr. 27 (30.10.2007): 4937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07038293.
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Review of recent works devoted to the variation of the fine structure constant α, strong interaction and fundamental masses (Higgs vacuum) is presented. The results from Big Bang nucleosynthesis, quasar absorption spectra, and Oklo natural nuclear reactor data give us the space-time variation on the Universe lifetime scale. Comparison of different atomic clocks gives us the present time variation. Assuming linear variation with time we can compare different results. The best limit on the variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio μ = me/Mp and Xe = me/ΛQCD follows from the quasar absorption spectra:1[Formula: see text]. A combination of this result and the atomic clock results2,3 gives the best limt on variation of [Formula: see text]. The Oklo natural reactor gives the best limit on the variation of Xs = ms/ΛQCD where ms is the strange quark mass:4,5[Formula: see text]. Note that the Oklo data can not give us any limit on the variation of α since the effect of α there is much smaller than the effect of Xs and should be neglected. Huge enhancement of the relative variation effects happens in transitions between close atomic, molecular and nuclear energy levels. We suggest several new cases where the levels are very narrow. Large enhancement of the variation effects is also possible in cold atomic and molecular collisions near Feshbach resonance. How changing physical constants and violation of local position invariance may occur? Light scalar fields very naturally appear in modern cosmological models, affecting parameters of the Standard Model (e.g. α). Cosmological variations of these scalar fields should occur because of drastic changes of matter composition in Universe: the latest such event is rather recent (about 5 billion years ago), from matter to dark energy domination. Massive bodies (stars or galaxies) can also affect physical constants. They have large scalar charge S proportional to number of particles which produces a Coulomb-like scalar field U = S/r. This leads to a variation of the fundamental constants proportional to the gravitational potential, e.g. δα/α = kαδ(GM/rc2). We compare different manifestations of this effect. The strongest limits6kα + 0.17ke = (-3.5 ±6) × 10-7 and kα + 0.13kq = (-1 ± 17) × 10-7 are obtained from the measurements of dependence of atomic frequencies on the distance from Sun2,7 (the distance varies due to the ellipticity of the Earth's orbit).
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Liu, Jiamin, Zia Ullah Khan und Siamak Sarjoghian. „Layered THz waveguides for SPPs, filter and sensor applications“. Journal of Optics 48, Nr. 4 (12.11.2019): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12596-019-00569-3.
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Abstract Theory of five kinds of layered structure THz waveguides is presented. In these waveguides, the modified and hybrid THz surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) are researched in detail. On these modes, the effects of material in each layer are discussed. The anti-resonant reflecting mechanism is also discussed in these waveguides. The mode characteristics of both TM mode and TE mode are analyzed for guiding TM mode with low loss and TE modes with huge loss in one waveguide: the TE modes filter application is put forward. The mode characteristics for one waveguide have useful sensor applications: for TE1 mode, we find that the low cut-off frequency has a sensitivity (S) to the refractive index of the dielectric slab. The highest S can be 666.7 GHz/RIU when n2 = 1.5, w = 0 and t = 0.1 mm. We believe these results are very useful for designing practical THz devices for SPPs, filter and sensor applications.
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Miller Bertolami, Marcelo M. „A Red Giants’ Toy Story“. Astrophysical Journal 941, Nr. 2 (01.12.2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac98c1.
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Abstract In spite of the spectacular progress accomplished by stellar evolution theory, some simple questions remain unanswered. One of these questions is “Why do stars become red giants?”. Here we present a relatively simple analytical answer to this question. We validate our analysis by constructing a quantitative toy model of a red giant and comparing its predictions to full stellar evolutionary models. We find that the envelope forces the value of ∇ = d ln T / d ln P at, and above, the burning shell into a very narrow range of possible values. Together with the fact that the stellar material at the burning shell both provides and transports most of the stellar luminosity, this leads to tight relations between the thermodynamic variables at the burning shell and the mass and radius of the core—T s (M c , R s ), P s (M c , R s ), and ρ s (M c , R s ). When complemented by typical mass–radius relations of the helium cores, this implies that for all stellar masses the evolution of the core dictates the values of T s , P s , and ρ s . We show that for all stellar masses evolution leads to an increase in the pressure and density contrasts between the shell and the core, forcing a huge expansion of the layers on top of the burning shell. Besides explaining why stars become red giants our analysis also offers a mathematical demonstration of the so-called shell homology relations, and provides simple quantitative answers to some properties of low-mass red giants.
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Lin, Alvin C., Salvatore J. Salpietro, Eugen Deretey und Imre G. Csizmadia. „Multidimensional conformational analysis of allyl methyl disulfide: a key component of garlic“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, Nr. 3 (01.03.2000): 362–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-020.
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Organosulfur compounds in garlic, like allyl methyl disulfide, have been found to be involved in antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antithrombotic, and lipid-lowering activities, and it has also been found to act as an antioxidant. Ab initio molecular computations were performed on dihydrogen disulfide (1) with respect to torsional angle τ1 = τ(H·S-S·H), hydrogen methyl disulfide (2) with respect to torsional angle τ1 = τ(H·S-S·CH3), and allyl methyl disulfide (3) with respect to torsional angles τ1 = τ(H3C2·CH2·S-S·CH3), τ2 = τ(H3C2·CH2-S·S·CH3), and τ3 = τ(H3C2-CH2·S·S·CH3). Potential energy curves (PEC) were obtained from 1 and 2, i.e., E = E(τ1), from which optimized structures were obtained at the HF/6-31G* level of theory. These optimized structures were used to investigate the potential energy hypersurface surface (PEHS) of 3, i.e., E = E(τ1,τ2,τ3). One-dimensional scans along τ2 and τ3 (where τ1 = ±90°; τ1 = 180°) were performed at the HF/3-21G* level of theory. From these scans, six lower energy pairs of enantiomeric minima (i.e., [g+g+g+| g-g-g-], [g+ag- | g-ag+], [g+g-g+ | g-g+g-], [g+g+g-| g-g-g+], [g+ag- | g-ag+], and [g+g-g-| g-g+g+]) as well as 3 higher energy minima (i.e., [g+g+s | g-g-s], [g+as | g-as], and [g+g-s | g-g+s]) were optimized at τ1 = ±90° at the HF/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-31G* levels of theory. The global minimum was determined to be the [g+g-g+ | g-g+g-] enantiomeric pair of conformers, and the fully symmetrical anti-anti-anti [a a a] structure was determined to be a second-order saddle point on the PEHS of 3. Although there are no stereocentres in 3, there is chirality in the conformational twist with respect to the [a a a] conformation through τ1 = τ2 = τ3 = 180°. Based on the energies and MO diagrams of the HUMO and LUMO +1 of 3, the anticarcinogenic and cholesterol lowering activity mechanism of 3 is presented.Key words: ab initio MO computations, allyl methyl disulfide, multidimensional conformational analysis (MDCA), anticarcinogenic, cholesterol lowering.
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Krakue, Sylvester Petrus. „Quod erat demonstrandum: A comparative study of narrative technique in Ama Ata Aidoo’s Changes and Albert Camus’ Les justes (The Just Ones)“. Asemka: A Bi-Lingual Literary Journal of University of Cape Coast, Nr. 10 (01.09.2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/asemka.vi10.277.
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Authors of fictional works often have recourse to irony whereby they subtly indicate their disapproval of certain ideas or courses of action. Irony is a rather complex and wide-ranging phenomenon. However, in both Ama Ata Aidoo‟s Changes and Albert Camus Les justes, the authors resort to a specific form of irony to bring the discussion of issues raised to a conclusion. The technique consists in demonstrating clearly a huge discrepancy between a “fine” idea and its practical usefulness. This study, through textual analysis, aims to show how the two aforementioned authors successfully use this narrative technique. Albert Camus demonstrates the hollowness of the idea of fighting for justice through revolutionary violence and Ama Ata Aidoo similarly demonstrates the fatuousness of the theory of women- emancipation-through-polygamy.
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Karpova, E. „Past and Present of V.N. Myasishchev's Creative Achievements (for the 130th Anniversary of his Birth)“. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 44, Nr. 4 (2023): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920027090-5.
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The article is dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the birth of V.N. Myasishchev, an outstanding Russian scientist who made a huge contribution to the development of Russian psychological science, as well as to the formation and development of medical (clinical) psychology, neurosology and psychotherapy. The psychology of relationships created by him, which has general psychological significance, served as a methodological basis for the development of the pathogenetic concept of neuroses and psychotherapy, the publication of which forms a conceptual unity unique to Russian science. The formation of scientific views of V.N. is considered. Myasishchev under the influence of his teachers — V.M. Bekhterev and A.F. Lazursky; his contribution to the development of the scientific and psychological category “attitude” as a mental education; the main directions of his scientific and practical activities, closely related to the concept of relationship psychology, in particular, the development of ideas about the nature of neurotic disorders as a personality disease and the development of a psychotherapeutic system based on a detailed study of personality and aimed at changing its relationships. Developed by V.N. Myasishchev's general psychological theory — the psychology of relationships — is resilient and fruitful.
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Ummarino, Giovanni A., Renato S. Gonnelli und Dario Daghero. „REAL-AXIS SOLUTION OF ELIASHBERG EQUATIONS IN VARIOUS ORDER-PARAMETER SYMMETRIES AND TUNNELING CONDUCTANCE OF OPTIMALLY-DOPED HTSC“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, Nr. 25n27 (30.10.2000): 2944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200003149.
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In the present work we calculate the theoretical tunneling conductance curves of SIN junctions involving high-T c superconductors, for different possible symmetries of the order parameter (s, d, s + i d, s + d, anisotropics and extendeds). To do so, we solve the real-axis Eliashberg equations in the case of an half-filled infinite band. We show that some of the peculiar characteristics of HTSC tunneling curves (dip and hump at eV > Δ, broadening of the gap peak, zero bias and so on) can be explained in the framework of the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. The theoretical d I/ d V curves calculated for the different symmetries at T=4 K are then compared to various experimental tunneling data obtained in optimally-doped BSCCO, TBCO, HBCO, LSCO and YBCO single crystals. To best fit the experimental data, the scattering by non-magnetic impurities has to be taken into account, thus limiting the sensitivity of this procedure in determining the exact gap symmetry of these materials. Finally, the effect of the temperature on the theoretical tunneling conductance is also discussed and the curves obtained at T = 2 K are compared to those given by the analytical continuation of the imaginary-axis solution.
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Fu, Dan-juan, Bi-jin Liu, Jin-hai Zheng, Gang Wang und Bi-qin Chen. „Study on the Propagation and Focusing Mechanism of Long Waves over A Submerged Atoll“. China Ocean Engineering 37, Nr. 2 (April 2023): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13344-023-0019-1.
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AbstractAn analytical solution for long waves propagating over a submerged atoll is established. The atolls involved in this study are annular coral reefs with large lagoons in the middle, and the expression of the cross section is a trinomial function of the radial distance, i.e., h=ar2s−brs+h0, where s is the positive rational number. This analytical solution extends the theory by Wang et al. (2018) as s is no longer limited to s=2/m, where m is the positive integer. In addition, by adjusting the terrain parameters properly, the analytic solution can be degenerated to describe the wave propagation over topography with a hump or pit. According to the relationship between wave rays and wave energy, the distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of energy over the topography are expounded. When the lagoon is non-existent, all wave rays converge at the x-axis, which results in an abrupt amplification of the wave amplitude around the convergence point. When a lagoon is mounted on the top of the atoll, the rays are scattered due to the refraction of the lagoon, and only some rays converge at the symmetrical axis and the ridges on both sides, which results in the amplification of wave amplitudes in these areas.
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Kotlyarov, M. V. „The Collapse of the USSR in the Context of the Theory of Institutional Violence“. Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 22, Nr. 1 (15.01.2023): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-1-110-121.
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The collapse of the USSR is explained from the point of view of a new approach – the theory of institutional violence by D. North, B. Weingast and D. Wallis. The application of this theory shows that by the 1980s the USSR had reached the stage of a mature “natural state”. The basis of the Soviet system consisted of long-term political and economic organizations run by the elite that ensured a high level of security and stability of official position due to effective control over the apparatus of state violence (KGB, the militia, the army). Thus, objective prerequisites for the transition to a new social order of “open access” based on economic and political competition developed in the Soviet Union. The leadership of the USSR, represented by M. S. Gorbachev and his supporters in the party, was confident that the introduction of openness and democracy would benefit the Soviet state. M. S. Gorbachev’s loss of control over the special services and the army in the summer of 1991 had a fatal significance for the fate of the USSR. Organized by the chairman of the KGB V. A. Kryuchkov, the putsch of the GKChP catastrophically discredited the union government. The leaders of the Soviet republics were convinced of the need for its complete elimination and achieved this in a short time. Thus, the perestroika and the collapse of the USSR can be considered as the beginning of the movement of the Soviet society toward the “open access order”. The initial conditions of this transition can be considered relatively successful. Despite a series of armed clashes in different regions of the USSR, the collapse of a huge militarized power occurred without much bloodshed and carnage between representatives of the political elite. The events of August 1991, thus, led to a political revolution, which marked the beginning of new sovereign states with a form of government close to the republican one.
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Herlinda, Septi. „Gerda's Character as the Influence of Lili's Transition in The Danish Girl Film“. Vivid: Journal of Language and Literature 11, Nr. 2 (13.12.2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/vj.11.2.92-107.2022.
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This research aims to show how Gerda Wegener, as a supporting character in The Danish Girl film could give the biggest contribution into the main character’s transition from Einar Wegener (male) to Lili Elbe (female) through Gerda’s character and personality depicted in the film. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. To support the analysis, the writer uses the theory of the Big Five personality factors, characterization, and altruism. The result of this research shows that Gerda’s character and personality are found to be the main cause of the conflict that occurred in the film, on how the main character, Einar Wegener in overcoming his gender dyphoria to fully transformed into a woman named Lili Elbe. This research discovered that, based on the Big Five personality factors; Gerda’s personality in agreeableness and openness are highly relatable in influencing Lili’s transition. Moreover, Gerda’s behavior in altruism is also found to be the main reason on why she chose to support the main character’s gender transition despite the huge loss upon her. In conclusion, Gerda Wegener as a supporting character played the biggest role in stirring the plot by her influence in supporting Einar Wegener’s gender transition. It also shows that it is possible for someone to be so selfless when it comes to the person they adore. Finally, it gives a new perspective on how significant the role of a supporting characters are in a film based on their character and personality.
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Izadifar, Mohammadreza, Neven Ukrainczyk, Khondakar Salah Uddin, Bernhard Middendorf und Eduardus Koenders. „Dissolution of Portlandite in Pure Water: Part 2 Atomistic Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) Approach“. Materials 15, Nr. 4 (15.02.2022): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041442.
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Portlandite, as a most soluble cement hydration reaction product, affects mechanical and durability properties of cementitious materials. In the present work, an atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) upscaling approach is implemented in MATLAB code in order to investigate the dissolution time and morphology changes of a hexagonal platelet portlandite crystal. First, the atomistic rate constants of individual Ca dissolution events are computed by a transition state theory equation based on inputs of the computed activation energies (ΔG*) obtained through the metadynamics computational method (Part 1 of paper). Four different facets (100 or 1¯00, 010 or 01¯0, 1¯10 or 11¯0, and 001 or 001¯) are considered, resulting in a total of 16 different atomistic event scenarios. Results of the upscaled KMC simulations demonstrate that dissolution process initially takes place from edges, sides, and facets of 010 or 01¯0 of the crystal morphology. The steady-state dissolution rate for the most reactive facets (010 or 01¯0) was computed to be 1.0443 mol/(s cm2); however, 0.0032 mol/(s cm2) for 1¯10 or 11¯0, 2.672 × 10−7 mol/(s cm2) for 001 or 001¯, and 0.31 × 10−16 mol/(s cm2) for 100 or 1¯00 were represented in a decreasing order for less reactive facets. Obtained upscaled dissolution rates between each facet resulted in a huge (16 orders of magnitude) difference, reflecting the importance of crystallographic orientation of the exposed facets.
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Jassem, Zaidan Ali. „The Arabic Origins of "Basque and Finnish Pronouns": A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach“. Journal of English Language and Literature 2, Nr. 1 (30.08.2014): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v2i1.25.
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This paper investigates the Arabic origins of Basque and Finnish pronouns mainly and Basque verbs to be/have secondarily from a Radical Linguistic Theory perspective, a slightly revised version of Lexical Root Theory. The data consists of personal and demonstrative pronouns in Finnish and Basque in the main and verbs to be/have in the latter. The results show that Finnish and Basque pronouns have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings. Their formal differences, however, result from natural and plausible causes and different courses of linguistic change. For example, Basque ni 'I', Finnish mina/mä ‘I', and Arabic ana (ani, inni) 'I' are identical cognates, in the second of which /m/ split from /n/; Finnish sina/Te'you' come from Arabic anta/-ta 'you' via reversal and turning /t/ into /s/; similarly, Basque zu 'you' is derived from Arabic -ta/-ka (iaka) 'you (nom./acc.) where /k/ became /z/, which compares very easily with Old English ge 'you' and German Sie 'you'; Finnish reflexive itse 'self' is from Arabic dhaat(i) 'myself' via reordering and replacing /dh/ by /s/. Third person pronouns in both languages are originally demonstrative pronouns, which is similar to what happens in English and Indo-European languages and Chinese as well, all of which come from Arabic dha/ti 'this'. Similarly, all Basque verbs to be/havehave true and identical Arabic (and English, German, Latin) cognates. As a consequence, the results indicate, contrary to Comparative Method claims, that Arabic, Basque and Finnish are genetically related, leading to the postulation of a single, perfect, sudden world language, which may be called Radical or Root Language, from which all human languages descended. The Radical Language could not have died out at all but has instead survived into modern languages, having been preserved almost intact in Arabic. They, therefore, prove the adequacy of the radical linguistic or lexical root theory according to which Arabic, Basque, and Finnish are genetically related besides English, German, French, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, and Mandarin Chinese which have already been found to be dialects of the same language with Arabic being their origin all because of its phonetic capacity or complexity, huge lexical variety and multiplicity, and linguistic permanence or sustainability.
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Benhabililes, Bakir. „The Influence of Publishing Strategies on the Process of Translation: the case of Milan Kundera“. Traduction et Langues 17, Nr. 1 (31.08.2018): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v17i1.561.
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Throughout history, translation has never been an isolated activity or an independent literary entity; it has always been tailored by interior and exterior influential factors. In terms of social agents involved in the production of translations, the publishing industry is increasingly becoming a driving force in translation. Publishing is an integral part of the process, which controls mechanisms of translation and dictates editorial rules. Publishers have a huge influence on choosing books to be translated and on hiring translators, and thus on the way the translations are received by the audience. Despite their huge ascendancy however, little research has been carried out in this area. The purpose of this paper is to discover the extent of the publisher’s influence on the translated text. Given that translation theory has often focused solely on the author–translator relationship, our objective is to demonstrate that the translation process is not an ordinary dyadic relationship between a source text and a target text, or a translator and an author, but is a central meeting point for a mixture of relationships in which publishers play a hegemonic role. The publisher`s influence is discussed here through one particular controversial case: Milan Kundera’s novel The Joke (Žert), which first appeared in 1967.
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Milburn, G. J., T. Ralph, A. White, E. Knill und R. Laflamme. „Efficient linear optics quantum computation“. Quantum Information and Computation 1, Special (Dezember 2001): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic1.s-4.
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Two qubit gates for photons are generally thought to require exotic materials with huge optical nonlinearities. We show here that, if we accept two qubit gates that only work conditionally, single photon sources, passive linear optics and particle detectors are sufficient for implementing reliable quantum algorithms. The conditional nature of the gates requires feed-forward from the detectors to the optical elements. Without feed forward, non-deterministic quantum computation is possible. We discuss one proposed single photon source based on the surface acoustic wave guiding of single electrons.
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Święcicki, Łukasz. „Symulakrum Zachodu? O rosyjskim podejściu do prawa międzynarodowego Lauri Mälksoo O osobliwościach rosyjskiego stosunku do prawa międzynarodowego tłum. M. Klimowicz, Centrum Polsko-Rosyjskiego Dialogu i Porozumienia, Warszawa 2022, s. 352“. Przegląd Sejmowy 3(176) (2023): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2023.192.
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It has long been known that the West and Russia have a different approach to international relations. However, whether this different approach also extends to the attitude towards international law was not so widely known. As Lauri Mälksoo proves in his book on the Russian approach to international law, although attempts have been made to westernise the law, Russia has developed its own understanding of international law over the centuries. The efforts of pro-Western modernisers proved ineffective. The Soviet period in particular played a huge role in the victory of Russian nativism. Paradoxically, it was then that the Russian theory of international law was essentially based not on the assumptions of Marxism-Leninism, but on an ethnocentric, nativist, Eurasian vision stemming from Russian history and tradition. Contemporary Russia is not far from the model that emerged then.
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Golubovska, Iryna, und Sergii Luchkanyn. „QUESTIONS OF SLAVIC-EASTERN ROMANCE LANGUAGE INTERACTION IN INTERPRETATION OF S. SEMCHINSKY“. Studia Linguistica, Nr. 19 (2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2021.19.38-49.
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The article is devoted to the problems of the theory of language interaction and, in particular, to the ambiguous issue of Slavic-Eastern Romance language interaction in a way it had been interpretated by Doctor of Philology, Professor Stanislav Semchinsky. Due to the lack of significant linguistic difference between such interlinguistic terms as substratum and superstratum, as well as to the East Slavic character of autochthonous elements of the Romanian language, Stanislav Semchinsky practically recognizes the Dacian substratum as Proto-Slavic, though he was not able to declare this position openly because of lack of scientific data. Stanislav Volodymyrovych critically evaluates the efforts of some Romanian scholars of the 19th ̶ the first half of the 20th centuries in denying the “huge, total, general and comprehensive” Slavic influence on the Eastern Romance ethnic group, and puts forward a number of convincing linguistic arguments in support of the significant Slavic influence on the Romanian language, which might be observed at almost all levels of its language system: -o for the vocative forms of feminine nouns, the names of the numerals of the first and second tens, the numeral sutӑ ̶ “hundred”, borrowed from the Slavs during the existence of the reduced sound ъ). Not denying the Romance character of the Romanian language in a whole, Stanislav Semchynsky considers the “Latin character” of the Romanians somewhat exaggerated and calls for a careful study of the Slavic contribution to each of the Eastern Romance languages. The activity of Doctor of Philology, Professor Stanislav Semchynsky in the field of studying the nature of the Slavic-Eastern Romance languages interaction was not only of great academic significance: it had been building the bridges of friendship between the Ukrainian and Romanian peoples.
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Baral, R. C., K. K. Mohanta, N. R. Panda und P. K. Sahu. „Radial oscillation of compact stars in the presence of magnetic field“. International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, Nr. 06 (Juni 2016): 1650037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500373.
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Compact stars are classified into three categories: neutron stars (NSs), quark stars (QSs) and hybrid stars (HSs). Stars having only hadronic matter are NSs, QSs having only quark matter up to u, d and s quarks and stars having quark core surrounded by a mixed matter (hadronic matter and quark matter) followed by hadronic matter are HSs. The mixed matter is well distributed to both hadron and quark matters. A huge magnetic field is predicted in the core of the neutron star and is observed in the surface of the neutron star. We study the effect of such huge magnetic field in the matter inside the compact objects basically the equation of state (EOS) of the matters. Since matter inside the star are very dense both hadronic and quark matter, we consider relativistic mean field theory in the hadronic matter and simple MIT bag model in the quark matter in the presence of strong magnetic field. We calculate the phase transition between hadronic and quark phases, maximum mass and eigenfrequencies of radial pulsation of NS, HS and QS in the presence of such a huge magnetic field. The mixed phase is constructed by using Glendenning conjecture in between hadron and quark phases. We find in the presence of magnetic field, the EOS in both matter becomes soft. As a result, the maximum mass is reduced and the period of oscillation is changed significantly and there is a sudden dip in the period of oscillations in the HS, which signifies the transition from one to another matter.