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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Hume`s theory"
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Sokic, Mirjana. „Hume’s theory of motivation: The problem of calm passions“. Theoria, Beograd 61, Nr. 1 (2018): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1801103s.
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It is often claimed that Hume?s doctrine of calm passions represents a text-book case of an ad hoc supposition introduced to save Hume?s theory of motivation from insurmountable objections. One famous example of this sort of criticism can be found in the writings of Barry Stroud, who claims that Hume?s doctrine of calm passions cannot avoid circularity and, more importantly, it directly contradicts one of Hume?s fundamental principles-i.e. the ?incorrigibility thesis?-according to which we cannot be mistaken about the contents of our own minds at any given moment. Although it is hard to deny that Straud?s objections have certain philosophical appeal, I will argue that there is a way to save Hume?s doctrine of calm passions. Following arguments presented by Daniel Shaw, I will defend the claim that calm passion should be understood as unactualized dispositions.
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Azeri, Siyaves. „Hume’s theory of social constitution of the self“. Filozofija i drustvo 30, Nr. 4 (2019): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1904511a.
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Hume distinguishes between the self of thought and imagination and the self of the passions. He is criticized for contradicting himself as he allegedly attributes fictitiousness to the self in book one of the Treatise but later reintroduces the self in books two and three. Hume?s account of the idea of the self, however, is not contradictory: he shows the impossibility of a pure associationist-empiricist account of the self. Instead, he proposes a social account of the constitution of the idea of the self and consciousness. In doing so, Hume?s account of the self anticipates social-historical theories of the self.
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Stamenkovic, Bogdana. „Hume, dialogues and harmony of the universe“. Theoria, Beograd 65, Nr. 4 (2022): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2204077s.
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This paper provides epistemological support for one of Hume?s numerous critiques of the teleological arguments for God?s existence. Hume explores the following question: can we explain the observed harmony of the universe without appealing to the work of an intelligent creator? The answer, presented through the character of Philo, appears to be positive. I will try to defend this position. Following Hume?s theory of space, and exploring the relation between ideas of the whole and relation, I will show the universe can be seen as finite space with definite numbers of parts which are spatially and causally interconnected. Because all changes occur on the basis of Hume?s principle of causation, we can say the harmony of the universe is established and maintained precisely because of the changes happening on the basis of causation. If this is the case, the role of the intelligent creator appears to be redundant.
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Sljukic, Slavenko. „The contstructivistic defence of the objectivity of moral standards and natural law that does not require the debate on moral realism“. Filozofija i drustvo 28, Nr. 3 (2017): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1703653s.
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The main goal of Kenneth R. Westphal?s How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law: Justifying Strict Objectivity without Debating Moral Realism is to defend the objectivity of moral standards and natural law and thus avoid the discussion about moral realism and its alternatives by interpreting Hume and Kant in a constructivistic sense. The reason behind the author?s disagreement with both: moral realism and non-realism (its alternative) is our inability to properly understand and answer one of the two parts in Socrates? question to Euthyphro: ?Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved?? Moral realists cannot provide an answer to its second part, since it is not possible to prove that moral standards are not artificial; conversely, moral non-realists cannot provide an answer to its first part, since it is not possible to avoid the relatitvity of moral standards. The author tends to solve this problem by avoiding the confrontation between moral realism and non-realism and thus choosing the constuctivistic stance that, as he argues, can be found in both Hume?s and Kant?s theories. The main point of this stance is that moral standards are indeed artificial, yet not arbitrary. He proves this by pointing out that both Hume and Kant treat the moral standards as a social fact (that is, artificial), but also as objective. Westphal points out that Hume explicitly writes about moral standards as a social fact, while showing that, at the same time, his theory of justice, which precedes all of the moral standards, is established independently of his theory of moral sentiments (potentially leading to moral relativism). In this manner, he provides the objectivity of those standards. On the other hand, Kant?s theory is interpreted as advanced, yet similar to Hume?s in its structure. The crucial similarity is that both Hume and Kant interpret the moral standards as a social fact (that is, as an artificial) and, at the same time, as the objective ones. Kant, unlike Hume, provides this objectivity by using a specific moral criterion - a categorical imperative. Those assumptions will be used as the main premises of a distinctively inspiring interpretation of Hume?s and Kant?s theories of justice.
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Warren, Andrew. „"Incomprehensible Contexture[s]": Laurence Sterne and David Hume on Entanglement“. SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 59, Nr. 3 (2019): 581–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sel.2019.0026.
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Stefanovic, Igor. „Hume’s understanding of causal explanation“. Theoria, Beograd 58, Nr. 3 (2015): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1503123s.
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This article deals with actuality of Hume?s positive thesis about causality, specifically in modern science. According to Dauer, Hume in his Treatise of Human Nature does not deal with scientific theory which allows us, in modern times, to come to the truth, and then necessity. Also, he claims that observation alone, without theory is useless, which is the reason why we need science to predict future events. I intend to show that all three claims are incorrect, and to show an intimate connection of causality and our intuitions.
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Kreyche, Jenna. „How We Are Moral“. Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 4, Nr. 1 (11.09.2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.4.1.27-38.
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In this paper, I reconstruct Hobbes’ theory of self-love. I then examine Hume’s arguments that (i) self-love does not properly account for moral behavior and (ii) self-love is unnecessary for moral theory. I argue that Hobbesian self-love can account for both of Hume’s objections. Further, I use an analysis of Hobbes’ Deliberation to show, contra Hume, that self-love does not entail a lack of intention in moral action.
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Lottenbach, Hans. „Monkish Virtues, Artificial Lives: On Hume's Genealogy of Morals“. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 26, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1996.10717458.
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The merchant's toil, the sage's indolence,The monk's humility, the hero's pride,All, all alike, find Reason on their side.(Pope, An Essay on Man, Epistle II, 172-4)Hume's moral philosophy is often interpreted as an example of a naturalistic approach to ethics. J.L. Mackie, for instance, writes that in Hume the questions of moral philosophy are answered ‘in sociological and psychological terms, by constructing and defending a causal hypothesis.’ Similarly, Páll S. Árdal claims that Hume ‘is concerned with an attempt to discover those psychological laws that explain human emotions (including moral emotions) and the behaviour of people in society.’ I argue in this essay that if Hume is read in this way as developing a general explanatory theory of moral sentiments, he faces an inescapable dilemma. Section I presents the dilemma. In sections II and ill, I argue why for Hume — interpreted as a proponent of general psychological laws — there is no way out of this dilemma.
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Sayre-McCord, Geoffrey. „On Why Hume's “General Point of View” Isn't Ideal–and Shouldn't Be“. Social Philosophy and Policy 11, Nr. 1 (1994): 202–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004350.
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It is tempting and not at all uncommon to find the striking—even noble—visage of an Ideal Observer staring out from the center of Hume's moral theory. When Hume claims, for instance, that virtue is “whatever mental action or quality gives to a spectator the pleasing sentiment of approbation,” it is only natural to think that he must have in mind not just any spectator but a spectator who is fully informed and unsullied by prejudice. And when Hume writes that “the true standard of taste and beauty” is set by those who exhibit “[s]trong sense, united to delicate sentiment, improved by practice, perfected by comparison, and cleared of all prejudice,” he appears to describe a character no ordinary human could actually possess. Indeed, Hume's frequent appeals to the moral sentiments of spectators, his insistence that those sentiments depend upon taking “the general survey,” and his persistent invocation of the general point of view (and the corrections it requires), together make the temptation almost irresistible.
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Bonaccini, Juan A. „Kant e o estatuto dos milagres“. Analytica - Revista de Filosofia 15, Nr. 2 (01.08.2013): 39–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35920/arf.v15i2.626.
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Sabe-se que o estatuto e a crença em "milagres" têm sido objeto de disputas e controvérsias na história da filosofia moderna, mas geralmente se ignora que Kant elaborou uma teoria bastante idiossincrática acerca dos milagres.As poucas menções que se encontram na literatura evidenciam um status quaestionis que ora equipara e assimila a posição de Kant à de Hume, com base numa análise que privilegia certa interpretação da sua epistemologia (Peddicord, 2001), ora reconhece algumas diferenças entre ambas as posições, mas tomando como base apenas a crítica kantiana da religião (Nuyen, 2002). Nesse contexto, meu objetivo central é apresentar, discutir e avaliar a viabilidade da teoria kantiana dos milagres. Em primeiro lugar,argumento que tanto aqueles que defendem que Kant acreditava em milagres (ou teria defendido a crença em milagres), como Nuyen (2002), quanto os que sustentam que para Kant milagres são impossíveis, como Peddicord (2001), devem enfrentar evidência textual contrária a sua posição. Em segundo lugar, destaco e analiso algumas passagens naReligião para mostrar (contra Nuyen) que quando Kant fala sobre os milagres é claramente negativo quanto a sua credibilidade; e (contra Peddicord), que nem por isso quer dar a entender que milagres seriam impossíveis em si mesmos. Na terceira e última parte do estudo proponho analisar e discutir algumas passagens pouco conhecidas das Preleções de Metafísica para mostrar que Kant sustenta uma concepção não-humeana acerca dos milagres, a qual, não obstante, é diferente daquela de Baumgarten e constitui um aperfeiçoamento do tratamento coetâneo naReligião, porque não apenas deixa explicitamente aberta a possibilidade lógica dos milagres, mas também autoriza admitir "milagres" do ponto de vista prático. No final, defendo que essa abordagem dos milagres é compatível com uma reconstrução do Idealismo transcendental. Abstract:It is well known that both status and belief in "miracles" have been subject to disputation and controversy in the history of modern philosophy and ideas, but it is usually ignored that Kant developed a quite idiosyncratic theory of miracles. The few references in literature show a rather controversial picture: either one assimilates Kant´s position to Hume´s rejection of miracles based on a certain interpretation of critical and pre-critical texts (Peddicord 2001), or one recognizes differences between both Kant and Hume conceptions based only on Kant´s (Nuyen 2002). I take position in the debate and my main purpose is to present, discuss and evaluate the feasibility of Kant´s theory of miracles. First, I analyze the available evidence and arguments for both parties and suggest that both those who argue that Kant believed, or defended belief in miracles, as Nuyen, and those who argue that for Kant miracles are impossible, as Peddicord, must face textual evidence contrary to their position. Second, I highlight and analyze a few key passages in theReligion and argue, first, that Kant is here against the credibility or belief in miracles; and second, that he does not imply to mean that miracles are in themselves impossible. In the third part of my study I analyze and discuss crucial passages in the Metaphysics Lectures and suggest that Kant defends a non-Humean conception of miracles, which nevertheless is different from that of Baumgarten and improves his treatment in the Religion. Moreover, I suggest that Kant not only leaves explicitly open the logical possibility of miracles, but also allows for admitting "miracles" from the practical standpoint. In the end, I argue that this approach of miracles is compatible with transcendental idealism.Recebido em 08/2012Aprovado em 10/2012
Dissertationen zum Thema "Hume`s theory"
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Roy, Pabitrakumar. „Hume`s theory of the passions : a study of Book II (of the Passions) of a treatise of human nature by David Hume“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/49.
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BOUCHARDET, ROBERTA LIMA SILVA. „THE IMAGINATION IN HUME S MIND THEORY: AN ANALYSIS FROM TREATISE BOOK I“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9005@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEsta dissertação tem como tema o conceito de imaginação no Livro I do Tratado da Natureza Humana, de David Hume. A plena compreensão desse conceito é fundamental para a análise do modelo de mente presente na teoria humeana sobre o entendimento humano, em virtude do papel fundamental ali desempenhado por essa faculdade. Sempre restringindo-se àquela obra, o presente trabalho discute os vários sentidos do termo imaginação, por meio de uma análise das diversas funções exercidas por essa faculdade, e, ainda, por uma comparação com outras faculdades da mente, como a memória e a razão.
This thesis is about the concept of imagination in Book I of David Hume s Treatise of Human Nature. A full understanding of this concept is of fundamental importance to the analysis of the mind model contained in Hume´s theory of human understanding, due to the central role there played by that faculty. While restricting ourselves to that text, we discuss the several senses of the term imagination, by analysing the different functions of that faculty, and by comparing it with other faculties of the mind, such as memory and reason.
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Šmihula, Michal. „Kulturně společenské centrum u brněnské přehrady - architektonická studie objektů pro kulturně společenské i sportovní akce“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215678.
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The design of cultural centre is situated in part Kozia Hôrka( well-known city swimming pool), in its advantage takes natural scenery and calm atmosphere of place. Into action of performance brings a message in form of body of reservoir, function of centre is divided into small parts placed in area Kozia Hôrka. Orientation of objects comes mainly from local natural ispirations. Complex is multifunctional in concept, counts with several sorts of culture - sports events. Whereby the main function of swimming pool is preserved and added for higher comfort of inhabitants. Architecture of objects comes from idea of floating leaf on water level and body of reservoir. Objects stylizely illustrate this idea. The design takes the game of solids of organic and strictly ortogonal shapes. Two mutual opposites, in interaction. Objects smoothy and with respect encroach the environment, which is enough marked by human. Simplicity in used materials ( glass, steel, wood ) give transparency and purity to whole solution.
Bücher zum Thema "Hume`s theory"
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Theorists of modernist poetry: T. S. Eliot, T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound. Abingdon [England]: Routledge, 2007.
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Beasley, Rebecca. Theorists of Modernist Poetry: T. S. Eliot, T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Beasley, Rebecca. Theorists of Modernist Poetry: T. S. Eliot, T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Beasley, Rebecca. Theorists of Modernist Poetry: T. S. Eliot, T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Beasley, Rebecca. Theorists of Modernist Poetry: T. S. Eliot, T. E. Hulme, Ezra Pound. Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
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Lagerlund, Henrik, Benjamin Hill und Stathis Psillos, Hrsg. Reconsidering Causal Powers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869528.001.0001.
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Causal powers are returning to the forefront of realist philosophy of science. They were once central features of philosophical thinking about the natures of substances and causes but were banished during the early modern era and the Scientific Revolution. In this collection of essays, distinguished scholars revisit the fortunes of causal powers as scientific explanatory principles within the theories of substance and cause across history. Each author is focused on the philosophical role(s) causal powers was/were thought at the time to play and the reasons offered in support of, or against, their coherence and ability to perform their role(s). By placing rigorous philosophical analyses of thinking about causal powers within their historical contexts, features of their natures which might remain hidden to contemporary practitioners can be more readily identified and more carefully analysed. Canvassed are the thoughts of such important philosophers as Aristotle, Scotus, and Ockham and Buridan, then on through Suárez, Descartes, and Malebranche, to Locke and Hume, and ultimately to contemporary figures like the logical positivists, Goodman and Lewis.
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Diment, Galya, Gerri Kimber und W. Todd Martin, Hrsg. Katherine Mansfield and Russia. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474426138.001.0001.
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It is hard to overestimate how huge the “Russian influence” was on both Mansfield’s craft as a short story writer and her life choices, including, even, whom she most trusted to treat her tuberculosis. Growing up in New Zealand, young Mansfield began devouring Russian books in translation. The authors she read included Marie Bashkirtseff, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Ivan Turgenev, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky. After she moved to England, which at the time was undergoing its own passionate affair with all things Russian, Mansfield also discovered Russian art and Russian ballet. Later she became, with S. S. Koteliansky, a co-translator of Chekhov’s and Leonid Andreyev’s letters and autobiographical writings. And yet, other than Joanna Woods’ Katerina: The Russian World of Katherine Mansfield (2001), there have not been any significant publications dealing with this extraordinary aspect of Mansfield’s evolution as an artist and a human being. This volume goes a long way to remedy that. It includes contributions by both English and Russian scholars and explores many aspects of Mansfield’s personal and artistic response to Russian literature, culture, philosophy, and art, as well as to the actual Russians she met in England and — towards the end of her life — in France.
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Fields, Gary S. Employment and Development. Herausgegeben von Janneke Pieters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815501.001.0001.
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The world is plagued by a plethora of economic problems, which is why economics is sometimes called “the dismal science”. Two of these problems are at the core of this volume. One is the huge extent of global poverty: Three billion poor people are nearly half of humanity. The second challenge highlighted in this book is the global employment (not: unemployment) problem. Although there are 200 million people in the world who are unemployed using standard international definitions, a much larger number – 900 million – are working poor. Gary S. Fields tries to answer two “big questions”: Who benefits from economic growth, and who is hurt by economic decline? How do developing countries’ labor markets work? The IZA Prize Laureate summarizes the empirical knowledge that is most relevant to understanding these questions; he shows how to bring together what we know into realistic, yet parsimonious, theoretical models of what is happening; he specifies the policy evaluation criteria to be used in assessing the effects of actual or prospective policy interventions; and he brings together empirical knowledge, theoretical models, and policy evaluation criteria to reach welfare economic judgments about what should or should not be done.
Buchteile zum Thema "Hume`s theory"
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Cammozzo, Alberto, Emanuele Di Buccio und Federico Neresini. „Monitoring Technoscientific Issues in the News“. In ECML PKDD 2020 Workshops, 536–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65965-3_37.
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AbstractResearch at the intersection between Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Public Communication of Science and Technology (PCST) investigates the role of science in society and how it is publicly perceived. An increasing attention has been paid to coverage of Science and Technology (S&T) issues in newspapers. Because of the availability of a huge amount of digitized news contents, the variety of the issues and their dynamic nature, new opportunities are offered to carry out STS and PCST investigations. The main contribution of this paper is a methodology and a system called TIPS that was co-shaped by sociologists and computer scientists in order to monitor the coverage of S&T issues in the news and to study how they are represented. The methodology relies on machine learning, information retrieval and data analytics approaches which aim at supporting expert users, e.g. sociologists, in the investigation of their research hypotheses.
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Veneziano, Gabriele. „From the Hadronic String to Quantum Gravity ... and Back“. In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 113–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23042-4_9.
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AbstractI will outline the conceptual developments that led, through half a century, to the present formulation of string theory. The phenomenological observation of Dolen-Horn-Schmit “duality” in 1967, the formulation, a year later, of the Dual Resonance Model, and its eventual interpretation as a theory of quantum relativistic strings, marked the birth of the hadronic string. Immediately after, however, this elegant S-matrix theory of the strong interactions lost its phenomenological battle against a more, but not quite, conventional quantum field theory risking, around 1974, total oblivion. Nonetheless, ten years later, upon a huge rescaling of its intrinsic length scale, string theory made an impressive comeback as a candidate unified and finite quantum theory of all interactions, including gravity. This dream of a “Theory of Everything” has not come true yet, but new developments have uncovered an amazing new “duality” between gauge and gravitational interactions making it conceivable that the real hadronic string (the one implied by the confinement of quarks and gluons in QCD) will be eventually understood by addressing an easier gravitational problem.
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Wang, Yufeng, Qiangong Cheng, Qiwen Lin, Anwen Shi, Jie Ming, Zhiyi Feng und Zhang Song. „Rock Avalanches in the Tibetan Plateau of China“. In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, 55–111. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4_2.
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AbstractChina is a country with high mountainous areas widely distributed, which is characterized by high reliefs, intensive tectonic activity, fragile ecological environments, etc. Under such particular background, rock avalanches, as one of the most threatening geological disasters in the high mountainous regions, have drawn much scientific interest because of their sudden occurrence, huge volumes (>106 m3), high velocities (>20 m/s), and extremely low Fahrböschung (typically 0.1 to 0.3) with destructive disasters caused. Focusing on the Tibetan Plateau of China, spatial distribution of rock avalanches in its certain area was conducted, hoping to provide insights into the controlling factors of rock avalanches’ formation. Furthermore, several typical rock avalanches were investigated in detail based on remote sensing analysis, mapping of fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle and detailed field investigations. It is reached that toreva blocks, transverse and longitudinal ridges, ridges separated by conjugate troughs, and hummocks are common and widely distributed surficial landforms in rock avalanche deposits, which usually display in a clear sequential distribution. In the cross-section, a series of internal sedimentary structures, including jigsaw structures, inner shear zones, diapiric structures, convoluted laminations, faults, etc., were identified. Based on these detailed geological features, the possible emplacement processes and mechanisms are discussed to provide insights into the extremely high mobility of rock avalanches.
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Kemp, Gary. „The Aesthetics of Richard Wollheim (1923–2003)“. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-m063-1.
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Article Summary Richard Wollheim (1923–2003) had a broad range of philosophical interests. He wrote on Political Philosophy, on the Philosophy of Psychology or Philosophy of Mind, on principal figures in British Philosophy including Locke, Hume, J. S. Mill and F. H. Bradley, and on other philosophical subjects. But his most indelible mark was made in Aesthetics, being by many accounts the leading figure writing in English in that field since the close of World War II (competitors, not counting still-active philosophers, might include Susanne Langer, Arnold Isenberg, Nelson Goodman, Arthur Danto, George Dickie, and Roger Scruton). Most of his aesthetical writing narrowly concerned the art of painting, with Painting as an Art (1987) being his masterpiece, with many articles in trade publications on particular artists testifying to his special interest and engagement with painting. He did produce Art and Its Objects (1968, 1980), his famous general treatise on Aesthetics, with attention to more purely philosophical and logical problems concerning art; but his volumes of essays on art or partially about art – On Art and the Mind (1974), The Mind and Its Depths (1993) – as well as his free standing essays on art, including those appearing since 1993 – are primarily concerned with painting. The main part of this article focuses primarily on what was undoubtedly at the centre of Wollheim’s questions as an aesthetician, namely the question What is painting?, along with the question What is the value and interest of painting? That painting is a justified form of life was never in question, but to articulate just why we go in for painting as we do, to articulate the nature of our interest in it, calls, it turns out, for not only a framework of Aesthetics but Depth Psychology, in particular for psychoanalytic theory.
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Selvin, Steve. „Simulation: Random Values“. In Modem Applied Biostatistical Methods Using S-Plus, 141–94. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195120257.003.0003.
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Abstract Parallel to the development of modem computing technology is the growth of interest in using this technology to simulate biological, physical, and statistical phenomena. Simulation on a computer is frequently achieved with a few lines of code producing simple quantities. On the other hand, there are huge pro gram systems to model such things as weather patterns and air pollution. Simple or complex simulation programs, at best, only approximate the real world process. Even a rough approximation, however, produces benefits in terms of organizing theory, improving understanding, checking analyses, assessing modifications of existing theory, and, perhaps, producing useful predictions. These benefits are achieved at relatively little cost and without risk or expensive experimentation.
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Grosholz, Emily R. „Analysis and Experience“. In Representation and Productive Ambiguity in Mathematics and the Sciences, 33–60. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199299737.003.0002.
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Abstract In this chapter I explain what I mean by analysis and mathematical experience, variously invoking Leibniz, Locke, Hume, Peirce, and Cavaille`s as well as some of my contemporaries. Two figures are conspicuously absent from this historical line-up, Descartes and Kant; my objections to their doctrines in this context have been set forth elsewhere and recur throughout this book, so I won’t pause to rehearse them here.
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Rowe, Glenn. „The symmetric immune network model“. In Theoretical Models in Biology, 182–93. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198596882.003.0012.
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Abstract One of the first models based on Jerne’ s network theory was proposed by Hoffmann in 1975, with several modifications and extensions since then. The model avoids the problems of the huge number of variables in a full immune network by grouping all the cells and antibodies into two classes: plus cells (and related antibodies) and minus cells and antibodies.
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Bertrand, Karine. „U2’s Rattle and Hum : God, Sex, Rock ‘n’ Roll and God Again“. In Mapping the Rockumentary, 157–72. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478021.003.0012.
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In this chapter, Karine Bertrand explores the ways in which the film Rattle and Hum represents the band U2’s fall from innocence, their attempt at exporting and incorporating the American Dream, and how the band avoids re-addressing political issues raised throughout the 1980s.
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Kirshner, Alexander S. „It’s the State, Not Parties“. In Legitimate Opposition, 155–94. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243468.003.0006.
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This chapter tracks the consistent intellectual threads binding the arguments of Henry Bolingbroke, David Hume, and Edmund Burke to each other. Their arguments depend on their readers' acceptance of opposition. What was not accepted, what required justification, was formed or partisan opposition. This shift in perspective allows us to see the acceptance of organized opposition in a new light. The chapter also reconsiders J. S. Mill's proposal for a representative, democratic government. Crafting his totemic brief for intellectual, collegial rivalry, Mill engages in clockwork constitutionalism, explicitly sidestepping the problem of executive advantage. That limits, radically, the applicability of his ideals. And if modern theories in the Millian mold intentionally or unintentionally adopt the same approach, their arguments will suffer the same flaw.
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Roya, Witness. „Framing of Opinion Leaders' COVID-19 Stance(s) on society“. In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies, 205–27. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0624-6.ch014.
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Using framing as a springboard and critical discourse analysis as the methodology, this chapter aims to conduct a thoroughgoing exegesis of two speeches that were made by Oppah Muchinguri between the 14th of March 2020 and the 16th of January 2021. This chapter seeks to critically explain the influence of social, political, religious, and cultural factors on opinion leaders' attitude to COVID-19 and show the extent to which they represent perceptions of Zimbabweans regarding the virus and what should be prioritized between privacy of journalists' sources and the public interest. The chapter also adds to the huge corpus of studies on society's conceptualization of COVID-19 and urges stakeholders to avoid unsubstantiated claims and to use their influence to rally behind experts' advice in dealing with the pandemic.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Hume`s theory"
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Laxar, Kevin, und Bill R. Wooten. „Simultaneous and successive hue contrast“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.wu2.
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Most models of simultaneous and successive hue contrast generally assume similar underlying neural processes, and most experimental results indicate that they produce similar effects. Methodology has often confounded the two effects, however. We show here that for some conditions simultaneous hue contrast yields different results than does successive hue contrast, providing evidence of different neural processes. In four experiments, the red-green null point was used as an indicator of color appearance. In the successive hue contrast condition, a unique blue background was exposed for 10 s of adaptation, followed by a yellow test flash. The null point shifted progressively toward shorter waves as the intensity of the adapting field was increased. Similar results obtained for the usual conditions of simultaneous hue contrast with the center-surround arrangement. However, for brief presentations or with the test stimulus superimposed on the background to control for stray light effects, no such shift occurred in the locus of unique yellow with a unique blue surround. Additional experiments with longer- and shorter-wave backgrounds did produce expected hue shifts, indicating that simultaneous hue contrast effects were nonetheless operative in our conditions. These results suggest that successive hue contrast requires preopponent gain changes, whereas simultaneous hue contrast requires only opponent induction.
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Schefrin, Brooke E., John S. Werner und Anthony J. Adams. „Equilibrium Hue Loci in Diabetics: Evidence for Anomalies Beyond the Site of Chromatic Opponency“. In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1990.tub3.
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Previous studies have shown that diabetics make tritan-like errors in color-matching experiments1,2 and demonstrate elevated increment thresholds for test lights detected by an S-cone mechanism3,4. While these experiments indicate the presence of a defect in visual pathways that receive an input from S-cones, they are unable to identify which components within these pathways are responsible for abnormal visual functions associated with diabetes. The purpose of this study is determine if diabetes introduces an anomaly either prior to and/or at the sites of cone interaction, or after the pooling of cone signals within chromatically-opponent pathways.
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Nakajima, T., T. Koyama, Y. Nishida, H. Tanaka, E. Kakishita und K. Nagai. „INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF ITP SERA ON BINDING OF ANTIPLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN (GP) IIb/IIIa MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN UMBILICAL VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (HUVE)“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643363.
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Some ITP patients have specific autoantibodies to platelet GP IIb/IIIa. On the other hand, HUVE were shown to synthesize platelet GP IIb/IIIa like substances. Therefore, we studied the binding of ITP sera to HUVE by showing the inhibitory effect of ITP sera on the binding of anti-platelet GP IIb/IIIa monoclonal antibodies to HUVE. HUVE were cultured according to the method of Jaffe et al. 125-I-anti-platelet GP IIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody (125-I-Anti-GP) (40.3 mCi/mg), 40 yl, was added to a cell suspension of HUVE (1.5 × 104/500 μl) in a plastic RIA tube. After incubation for 30 min. at 4°C and centrifugation of 10,000 xg for 3 min., the radioactivity of the cell pellet was measured. Specific binding was determined by determining the difference between cell-bound radioactivity in the absence and presence of an excess amount of unlabelled ligand at 100 x concentrations. Scatchard analysis using 125-I-Anti-GP showed that the maximum binding capacity was 8 × 104/cell and Kd was 40.2 nM. The binding rate of 125-I-Anti-GP to HUVE treated with ITP (high PAIgG) sera (n=6) was 15.2±3.3% compared with 24.0±7.5%, observed for HUVE treated with normal sera (n=10). Treatment of ITP sera to HUVE significantly lowered the binding of 125-I-Anti-GP to HUVE (P<0.05). A combined analysis of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting of washed platelet and endothelial cell lysates shows that two proteins from each cells had similar or identical molecular masses to GP IIb/IIIa.These findings show that there are GP IIb/IIIa on the HUVE, ITP sera from our patients may have antibodies to HUVE GP IIb/IIIa and that anti-platelet GP IIb/IIIa antibodies in the ITP sera may bound not only to some platelets, but also to the HUVE
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Chan, Hoover, Israel Abramov und James Gordon. „Properties of hue channels examined using a dichoptic adaptation technique“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.thk5.
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We used a hue scaling technique (Gordon and Abramov, 1988) to describe the color appearance of monocular stimuli before and after chromatic adaptation to the other eye. Stimuli were 0.5-s equiluminant monochromatic flashes varying in wavelength between 440 and 660 nm. The adapting stimulus was turned off shortly before each test flash. Four adapting conditions were used corresponding approximately to the unique hues. As found in previous studies on the binocular properties of chromatic mechanisms (Shevell, Humanski et al.), the effects of this type of adaptation are complicated. Some of our effects include the following. The maximal adapting effects do not necessarily occur at the same wavelengths as those of the adapting stimuli. Regardless of the adapting hues, the largest effects of adaptation are seen in the green-yellow parts of the test spectrum. The adapting stimulus contributes its complement to the test eye (e.g., red adaptation cancels some of the redness in the test eye and enhances greenness). In the past, we have described tritanopic blue (blue seen in tritanopic conditions at wavelengths longer than 500 nm). In this experiment, this condition can be seen when the opposite eye is adapted to yellow. There is an increase in the appearance of blue at wavelengths >500 nm.
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Csiba, Anita, und Arpad Ferencz. „THE COSTS AND RATE OF RETURN CALCULATION OF THE NEW ESTABLISHED PIG AND POULTRY MANURE FERMENTATION PLANT“. In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s18.12.
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Nowadays the manure management is a very actually topic. There is an important part of it the manure processing technology. However, we need for it a manure fermentation plant with an adequate capacity and there is important, the processing plant must be near for the pig and poultry farm to process the manure as soon as possible to reduce the harmful emission and bind the valuable nutrients in the fermented manure. The new established processing plant added advantages, that their produces excellent qualities and huge quantities fermented pig a poultry manure as a final products, which can be sold for good price, thus increasing the company�s profit. There is all allows for the fastest return on the investment. In our study we calculated the investment costs of the pig and poultry manure fermentation plant and the return based on the estimated expected revenues from the sales of manufactured final products. However, it is important not only in terms of additional income and return, but also in terms of reducing harmful emissions required by the stricter directives and regulations of the European Union, in order, that the companies able to comply with the increasingly strict of the European Union�s regulations and thus to be able to access resources in the future.
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Favaro Borges, Marcelo, Mariana dos Reis Tagliari, Rafaela Gonçalves und Carlos Eduardo Fortis Kwietniewski. „Methodology Proposal for Corrosion-Fatigue Assessment for Flexible Pipes Tensile Armour in Aggressive Environments“. In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96423.
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Abstract Flexible risers are the main way to connect wells and floaters for petroleum and gas applications on the Brazilian coast. The failure of those risers in operation can generate huge irreversible economic and environmental expenses. Statistics indicate that there is a predominance of premature failure associated with the flooding of the annular space. When cyclic loads are present, this condition will introduce corrosion-fatigue of the metallic reinforcements. Therefore, to ensure the operational safety, their design should consider the combined action of fatigue and corrosion phenomena. The experimental test procedure to be applied for generating S-N curves and qualifying the steel materials with respect to corrosion-fatigue face different challenges. One of the important ones is to introduce representative surface defects that reflects the exposure time of the real life corrosion process as this will have a strong influence of the slope parameter of the S-N curves. The aim of this work is to propose a new methodology to obtain S-N design curves allowing for the samples to be pre corroded to obtain realistic surface defects. The pre corrosion procedure is made to ensure that all samples have the same defects caused by localized corrosion and that those defects are representative of those presented in real risers with flooded annulus. Considering the effect of the defects aspect on fatigue evaluation allows a better prediction of the remaining life of pipes operating in flooded annulus conditions. Two S-N curves were compared allowing for proving the potential of the methodology and promising results were obtained, giving more reliable S-N curves. Furthermore, it was possible to conclude that under the assessed conditions the fatigue in air tests of pre-corroded wire during 60 days showed the same performance as the new one (non-pre-corroded) wires tested in corrosion-fatigue.
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Voinea, Mihaela, und Andreea Sitoiu. „Children’s Wellbeing Starts at Home. Redefining Parenting According to the Digitalized Society“. In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/37.
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The changes in digitalized society are reflected in the family and school environment. Nowadays children are characterized as “Homo zappiens” (Veen & Vrakking, 2011) or “digi” generation (Gold, 2016) because they are growing up using modern technology (mobile phone, computer, iPod etc.) since early childhood. The use of new communication technologies by children induced major changes in play, learning and parenting. They learn and play in a global and digital culture. This could lead to huge discrepancies between generations, especially between parents and children, children and educators. This is because homo zappiens are digital, whereas parents are analogous sometimes. If we add to these characteristics of society the values that dominate postmodernism (hedonism, individualism etc.) we will have a clearer picture of the challenges of education today and especially, in parenting. We need to redefine the children-parents-educators relationship through a new set of criteria. Wellbeing is an important aspect of the family environment which determinates school integration and success. This article focuses on research in parents` perception regarding the parenting in digitalized society and children`s wellbeing. The research was embedded in a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm, which employed both quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection. This study included a number of 100 participants, children and their parents. Conclusion: The parents need to develop a new mind, set on children`s wellbeing and rethinking the parenting in digitalized society. A training program for parents must be a solution for develop children`s well-being at home as a condition for school.
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Manukovskiy, Andrey, A. Rubanov und N. Nedovesov. „INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER TRANSPORT OF THE FOREST TO INCREASE THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE RAFT“. In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_80-85.
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Of all the known modern types of water transport of the forest, the most promising is timber rafting, which, when used, has both positive and negative properties. Negative indicators include such indicators as: seasonality of work, since use in the winter period is impossible, loss of wood when unloading logs onto water and a raft, large dimensions, complexity of management, the need to unload a raft when unloading it. Passes through non-standard sections of the river bed and subsequent formations, special requirements for the dimensions of the waterway, speed limits and others.
One of the most acute problems caused by huge hydrodynamic resistance to movement, which increases with an increase in towing speed, is the limitation of the speed of movement of the raft in the water area. In this regard, the maximum speed of the raft in calm weather reaches no more than 1 1.2 m
/ s, while two or more powerful tugs are involved.
The limited time frame for rafting on wooden rafts is due to the flood period during the spring floods and floods, and they have fallen on hard times. Increasing the raft’s allowable towing speed will shorten the raft’s transport time. A decrease in hydrodynamic resistance when the raft is moving will increase the maximum allowable speed of its towing, which will have a positive effect on the efficiency of timber rafting.
Based on the analysis of existing known designs of modern rafts, as well as methods of influencing the reduction of hydrodynamic resistance in the field of shipbuilding, a number of methods have been proposed for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance to the movement of the raft. Methods of reducing the resistance to the movement of the raft by changing the features of its formation by placing separate sections or beams in the streamlined material, the introduction of hydrodynamic fairings are considered. The proposed methods for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance can significantly increase the efficiency of timber rafting.
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Jeong, Yongju, Seongmin Son, Seong kuk Cho, Seungjoon Baik und Jeong Ik Lee. „A Comparison Study for Off-Design Performance Prediction of a Supercritical CO2 Compressor With Similitude Analysis“. In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5017.
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Abstract Most of the power plants operating nowadays mainly have adopted a steam Rankine cycle or a gas Brayton cycle. To devise a better power conversion cycle, various approaches were taken by researchers and one of the examples is an S-CO2 (supercritical CO2) power cycle. Over the past decades, the S-CO2 power cycle was invented and studied. Eventually the cycle was successful for attracting attentions from a wide range of applications. Basically, an S-CO2 power cycle is a variation of a gas Brayton cycle. In contrast to the fact that an ordinary Brayton cycle operates with a gas phase fluid, the S-CO2 power cycle operates with a supercritical phase fluid, where temperatures and pressures of working fluid are above the critical point. Many advantages of S-CO2 power cycle are rooted from its novel characteristics. Particularly, a compressor in an S-CO2 power cycle operates near the critical point, where the compressibility is greatly reduced. Since the S-CO2 power cycle greatly benefits from the reduced compression work, an S-CO2 compressor prediction under off-design condition has a huge impact on overall cycle performance. When off-design operations of a power cycle are considered, the compressor performance needs to be specified. One of the approaches for a compressor off-design performance evaluation is to use the correction methods based on similitude analysis. However, there are several approaches for deriving the equivalent conditions but none of the approaches has been thoroughly examined for S-CO2 conditions based on data. The purpose of this paper is comparing these correction models to identify the best fitted approach, in order to predict a compressor off-design operation performance more accurately from limited amount of information. Each correction method was applied to two sets of data, SCEIL experiment data and 1D turbomachinery code off-design prediction code generated data, and evaluated in this paper.
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Sanyal, Subrata. „Metrology of Navy Directed Energy Weapons“. In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2016.22.
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As weapons technologies advance rapidly, so must the ability to measure the new technologies. The importance of carrying out basic and applied research, development, test & evaluation (RDT&E) for Metrology, Standardization, and Measurement Traceability to International System of Units (SI) will be highlighted. For Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) systems, inclusion of such work early in the life-cycle of DE technology development has potentially huge cost-benefits. Important challenges, both in S&T and otherwise, faced by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) / Department of Navy (DoN) DE Test and Evaluation (T&E) and Metrology and Calibration (METCAL) communities in executing their RDT&E efforts, will be discussed. Some approaches will be presented to address these challenges. As DEWs continue to develop, it is necessary that development of measurement techniques and calibration procedures become a priority in order to ensure that they can be reliable systems for the warfighter.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Hume`s theory"
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EGR Cooler Fouling Reduction: A New Method for Assessment in Early Engine Development Phase. SAE International, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/022-01-0589.
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High pressure EGR provides NOx emission reduction even at low exhaust temperatures. To maintain a safe EGR system operation over a required lifetime, the EGR cooler fouling must not exceed an allowable level, even if the engine is operated under worst-case conditions. A reliable fouling simulation model represents a valuable tool in the engine development process, which validates operating and calibration strategies regarding fouling tendency, helping to avoid fouling issues in a late development phase close to series production. Long-chained hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas essentially impact the fouling layer formation. Therefore, a simulation model requires reliable input data especially regarding mass flow of long-chained hydrocarbons transported into the cooler. There is a huge number of different hydrocarbon species in the exhaust gas, but their individual concentration typically is very low, close to the detection limit of standard in-situ measurement equipment like GC-MS. Therefore, a new measurement and analysis approach has been developed, where the exhaust gas is guided to a metal foam collector, in which HC`s are deposited. The probe is then analyzed in a suited thermogravimetrical system (TGA) in nitrogen atmosphere, temperature range 25°C to 650°C. Analyzing the TGA curve, HC concentration data for 6 different boiling temperature ranges are obtained, provided to an adapted 1-d fouling simulation model. Using these data along with further input parameters like cooler geometry, gas temperature, pressure, flow, particle size distribution and coolant temperature, the simulation model has proven as a suitable tool to predict the fouling and identify engine settings for fouling reduction.