Thematische Bibliographien / Human smuggling – Prevention

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Human smuggling – Prevention“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Human smuggling – Prevention"

Alfarizi, Muhammad Azzam. „INDONESIAN LEGAL POLITICAL POLICIES ON IMMIGRATED CRIMINAL ACTION IN THE ERADICATION AND PREVENTION OF PERSONAL TRADE ACT: NORMATIVE –EMPIRIC AXIOLOGY“. Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 2, Nr. 2 (20.10.2019): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v2i2.56.

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Transnational crime has great potential in Indonesia, which is a developing country. Transnational crime is not only driven by free trade factors or weak law enforcement in Indonesia, but also by Indonesia's geographical area itself. In the midst of the nation's problems that are happening today are very much and require serious attention, one of the things that is of serious concern is People smuggling or human smuggling. This research is a normative legal research used in an effort to analyze legal materials by referring to legal norms set forth in statutory regulations. The results of the research show about how the criminal act of human smuggling is regulated in positive law in Indonesia and how the criminal responsibility for those who commit human smuggling crimes. From the research results, it can be concluded that the international community, including Indonesia, views people smuggling as a transnational organized crime that can threaten state security. The crime of human smuggling is regulated in the Immigration Law Number 6 of 2011. Criminal Liability for the Crime of People Smuggling is in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2011 Article 120.

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Kuzmin, Yury A. „MIGRANTS AS POTENTIAL VICTIMS OF CRIME: VICTIMOLOGICAL ASPECT“. Oeconomia et Jus, Nr. 1 (26.03.2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2021-1-52-59.

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The problem of preventing crime against migrants is updated. The urgency of issues related to preventing crimes against migrants as the main factor of criminality prevention in general is substantiated. The relevance of the topic is caused by the fact that in modern conditions, the attitude to migrants in accordance with the norms of international law is equally ambivalent. Migrants are exposed to numerous risks of victimization, and many of them suffer from victimization – sometimes repeatedly, and sometimes even systematically. Such risks of victimization can be classified together with their individual background of emigration and immigration. The two main types of criminal behaviour that is of interest to criminal policy – human trafficking and human smuggling – are addressed in the two Amendment Protocols to the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Convention): the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. In the latter document, migrants are perceived as offenders, not as victims, especially in legal treatment of smuggling. This is justified by the fact that migrants represent a demand for smuggling services, and this demand is considered the main incentive for this branch of organized crime, including transnational one. However, current legal situation – both the international legal framework and the legal provisions applied in the main jurisdictions – does not reflect the victimological reality of migration. The distinction between human trafficking and people smuggling (trafficking) creates a significant gap in the treatment of victims. The same is true of public, political and academic discussions that tend to ignore the reality of migration, which is characterized by the fact that not only victims of trafficking, but migrants in general, are clearly vulnerable and are at multiple risks of victimization. The problem of preventing crime against migrants is that it is hardly possible to justify a politically motivated dividing victims of criminal acts into two groups (trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants) in order to achieve two different standards of protection, especially in light of the enormous risks of victimization to which all migrants are exposed.

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Yosepin Simbolon, Nanci, und Madyasah Ablisar. „The prevention of child trafficking crimes and its legal reform“. E3S Web of Conferences 52 (2018): 00033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185200033.

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The news about human trafficking especially children in Indonesia is increasing both domestically and across borders. The crime also includes in the form of labor smuggling, immigrant smuggling, slave trade, women and children. One of the most serious and very complex issues is the impact it has on and directly related to the child’s fate. In 2016, the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection reported, there were 943 victims of human trafficking reported in 65 the media. Separately, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission officially identifies 307 child trafficking victims. It remains unclear whether these two processes lead to an investigation or provision of protection to victims. This research uses normative research method to find out the prevention of child trafficking crime and form of legal renewal about child trafficking. This study states that the prevention of child trafficking victims is by prevention, prosecution to traffickers, and protection measures against victims. In addition, there needs to be a renewal of criminal law which should also focus on the protection of victims of trafficking in persons so as to provide opportunities for victims to gain their rights.

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Kluczyński, Maciej. „Prevention of Money Laundering in the Fight Against Human Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants“. Internal Security 5, Nr. 2 (30.12.2013): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20805268.1094127.

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Bakker, Felix Ferdin, und Muh Alif Jamil Pratama. „STRENGTHENING THE POSITION OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES IN THE PREVENTION OF TRADE CRIMINAL ACTIONS AND HUMAN STUNNING“. Journal of Law and Border Protection 2, Nr. 2 (10.12.2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v2i2.194.

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Transnational crime in the territory of Indonesia is increasingly motivated by several pushes and pull factors. First, Indonesia's strategic position makes many people tempted to anchor to Indonesia to make Indonesia a transit country and live and develop. This is worrying because it cannot be denied that foreigners enter a country in an illegal way and cross borders. Second, state borders without immigration documents or other valid documents will create new problems, which of course, can lead to criminal issues. Of course, a policy of equitable borders and controls is the answer to this problem.Another thing that cannot be left out is that establishing a positive law that is firm and binding is the key to the success of this policy. This research study uses normative legal research methods with qualitative data collection juxtaposed with descriptive analysis techniques so that the existing problems regarding transnational crimes, especially human smuggling, can be presented comprehensively and informatively. Outreach to the community as the first informant is one of the keys to community-based surveillance and enforcement management. It is hoped that with the coordination and synergy of problems related to foreign nationals who are the perpetrators of human smuggling crimes, it is expected that it can decrease statistically so that the selective policy principle that is aspired is that only foreigners who provide benefits and have valid documents can enter Indonesian territory and give services to Indonesia's national progress.

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Woldemichael, Zelalem Shiferaw. „Prevention of Human Trafficking in Ethiopia: Assessing The Legal Framework“. Hasanuddin Law Review 3, Nr. 3 (26.12.2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i3.1076.

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Recent findings have indicated that both in-country trafficking (trafficking of individuals from rural areas to relatively affluent towns and cities) and external trafficking (trafficking of individuals from a given country to foreign countries) are prevalent in Ethiopia. In 2012, the government acceded to the Protocol to Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (The UN Trafficking Protocol, here after). With a view to giving effect to the requirements of this instrument, the government passed in to law Proclamation No. 909/2015 (The Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants Proclamation), which is the most comprehensive of all laws adopted in Ethiopia to deal with human trafficking. Taking in to account the fact that human trafficking is exacerbated by the absence of regulatory framework on the employment of Ethiopian nationals in foreign countries, the govern-ment has also brought in to practice Proclamation No. 923/2016 (Ethiopia’s Overseas Employment Proclamation). This article has examined whether the above-mentioned laws of Ethiopia comply with international standards in dealing with prevention strategies.

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Puzyrov, M. S., S. V. Hashenko und V. V. Shapka. „FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF CRIME PREVENTION OF FOREIGNERS AND STATELESS PERSONS“. Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2024, Nr. 1 (27.06.2024): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2024.01.051.

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The article is dedicated to the study of foreign experience of crime prevention of foreigners and stateless persons with the formulation of scientifically based prospects for its implementation in Ukraine. The relevance of the selected issues is explained by the following circumstances: firstly, in the conditions of the ongoing war, a significant part of the population of Ukraine was forced to emigrate abroad and can potentially become either subjects or victims of criminal offenses; secondly, international cooperation in the most dangerous types of criminality is increasing, in particular: smuggling, illegal trafficking of weapons, drugs, human trafficking (including involvement in prostitution), theft of cultural and historical values, etc.; thirdly, the identities of criminals (criminal offenders) – foreigners and stateless persons – have not been fully studied, especially their criminogenic behaviour in the conditions of modern national and world realities. It is emphasized that crime prevention of foreigners and stateless persons in Ukraine is impossible without a study of the positive experience of law enforcement agencies functioning in foreign countries, which assign a priority role in their activities to the prevention of criminal offenses in a certain area. The conducted research on the study of the experience of developed foreign countries in the field of crime prevention of foreigners and stateless persons provides grounds for determining the following forms of its implementation to preventive activities in Ukraine: 1) use of the experience of the USA and European countries in the preparation of conceptual legal acts in the field of crime prevention of foreigners and stateless persons; 2) use by law enforcement structures (in particular, the police) and non-state structures of civil society of positive foreign practices of crime prevention by foreigners and stateless persons; 3) use of opportunities for international cooperation in the field of combating criminality of foreigners and stateless persons, as well as preventing the commission of criminal offenses against these categories of persons who are on the territory of Ukraine. Key words: war, martial law, criminal offense, identity of a criminal (criminal offender), victim of a criminal offense, victimhood, determinants, forced migration, foreigners, stateless persons, criminality, smuggling, illegal weapon trafficking, illegal drug trafficking, prevention measures, subjects of prevention, law enforcement agencies, foreign experience, international cooperation, criminal proceedings, investigation, procedural actions.

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Massari, Monica, Simona Miceli und Ombretta Ingrascì. „A prevention approach to undocumented forms of migration across the Mediterranean Sea: a critical assessment from Italy“. Open Research Europe 4 (28.06.2024): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17607.1.

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This article is aimed at providing a solid empirical basis which can inspire the development of more informed strategies in the field of prevention of undocumented forms of migration across the Mediterranean. Besides, more traditional forms of human smuggling and trafficking, a new phenomenon has emerged especially along the Central Mediterranean route, i.e. trafficking in itinere, which affects people who had originally sought irregular travel services but then ended up in being kidnapped, tortured and kept in detention centres during their migratory path. Therefore, their irregular journey to Europe becomes the only way to survive. The methodology adopted draws from in-depth interviews with experts in Italy – especially prosecutors, law enforcements officers, representatives of NGOs and journalists -, the analysis of institutional reports and sources, as well as biographical accounts provided by migrants. The analysis critically addresses the countereffects produced by the hardening of borders and militarisation of sea routes in the Mediterranean area especially in terms of enhancement of the smuggling industry, increased human rights violations and clandestinization of migrants whose experiences and knowledge are too often underrepresented or misrepresented in the public debate. This results in a negative impact on migration policy-making and on the adoption of more effective measures aimed at addressing the governance of borders and the reception system in the EU. In conclusion, some recommendations are made, which call for a reconsideration of the distinction between economic and political migrants, an enhancement of the right to migrate which can guarantee safer forms of mobility toward the EU, a serious reconsideration of the politics of externalization of European borders with its extremely severe costs in terms of human rights, and a stronger valorisation of migrants’ actual needs, expectations and projects in the design of more effective policies aimed at improving the overall EU reception system.

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Sartika Saimima, Ika Dewi, Clara Ignatia Tobing und Mochammad Syafruddin Rezky Sanaky. „Human Trafficking on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Cases as Transnational Crime on Indonesia Coastal Boundary“. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 2, Nr. 2 (02.02.2022): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v2i2.74.

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Indonesian strategic archipelago allows rapid migration of goods and services to its neighbor countries. Along with goods and services, the wide coastal area also facilitates migrant worker to enter and exit Indonesia through several ports. First and foremost interference on the borderless coastal boundary is Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing. The IUU foreign fishing vessels frequently transporting illegal migrant worker obtained through human trafficking, people smuggling, forced labor, child exploitation, torture, and discrimination. This practices can then be categorized as one of the transnational organized crime at sea. This paper focuses on the studies of notorious cases of human trafficking on IUU Fishing. This journal will also observe the lack of prevention measure of transnational crime on UNCLOS and utilization of bilateral and multilateral treaties on IUU Fishing.

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Ayalew, Negesse Asnake. „Special Investigate Techniques for Human Trafficking Investigation in Ethiopia“. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 1, Nr. 1 (31.03.2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.38.

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The police have the responsibility to balance public protection from harm by respecting the human rights of suspects during prevention and investigation. However, it is difficult to achieve absolute balance because it is determined based on the police because the process or model of crime control, especially in the case of special investigative techniques, is a confidential investigation of serious crimes based on the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, and adequate protection. The purpose of the doctrinal article evaluates the role of special crime investigation techniques for human trafficking in Ethiopia. Data is collected through document review and interviews with crime investigators, intentionally and in direct contact. Qualitative research and descriptive design. The collected data is analyzed thematically. Research findings that there are some special investigative technical provisions in FDRE criminal justice policies, human trafficking and smuggling of migrant proclamations. However, this legal basis is not as comprehensive as specific types of investigation techniques, who did it and for how long, the requirements for doing this were not answered. Therefore, the House of Representatives must make a law covering all specific investigative techniques for human trafficking in Ethiopia. The Attorney General must also create public awareness about it.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Human smuggling – Prevention"

Hui, Ka-yu, und 許嘉裕. „Tackling the problem of global Chinese human smuggling: from a perspective of international cooperation“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46773320.

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Hathaway, Dana S. „Human Trafficking and Slavery: Towards a New Framework for Prevention and Responsibility“. PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/534.

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Human trafficking and slavery are horrific crimes that require strict penalties for perpetrators and effective protections for survivors, but these crimes are in part facilitated by a system of laws and norms that effectively marginalize certain populations--the "unskilled" migrant. In this thesis I aim to reexamine and reinterpret the problem of human trafficking and slavery in a way that highlights the background conditions to the problem. I argue that the framework used as a conceptual foundation for addressing the problem limits the scope of responsibility. Specifically, the framework fails to acknowledge structural contributing factors I show to be relevant: law, policy, and norms impacting immigration and migrant labor. I assert that the limited scope of responsibility, which focuses heavily on direct perpetrators of the crime, leaves largely unexamined the role of social-structural processes in contributing to the problem. I use the United States as a case study in order to provide a targeted analysis of social-structural processes that contribute to the problem. In this examination of the United States, I focus on agricultural and domestic slavery. In conclusion, I attempt to build a new conceptual framework that calls attention to social-structural processes and includes this understanding in assigning responsibility for the problem. I assert that anti-trafficking efforts must account for the role of social-structural processes and that these contributing factors must be adequately addressed and incorporated into the framework for prevention.

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PAUS, ANNA. „ORGANISATION, COOPERATION AND REDUCTION: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ILLEGAL MARKET ACTORS FACILITATING IRREGULAR MIGRATION AT EU-INTERNAL TRANSIT POINTS“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/737858.

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The facilitation of irregular migration by organised criminal groups [OCGs] at EU-internal transit points represents a specific illegal market type. This PhD thesis uses a mixed methodology approach to study this market with a focus on Italy, one of the main entry and transit countries for irregular migrants aiming to reach Central and Northern Europe, as well as the pulsating heart of intense EU-public and political debate around issues of mismanaged, undocumented immigration. While the debate has concentrated on the organised smuggling of irregular migrants via sea routes, less attention has been paid to EU-inland routes. What is known about the latter is mainly restricted to sporadic cases in which smuggling journeys have ended tragically. This has led to the rather uninformed and sensationalist notion that the market for human smuggling is monopolised by highly structured and sophisticated transnational OCGs. However, existing empirical evidence rather suggests OCGs to be weakly-tied and fragmented in structure. Considering that these OCGs operate on a highly uncertain market, which lacks in institutional control and formal contracts, it becomes not only interesting, but vital to understand how these OCGs nevertheless execute their business successfully. The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the organisational structure of OCGs operating on this illegal market type, to elucidate how its decentralised structure influences the market’s operation, and to analyse relational mechanisms that induce cooperative rather than opportunistic behaviour by illegal market actors. In doing so, the specificities and parallels of this distinct illegal market actor are compared to human smuggling organisations operating at EU-external borders. On the basis of these results, novel market reduction measures are pointed out, which are context-tailored, as well as more generally applicable to countering human smuggling into and within the EU. The study aims to achieve its purpose through a context-specific socio-economic analysis of organised human smuggling at transit points internally to the EU by means of: (i) a critical review of the literature on EU-related human smuggling; (ii) a thematic analysis of secondary sources as well as expert interviews on EU-internal organised human smuggling, and finally, (iii) a social network analysis of a selected, large-scale human smuggling organisation in Northern Italy. Together, these three different analyses lead to significant conclusions. OCGs involved in EU-internal human smuggling exhibit a decentralised organsational structure, which includes at most a two-tier level, including resourceful smugglers at the top and precarious individuals at the bottom. These OCGs are constituted not only by foreign- but also largely by European actors. Common ethnicity appears to facilitate cooperation between smugglers, as well as the criminal experience of a few. Compared to increasingly structured OCGs operating at the borders of Europe, the EU-internal human smuggling market appears still less organised and less violent and/or life-threatening for migrants. The latter is exhibited by a shift from physical transport to the progressive use of fraudulent documents on the EU-internal human smuggling market, which however might indicate increased involvement of resourcesful smugglers. It is argued that such a highly resilient illegal market structure can only be countered through (i) the improved targeting of high-tier smugglers but more importantly, necessitates (ii) recruitment prevention strategies that target the marginalisation and socio-economic precarity of smugglers, which are measures that notably overlap with the aim to reduce the demand of irregular migrants for smuggling services in the first place.

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Bücher zum Thema "Human smuggling – Prevention"

Mountz, Alison. Seeking asylum: Human smuggling and bureaucracy at the border. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

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Mijalković, Saša. Ilegalne migracije i trgovina ljudima. Beograd: Kriminalističko-policijska akademija, 2012.

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Personnel, United States Congress House Committee on Armed Services Subcommittee on Military. Trafficking in persons: Joint hearing before the Military Personnel Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services meeting jointly with Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations Subcommittee of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, hearing held June 21, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Pakistan Regional Office. Recent trends of human trafficking and migrant smuggling to and from Pakistan. Islamabad: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2013.

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Levchenko, O. P. Torgovli︠a︡ li︠u︡dʹmi i legalizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ prestupnykh dokhodov: Voprosy protivodeĭstvii︠a︡. Moskva: I︠U︡NITI-DANA, 2009.

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Mijalković, Saša. Suprostavljanje trgovini ljudima i krijumčarenju migranata: Mogućnosti unapređenja bezbednosno-kriminalističke prakse nacionalnog sistema bezbednosti. Beograd: Službeni glasnik, 2009.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Pakistan Regional Office. Pakistan's law enforcement response to the smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons. Islamabad: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Country Office Pakistan, 2011.

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Gallegos, Miguel Gonzales. Trata de personas en Bolivia 1999-2014. Cochabamba: Infante, Promoción Integral de la Mujer y la Infancia, 2014.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims. Pushing the border out on alien smuggling: New tools and intelligence initiatives : hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, May 18, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Regional perspectives in the global fight against human trafficking: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, November 4, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office., 2014.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Human smuggling – Prevention"

Mitsilegas, Valsamis. „Contested Sovereignty in Preventive Border Control“. In Privatising Border Control, 36—C2.P89. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857163.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter explores attempts by states, and by the European Union, to create a hostile environment against those who are viewed as assisting migrants, and in particular lawyers, civil society organisations, and non-governmental organisations. The chapter demonstrates how state responses stem from the fact that the intervention of non-state actors in migration management is deemed as a threat to state sovereignty. The chapter addresses the uses and abuses of criminal law, including treating humanitarian action as human smuggling, in order to target civil society. It also highlights attempts to establish an environment of obedience by requiring compliance with a series of administrative and legal requirements. The chapter casts light on the negative consequences of the evolution of the hostile environment for the protection of human rights and the rule of law.

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Pal, Palash, Dilip Dey, Anushka Pandey, Monishita Chakraborty, Deepti Kumari, Komal Kumari und Priya Kumari. „Anti-Poaching of Tree Monitoring and Forest Fire Detection System Using Renewable Energy“. In Machine Learning and Computer Vision for Renewable Energy, 123–34. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2355-7.ch007.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have emerged as an effective solution for monitoring and recording physical conditions of the environment. Forests, being an important part of the ecosystem, are prone to several challenges including forest fires and tree poaching. Uncontrolled anthropogenic activities, abnormal natural conditions, and tree smuggling are some of the factors that contribute to these problems. To address these issues, the authors propose a WSN-based system for preventing tree poaching and forest fires. The system will consist of spatially distributed sensors that will continuously monitor the physical conditions of the forest, including temperature, humidity, and presence of human activity. The data collected from these sensors will be processed in a central location to detect any abnormal changes in the environment. In case of a potential forest fire or tree poaching activity, the system will send alerts to the relevant authorities, allowing them to take timely action. By leveraging the power of WSN, the proposed system aims to prevent and monitor forest fires and tree poaching.

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Iliadou, Evgenia. „The Politics of Deterrence and Closed Borders“. In Border Harms and Everyday Violence, 23–44. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529212761.003.0002.

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This chapter focuses on the politics of closed borders and deterrence that has been enforced since the Schengen Agreement 1985 but which has proliferated in the aftermath of the 2015 ‘refugee crisis’ by establishing a dystopic landscape of border controls and violence. In the first section, I argue that various exceptional externalization border policies and practices have been enforced (at EU, national and local levels) as a response to the 2015 refugee crisis. Externalization policies and practices target people who are en route to Europe by immobilizing or intercepting them in non-EU countries and, therefore, pre-emptively deterring them and preventing them from reaching Europe. In the second section, I argue that although externalization is justified, legitimized and enforced allegedly to alleviate human suffering, prevent border deaths and protect border crossers’ from the smuggling and trafficking networks, externalization made border crossings and transit routes more securitized, perilous, expensive and dependent on smugglers and traffickers. In the third section, I focus on the internalization of border policies and practices that target people who manage to reach Greece and Europe (alive). The section examines the operationalization of the Greek Aegean Islands as filtering, screening and deportation mechanisms. I deploy the metaphor of Lesvos as a ‘prison island’ wherein deterrence is actively materialized.

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