Dissertationen zum Thema „Human Development Program“

Wilderness therapy is increasingly seen as a viable treatment alternative for troubled youth, yet there is a noticeable dearth of research comparing the effectiveness of wilderness therapy with more traditional treatment programs. To help address this research need, this study conducted an exploratory analysis of the therapeutic benefits of a wilderness therapy program, Wilderness Quest (WQ), compared to a therapeutic community program, Life-Line (LL). The WQ and LL programs both are based on a 12- step recovery philosophy and emphasize the integral role of the family in adolescent treatment. The study employed a qualitative methodology, beginning with an extended period of observation (approximately eight weeks) in each program. The primary data for the study came from follow-up surveys with youth and their parents which were conducted about 13-15 months after the time of enrollment. Twenty-one families were represented in the study (10 from the WQ program and 11 from the LL program). The WQ program was perceived to be a "pivotal experience" for many youth and the most common reported benefit was increased self-confidence. The most common reported benefit for youth in the LL program was a "pivotal change" in lifestyle, with groups and one-on-one talks with staff and peers being the most beneficial. The study discussed the subtle distinction found with the short-term wilderness program being a " pivotal experience" and the long-term therapeutic community program leading to "pivotal change." The most common reported benefit for families in both programs was an increase in communication and closeness. In the follow-up behavior assessments there were no perceived differences between WQ and LL youth in areas of family relations, school/education, and job/work. There was a slight difference in peer relations with LL youth behaviors slightly more positive than WQ youth, and there was a notable difference in substance abuse with LL youth behaviors being more positive. The data also indicated that certain post-treatment factors were related to youth progress after leaving the programs, with aftercare and association with positive peers being the most in1portant for WQ youth and program graduation and association with positive peers being the most important for LL youth. Interpretive models were developed to illustrate the developmental growth patterns of youth in the two programs.

Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 100-103).
This research has as fundamental purpose, the generation of strategies for the product development organization in Ford of Mexico; the goal is to increase the capability of the workforce for the development of future work streams. In this thesis, a network model for organizational architectures referred as organizational design structure matrix is used to identify the main interactions among the project teams; this interaction pattern is compared to product interfaces captured in a product DSM model. A case study from Ford Motor Company is utilized; the development is narrowed to the analysis of the front end system of a new CD platform vehicle during the main stages of the product development process. To set up a context for this thesis, I elaborate the product development process from Ford and describe the main design challenges from the case study. In this thesis, I also explain the role that communication plays in an organization due to team geographic location and categories within the organization. DSM concepts and methods are explained to converge further in the application of the product development organization case study. I start the research with the creation of the product DSM for the front end system team through data collection, and interviews with the core engineering group at the company; surrogate data from current production CD vehicles was analyzed. I survey the Ford front end system team to understand the frequency and level of interaction among component teams during the development of the project. Technical maturity level of each team member is collected as well. Additional data from the program management team is acquired to cross reference project team performance with organizational communication. I compare the data set collected with the product architecture DSM to determine mismatches in the organization interactions. In addition, a series of clustering analyses are also compared to improve the team design structure matrix; these results allow us to convey strategies and recommendations to Ford of Mexico organization, to ultimately enhance the product development organization capabilities.
by Rodolfo Reyes Luna.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

World leaders, policy makers, and scholars are engaged in efforts to improve human development (HD), which, for the United Nations (UN) Development Program, is about allowing people choices in their lives and providing tools with which to make those choices. Success in increasing human development will impact the daily lives of a nationâ s citizens as well as contribute to success in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): eight shared UN goals to improve living conditions of people around the world. The information currently available to those seeking to enhance human development measures focuses on a macro-level approach that advocates first advancing national economic development. Recent research on meeting the MDGs focuses on micro-level individual or community activities. Entrepreneurial and microfinance activity are two such micro-level activities that have been associated in research with advances in national economic development. Microfinance, particularly microcredit, activities have been associated in research with advances in some human development measures. Similar research concerning how entrepreneurial activity may relate directly to human development is lacking. This research project was designed to examine the relationships of these individual activities with human development independent of economic development. Two questions guided this study: (a) Does individual activity (either entrepreneurial or microfinance) have a direct effect on human development, separate from any effect through economic development and (b) If so, do certain types of individual activity (either entrepreneurial or microfinance) have a stronger relationship with some human development measures more than others? Due to data challenges, the scope of this research was restricted to a retrospective study examining measures of entrepreneurial activity with measures of human development. A similar exploration involving microfinance activity is planned for the future. A literature search and content analysis were conducted to determine definitions and measures. Data on nine measures were collected from 44 nations. Analyses indicated that one measure of entrepreneurial activity (own account workers-individuals owning or operating an enterprise, but hiring no employees) does have a statistically significant relationship with one measure of human development (literacy). Guidelines are also offered from lessons learned in navigating the disparate maze of conceptual and measurement issues when researching this territory. With several years remaining in the UN Millennium Development Challenge and the UN Decade of Literacy, this research may have implications for policy makers and world leaders as they seek ways to improve both economic and human development simultaneously.
Ph. D.

Studies assessing novice programming proficiency have often found that many students coming out of introductory-level programming courses still struggle with programming. To address this, some researchers have attempted to find and develop ways to better help students succeed in learning to program. This dissertation research contributes to this area by studying the programming processes of students trained through a specific program design curriculum, How to Design Programs (HTDP). HTDP is an introductory-level curriculum for teaching program design that teaches a unique systematic process called the design recipe that leverages the structure of input data to design programs. The design recipe explicitly scaffolds learners through the program design process by asking students to produce intermediate artifacts that represent a given problem in different ways up to a program solution to the problem. Although HTDP is used in several higher-education institutions and some K-12 programs, how HTDP-trained students design programs towards problems, particularly ones with multiple task-components, has not been thoroughly studied. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to gain an understanding and insight into how students use the techniques put forth by the design recipe towards designing solutions for programming problems. I conducted a series of exploratory user studies with HTDP-trained student cohorts from HTDP course instances across two different universities to collect and analyze students’ programming process data in situ. I synthesized findings from each study towards an overall conceptual framework, which serves as a data-grounded theory that captures several facets of HTDP-trained students’ program design process. The main contribution of this work is this theory, which describes: (1) the program design-related skills that students used and the levels of complexity at which they applied these skills, (2) how students’ use of design skills evolve during a course, (3) the interactions between program design skills and course contexts that influenced how students applied their skills, and (4) the programming process patterns by which students approached the programming problems we gave and how these approaches relate towards students’ success with the problems. Using insights from the theory, I describe recommendations toward pedagogical practices for teaching HTDP-based courses, as well as broader reflections towards teaching introductory CS.

The built environment can be structured to encourage or discourage social interaction and can have effects on children's cognitive, social, and emotional development as well as effects on elder's health and well-being. Knowing the profound influence of the built environment on elders (Garin, et al., 2014) and children (Bradford, 2012), the design of intergenerational spaces therefore has the potential to influence the interaction between elders and children engaged in intergenerational programming. Intergenerational care programs present opportunities for cooperation and exchange of skills, knowledge, and experience between people of different age groups (Bradford, 2012; Jarrott, 2011; Kaplan et al., 2002; Newman, 1997). Highlighting the common points and connections between architectural phenomenology and human development theories, this study presents the benefit of developmental theories being applied empirically in architectural design when creating intergenerational facilities in order to enhance the quality of intergenerational interactions. To address this goal, this study examines physical environments that can effectively and efficiently provide intergenerational services. The objectives of this study are to find out (1) whether or not the identification and adaptation of human development theories and architectural phenomenology inform the extension of normative design for intergenerational facilities and (2) in what ways do architectural conditions of an intergenerational space meet the needs of multiple age groups and facilitates interaction. The study uses grounded theory framework to develop a theory related to the influence of spatial design on the quality of intergenerational interactions. To accomplish this, a phenomenological description of different intergenerational spaces was conducted, followed by four to six hours of behavioral/observation mapping of the intergenerational space. The investigator interviewed the architect(s) to ascertain their main ideas and the purpose of designing the building, and the people (participants, educators, coordinators, and facilitators) involved with the intergenerational programs to indicate how the space influences intergenerational interaction. The result of reviewing and analyzing the collected data is a new model of design process grounded in theoretical tenets of personhood and contact theory and applicable for designing intergenerational facilities.
Ph. D.

The field of executive coaching has grown in popularity as a developmental tool for leaders. With the potential for a leadership continuity gap and the desire for organizations to strengthen leadership talent pools to prepare for succession planning, there is a need for empirical research regarding the effectiveness of executive coaching. The aim of this mixed method study was to explore the factors that contribute to successful coaching outcomes. The combination of an online survey of 68 high potential leaders and follow up interviews with 40 of those same leaders yielded information about the coaching experience. The results showed a correlation between the number of years a leader was with the company and his or her perception of a positive coaching experience. In addition, the total amount of time the coach and the leader spent together was correlated with the perception of a positive coaching experience. Finally, most leaders noted that exceptional coaches demonstrated professionalism in several ways, such as listening to the client, showing an interest in the client and their development, and providing advice and helpful suggestions. A better understanding of the factors that promote successful outcomes for high potential leaders will assist coaches in having positive impact on client and organizational performance. This study is unique in that it examines coaching in the context of a larger intervention, a leadership development program, using HR professionals as internal coaches with high potential leaders. For organizations using coaching in this fashion, this study addresses gaps in the literature, which was an impetus for this research. Additional research might be valuable on how coaching clients define a successful coaching outcome, a client's readiness to change, the coach-client relationship, and factors that promote sustained behavior change in a leader.
Ph. D.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1986.
Title from title page screen, viewed July 11, 2005. Dissertation Committee: William E. Piland (chair), Ramesh B. Chaudhari, Richard G. Erzen, Larry D. Kennedy, Ivan J. Lach. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-118) and abstract. Also available in print.

This study examined the effects of the Youth and Families with Promise mentoring program on family relationships; specifically, whether aspects of the youth's relationship with parents and siblings changed while he/she was involved in the mentoring program, and whether parent functioning and behavior became more effective and positive. Family systems theory and the social systems model of family stress provided the theoretical frameworks for the analysis. Several aspects of the mentoring relationship were examined to understand their impact on family outcomes. These factors included the intensity of the mentoring experience, family involvement in program activities, and the unique aspects of the Youth and Families with Promise mentoring program. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were utilized to provide a more complete picture of the program outcomes. Survey data were collected from parents, youth, and mentors approximately eight months after youth were enrolled in the program. Qualitative data were collected through focus group interviews with parents, mentors, and grandmentors to identify specific changes observed in the youth. Additional data were collected through individual youth telephone interviews to understand how the youth perceived the program and its beneficial components. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and a content analysis of the qualitative data. Comparisons were also made between youth actively involved in the program with an assigned mentor and youth who were enrolled but had little contact with their mentor or program activities. Analyses showed that participation in this program had a positive impact on parent-child relationships, parent functioning, and sibling relationships for approximately one third of the youth and their families. This study suggests that the benefits of mentoring programs may extend beyond the mentored youth into the family system. To fully understand the impact of a mentoring program, these changes must be evaluated.

Background: Physical inactivity of the general population is a major public health concern in the US and around the world. Community-based interventions that include evidence-based principles of group dynamics are effective at improving individual-level physical activity behaviors as well as changing social norms for health behaviors. The use of technologies such as smartwatches has a potential to channel and amplify underlying group dynamics principles in such interventions. In order to explore the use of smartwatches for group dynamics-based physical activity interventions, a smartwatch centered system was designed and deployed as part of an eight-week pilot study. Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to explore the degree to which smartwatches effectively channel group dynamics strategies in the context of an eight-week community based physical activity intervention. Methods: In this explanatory mixed-methods study, system usage data were analyzed (e.g., frequency of interaction with smartwatch and smartphone) and participant physical activity (e.g., participant steps tracked by the system). To provide a richer picture of the user experience, use of features, and impact of group dynamics, participants were invited to participate in one-on-one interviews after the pilot program. The group dynamics-based questions centered on the individual’s attraction to the group task and socially as well as the individual’s perception of group integration around the task and as a social unit (i.e., the four dimensions of cohesion). The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed via an abbreviated grounded theory approach. The system usage data was visually and numerically summarized. Results: Five of the seven participants completed interviews. The interview analysis resulted in 365 meaning units representing 2 themes (related to user experience with devices and manifestations of group dynamic principles), 4 sub-themes and 23 categories. The participants completed 31.3 (SD=2.91) miles per week and engaged with the smartwatch and the Android app 2.6 and 1.5 times a day, respectively. Analysis of interviews and the system usage logs from five participants, reveal sustained engagement with the smartwatch and the smartphone app. The system facilitated self-reflection and awareness in terms of physical activity levels, encouraged interactions with the team members and helped them to stay aware of the daily goals. Additionally, the participants reported habit formation in terms of wearing and using the smartwatch on the daily basis. Implications: This study provides preliminary support that accessible information via the custom smartwatch watchface can be a viable solution for retaining higher participant engagement during group dynamics-based community interventions. Such devices can help expand group-dynamics interventions by making them less depended on in-person delivery methods.
Master of Science
Physical inactivity of the general population is a major public health concern in the US and around the world. Community-based interventions, with group dynamics strategies at the core, are effective at improving individual physical activity behaviors. The use of technologies such as smartwatches has potential to channel and amplify the underlying program principles in such interventions. This work presents a smartwatch-centered system to encourage group cohesion in physical activity interventions, exploring it as part of an eight-week study that revealed participant awareness of group performance through smartwatch interactions.

A McDonald’s training program for the positions of grill and counter was evaluated in order to identify recommendations for curriculum refinement or enhancements. The methodological approaches developed by Ford and Wroten (1984) and Bownas, Bosshardt, and Donnelly (1985) were applied. Three evaluation assessment inventories were developed: The Job task Inventory, The training Emphasis Inventory, and The Training Effectiveness Inventory. These inventories were constructed with the assistance of 49 managers, trainers, and employees with six or more months of service. Four managers, seven trainers, and 22 recent training graduates responded to the appropriate inventory and these ratings were used in the content validity evaluation. Scale reliability was evaluated for each inventory using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and Kuder-Richardson 21. Descriptive statistics were calculated for training requirements, training emphasis and training effectiveness measures. A plotting matrix was developed and correlation analyses were performed to assess content validity. Results of the analyses indicate: (a) that the three inventories are reliable, (b) that the overall grill training program reflects job tasks needed for successful job performance with the exception of a single content domain, (c) that counter managers and trainers differ in their perception of the importance of job tasks and the training emphasis needed, (d) that recent grill graduates find the training curriculum effective while counter graduates do not, and (e) that managers and trainers for both positions perceive task importance differently. The results call for slight grill training enhancements for the Secondary Duties content domain. Additionally it is indicated that the counter training program needs significant adjustments in terms of curriculum content and training emphasis.

The purpose of this thesis was two fold. First, there was an experiment in which the independent variable was the behavioral skill levels of parents and their adolescents on a social skills training program and the dependent variable was the parent and adolescent perceptions of their interpersonal relationship regarding communication and problem solving. Second, there was an experiment comparing instructional styles wherein the independent variable was the length of time used to present the social skills training program and the dependent variable was the resulting scores on the behavioral measures of the program. A modified pretest -post-test control group design was used wherein the control group for the first experiment became a portion of the experimental group for the second experiment. There were 43 parent adolescent dyads who volunteered to participate. Of those, 25 of the dyads met the minimum criteria for being included in the analysis. There were 18 dyads analyzed from the experimental group and seven from the control group. Results of the first experiment, regarding the effects of a social skills program on perceived interpersonal relationships, demonstrated that while the parents did perceive an improvement , the adolescents did not. Results of the second experiment demonstrated that the long term program of one skill every week for eight weeks was more effective than the concentrated one week program of two skills per night for four nights.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high intensity strengthening program on both muscle function and mobility in an elderly, institutionalized population. Thirty male subjects were randomly assigned to a training group three times per week or to a control "attention" group. Dynamic and isometric strength of the quadriceps, shoulder extensors and elbow flexors were measured by the one repetition maximum (1RM) and a hand-held dynamometer (Nicholas Manual Muscle Tester), respectively. Mobility skills were evaluated with the timed "Up & Go" (TUG) test and by an average walking speed over 30 m. Following the 12 week intervention, post-training evaluations demonstrated significant differences between groups with improved 1RM of both quadriceps (47%), isometric strength of the right shoulder extensors (15%), TUG scores (39%) and average walking speeds (17%). In conclusion, high intensity strength training was found to be not only feasible in the reversal of muscle weakness but also as an effective strategy in attenuating the potential loss of mobility often observed in an elderly, institutionalized population.

This study examined the effects of a computer CD-ROM storybook program on 73 Head Start children in Logan, Utah. A variation on the two-group pretest/posttest design was used to determine if there was any increase in emergent literacy skills after spending an average of 15 minutes per day for an average of 12 days on the computer. Previous research suggests that a child's home environment is integral to the preschool child 's emergent literacy development. A parent questionnaire designed for assessing information regarding the child 's I iterate environment at home was administered. Mean scores indicated that those children scoring highest on an aggregate score of four questions from the parental questionnaire also scored highest on three assessments of emergent literacy, supporting previous research that children who have been read to at home are more prepared to learn reading in the classroom. Posttest scores indicated an increase in scores for the experimental group over the not-well-read-to control group on all three assessments. Two of the three measures indicated statistically significant differences from the well-read-to control group (p = < .05). One of the most interesting findings, however, was that the experimental group's assessment scores increased over the not-well-read-to control group, but did not exceed the well-read-to control group's scores, further supporting the evidence discussed above that children who are read to in the home have an advantage over those children who are not. From these results, it was determined that computers cannot take the place of effective instruction in the home; however, when used appropriately in the classroom, the results of this study suggest that it is useful to integrate computers in the preschool classroom to augment the emergent literacy instruction already taking place.

Development of an Educational Program to Obtain and Maintain Healthy Weights Among 4th and 5th Grade Students By Stephanie D. Black MSN, University of Phoenix, 2008 BSN, Southwest Baptist University, 2006 ASN, Southwest Baptist University, 2003 Capstone Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Nursing Practice Walden University October 2017 Obesity is prevalent in schoolchildren and increases risk of chronic diseases throughout the lifespan. Strategies are needed to address this growing health problem. Education in elementary schools targeting the topics of nutritional choices and prevention of obesity, particularly in 4th-5th grade population, is one strategy researchers have identified as effective. This quality improvement project designed an educational toolkit to provide students educational knowledge and assist them to develop and explore how to incorporate healthy habits and choices into their daily lives. The purpose of this project was to develop an educational program for use in a southwestern elementary school to improve and/or maintain the weights of 4th and 5th grade students. The educational tool kit was developed for the school to implement to fill a gap their curriculum identified by school board members and educators. Orem's self-care deficit theory informed the development of this program, the educational toolkit, and all associated supplementary materials. An interdisciplinary project team of community and institutional stakeholders led by the Doctor of Nursing Practice student worked together to review peer-reviewed evidence, consider contextual challenges, and develop a curriculum suitable for the population. Plans for program implementation and evaluation were also developed to provide the school with a turnkey solution to the problem of child obesity. This initiative has great potential to promote positive social change through improving the health of local elementary school students and other elementary schools in the area may use it as a model for their own curriculum to improve knowledge, habits, and practices of elementary students relevant to positive nutritional choices.

Nowadays quality of life is often discussed topic. In defining this term, there is considerable ambiguity and disunity, since there is no universally accepted definition, nor theoretically sophisticated model. However, despite this fact, the level of quality of life is currently one of the most discussed topic. Monitoring the quality of life by using a variety of indicators are engaged in several international organizations, one of them is the Development Programme of the United Nations. This organization annually publishes the Human Development Index, which divides the world´s countries into four groups according to their level of development: low, medium, high and very high development. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the quality of life in 125 countries by using cluster analysis, accurately the Ward's method. Quality of life in this thesis is evaluated based on 19 demographic and economic indicators, which include life expectancy, literacy rate, access to drinking water and infant mortality rate. The cluster analysis divided the country into individual clusters by their similarities. Six clusters were created by this analysis, which had been compared with the results of Human Development Index. The clusters very well reflect the division, which is commonly used in the characterization of developing and developed countries. Each of the six clusters can be very well described and characterized in terms of quality of life. It is also possible qualify those clusters as poorest developing, low developed, moderately developed, medium development, high and very high development countries. Based on the results it can be stated that this analysis is consistent with other indicators of quality of life and the resulting clusters are identical with the division of countries which is commonly used.

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O presente trabalho aborda o tema AvaliaÃÃo de Programas de EducaÃÃo, uma ferramenta emergente para uso de pesquisadores, avaliadores bem como das organizaÃÃes. Constitui-se de um estudo de caso realizado no Ãmbito de uma organizaÃÃo pÃblica, a Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado do Cearà - SEFAZ-CE. Teve como objetivo geral analisar o Programa de EducaÃÃo de Jovens e Adultos da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado do Cearà â SEFAZ. Como objetivos especÃficos: mensurar as transformaÃÃes ocorridas no contexto individual e organizacional; avaliar o programa e sua contribuiÃÃo para a melhoria do desempenho profissional e pessoal dos servidores na situaÃÃo de educandos; verificar impactos que promovam a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento humano dentro da realidade organizacional SEFAZ. Para tanto, utilizou â se de procedimentos como formulÃrio avaliativo do prÃprio programa, questionÃrios e conversas informais. Para estudo e anÃlise dessa aÃÃo, buscou-se analisar o Programa de EducaÃÃo de Jovens e Adultos da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado do Cearà â SEFAZ, cuja execuÃÃo esteve a cargo da CÃlula de Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos â CEDRH da instituiÃÃo. Durante a pesquisa, foram identificadas, primeiramente, as fases de concepÃÃo, implementaÃÃo e conclusÃo do programa referente à fase I, a AlfabetizaÃÃo de Adultos, alÃm das prÃticas de avaliaÃÃo utilizadas. A pesquisa foi aplicada junto aos 22 servidores fazendÃrios, facilitadores e voluntÃrios do programa, bem como aos 57 educandos tambÃm, servidores participantes. Observou-se no estudo de caso que a avaliaÃÃo à sinÃnima de instrumento eficaz e importante para a aprendizagem do servidor e da organizacÃo, ou seja, mostrou â se como ferramenta para detecÃÃo dos resultados em benefÃcio de futuras aÃÃes de melhoria. Os dados tambÃm mostram os aspectos cognitivos e pessoais, fatores essenciais e interdependentes no processo de aprendizagem do ser humano. Estes indicam uma aÃÃo eficaz no que se refere à gestÃo de pessoas, numa consciÃncia do papel e da responsabilidade social por parte da Ãrea de recursos humanos com relaÃÃo à instituiÃÃo. Embora a pesquisa aponte para um processo embrionÃrio de avaliaÃÃo no que concerne ao programa analisado, constatou-se que, a implantaÃÃo e execuÃÃo da aÃÃo educativa apresentaram impactos positivos e eficientes no Ãmbito individual e organizacional. Estes impactos relacionados primeiramente aos aspectos emocionais e que posteriormente contribuem significadamente para o desenvolvimento humano dos funcionÃrios da instituiÃÃo.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: CHAPTER 1 In this chapter the aim is to outline the different chapters under section A. Against this background, we will conduct a literature review of relevant studies performed, and evaluate their comments regarding identifying embryo markers which can be utilized to improve overall ART outcome. We will evaluate the embryo marker sHLA-G in detail, using a prospective randomized study as well as a retrospective multi-centre study. The role of the morphology and genetic profile of an oocyte, zygote and embryo and subsequent blastocyst formation will be evaluated with the help of WGA/CGH. The work will then be summarized and conclusions will be made as well as possible suggestions for future directions will be indicated. In section B the methodology of the studies explaining the role of the candidate is illustrated. CHAPTER 2 In this chapter the impact of the oocyte/zygote and the embryo on implantation/pregnancy rate was discussed. The morphologic characteristics of the oocyte, the cumulus–oocyte-complex (COC), the zona pellucida, the perivitelline space, cytoplasm and meiotic spindle and the polar body and its appearance were discussed in detail. The morphologic characteristics of embryo fragmentation and its effect on embryo development, ploidy and blastocyst formation were also studied. Embryo markers to predict pregnancy outcome were researched based on the international literature. The pronuclear morphology and early cleavage were highlighted as non-invasive embryo markers to predict outcome. A non-invasive biochemical marker, soluble Human Leucocyte-Antigen-G (sHLA-G), that is expressed by developing embryos was researched. The value of blastocyst transfer and the improved ongoing pregnancy rate compared to cleavage stage embryos were highlighted based on a recent meta-analysis. A detailed discussion on sHLA-G as well as Array-CGH and the future of these tests followed. CHAPTER 3 In this chapter the aim was to compare pregnancy and implantation rates when embryos are selected based on a single Day 3 (D 3) morphology score vs. a GES score plus sHLA-G expression. This was a prospective randomized study (n=214) undergoing fresh ICSI cycles. Embryos were selected for transfer based on either Day 3 morphology score (Group A) or GES-scoring plus sHLA-G expression (Group B). The following results were reported: Clinical [35/107 (33%) vs. 52/107 (49%)] and ongoing pregnancy [20/107 (19%) vs. 52/107 (49%)] rates were significantly different between Group A and Group B (p<0.05). Implantation rates were not significantly different between Group A [52/353 (15%)] and Group B [73/417 (18%)] (p<0.05). The number of pregnancies lost during the first trimester was nearly 12 times higher in Group A [25/52 (48%)]. It was concluded that the miscarriage rate was significantly lower in Group B than Group A and the pregnancy results were superior when embryos were selected based on GES plus sHLA-G expression. CHAPTER 4 Several studies have reported an association between the presence of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) in human embryo culture supernatants (ES) with implantation and pregnancy outcome in vitro. However, the actual presence role during implantation and effect on implantation and pregnancy outcome are still controversial. A retrospective multi-centre study was performed on 2040 ICSI patients in six different centers. All embryos were individually cultured and a chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the presence of sHLA-G in culture medium surrounding embryos. In all centers, a positive sHLA-G result was associated with an increase in odds of multiple clinical implantations (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.05, p-value: 0.0170), and an increased odds of multiple on-going pregnancies (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.51, p-value: 0.0170). Data from this multi-centre study emphasize that sHLA-G expression is a valuable non-invasive embryo marker to assist in improving pregnancy outcome with the theoretical potential to reduce multiple pregnancies. A combination of sHLA-G expression and extended embryo culture to the blastocyst stage might provide future tools by which to select single embryos for transfer and reduce the risk of multiple gestational, without compromising their pregnancy rates. CHAPTER 5 In this chapter the ploidy status of first and second polar bodies and Day 3 blastomere, embryo morphology and biochemical (sHLA-G) characteristics were correlated with blastocyst development and subsequent pregnancy outcome. All oocytes/zygotes and embryos were individually cultured to the blastocyst stage. PB-I, PB-II and blastomeres underwent whole genome amplification (WGA) and comparative genome hybridization (CGH) and complete karyotyping. Each embryo‟s culture medium supernatant was collected and analyzed for sHLA-G expression on Day 2. The following results were reported: Fifty seven mature (MII) donor oocytes were obtained, 33/57 (57.9%) were aneuploid, 21/57 (36.8%) were euploid and 3/57 (5%) were “inconclusive”. No correlation was found between CGH status of PB-I, PB-II and the GES-score. Furthermore, no correlation was established between PB-I CGH results and blastocyst morphology grade. There was a significant correlation between PB-I CGH and blastomere CGH results. Euploid and aneuploid PB-I developed into 58% and 67% blastocysts, respectively. Kappa statistics (>0.7) revealed a positive correlation between the ploidy of PB-I, PB-II and the blastomeres. It was concluded that following ICSI and sequential genetic karyotyping of the oocyte/zygote and subsequent blastomeres, the majority of oocytes fertilized and subsequent zygotes developed into blastocysts, despite their ploidy status. We therefore conclude that blastocyst development is not associated with ploidy. CHAPTER 6 Identifying a developmentally competent embryo to transfer that has the highest probability to develop into a live baby has been an issue of debate and continues research. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the morphological, biochemical and genetic features of an embryo that has been shown to be predictive of implantation and pregnancy outcome in ART using most current evidence. A literature search was performed looking at the correlation between pronuclear morphology, early cleavage, cleavage stage embryos, blastocyst development, the presence of sHLA-G, CGH, embryo development and implantation/pregnancy rates in ART. Based on the available literature, a combination of observations could assist the scientist with embryo selection. The pronuclear stage morphology, the early embryo division, cleavage embryo stage and quality of the day 3 embryos provides limited guidance. However, choosing a blastocyst with a positive sHLA-G result on Day 5 is the optimal combination to make the final selection before embryo transfer or freezing. This non-invasive approach should improve pregnancy outcome and reduce multiple pregnancy rates. As far as the use of the more invasive technology such as aCGH is concerned, more research on pregnancy outcome is needed. CHAPTER 7 A combination of observations for embryo selection, starting with oocyte grading, pronuclear stage morphology, early zygote cleaving and cleavage-stage embryo morphology/quality on Day-3, however, ultimately using extended embryo culture and choosing a blastocyst on Day 5 with positive sHLA-G values available, will assist the scientist in making the final decision before selecting an embryo for transfer or cryopreservation. The use of aCGH (for chromosomal analysis) is invasive and is still considered experimental. Finally we conclude that despite all the above mentioned parameters to select an embryo for transfer that will develop into a live baby, more extensive research and international corroboration is needed in order to improve and standardize embryo selection criteria.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: HOOFSTUK 1 Die doel in hierdie hoofstuk is om die verskillende hoofstukke onder Afdeling A uiteen te sit. Daar word beplan om „n literatuur oorsig te doen van toepaslike studies rakend embriomerkers wat swangerskap-uitkoms in in vitro bevrugting kan verbeter. Verder sal die embriomerker sHLA-G deeglike bestudeer word met behulp van „n prospektiewe gerandomiseerde studie, asook „n retrospektiewe multisentrum studie. Die rol van embrio morfologie en die genetiese profiel van die ovum, sigoot asook die embrio en die daaropvolgende blastosist vorming sal geëvalueer word met behulp van WGA/CGH. Alle bevindings sal daarna opgesom word, gevolg deur „n sinvolle gevolgtrekking en laastens sal voorstelle gemaak word vir toekomstige navorsing op die gebied. In Afdeling B sal die metodiek van die studies verduidelik word, asook „n beskrywing gegee word van die kandidaat se rol gedurende die navorsings projekte in hierdie tesis. HOOFSTUK 2 In hierdie hoofstuk word die impak van die oösiet en die embrio op die inplanting/swangerskap-koers bespreek. Die morfologiese eienskappe van die oösiet, die kumulus-oösiet kompleks, die sona pellucida, die perivitelline spasie, sitoplasma en meiotiese spoel, die poolliggaam en die se voorkoms word breedvoerig bespreek. Die morfologiese eienskappe van die embrio, fragmentasie en die invloed daarvan op die embrio, ploïdie, en blastosistvorming word bespreek. Embriomerkers om swangerskapsuitkoms te voorspel, gebaseer op internasionale literatuur, is ook nagevors. Die pronukleêre morfologie en vroeë deling word as nie-indringende embriomerkers uitgelig om swangerskapsuitkoms te voorspel. „n Biochemiese, nie-indringende merker wat deur ontwikkelende embrios uitgedruk word, oplosbare menslike leukosiet antigeen-G (sHLA-G), word bespreek. Die waarde van blastosist oordrag en die verbeterde koers van voortgaande swangerskappe in vergelyking met verdelende embrios, is ook uitgelig, gebaseer op „n onlangse metanalise. „n Breedvoerige bespreking van sHLA-G asook “Array-CGH” en die toekoms van hierdie toetse word behandel. HOOFSTUK 3 Die doel van hierdie hoofstuk is om swangerskap en inplantingskoerse te vergelyk wanneer embrios geselekteer word op „n enkel Dag 3 (D 3) morfologie beoordeling, teenoor „n kumulatiewe GES-telling plus sHLA-G uitdrukking. Hierdie was „n prospektiewe ewekansige studie (n=214) waar pasiënte ICSI-siklusse ondergaan het. Embrios is geselekteer vir terugplasing gebaseer op óf Dag 3 morfologie telling (Groep A), óf „n kumulatiewe GES-telling plus sHLA-G uitdrukking (Groep B). Die volgende resultate is gerapporteer: kliniese swangerskappe [35/107 (33%) vs 52/107 (49%)] en voortgaande swangerskappe [20/107 (19%) vs. 52/107 (49%)] se sukses koerse is beduidend verskillend tussen Groep A en Groep B (p<0.05). Inplantingskoerse is nie beduidend verskillend tussen Groep A [52/353 (15%)] en Groep B [73/417 (18%)] (p<0.05) nie. Die aantal swangerskappe wat tot niet gegaan het tydens die eerste trimester was bykans 12 keer hoër in Groep A [25/52 (48%)]. Die slotsom was dat die miskraamsyfer beduidend laer in Groep B as in Groep A is en die swangerskap syfer betekenisvol beter was wanneer die selektering van embrios op GES plus sHLA-G gebaseer is. HOOFSTUK 4 Verskeie studies het „n assosiasie getoon tussen die teenwoordigheid van oplosbare menslike leukosiet antigeen-G (sHLA-G) in menslike embrio kultuur en swangerskaps uitkoms in vitro. „n Retrospektiewe studie is op 2040 ICSI pasiënte by 6 verskillende sentra gedoen om die effek van s-HLAG verder te bestudeer. Alle embrios is individueel gekweek om die teenwoordigheid van sHLA-G in „n kultuurmedium rondom die embrios te identifiseer. In alle sentra is „n positiewe sHLA-G uitslag met „n toename in die waarskynlikheid van veelvuldige inplantings geassosieer (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07 tot 2.05, p-waarde: 0.0170), asook „n toename in waarskynlikheid van meervoudige swangerskappe wat voortduur (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.51, p-waarde: 0.0170). Data uit die multisentriese studie beklemtoon dat sHLA-G uitdrukking „n waardevolle nie-indringende embriomerker is om by te dra tot die verbetering van swangerskapsuitkoms, asook die teoretiese potensiaal om meervoudige swangerskappe te verminder. „n Kombinasie van sHLA-G uitdrukking en verlengde embrio kultuur tot die blastosist stadium mag moontlik „n toekomstige hulpmiddel wees waardeur enkele embrios vir terugplasing geselekteer kan word. Daardeur kan die risiko van meervoudige swangerskappe beperk word sonder om die swangerskapkoerse in gevaar te stel. HOOFSTUK 5 In dié hoofstuk word die ploïdie status van die eerste en tweede poolliggaampies en Dag 3 blastomere, embrio morfologie en biochemiese (sHLA-G) eienskappe gekorrelleer met blastosist ontwikkelling en uiteindelike swangerskapsuitkoms. Alle oösiete/sigote en embrios is individueel tot die blastosist stadium gevolg. PB-I, PB-II en blastomere het “volledige kariotipering ondergaan deur gebruik te maak van die toets “comparative genome hybridization (CGH)”. Elke embrio se kultuurmedium supernatant is versamel en ontleed vir sHLA-G uitdrukking op Dag 2. Die volgende uitslae is gerapporteer: Sewe-en-vyftig mature (MII) donor oösiete is verkry; 33/57 (57.9%) is aneuploïd, 21/57 (36.8%) is euploïd en 3/57 (5%) is onbeslis. Geen verwantskap is gevind tussen CGH status van PB-I, PB-II en die GES-telling. Geen verwantskap is gevind tussen CGH status van sHLA-G. Verder was daar geen verwantskap gevind tussen PB-I CGH uitslae en blastosist morfologie graad nie. Daar was „n beduidende korrelasie tussen PB-I CGH en blastomeer CGH uitslae. Euploïde en aneuploïde PB-I het onderskeidelik in 58% en 67% blastosiste ontwikkel. Daar is „n positiewe verwantskap tussen die ploïdie van PB-I, PB-II en die blastomere aangetoon [Kappa (>0.7)]. Dit is afgelei dat na ICSI en sekwensiële genetiese kariotipering van die oösiet/sigoot en daaropvolgende blastomere, die meerderheid oösiete bevrug is en die daaropvolgende sigote ontwikkel het tot blastosiste, ongeag hul ploïdie status. Ons afleiding is dus dat blastosist ontwikkelling nie aan ploïdie verwant is nie. HOOFSTUK 6 In hierdie hoofstuk bespreek ons waarnemings wat betref seleksie kriteria om die beste embrios te kies vir terugplasing wat uiteindelik tot „n suksesvolle swangeskap sal lei. Morfologiese, biochemiese en genetiese faktore is ondersoek. „n Onderskeiding is gemaak tussen nie-indringende (mikroskopiese en biochemiese) en indringende (embrio biopsie, aCGH) tegnieke. 'n Kombinasie van nie-indringende observasies, wat insluit pronukliere mofologie, vroee sigoot verdeling en vroeë embrio morfologie/kwalitieit op Dag-3 het beperkte inligting verskaf wat betref swangerskapkans. Verlengde embrio kweking tot die blastosist stadium (Dag-5) plus „n positiewe sHLA-G resultaat gee egter veel meer voordelige inligting aan die embrioloog met die embrio seleksie proses, voor embrio terugplasing of bevriesing. Laasgenoemde inligting sal die swangerskap syfer bevoordeel en die meervoudige swangerskap kans verlaag. Wat die indringende tegniek (aCGH) betref, word veel meer data benodig rakend die potensiele voor- en nadele wat betref swangerskap uitkoms, voordat „n sinvolle gevolgtrekking gemaak kan word. HOOFSTUK 7 „n Volledige literatuur oorsig dui daarop dat alle beskikbare riglyne om embrios te kies vir terugplasing, ingespan moet word. In die studie is daar gekyk na „n kombinasie van hierdie voorstelle. Daar is begin met die morfologie van die pronukliere stadium, gevolg deur vroeë sigoot-verdeling, asook beoordeling van embrios se morfologie/kwaliteit op Dag-3 van ontwikkeling. Daar word voorgestel dat die keuse van „n blastosist op Dag 5, gekombineerd met „n positiewe oplosbare menslike leukosiet antigeen G (shla-G) die embrioloog van hulp kan wees om die beste embrio te kies vir terugplasing of bevriesing. Hierdie nie-indringende riglyn behoort swangerskap-uitkoms te verbeter asook meervoudige swangerskappe te verminder. Indringende tegnieke soos ACGH benodig verdere in diepte navorsing en data verkryging om die waarde van hierdie toets te kan beoordeel.

Education, as an indispensable component of human capital, has been acknowledged to play a critical role in economic growth, which is theoretically elaborated by human capital theory and empirically confirmed by evidence from different parts of the world. The educational impact on growth is especially valuable and meaningful when it is for the sake of poverty reduction and pro-poorness of growth. The paper re-explores the precious link between human capital development and poverty reduction by investigating the causal effect of education accumulation on earnings enhancement for anti-poverty and pro-poor growth. The analysis takes the evidence from a well-known conditional cash transfer (CCT) program — Oportunidades in Mexico. Aiming at alleviating poverty and promoting a better future by investing in human capital for children and youth in poverty, this CCT program has been recognized producing significant outcomes. The study investigates a short-term impact of education on earnings of the economically disadvantaged youth, taking the data of both the program’s treated and untreated youth from urban areas in Mexico from 2002 to 2004. Two econometric techniques, i.e. difference-in-differences and difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach are applied for estimation. The empirical analysis first identifies that youth who under the program’s schooling intervention possess an advantage in educational attainment over their non-intervention peers; with this identification of education discrepancy as a prerequisite, further results then present that earnings of the education advantaged youth increase at a higher rate about 20 percent than earnings of their education disadvantaged peers over the two years. This result indicates a confirmation that education accumulation for the economically disadvantaged young has a positive impact on their earnings enhancement and thus inferring a contribution to poverty reduction and pro-poorness of growth.

The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' perceived changes in cultural, human, and social capital as a result of professional development. Research in the area of effective professional development is substantial. Similarly, the body of research on cultural, human, and social networks is extensive. This research is significant in that it aims to marry the body of research surrounding professional development and the bodies of research in cultural, human, and social capital. A case study approach was used to conduct an in-depth look at teachers' practices through teacher interviews and classroom observations. All teachers in the study participated in a high school level college-access program aimed at increasing the college-going rate of under-served youth. Further, each participant had at least three years' experience in the program. The research suggests that there may be a teacher typology even within a voluntary college preparatory program. This typology is not limited to the suggested categories of this study. Nor does this typology suggest that teachers are stagnant categories of this study. Nor does this typology suggest that teachers are stagnant within their assigned typology. Rather, the research suggests that there is a continuum of teacher ability with regards to implementation of practices and ideas around cultural, human, and social capital. Outcomes suggest that school administrators should examine their practices in monitoring and supporting the implementation of professional development. Further, school administrators should consider matching school reform initiative with teacher type. Recommendations for future research include expanding the research both within the college-preparatory program and with teachers not involved in a college-preparatory program. Future research may also want to analyze how professional development influences the development of other forms of capital.

Em 2008, o governo de São Paulo, com o objetivo de propiciar a inclusão digital e social das comunidades escolares da rede pública estadual paulista, implantou nas escolas estaduais o Programa Acessa Escola. Disponibilizando computadores e internet nesse ambiente educativo, a Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo considera esse Programa, desde sua implantação, como um instrumento que pode e deve ser apropriado pelos educadores em seu trabalho pedagógico. Visando a capacitação dos professores da rede estadual paulista de ensino para o uso de computador e internet como instrumentos de pesquisa e comunicação, a partir de 2009, a supracitada Secretaria ofereceu-lhes, com inscrição por adesão, um curso básico de formação tecnológica, o qual foi concluído, no período de 2009 a 2013, por duzentos e cinquenta e oito professores de escolas estaduais jurisdicionadas à Diretoria de Ensino Região Guaratinguetá. Esse estudo, de caráter descritivo, objetiva verificar a utilização do Programa Acessa Escola por professores que concluíram o referido curso, no período de 2009 a 2013. Especificamente, visa identificar as mudanças ocorridas em relação à utilização do Programa no trabalho pedagógico dos professores concluintes do curso; conhecer os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores, assim como identificar os pessoais e contextuais na utilização do Acessa Escola para o desenvolvimento do trabalho pedagógico de professores concluintes do curso. Importando compreender se esse ambiente possibilita sua utilização no trabalho dos docentes que concluíram o curso de capacitação tecnológica, essa pesquisa de caráter exploratório, e quanti-qualitativa em relação à forma de abordagem, foi fundamentada na Teoria Social Crítica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário, respondido via correio eletrônico, e de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas individualmente, junto a Professores de Educação Básica II, titulares de cargo, concluintes do curso de capacitação tecnológica oferecido pela Secretaria da Educação e que, em 2014, encontram-se ministrando aulas em escolas estaduais localizadas na área de jurisdição da Diretoria de Ensino Região Guaratinguetá. Para análise dos dados coletados utilizou-se a técnica da triangulação. Como resultado desse trabalho espera-se a geração de conhecimentos acerca da utilização pedagógica do Acessa Escola pelos referidos professores.
In 2008, the government of São Paulo, with the goal of promoting digital and social inclusion of communities in the state public schools, implemented the Acessa Escola Program. Providing computers and internet in this educational environment, the Secretary of Education of São Paulo considers this program since its implementation as an instrument that can and should be adapted by teachers in their pedagogical work. Aimed at training teachers of state public schools to use the computer and internet as tools for research and communication, from 2009 on, the aforementioned Secretariat offered them, with inscription by membership, a basic course in technological education, which was completed in the period of 2009 to 2013, by two hundred fifty-eight state school teachers under the jurisdiction of the Board of Education region of Guaratinguetá. This study, which has a descriptive character, objectives to verify the use of the Acessa Escola Program for teachers who have completed that course. Specifically, it aims to identify the changes in relation to the use of the program in the educational work of the graduating teachers; meet the facilitators and hindering factors, and identify the personal and contextual use of Acessa Escola to the development of the pedagogical work of teachers graduating from the course. Concerning the comprehension of whether this environment enables its use in the work of teachers who completed the course of technological capability, this exploratory research, quantitative and qualitative in relation to the approach, was founded in Critical Social Theory. Data were collected through a questionnaire answered by e-mail, and semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with the Basic Education Teachers II, holding officers, graduators in technological capability who, in 2014, have been teaching classes in state schools located in the area of jurisdiction of the Board of Education - region Guaratinguetá. For analysis of data we used the technique of triangulation. As a result of this work, it is expected to generate knowledge about the pedagogical use of Acessa Escola by teachers who have completed the training course offered by the State Department of Education.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This research surveys the development of the fundamental concepts and guidelines of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Its creation dates back to a period of liberalism and expanding of international organizations, seeking for democratic peace, still under the effects of World War II. Its purposes are correlated to designs created after the Cold War, when security and development, which were based on anthropological concepts, begin to respond to the restructuring of the planetary governmentality. The Human Development Index (HDI), adopted by the UNDP since the 1990s, is an important tool in identifying and constructing the so-called vulnerabilities as threats both for local and global governments. The survey of the Conjunct Program “Segurança com Cidadania”, coordinated by the UNDP in a neighborhood of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, disclosure the operational model of the HDI, together with the so-called “segurança cidadã” specifically designed for Latin America, which was recently incorporated to the Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO). The Restorative Justice is considered a complementary planetary connection aiming to broaden the formal penal system, flexibilizing sentences and implementing social policies in schools and communities. The present study verified the UNDP's effectiveness in enforcing penal practices operated in the name of the alleged neutrality of human development throughout the manufacture of responsible and resilient conducts that underpins the management of collective misery
Esta pesquisa mapeia a produção dos principais conceitos e abordagens do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). Sua emergência remonta a um período de revisões liberais e expansão das organizações internacionais ancoradas na busca pela paz democrática, ainda sob os efeitos da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Seus empreendimentos evidenciam delineamentos mais acabados após a chamada Guerra Fria, quando a segurança e o desenvolvimento, calcados no humano, passam a responder aos redimensionamentos da governamentalidade planetária. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), adotado pelo PNUD a partir da década de 1990, mostra-se importante instrumento na identificação e construção das chamadas vulnerabilidades como virtuais ameaças aos governos do e no planeta. A análise do Programa Conjunto Segurança com Cidadania, coordenado pelo PNUD em um bairro na capital do Espírito Santo, expõe o funcionamento do IDH, aliado à abordagem da chamada segurança cidadã – específica à América Latina, recentemente incorporada aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). A Justiça Restaurativa situa-se como uma de suas conexões planetárias preferenciais ao complementar e ampliar o sistema penal formal e mostra sua flexibilidade punitiva ao implementar políticas sociais em escolas e comunidades. A pesquisa constatou a eficiência do PNUD em irradiar práticas penalizadoras operadas em nome da pretensa neutralidade do desenvolvimento humano, por meio da produção de condutas responsáveis e resilientes que sustentam a gestão compartilhada da miséria

This diploma thesis is focused on analysis of projects applied in the Human Resource Development Operational Programme. Opening chapter of theoretical framework deals with the European Union Funds and especially the European Social Fund in general way. Later in this framework, there is also closely described the Human Recourses Development Operational Programme and its goals, priorities, measures, implementation and financial principles. Main attention is concentrated on characteristic and description of the Measure 3.1: Enhancing the Quality of Education at Schools and School Facilities and Developing Support Systems for Education, which is actually subject of my analysis. Essential in this work is evaluation of successness of applied projects in aspects of particular calls, regions, evaluation phase, eligible subjects, size of budget, etc. The goal of this diploma thesis is the analysis and evaluation of the process of applying projects in 2004-2006 in the measure mentioned above and also to find out if realized projects met the measure aims.

This thesis is a case study analysis of the feminist urban development project #UrbanGirlsMovement discussing how gender-transformative urban planning techniques impact local girls in the Million Dwellings Program area Fittja south of Stockholm. The thesis draws on a theoretical framework of feminist geography, intersectionality, and territorial stigmatization to analyze narratives from eleven girls participating in #UrbanGirlsMovement. The girls’ narratives reveal that it has been an empowering experience to be part of an urban development process as it has enabled them to recognize their own abilities. By re-evaluating the role of the planner to take on a more facilitating role, the girls shouldered the role of experts. It legitimized the girls’ ideas and designs, enabling them both to recognize and to use their own agency. Additionally, the process of redesigning a familiar place enabled the girls to regenerate the meaning of the urban public space around Fittja to mirror their own subjective spatial identities. The thesis shows that intersectional planning tools that transform, rather than inform, power and spatial oppression are crucial when renewing the Million Dwellings Program of Swedish suburbs. #UrbanGirlsMovement shows that a planning process is more than physical designs, it is as much a tool for enhanced democracy, equality, and justice in cities.

Despite the association between hippocampal atrophy and a vast array of highly debilitating neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, tools to accurately and robustly quantify the degeneration of this structure still largely elude us. In this thesis, we firstly evaluate previously-developed hippocampal segmentation methods (FMRIB’s Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST), Freesurfer (FS), and three versions of a Classifier Fusion (CF) technique) on two clinical MR datasets, to gain a better understanding of the modes of success and failure of these techniques, and to use this acquired knowledge for subsequent method improvement (e.g., FIRSTv3). Secondly, a fully automated, novel hippocampal segmentation method is developed, termed Fast Marching for Automated Segmentation of the Hippocampus (FMASH). This combined region-growing and atlas-based approach uses a 3D Sethian Fast Marching (FM) technique to propagate a hippocampal region from an automatically-defined seed point in the MR image. Region growth is dictated by both subject-specific intensity features and a probabilistic shape prior (or atlas). Following method development, FMASH is thoroughly validated on an independent clinical dataset from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), with an investigation of the dependency of such atlas-based approaches on their prior information. In response to our findings, we subsequently present a novel label-warping approach to effectively account for the detrimental effects of using cross-dataset priors in atlas-based segmentation. Finally, a clinical application of MR hippocampal segmentation is presented, with a combined MR-PET analysis of wholefield and subfield hippocampal changes in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. This thesis therefore contributes both novel computational tools and valuable knowledge for further neurological investigations in both the academic and the clinical field.

Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos
Este relatório tem como objetivo descrever o estágio curricular realizado junto da equipa do Programa Trainees da Portugal Telecom. O âmbito deste relatório visa enquadrar o processo de seleção com a vertente prática do programa trainees, que pretende recrutar jovens finalistas de mestrado com elevado potencial de desenvolvimento. Numa primeira abordagem será apresentado todo o enquadramento teórico, para que seja possível compreender o funcionamento do processo de seleção, desde a sua noção até aos métodos que se podem utilizar. Seguidamente serão abordadas as noções apreendidas no estágio, desde a caracterização da organização, a importância dos recursos humanos e o funcionamento do programa trainees, isto é, como é feito todo o seu processamento. Finalmente, será apresentada a relação entre a vertente teórica e prática, que nos permitirá chegar a conclusões sobre toda a metodologia e funcionamento do processo de seleção dos Recursos Humanos.
This report aims to describe the curricular internship conducted among the team of Portugal Telecom Trainees Program. The scope of this report is to frame the selection process with the practical side of the trainees program, which aims to recruit young masters finalists with high development potential. In a first approach, will be presented all theoretical framework, so that be possible understand the functioning of the selection process, since it?s concept until the methods that can be used. Then will be discussed the concepts learned in the stage, from the characterization of the organization, the importance of human resources and operation of the trainees program, i.e., as is done throughout their processing. Finally, will be presented the relationship between theoretical and practical aspects, allow us to draw conclusions about the whole methodology and operation of the selection process of Human Resources.

This thesis explains the reasons of the establishment and development of the European Union's policy for economic and social cohesion, the topics it tries to solve, and instruments through which it provides the member states the financial help. Because, as it can be seen from the caption of this thesis, I describe two operational programmes -- Operational Programme Development of Human Resources and Operational Programme Education for Competitiveness, I concentrate on the European Social Fund, as it is the source of the financial help in the Czech Republic for these two operational programmes. That is why this thesis also pays attention to the application of the structural policy in the Czech Republic with the emphasis on the area of education. It introduces the crucial documents needed to be approved as long as we want to receive money from the EU and it deals with the two operational programmes and its coherence. In the last part of this thesis the weaknesses and strenghts of the implementation of those operational programmes are highlighted.

O presente trabalho realiza uma análise da contribuição do processo de ensino-aprendizagem no desenvolvimento de discentes no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) campus Umirim. A primeira parte do trabalho aborda alguns conceitos relacionados à temática estudada, incluindo a aprendizagem construtivista e desenvolvimento humano na perspectiva sócio interacionista, fazendo uma relação entre desenvolvimento humano e processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Esses conceitos auxiliam a perceber que existe uma relação bastante intrínseca entre o ambiente escolar e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e que essa relação contribui significativamente para o desenvolvimento humano de jovens que interagem no espaço escolar através da relação docente-discente. A segunda parte aborda a trajetória da educação profissional brasileira e a criação dos Institutos Federais, dando ênfase aos conceitos de educação inclusiva, escola em tempo integral e cursos integrados, bem como relatando um pouco da história do sistema de internato no Brasil e como essas formas de educação funcionam no âmbito do IFCE campus Umirim. Mesmo estando inserida nesse contexto, essa instituição, especificamente, tem sua origem, enquanto Escola Agrícola, pertencente ao campus Crato e só em 2012 passou a funcionar como campus vinculado apenas ao IFCE, funcionando em tempo integral e com sistema de internato, atendendo a uma clientela oriunda, em sua maioria, da zona rural do Vale do Curu e de Aracatiaçu. A terceira parte se refere à caracterização da instituição pesquisada: sua origem e como funciona o curso técnico integrado em Agropecuária, sua matriz curricular e uma breve análise dos indicadores de aprendizagem. Há uma percepção dos altos índices de evasão e de retenção escolar no curso investigado durante o período de três anos, nos quais os discentes permanecem no ambiente escolar. A quarta e última parte se refere à analise da pesquisa de campo realizada, de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, tendo em vista que a mesma integra em seu contexto questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Por último, a conclusão do trabalho dá ênfase à escola que atende às necessidades do/a filho/a do/a trabalhador/a, quando se percebe que, embora haja todo um atendimento de demanda às necessidades dessa camada da população, ainda faltam melhores resultados, principalmente na garantia da permanência com sucesso de aprendizagem no espaço escolar e, de maneira peculiar, nesse curso, voltado para a qualificação de trabalhadores/as da área da Agropecuária, carente de profissionais na região do Vale do Curu e de Aracatiaçu.
This paper carries out an analysis of the contribution of the process of teachinglearning in the development of the students within the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) [Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará] Umirim campus. The first part of the paper deals with some concepts related to the theme studied, including constructivist learning and human development in the social interactional perspective, making a relation between human development and the process of learning-teaching. These concepts help to perceive that there exists quite an intrinsic relation between the school environment and the teaching learning process and that this relation contributes significantly to the human development of youth who interact in the school space through the studentprofessor relation. The second part deals with the trajectory of Brazilian professional education and the creation of the Federal Institutes, giving emphasis to the concepts of inclusive education, full time schooling and integrated courses, as well as telling some of the story of the boarding school system in Brazil and how these types of education work within the environment of the IFCE Umirim campus. Although inserted in this context, this institution, specifically, has its origin as an Agricultural School belonging to the Crato campus and only in 2012 does it become a campus tied only to the IFCE, with full time classes and with a boarding school system, attending a clientele of which a great majority comes from the rural area of Vale do Curu and of Aracatiraçu. The third part refers to the characterization of the institution researched: its origin and how the integrated agricultural technical program works, its curricular matrix and a brief analysis of the learning indicators. There is a perception of high indexes of evasion and of school retention in the program researched during the period of three years in which the students remain in the school environment. The fourth and last part refers to the analysis of the field research which was carried out in a qualitative and quantitative way, being that this research integrated semistructured questionnaires and interviews in its context. Finally, the conclusion of the paper focuses on the school which attends to the needs of the workers child, while one perceives that, although there is attention given to the demands of the needs of this layer of the population, there still lack better results, mainly in the guarantee of permanence with success in learning in the school space and in a special way, in this program, aimed at the qualification of the agricultural workers, an area lacking in professionals in the region of the Vale do Curu and of Aracatiaçu.

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This study approaches a new and unexplored subject, the Brazilian Family Aid Program. Bibliography practically does not exist and academic entities seldom discuss the subject because it is still under development. References are found in lectures, newspapers and magazine articles. This is an exploratory and analytical search, approaching evidence basis and sources. The Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) is a Brazilian Family Aid Program granted under conditionality rules. It can be considered a unique tool for income distribution, working towards an effective solution for families surviving under extreme poverty. The program started by the merger of three other poverty aid programs of dubious effectiveness Scholarship Aid, Cooking Gas Aid and Food Card. The PBF benefits families surviving under poverty conditions, with R$ 70 to R$ 140 monthly of per capita income and under extreme poverty conditions, below R$ 70 monthly of per capita income. Also, the PBF establishes conditional participation rules associated to education and health prevention for children. Presently the PBF supports 13 million families that fit rules and are enrolled in the Cadastro Único (Central Control Registration Roll). That registration roll practically covers the totality of the population under poverty situation line as defined by PNAD - 2006 (National Household Survey - 2006).The PBF control methodology allows income transfer to regions left under poverty conditions in past history. The PBF formed a new consumer community, new entrepreneurs, moreover, attracted investors. In regard to education there is reduction in illiteracy. The Human Development Index (HDI) shows vegetative growth, Brazil is the 84th country ranked among the 187 nations controlled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2011. The dimensions that compose the index for Brazil had poor growth lately, in particular the expected years of schooling for children at school enrollment age (in Brazil, 6 years old) declined during the last decade (2000-2010). It is likely that there is a structural issue with the Brazilian education sector. There is a socio-economic growth in regions where poverty has been endemic, in particular Northeast Region. The findings also reveal migration reversal that in past were North/Northeast Regions to Southeast Region as well as fecundity rate reduction, which are remarkable advantages. Brazil entered into the demographic bonus , a situation when the economically active population exceeds the dependent population , this is also an advantage because attracts investments and is a push towards economic growth. Despite of positive improvements, they appear to be insufficient, the human development in Brazil is far from excellence, presently a HDI of 0,718, with a growth of 0,769% annually (2000-2010) it will take 35/36 years to meet the Australian HDI of 0,943%. Unless chances help us, dreams to join the winners are unlikely. The Programa Bolsa Família , however, proves to be a social front towards inequality; the participants of the plan, originally classified under poverty line were rescued.
Esta dissertação trata de um tema relativamente novo, com literatura escassa, praticamente sem estudos teóricos que o abordem. Referenciais são encontrados em publicações feitas em seminários e palestras bem como em artigos e notas jornalísticas. Esta dissertação se trata de trabalho exploratório, analítico descritivo com base documental. O Programa Bolsa Família, tema central deste trabalho, é uma ferramenta para distribuição de renda que funciona de forma simples e tem sido efetiva para o atendimento de famílias que vivem abaixo da linha de pobreza. Ele é resultado da fusão de vários outros programas dispersos e com efetividade questionável Bolsa Escola, Auxílio Gás e Cartão Alimentação. O Programa Bolsa Família beneficia famílias em situação de pobreza com renda mensal de R$ 70 a R$ 140 per capita e em extrema pobreza com renda mensal abaixo de R$ 70 reais per capita. Também estabelece condicionalidades de educação e saúde. Atualmente, há cerca de 13 milhões de famílias inscritas no Programa Bolsa Família que cumprem as condições do Cadastro Único esta é praticamente a totalidade das famílias pobres segundo critérios do PNAD 2006 (Pesquisa Nacional de Domicílios). Na realidade, houve substancial injeção de recursos em áreas outrora relegadas ao acaso, criando novos consumidores, bem como empreendedores, além de atrair investimentos. Quanto à educação, nota-se que há redução do analfabetismo. Há um crescimento vegetativo do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) no qual o Brasil situa-se em 84⁰ lugar dentre as 187 nações controladas pelo PNUD (Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento) em 2011. As variáveis que compõem o índice crescem timidamente, destaca-se queda no item expectativa de escolaridade esperada das crianças em idade de ingresso na escola (no Brasil, aos seis anos), que caiu no período 2000-2011, esse fato pode indicar falha estrutural no ensino brasileiro. Esse estudo indica que há desenvolvimento socioeconômico em áreas carentes, particularmente na Região Nordeste. Observa-se também a reversão da migração que historicamente era de norte/nordeste a sudeste. Também nota-se redução da taxa de fecundidade das brasileiras, o que é vantajoso. O Brasil também está com a vantagem do Bônus demográfico , quando a população economicamente ativa supera a população dependente, o que é um excelente fator de crescimento por atrair investimentos. Apesar de melhorias observadas na década 2000-2010, elas ainda são insuficientes. Quanto ao desenvolvimento humano , o Brasil está muito distante das nações desenvolvidas, com IDH de 0,718, que cresceu na última década à taxa de 0,769% ao ano. Nesse ritmo, até alcançarmos o IDH norueguês -- primeiro colocado, ou o australiano -- segundo colocado, que é de 0,943 serão necessários 35/36 anos. Isso nos leva a pensar que, a não ser que o acaso nos ajude, o sonho de nos juntarmos aos primeiros é questionável. Com respeito ao Programa Bolsa Família, esse prova ser uma frente social para a eliminação da desigualdade, seus beneficiários eram classificados como pobres e extremamente pobres e foram resgatados.

Sudden cardiac death following cardiac arrest is a major killer in the industrialised world. The leading cause of sudden cardiac death are disturbances in the normal electrical activation of cardiac tissue, known as cardiac arrhythmia, which severely compromise the ability of the heart to fulfill the body's demand of oxygen. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the most deadly form of cardiac arrhythmia. Furthermore, electrical defibrillation through the application of strong electric shocks to the heart is the only effective therapy against VF. Over the past decades, a large body of research has dealt with the study of the mechanisms underpinning the success or failure of defibrillation shocks. The main mechanism of shock failure involves shocks terminating VF but leaving the appropriate electrical substrate for new VF episodes to rapidly follow (i.e. shock-induced arrhythmogenesis). A large number of models have been developed for the in silico study of shock-induced arrhythmogenesis, ranging from single cell models to three-dimensional ventricular models of small mammalian species. However, no extrapolation of the results obtained in the aforementioned studies has been done in human models of ventricular electrophysiology. The main reason is the large computational requirements associated with the solution of the bidomain equations of cardiac electrophysiology over large anatomically-accurate geometrical models including representation of fibre orientation and transmembrane kinetics. In this Thesis we develop simulation technology for the study of cardiac defibrillation in the human heart in the framework of the open source simulation environment Chaste. The advances include the development of novel computational and numerical techniques for the solution of the bidomain equations in large-scale high performance computing resources. More specifically, we have considered the implementation of effective domain decomposition, the development of new numerical techniques for the reduction of communication in Chaste's finite element method (FEM) solver, and the development of mesh-independent preconditioners for the solution of the linear system arising from the FEM discretisation of the bidomain equations. The developments presented in this Thesis have brought Chaste to the level of performance and functionality required to perform bidomain simulations with large three-dimensional cardiac geometries made of tens of millions of nodes and including accurate representation of fibre orientation and membrane kinetics. This advances have enabled the in silico study of shock-induced arrhythmogenesis for the first time in the human heart, therefore bridging an important gap in the field of cardiac defibrillation research.

This master thesis on the theme Educational activities of a chosen company deal with the program for graduates called ČP Naděje which is organized by Česká pojišťovna. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first one explains the terms of human resources and human capital and characterize the concept of personnel work. There is also derived from knowledge of organizational structures how important human resources are for organizations. The second chapter is about adult education. This chapter consists of learning process characterization and determination of position of corporate learning and development in the educational system. The third chapter deals with the corporate training and development. There are mentioned personnel planning, recruitment and selection of new workers because these come before training and development of human resources. The fourth chapter focuses on the company Česká pojišťovna and its human resources department. The fifth chapter discusses the program for university graduates ČP Naděje. This chapter describes the form and development of the program. There are discussed the results of questionnaire survey performed among the program participants. The final chapter includes also comparison of the program ČP Naděje with program for graduates organized by competing company.

Orientador: Emilia W. Rutkowski
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O ramo automotivo do segmento metal-mecânico é composto majoritariamente por pequenas empresas que estão expostas a uma exigência competitiva global: aprimorar seu padrão de qualidade ambiental. Todavia, ainda se observa, para estas empresas, uma discrepante participação na adoção de instrumentos voluntários de gestão ambiental quando comparadas, por exemplo, a grandes empresas. Dentre estes, a produção mais limpa (p+l) destaca-se como uma estratégia robusta de gestão ambiental corporativa por se estabelecer a partir de uma plataforma integrada e com foco na prevenção. Sob esta perspectiva, o presente trabalho propõe desenvolver e aplicar uma metodologia interativa para implementação de p+l; esta metodologia é composta por um programa de implementação de p+l, concebido e construído especialmente para o perfil de uma pequena empresa e por um conjunto de perguntas e respostas que se vinculam estruturalmente às fases e atividades deste programa e permite, desse modo, sua aplicação interativa valorizando o capital humano, o conhecimento e a linguagem neste segmento de empresas
Abstract: The Brazilian metals sector and, mainly its automotive section, is mostly composed by small enterprises which are exposed to a competitive global demand: permanently improve their environmental quality standard. However, for such enterprises, there is still a meaningful discrepancy in participation as far as self-regulatory environmental management instruments adoption is concerned when compared, for instance, to large companies. Amongst these instruments, the cleaner production stands out as a vigorous environmental management approach based on an integrated platform with a preventive focus. Under this point of view, this study proposes to develop and to apply an interactive cleaner production implementation methodology. This methodology is built by a cleaner production implementation program, especially conceived and created for the small enterprises profile and by a set of questions and answers structurally connected to the phases and activities of such program allowing its interactive implementation as well as increasing value for the human capital, the knowledge and the language in small enterprises
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The aim of this work provides an analysis of the possibilities of utilization of Structural funds for the development of Czech SMEs with the focus on the support of human resources development. The theoretical part is focused on the structure of funds in the programme therm 2004 – 2006 and project cycle. The practical part is made as the case study for the Programme Human Resources Development in Vašstav company.

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is the process of analyzing, monitoring and managing the social effects of planned or implemented development interventions. The primary purpose of SIA is to bring about a sustainable and equitable biophysical and social environment. SIA is a prerequisite in FAO and World Bank aided projects which cover sectors of mining, agriculture, fishery, dams and transportation. In forestry it has the great potential of enhancing sustainable forest management, taking into account rural development objectives and local needs. SIA can be applied before and after the implementation of projects and programs. In the context of recent policy changes in China, the Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) has been implemented in a “top-down” process from 1998 to 2010. A large part of the forests on main river basins in Western regions are being conserved with severe restrictions for commercial use. The social effects of the NFPP are still debatable, indicating a need for conducting a SIA of the NFPP using a systematic conceptual approach. Objectives of the research are: (1) To understand how and to what extent the NFPP affected the local forest-dependent communities and their households; (2) To identify the local strategies currently used to cope up with the impacts; and (3) To develop the optimal strategies likely supported for a better harmonization between livelihood and the NFPP implementation in different regional contexts. The empirical research is approached through quantitative and qualitative social research methods for data collection and analysis. For the case studies, four villages with a total number of 175 respondents were selected for field surveys where questionnaires, interviews and group discussions were employed. The research findings indicate that, the NFPP has significant impacts on the population characteristics, institutional arrangements and infrastructure and public services at the community level and at household level, the income derivation, expenditure, labour time distribution, perceptions on public health/safety and changing values of forests perceived by individuals. The research reveals that, synthesizing de facto impacts of the NFPP makes potential negative social impacts predictable. The policy-makers and project teams implementing the NFPP should be aware that, the NFPP results in dynamic change processes which include the de facto and potential impacts as well as the influence factors; among these, contribution of strategies derived from local communities and households as the spontaneous reactions to cope with the NFPP impacts should be taken into consideration. Recommendations are given referring to a better implementation of the NFPP and the need for future researches concerning the SIA for sustainable forest management in different regional contexts
Social Impact Assessment (SIA) ist ein Prozess, der Analyse, Monitoring und Bewältigung der sozialen Effekte geplanter oder durchgeführter Entwicklungsinterventionen umfasst. Das Hauptanliegen von SIA ist, eine nachhaltige und gerechte biophysische und soziale Umwelt zu schaffen. SIA ist für Projekte der FAO und der Weltbank in den Sektoren Bergbau, Landwirtschaft, Fischerei, Talsperren und Transport eine Grundvoraussetzung. Für die Forstwirtschaft ergibt sich daraus das Potenzial, nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung zu stärken und dabei die Ziele ländlicher Entwicklung und lokale Erfordernisse zu berücksichtigen. SIA kann vor und nach der Durchführung von Projekten und Programmen angewendet werden. Im Zusammenhang mit den aktuellen politischen Veränderungen in China wird das Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) im Zeitraum von 1998-2010 nach dem top-down-Verfahren durchgeführt. Die sozialen Auswirkungen des NFPP sind noch immer umstritten. Das unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit der SIA unter Anwendung einer systematischen konzeptionellen Herangehensweise. Ein besonders kritischer Faktor dabei ist, dass ein erheblicher Anteil der Wälder in den Wassereinzugsgebieten wichtiger Flussläufe in den westlichen Regionen durch strikte Einschränkungen der kommerziellen Nutzung geschützt wurden. Die Ziele der Forschung sind: (1) Aufzeigen wie und in welchem Ausmaß das NFPP die örtlichen waldabhängigen Gemeinden und ihre Haushalte beeinflusst hat; (2) Identifizieren lokal entwickelter und angewandter Strategien, um die Auswirkungen des NFPP zu bewältigen; und (3) Entwickeln optimaler Strategien für eine bessere Harmonisierung der Lebensgrundlagen mit der Umsetzung des NFPP in unterschiedlichen regionalen Kontexten. Die empirische soziale Forschung bedient sich quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden zur Datensammlung und Datenanalyse. Für die Fallstudie wurden vier Dörfer mit insgesamt 175 Befragten ausgewählt. Bei der Primärdatenerhebung kamen Fragebögen, Interviews und Gruppendiskussionen zur Anwendung. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass das NFPP signifikanten Einfluss ausübt auf Größe und Anteil armer Bevölkerung, auf institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen, die Infrastruktur und den öffentlichen Dienstleistungssektor auf Gemeindeebene. Auf Haushaltsebene wurde signifikanter einfluss nachgewiesen für die Generierung von Einkommen, die Ausgaben, die Arbeitszeitverteilung, die Vorstellungen über Gesundheitswesen und Sicherheit als auch auf die Wahrnehmung der sich verändernden Werte des Waldes. Es wird ersichtlich, dass durch Zusammenführen der de facto-Auswirkungen des NFPP potenzielle negative soziale Einflüsse vorhersagbar werden. Entscheidungsträger und Projektteams sollten sich darüber bewusst werden, dass das NFPP zu dynamischen Veränderungsprozessen führt, welche die de facto- und potentiellen Auswirkungen sowie die Einflussfaktoren betreffen. Dies schließt den Beitrag der lokal entwickelten Strategien ein. Empfehlungen betreffen die bessere Umsetzung des NFPP sowie die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung hinsichtlich der SIA im Zusammenhang nachhaltiger Waldbewirtschaftung in verschiedenen regionalen Kontexten

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Introduction: Because of aging, the human undertakes some physiological structures important for gait performance is noteworthy that the changes of gait in the elderly are processed in relation to factors both physiological and emotional, interfering with the lifestyle that the elderly presents. Objective: to investigate the effect of a program of psychomotor activities in gait and physical well-being, mental and social of elderly,. Methodology: It is an intervention study, without group control, descriptive, with quantitative-qualitative approach, conducted in a Clinical School of the Federal University of Paraíba, João performance of gait (POMA-BRAZIL). These evaluations were part of the triage of participants, being PEEM and POMA, Pessoa-PB. The population of the study was composed by 15 elderly. For data collection was utilized an instrument with socio demographic data, clinical data and physical examination, the mini mental state examination and the evaluation of functional performed in three moments of the research, every two months. The study was conducted in the period from August to December 2011. Referring to ethical considerations, the study was in accordance to the rules of Resolution1196/96. Regarding the intervention procedure were carried out psychomotor activities whose purpose a muscle strengthening from the psychomotor elements, favoring a better gait performance, being developed in the water and soil. After finishing the psychomotor program were identified perceptions of elderly through the individual interview technique of which guiding question was: What is the perception about the effects of the psychomotor program in your life? Their statements were recorded, which contributed so that the speeches could be transcribed with higher accuracy and reliability. For quantitative data analysis was utilized descriptive statistics and Friedman s test, from the qualitative point of view, the content analysis of Bardin. Results and data analysis: There was a significant difference between the evaluations of gait performance (Χ2FR= 17,7; gl= 2; p=0,0001), mainly between the second and the third evaluation (p<0,05). In synthesis, satisfactory results were found for the following variables: step length, step width, step height, the step symmetry, trunk stability, turning during walking, running and support for the midline deviation, which can be assigned practical effects of psychomotor. Final Considerations: Become is an indispensable for the promotion for the Health of the elderly, because the activities will provide an improved quality of life and the correction of gait in the elderly.
Introdução: Por causa do envelhecimento, o ser humano compromete algumas estruturas fisiológicas importantes para o desempenho da marcha Vale salientar que as modificações da marcha no idoso se processam em relação a fatores tanto fisiológicos como emocionais, interferindo no estilo de vida que o idoso apresenta. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito de um programa de atividades psicomotoras na marcha e no bem estar físico, mental e social dos idosos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção sem grupo controle, descritiva, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa realizada na Clínica-Escola da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB. A população do estudo foi constituída por 15 idosos. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um instrumento com dados sociodemográficos, dados clínicos, exame físico, Mini Exame de Estado Mental, e avaliação de desempenho funcional da marcha (POMA-BRASIL). Estas avaliações faziam parte da triagem dos participantes, sendo o MEEM e o POMA realizados em três momentos da pesquisa, a cada dois meses. O estudo foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2011. No que se refere às considerações éticas, o estudo esteve de acordo com as normas da resolução 196/96. Quanto ao procedimento de intervenção, foram realizadas atividades psicomotoras cuja finalidade foi promover um fortalecimento muscular a partir dos elementos psicomotores, favorecendo um melhor desempenho da marcha, sendo desenvolvidas na água e no solo. Após o término do programa psicomotor, foram identificadas as percepções dos idosos através da técnica de entrevista individual, cuja pergunta norteadora foi: Qual a percepção acerca dos efeitos do programa psicomotor na sua vida? . Os depoimentos foram gravados, o que contribuiu para que as falas fossem transcritas com maior exatidão e fidedignidade. Para a análise dos dados quantitativos, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e o teste de Friedman; sob o ponto de vista qualitativo, a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados e análise de dados: Houve uma diferença significativa entre as avaliações do desempenho da marcha (Χ2FR= 17,7; gl= 2; p=0,0001), principalmente entre a segunda e terceira avaliação (p<0,05). Em síntese, foram encontradas resultados satisfatórios nas seguintes variáveis: comprimento de passo, largura de passo, altura do passo, simetria do passo, estabilidade de tronco, virando durante a marcha, sustentação durante a marcha e desvio da linha media, que podem ser atribuídos aos efeitos da prática da psicomotricidade. Considerações finais: Torna-se indispensável a psicomotricidade como promotora na promoção à saúde do idoso, pois as atividades irá proporcionar uma melhoria na qualidade de vida e na correção das alterações da marcha na pessoa idosa.

Este estudo se propôs a discutir o processo de formação continuada do docente como uma prática pedagógica importante para ampliação dos saberes profissionais. Seu objetivo foi conhecer como um determinado programa de aperfeiçoamento profissional contribui para a melhoria da prática docente, o desenvolvimento humano e a percepção de suporte social destes docentes nessa trajetória de formação. No método da pesquisa utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa e como instrumentos a técnica da inserção ecológica, a entrevista e o grupo focal. Os participantes foram professores que passaram no concurso público de provas e títulos de PEB II do Estado de São Paulo, que tem como sede a Diretoria de Ensino a Região de Taubaté e que ingressaram em 2012 no curso da escola de formação e aperfeiçoamento de professores `Paulo Renato Costa Souza (EFAP). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e discutidos à luz da teoria bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano, do construto suporte social e teóricos como Tardif (2002), Gatti (2008), Libâneo (2203), Vasconcellos (2010) e Brzezinski (2012). As categorias de análise foram: 1- a formação continuada em termos de prática pedagógica, da troca de experiências e o seu papel na formação inicial; 2- o curso da EFAP em relação à sua estrutura, à dinâmica da teoria bioecológica, à sua parte pedagógica e específica, a ênfase nos alunos de inclusão, no currículo do Estado de São Paulo e sua relação com os distratores do Saresp; 3- a identidade do professor em sua dimensão afetiva e sua influência nos alunos;4- o ser professor por falta de opção e por vocação; 5- a questão do suporte social ao docente em vários aspectos. Conclui que o processo de formação continuada se torna efetivo quando ultrapassa a dimensão do conhecimento destes docentes, alcançando suas condições sociopsicológicas e culturais, favorecendo um espaço de reflexão crítica, de construção coletiva, de esperança e de novas descobertas.
This study aimed to discuss the process of continuous formation of the teacher as a pedagogical practice important for expansion of professional knowledge. His goal was to know how a particular program of professional improvement contributes to the improvement of teaching practice, human development and the perception of social support of these teachers on this path of formation. In the method of the inquiry the qualitative approach was used and like instruments the technique of the ecological insertion, the interview and the focal group. The participants were teachers who have passed in the open competition of proofs and titles of PEB II of the State II of Sao Paulo, which has as its head office to the Board Teaching the Region of Taubate and who joined in 2012 in the course of the school of training and improvement of teachers `Paulo Renato Costa de Souza (EFAP). The data were subjected to content analysis and discussed in the light of the bioecological theory of human development , the social support construct and theorists like/such as Tardif (2002 ) , Gatti (2008 ) , Libâneo ( 2203 ) , Vasconcellos (2010 ) and Brzezinski (2012 ) . The categories of analysis were : 1 -to formation continued in terms of practice pedagogic, of the exchange of experiences and his paper in the initial formation; 2 - the course of EFAP regarding his structure, the dynamic of the bio-ecological theory , its share pedagogical and specific emphasis on student inclusion in the curriculum of the State of São Paulo and its relationship with the distractors Saresp ; 3 - the identity of the teacher in his affection/affectionate dimension and his influence on students ; 4 the being teacher for lack of option and by vocation ; 5 - the issue of support social to a teacher in several aspects. Concludes that the continued training process becomes effective when exceeds the cognitive dimension of teaching, reaching their socio-psychological knowledge and cultural conditions, aiming at a space of critical reflection, of collective construction, hope and new discoveries.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2936. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves i-iv. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84).

Business leaders face the challenge of developing their employees to assume leadership positions within their organizations. However, business leaders devote less than 10% of their time to developing employee leadership capabilities through leadership development programs, resulting in poor leadership development programs designed to prepare employees to assume leadership positions. Using transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this multicase study was to explore strategies that human resource managers use to improve their employee leadership development programs. Participants were purposefully selected for their experience improving employee leadership development programs in organizations in Silicon Valley. Data were collected via semistructured interviews over Skype with 3 human resource managers and a review of organizational documents related to the improvement of leadership development programs. Data were analyzed using methodological triangulation through inductive coding of phrases and words. Three themes emerged from this study: CEO involvement was paramount for leadership development program success; fostering a learning organizational culture promotes innovation, engagement, and trust; and training is most successful when completed as a series. The implications for positive social change include the development of local and global leaders empowered to address larger problems, including homelessness, disease, lack of cultural acceptance, and environmental sustainability.

Thesis: Ph. D. in Biomedical Engineering, Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, February 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-114).
MRI based cerebral oxygenation measures could enable brain-centered clinical care and improve understanding of brain energy use throughout human development. We made technical improvements to two MR oxygenation imaging techniques, and explored the concordance between various methods to quantify the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2 ) and other aspects of cerebral metabolism in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD). Using a turbo gradient spin echo readout we reduced the scan time of the existing QUantitative Imaging of eXtraction of Oxygen and TIssue Consumption (QUIXOTIC) technique for measurements of global oxygen extraction fraction by eightfold while improving robustness to physiological noise and motion. We also corrected the effect of residual cerebrospinal fluid signal on transverse relaxation time quantification. The detected change in oxygen extraction fraction in the visual cortex during visual stimulation, demonstrated the technique's suitability for absolute quantitative functional MRI experiments. T2-Relaxation Under Spin Tagging (TRUST) has been used in several studies, including one with neonates, to quantify blood oxygen saturation. We investigated how involuntary subject motion affects quantification by incorporating volume navigators into TRUST to monitor motion during scans. We demonstrated that motion causes an upward bias in venous oxygen saturation quantification. Finally, we used TRUST and phase contrast MRI to measure CMRO2 in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) and explored the link between CMRO2 and other aspects of metabolism examined by MR spectroscopic imaging. We found a relationship between cerebral oxygenation and lactate and glutathione concentrations in white matter. We also sought to extend the reach of absolute MRI-based quantification by comparing it to bedside near infrared spectroscopy-based measurements. We found good agreement between oxygenation measurements, but no agreement between cerebral blood flow measurements, suggesting that hemodynamics vary more rapidly than oxygenation. Robust MR-based oxygenation imaging would improve clinical care and our understanding of how abnormal oxygen delivery affects brain development. Seeking a complete picture of cerebral metabolism throughout development, future work will perfect techniques to monitor cerebral hemodynamics, oxygenation and metabolism from midgestation to old age.
by Jeffrey Neil Stout.
Ph. D. in Biomedical Engineering

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (the KSA) has a rapidly growing and diversifying economy that has made significant progress in manufacturing, construction, and agriculture. However, the KSA remains a difficult place for the practice of human resources management (HRM) because of, among other factors, a large non-native workforce and a majority of family-owned firms. These complicating factors mean that, in Saudi firms, HRM practices are adopted in a gradual manner and specifically, training programs are conducted with a view to develop talents and improve worker performance. The study explored the current state of HRM practices in KSA, perception on the training programs conducted and training effectiveness captured as ‘Intent to participate’. The study primarily used qualitative as well as quantitative data collected from family-owned business firms. It helps to gain a deeper understanding of how perceptions on training programs vary across different organisations and demography of the trainees that include age, qualification and experience. A framework predicting intent to participate by the perception on training programs was developed based on the review of extant literature. In order to capture the differences in the perception on training programs across different organisations, age, qualification and experience, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used. Results show that perception differed across organisations, age, qualification and experience. In order to predict intent to participate by perception on training programs, multiple regression analysis was used. Results show that perception on identification of training needs, clarity of objectives, training design, behavioural modification and performance improvement predict intent to participate. The researcher also explored perception on training programs in family-owned business firms by conducting an interview with 33 HR managers using a semi-structured interview schedule. The HR managers belong to those companies where the employees hail from. The schedule was developed and standardised using content validity and reliability. The study also gained insights into various areas of training required by the employees in order to achieve their business results. It further provides inputs in terms of HR concerns and suggested HR Interventions to make the management training function better aligned and integrated. The study concludes with a set of recommendations for firms on implementing management training effectively. Ultimately, the study proposes a model of training for family-owned businesses in the KSA.

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REUNI
Esta pesquisa analisou possíveis sentidos da formação humana na adolescência por meio do Programa de Educação Emocional para a Prevenção da Violência (PEEPV) desenvolvido por uma equipe de educadores coordenada por Agustín Vañó, na Espanha. Buscou-se analisar a possibilidade de formação, no contexto escolar, das competências emocionais de autoconhecimento, automotivação, autoconsciência, empatia e habilidades sociais. Foram selecionadas quatorze atividades do PEEPV representativas das cinco competências emocionais mencionadas para serem ministradas a alunos dos sétimo, oitavo e nono anos do Ensino Fundamental. Foram selecionadas duas escolas públicas na cidade do Recife, uma estadual e outra federal. A pesquisa tomou por pressuposto inicial a possibilidade de que as atividades do PEEPV contribuíssem com o desenvolvimento de aspectos pertinentes à formação humana dos alunos do campo investigado, de acordo com as competências mencionadas. Tomou-se igualmente por fundamento a ideia de que os processos educacionais se expressam pelo desenvolvimento de ações éticas e políticas alicerçadas em projetos comuns de convivência solidária e aperfeiçoamento das relações pessoais, sociais e ambientais, instruídas por uma compreensão da integralidade do humano e da formação humanizada da adolescência nos âmbitos psicossocial, familiar e cultural, ideias que são afins ao PEEPV. A estrutura da pesquisa empírica desenvolvida constitui-se de: (1) análise e apresentação do PEEPV, em sua estrutura geral e contexto de surgimento na Espanha, em 2005; (2) seleção, tradução e coordenação do ensino das atividades relativas às cinco competências mencionadas e contidas no PEEPV; (3) relato e análise das impressões sobre o trajeto de pesquisa por parte da autora; (4) avaliação dos resultados da intervenção realizada por intermédio de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos; (5) reflexão sobre as consequências, alcance, limites e possíveis desdobramentos da pesquisa. Quanto à avaliação dos resultados da intervenção por meios qualitativos, foram realizadas entrevistas com seis educadores. Quanto aos procedimentos quantitativos, os resultados foram avaliados mediante a definição de grupos controle e grupos de intervenção em ambas as escolas, com pré e pós-teste em cada grupo, por meio da aplicação de 643 questionários. Foram aplicados dois tipos de questionário: (a) sobre Incidentes de Violência na Escola, e; (b) sobre Educação Emocional dos alunos. O primeiro questionário avaliou a incidência de atos de violência escolar percebidos pelos alunos e classificados em Atitudes de Exclusão (ae), Violência Linguística (vl), Violência Material (vm), Violência Física (vf) e Ameaça e Intimidação (ai). O segundo questionário avaliou o desenvolvimento emocional dos alunos, tendo como referência as competências já mencionadas, por meio de escalas tipo Likert de cinco pontos. A análise dos dados, impressões e informações coletadas e organizadas indicam não existir evidência de desenvolvimento dos alunos quanto às competências mencionadas da educação emocional nos limites da intervenção realizada nesta pesquisa. Não obstante, houve unanimidade entre todos os educadores entrevistados sobre a necessidade e conveniência de se imprimir tal formação aos adolescentes no contexto escolar.
This doctoral thesis which is based on an exploratory research examined possible meanings of human formation in adolescence through the Program of Emotional Education for the Prevention of Violence (PEEPV), developed by a team of educators coordinated by Agustin Caruana Vañó, in Spain. We aimed to analyze the possibility of training emotional skills concerning self-awareness, self-motivation, self-conscience and empathy as well as social skills in the school context. We selected fourteen activities of PEEPV which represent the five emotional skills to be taught to students in the 7th, 8th and 9th grades of the basic education in two public schools in the city of Recife, in one state school and in one school of the federal system. The research had as initial objective the possibility that PEEPV activities contributed to the development of specific aspects of the human formation of the students from the investigated field, in accordance with the above mentioned skills. It was also founded on the idea that the educational processes are expressed by the development of ethical and political actions based on common projects of social coexistence and improvement of personal, social and environmental relations developed by the understanding of the human wholeness and the formation of humanized adolescence in psychosocial, family and cultural contexts that are related to PEEPV. The structure of our empirical research is consisted of: (1) analysis and presentation of the PEEPV, in their general structure and context of emergence in Spain in 2005; (2) selection, translation and coordination of activities concerning to teaching the mentioned five skills contained in PEEPV; (3) reporting and analysis of personal impressions about the researching course taken by the author; (4) evaluation of the intervention results carried out by means of qualitative and quantitative methods; (5) consideration of the consequences scope, limits and possible evolution of the research. As for the evaluation of the intervention results by qualitative means, interviews with six educators were carried out. As for quantitative procedures, the results were evaluated by means of defining control and intervention groups in both schools, with pre and post-test with each group, through the use of 643 questionnaires. Two types of questionnaire were used: (a) about incidents of violence at school, and; (b) emotional education of the students. The first questionnaire assessed the incidence of acts of school violence perceived by students and Classified in Exclusion Attitudes (ae), Linguistic Violence (vl), Material Violence (vm), Physical Violence (fv) and Threat and Intimidation (ai). The second questionnaire assessed the emotional development of the students, having as reference the skills which have already been mentioned, by means of Likert scales of five points. The analysis of the data, personal impressions and information collected and organized indicates there is no evidence of students development relating to the skills referred to emotional education in the interventions carried out in the research. Nevertheless, there was unanimity among all interviewed educators about the need and convenience of encouraging such training for teenagers in the school context.

This paper applies New Growth Theory (NGT) to the economic development plan of the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research (IALR) for the Dan River region. New Growth Theory is summarized into five concepts: knowledge and human capital, technology, flexible production and innovation, and the institutional environment. The IALR program demonstrates this NGT framework. The IALR program seeks to promote growth by attracting exogenous demand for innovation and high tech. Endogenously, the program plans to create an institutional support environment and human capital infrastructure. The New Growth Theory supports the IALR in developing a knowledge based economy. However, the New Growth Theory has limitations in application for economic development. It assumes that the targeted economy has some physical and social infrastructure. The Dan River region lacks transportation infrastructure and a history of valuing higher education. The New Growth Theory assumes that using knowledge as a factor will insure against diminishing returns. However, growth from high tech is risky and uneven. The IALR program is an example of an under-educated region trying to transform its economy by using high tech. What may happen is an increased gap between the lower and higher income population, with skilled knowledge labor being recruited and the existing human capital not able to keep up with the new skill requirements. Finally, while the Dan River region has a need to work on quality of life aspects, such as living conditions, equity, the environment, health and civic infrastructure, New Growth Theory does not consider these aspects.
Master of Public and International Affairs

Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência e Tecnologia
A Ciência e a Tecnologia assumem hoje em dia um papel preponderante, surgindo como alternativa estratégica de elevado potencial para o desenvolvimento das economias. Esta relação entre Ciência e Tecnologia induz o fortalecimento continuado das relações entre a Universidade e o tecido empresarial, as quais assumem um papel determinante na geração da inovação tecnológica. Inovação, que pela sua reconhecida importância, é parte integrante das estratégias de competitividade protagonizados tanto pelas empresas, como pelos países que se querem afirmar num ambiente crescente da globalização das economias e mundialização dos mercados. A grande diferença que marca a revolução tecnológica actual face às anteriores prende-se com o facto de aquela ter como matriz científica-tecnológica mais que um domínio do saber, ocorrência que empresta um carácter inédito ao nosso tempo e à própria mudança, que por aquele facto exibe acrescidos níveis de complexidade. Ao longo do trabalho, onde foi caracterizado o perfil dos bolseiros na área das Tecnologias da Informação e das Telecomunicações (TIT), demonstrou-se, de forma clara, o carácter crucial da formação de recursos humanos para enfrentar os desvios decorrentes da revolução tecnológica em curso onde seguramente as TIT assumem e continuarão a assumir posição preponderante, embora se reconheça o facto de existirem outros domínios do saber (biotecnologia e dos novos materiais por exemplo) cuja participação em tal processo é também relevante. Em Portugal, a formação de recursos humanos na área das TIT, ganhou dimensão estratégica com a entrada do país na CEE (UE), por razões ligadas à própria postura da Comunidade a qual influenciou directamente o perfil e conteúdo , do programa CIÊNCIA, apontando este claramente para um eixo de actuações orientado para a criação de economias externas. A análise empreendida parte do pressuposto de que, cabe à política científica e tecnológica um papel essencial naqueles domínios, cujo sucesso muito depende de uma capacidade de fixação de objectivos estratégicos coerentes num quadro crescente de globalização dos mercados; mundialização da economia; mutação do emprego e do trabalho onde o saber e a sua manipulação induzem uma crescente tecnologização da sociedade
It is assumed that Science and Technology play an important role in the context that we live, emerging as a strategic alternative to the development of the economies. This relationship between science and Technology contributes to the enforcement between the university and the companies tissue, that assumes a determinant role on the generation of the technological innovation. For its importance, innovation is one of the integrated strategies of competitiveness used by companies and countries that want to affirm themselves in the growing economy's globalisation and market's mundialisation. The big difference that marks the actual technological revolution in comparison with the anterior is that the scientific-technological matrix is developed in more than one scientific dominion, which is a single character of our time and change , because it causes growing levels of complexity. It is demonstrated, during this work, where the profile of the scholarship were characterized, that there is a clear, crucial character on the human resources training to face the challenges that occur from the technological revolution , where the TIT assume an important role, although we recognize that there are others dominions of knowing (biotechnology and new materials for example). In Portugal, the training of human resources in the area of TIT has achieved strategic dimension after join in the EEC (EU), for reasons linked with the position of the community itself, which as influenced directly the profile and contain , of CIENCIA, which points out to the creation of external economies , that are going to be used as a human potential to the reinforcement of the National Scientific and Technological System. It competes to the scientific and technological policy an essential role on this dominions, which success depends on the fixation ability of strategic goals coherence in a growing environment of market globalisation and economies mundialisation, employment changes, mutation of the employment and the work that conducted to the technologization of the society.