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1
Bodrogi, Peter, Quang Trinh Vinh und Tran Quoc Khanh. „Opinion: The usefulness of light sources in human centric lighting“. Lighting Research & Technology 49, Nr. 3 (Mai 2017): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517707427.
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Thi Giang, Duong, Thuy Linh La, Tran Quoc Tien, Pham Hong Duong und Quang Cong Tong. „A Simple Designed Lens for Human Centric Lighting Using LEDs“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (02.01.2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010343.
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Light is generally important for human beings. Visible light supports vision and can modify circadian rhythm, and together with invisible light at longer or shorter wavelength can also make either a direct or indirect impact on human biological and mental health. For medical applications, several studies have shown success in using light to fasten the skin regeneration in burns and to cure diseases such as newborn jaundice. In daily life, an appropriate amount and time exposure to certain types of light can result in rising of alertness and mood improvement, which leads to noticeable growth in one’s productivity. Therefore, human centric lighting can modify lighting factors to make the best of the natural characteristics of light. The seek an ideal indoor lighting system is widely carried out not only by scientists but also by architects. A qualified luminaire is considered by many factors, including luminous productivity, visual comfort and expenses; meanwhile, the idealization of illuminance is also constructed in many ways, such as widening the lamp’s surface area, changing of luminaire’s positions and applying different methods to illuminate a surface. Approaching these problems, our idea is to study the uplighting method and freeform optics using low-cost acrylic lenses. By changing lens shape and optimizing the factors which affect the illuminance such as the irradiation angle and the distance between the luminaire and the reflection surfaces, we find the most effective lens and its peaks due to each factors using the ray-tracing simulation to obtain results concerning high uniformity of illumination.
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Houser, Kevin W. „Ethics and Fallacies of Human-Centric Lighting and Artificial Light at Night“. LEUKOS 17, Nr. 4 (04.08.2021): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2021.1951021.
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4
Lam, F. „Applying light for human health: What lighting designers need to know“. Lighting Research & Technology 53, Nr. 5 (20.07.2021): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153521996767.
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As lighting designers, our work impacts people and the environment. Putting human-centric thinking and approaches at the heart of design is the first principle. This paper reflects a personal view on what lighting designers need to know before they can apply professional judgement and claim that their lighting design will improve human health.
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Chien, S.-C., S.-M. Chien, E. Lau und P. Lin. „Light Beyond Vision: Implications for Human-centric Lighting Design in Tropical Nursing homes“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 410 (24.01.2020): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012097.
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Klein, Joëlle, und Kamrul Hossain. „Conceptualising Human-centric Cyber Security in the Arctic in Light of Digitalisation and Climate Change“. Arctic Review on Law and Politics 11 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v11.1936.
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The following article revisits existing scholarship on human-centric approaches to security in cyberspace and argues that a holistic understanding of cyber security in the Arctic must include discussion of the use of cyber technology in the everyday lives of individuals and communities, addressing both the ways such tools enable and undermine human security. Simultaneously, the article contextualises the Arctic as a region undergoing rapid change as a result of climate change and increased digitalisation and seeks to understand the consequent implications for human security. In light of these considerations, the article analyses the existing constraints and possibilities that cyber security and digitalisation pose for human security and revisits them from a humancentric perspective of cyber security. It also seeks to contextualise such security influences in relation to the role of climate change and its influence on the region. Finally, several examples are discussed to underline the interdependent implications of digitalisation and climate change from a human-centric perspective of cyber security in the Arctic.
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Kurban, Dilek. „An Intimate Yet Anglo-Centric Account of a Renaissance Human Rights Man“. Israel Law Review 54, Nr. 1 (14.01.2021): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223720000242.
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In his well-researched biography, Mike Chinoy chronicles Kevin Boyle's life and career as a scholar, activist and lawyer, bringing to light his under-appreciated role in the civil rights movement in Northern Ireland and the efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict, as well as his contributions to human rights movements in the United Kingdom, Europe and the world. Are You With Me? is an important contribution to the literature on the actors who have shaped the norms, institutions and operations of human rights. In its efforts to shed light on one man, the book offers a fresh alternative to state-centric accounts of the origins of human rights. The book offers a portrait of a social movement actor turned legal scholar who used the law to contest the social inequalities against the minority community to which he belonged and to push for a solution to the underlying political conflict, as well as revelations of the complex power dynamics between human rights lawyers and the social movements they represent. In these respects Are You With Me? also provides valuable insights for socio-legal scholars, especially those focusing on legal mobilisation. At the same time the book could have provided a fuller and more complex biographical account had Chinoy been geographically and linguistically comprehensive in selecting his interviewees. The exclusion of Kurdish lawyers and human rights advocates is noticeable, particularly in light of the inclusion of Boyle's local partners in other contexts, such as South Africa.
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Foster, RG. „Fundamentals of circadian entrainment by light“. Lighting Research & Technology 53, Nr. 5 (20.07.2021): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14771535211014792.
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Light at dawn and dusk is the key signal for the entrainment of the circadian clock. Light at dusk delays the clock. Light at dawn advances the clock. The threshold for human entrainment requires relatively bright light for a long duration, but the precise irradiance/duration relationships for photoentrainment have yet to be fully defined. Photoentrainment is achieved by a network of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) which utilise the short-wavelength light-sensitive photopigment, melanopsin. Although rods and cones are not required, they do play a role in photoentrainment, by projecting to and modulating the endogenous photosensitivity of the pRGCs, but in a manner that remains poorly understood. It is also important to emphasise that the age and prior light exposure of an individual will modify the efficacy of entrainment stimuli. Because of the complexity of photoreceptor interactions, attempts to develop evidence-based human centric lighting are not straightforward. We need to study how humans respond to dynamic light exposure in the ‘real world’ where light intensity, duration, spectral quality and the time of exposure vary greatly. Defining these parameters will allow the development of electric lighting systems that will enhance human circadian entrainment.
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Serikov, Yakov, und Karina Serikova. „Theoretical justification and practical aspects of implementation of Human Centric Lighting Program in production conditions“. Ukrainian Metrological Journal, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2021.228235.
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The relevance of the introduction of HCL systems in production conditions, in which the dynamics of changes in the characteristics of light flux can be synchronized with the circadian biorhythms of the human body. This is determined by the fact that the unsatisfactory characteristics of industrial lighting increase the risk of injury and occupational morbidity. It is shown that providing only normative quantitative characteristics of illumination is not enough, since its qualitative characteristics – ripple coefficient, spectral composition cause non-visual effect of light. They can affect the psychophysiological state of a person, his\her performance, fatigue by affecting the circadian biorhythms of the body. The comparison of standard values of the level of artificial lighting of jobs in different countries with natural ones. Based on the analysis, recommendations were developed aimed at improving artificial lighting. The analysis of the results of the study of non-visual effect of the pulsation of the light flux on the psychophysiology of a person was carried out. Its main negative consequences are given, the necessary tasks for the implementation of the HCL program in a production environment in this aspect are identified. The results of analysis of studies of the influence of the color temperature of the light flux on the psychophysiological state of a person are also presented. Recommendations on the regulation of this parameter for various types of production activities have been developed.
Keywords: industrial lighting; NIF-effect; occupational injuries.
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Paik, Young-Ki, Gilbert S. Omenn, Christopher M. Overall, Eric W. Deutsch und William S. Hancock. „Recent Advances in the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project: Missing Proteins in the Spot Light“. Journal of Proteome Research 14, Nr. 9 (04.09.2015): 3409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00785.
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Rasool, Iffat, Maqsood Haider und Marium Din. „Micro Corporate Social Responsibility: A Person-Centric Approach for Meeting the Grand Challenges“. Journal of Research in Social Sciences 7, Nr. 2 (18.01.2021): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/jrss.7i2.79.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the role of perceived CSR with emphasis on employees’ attitude and behavior on employee level, a neglected area in research. The literature review suggests that Internal CSR as an ethical behavior of human resource management can help to overcome the grand human and societal challenges of organizations. In this regard, the primary data was collected from Telecom sector and was evaluated through Structural Equation Modeling with the help of AMOS. In the light of observed literature gap, a perceived model having Internal CSR (PICSR) as independent and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as dependent variable were observed. Moreover, the two parallel mediations were hypothesized through Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived External Prestige (PEP) in the light of social exchange and social identity theories. The results of hypothesis were found significant. The study intends to contribute to understand the role of micro foundation of CSR and has implications for organizations to meet grand human and societal challenges of organizations in developing countries like Pakistan in South Asia.
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Becker, Jonas J. „Sustainable Lighting for High-Rise Buildings: Lighting Solutions for High-Rise Buildings in the Context of Sustainability“. Journal of A Sustainable Global South 3, Nr. 2 (31.08.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsgs.2019.v03.i02.p01.
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As awareness about Human Centric Lighting rises sustainable lighting concepts in high-rise architecture are more and more considered. Health and wellbeing are terms that become an essential part in light planning. The question is if there are sustainable solutions to improve this problem and if so how to implement them in the lighting planning of a modern high-rise building properly? And is there potential for improvement in sustainability of lighting solutions when it comes to working or living conditions? Two main sources of light are looked at: Daylight and artificial lighting. In the case of a modern high-rise building the lighting design necessarily consists of them both. However, the conclusions of the researches looked at in this paper show that it is of utmost importance of how this technology is applied. My findings show that melanopic effective lighting has the power to coordinate our circadian rhythms. Lighting solutions for daytime can positively influence our circadian rhythm by the consideration of natural light in project planning as well as the use of intelligent artificial lighting solutions such as the ones done research on.
Keywords: sustainable lighting, human centric lighting, high rise building
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Wang, Tengjiao, Fang Yang, Jian Song und Zhu Han. „Dimming Techniques of Visible Light Communications for Human-Centric Illumination Networks: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Trends“. IEEE Wireless Communications 27, Nr. 4 (August 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.001.1900388.
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Spitschan, Manuel, James Mead, Chris Roos, Chris Lowis, Ben Griffiths, Paul Mucur und Michael Herf. „luox: novel open-access and open-source web platform for calculating and sharing physiologically relevant quantities for light and lighting“. Wellcome Open Research 6 (29.03.2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16595.1.
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Light exposure has a profound impact on human physiology and behaviour. For example, light exposure at the wrong time can disrupt our circadian rhythms and acutely suppress the production of melatonin. In turn, appropriately timed light exposure can support circadian photoentrainment. Beginning with the discovery that melatonin production is acutely suppressed by bright light more than 40 years ago, understanding which aspects of light drive the 'non-visual' responses to light remains a highly active research area, with an important translational dimension and implications for "human-centric" or physiologically inspired architectural lighting design. In 2018, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standardised the spectral sensitivities for predicting the non-visual effects of a given spectrum of light with respect to the activation of the five photoreceptor classes in the human retina: the L, M and S cones, the rods, and the melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Here, we described a novel, lean, user-friendly, open-access and open-source platform for calculating quantities related to light. The platform, called luox, enables researchers and research users in chronobiology, sleep research and adjacent field to turn spectral measurements into reportable quantities. The luox code base, released under the GPL-3.0 License, is modular and therefore extendable to other spectrum-derived quantities.
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Buayairugsa, Jidapa. „SECURITIZATION AGAINST SEX TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN: THE CASE OF MULTILATERAL COOPERATION IN THE MEKONG SUB-REGION“. EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, Nr. 4(17) (08.08.2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.4(17).2019.30-36.
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This research examines the securitization process and the effectiveness of multilateral cooperation against sex trafficking of women and children in the Mekong sub-region. It has been inspired by an open question of why the situation with sex trafficking has not improved despite the availability of a significant number of multilateral anti-trafficking mechanisms. The research analyses and evaluates anti-trafficking mechanisms of the ASEAN and COMMIT up to the mid of 2018 in the light of securitization theory and human security concept. The research concludes that anti-trafficking mechanisms within ASEAN and COMMIT have not yet adequately mitigated sex trafficking of women and children. Even though they have addressed trafficking in many different ways, some evidence shows that the ways in which they have proceeded with their anti-trafficking mechanisms have criminalized trafficked victims more than protected them. This practice is as a result of the state-centric policies instead of human-centric ones. Hence, regional mechanisms should prioritize human security and human rights when being employed to resolve security issues.
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Spitschan, Manuel, James Mead, Chris Roos, Chris Lowis, Ben Griffiths, Paul Mucur und Michael Herf. „luox: novel validated open-access and open-source web platform for calculating and sharing physiologically relevant quantities for light and lighting“. Wellcome Open Research 6 (03.06.2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16595.2.
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Light exposure has a profound impact on human physiology and behaviour. For example, light exposure at the wrong time can disrupt our circadian rhythms and acutely suppress the production of melatonin. In turn, appropriately timed light exposure can support circadian photoentrainment. Beginning with the discovery that melatonin production is acutely suppressed by bright light more than 40 years ago, understanding which aspects of light drive the 'non-visual' responses to light remains a highly active research area, with an important translational dimension and implications for "human-centric" or physiologically inspired architectural lighting design. In 2018, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) standardised the spectral sensitivities for predicting the non-visual effects of a given spectrum of light with respect to the activation of the five photoreceptor classes in the human retina: the L, M and S cones, the rods, and the melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). Here, we described a novel, lean, user-friendly, open-access and open-source platform for calculating quantities related to light. The platform, called luox, enables researchers and research users in chronobiology, sleep research and adjacent field to turn spectral measurements into reportable quantities. The luox code base, released under the GPL-3.0 License, is modular and therefore extendable to other spectrum-derived quantities. luox has been endorsed by the CIE following black-box validation.
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Soltic, Snjezana, und Andrew Chalmers. „Optimization of LED Lighting for Clinical Settings“. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2019 (27.08.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5016013.
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The advent of the LED light source has promoted the concept of human-centric lighting (HCL). The LED has also been responsible for increases in the electrical efficiency of lighting systems, coupled with recent improvements in their colour properties. We have found that it is also possible to create a lit environment with enhanced clinical attributes by providing a source spectrum that meets the requirements of the Cyanosis Observation Index (COI). This paper describes the use of a differential evolution (DE) algorithm for the spectral design of a mixed LED light source capable of meeting COI recommendations as well as HCL performance criteria.
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Sequeira, Cinderella. „Laudato Si’: caring beyond limits with a cosmocentric world vision“. Theology 122, Nr. 6 (November 2019): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x19872106.
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The aim of this article is to reflect on the necessity of building a new approach to perceive nature from the perspective of a cosmocentric world in the light of the papal document Laudato Si’. Laudato Si’ made its appearance at a very crucial point in human history, when human beings are in the process of plunging towards and into a technocentric space. We now stand on the threshold of a techno-centric world where our future generations will be born into the age of technology. We are the ones who shoulder the responsibility of moulding their perspectives towards a cosmocentric universe.
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Lee, Sujung, und Heakyung C. Yoon. „A Randomized Controlled Trail for Comparing LED Color Temperature and Color Rendering Attributes in Different Illuminance Environments for Human-Centric Office Lighting“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 18 (08.09.2021): 8313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188313.
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In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the color rendering index (CRI) and correlated color temperature (CCT) of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting on office user acceptance and to explore the proper color attributes for human-centric office lighting. Experiment 1 had four LED lights, with two levels for the CRI (CRI < 80: 79, 76; or CRI ≥ 80: 83, 84) and CCT (3000 K or 6500 K) at 300 lux. In experiment 2, there were four LED lights, with several levels for the CRI (CRI < 80: 78; or CRI ≥ 80: 87, 83) and CCT (3000 K or 6500 K) at 500 lux. Ninety-six participants in experiment 1 and ninety-four participants in experiment 2 performed a reading task. The results in experiment 1 and experiment 2 showed that LEDs with lower CRI values at warm color temperatures were rated as more acceptable than LEDs with higher CRI values at warm color temperatures. However, the positive effect extended to LEDs with higher CRI values at cool temperatures but not to LEDs with lower CRI values at cool temperatures. Therefore, the findings are that LEDs with lower CRI values at warm color temperatures and LEDs with higher CRI values at cool temperatures provide the right level of color attributes for office lighting.
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Wilkinson, Daricia, Paritosh Bahirat, Moses Namara, Jing Lyu, Arwa Alsubhi, Jessica Qiu, Pamela Wisniewski und Bart P. Knijnenburg. „Privacy at a Glance: The User-Centric Design of Glanceable Data Exposure Visualizations“. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020, Nr. 2 (01.04.2020): 416–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0034.
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AbstractSmartphone users are often unaware of mobile applications’ (“apps”) third-party data collection and sharing practices, which put them at higher risk of privacy breaches. One way to raise awareness of these practices is by providing unobtrusive but pervasive visualizations that can be presented in a glanceable manner. In this paper, we applied Wogalter et al.’s Communication-Human Information Processing model (C-HIP) to design and prototype eight different visualizations that depict smartphone apps’ data sharing activities. We varied the granularity and type (i.e., data-centric or app-centric) of information shown to users and used the screensaver/lock screen as a design probe. Through interview-based design probes with Android users (n=15), we investigated the aspects of the data exposure visualizations that influenced users’ comprehension and privacy awareness. Our results shed light on how users’ perceptions of privacy boundaries influence their preference regarding the information structure of these visualizations, and the tensions that exist in these visualizations between glanceability and granularity. We discuss how a pervasive, soft paternalistic approach to privacy-related visualization may raise awareness by enhancing the transparency of information flow, thereby, unobtrusively increasing users’ understanding of data sharing practices of mobile apps. We also discuss implications for privacy research and glanceable security.
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Ngarambe, Jack, Inhan Kim und Geun Young Yun. „Influences of Spectral Power Distribution on Circadian Energy, Visual Comfort and Work Performance“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 9 (26.04.2021): 4852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094852.
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Spectral power distribution (SPD) is an essential element that has considerable implications on circadian energy and the perception of lit environments. The present study assessed the potential influences of SPD on energy consumption (i.e., considering circadian energy), visual comfort, work performance and mood. Two lighting conditions based on light-emitting diode (LED) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) were used as proxies for SPDs of different spectral content: dominant peak wavelength of 455 nm (LED) and 618 nm (OLED). Using measured photometric values, the circadian light (CL), melatonin suppression (MS), and circadian efficacy (CE) of the two lighting sources were estimated via a circadian-phototransduction model and compared. Additionally, twenty-six participants were asked to evaluate the said lit environments subjectively in terms of visual comfort and self-reported work performance. Regarding circadian lighting and the associated energy implications, the LED light source induced higher biological actions with relatively less energy than the OLED light source. For visual comfort, OLED lighting-based conditions were preferred to LED lighting-based conditions, while the opposite was true when considering work performance and mood. The current study adds to the on-going debate regarding human-centric lighting, particularly considering the role of SPD in energy-efficient and circadian lighting practices.
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Papatsimpa, Charikleia, und Jean-Paul Linnartz. „Personalized Office Lighting for Circadian Health and Improved Sleep“. Sensors 20, Nr. 16 (14.08.2020): 4569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164569.
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In modern society, the average person spends more than 90% of their time indoors. However, despite the growing scientific understanding of the impact of light on biological mechanisms, the existing light in the built environment is designed predominantly to meet visual performance requirements only. Lighting can also be exploited as a means to improve occupant health and well-being through the circadian functions that regulate sleep, mood, and alertness. The benefits of well-lit spaces map across other regularly occupied building types, such as residences and schools, as well as patient rooms in healthcare and assisted-living facilities. Presently, Human Centric Lighting is being offered based on generic insights on population average experiences. In this paper, we suggest a personalized bio-adaptive office lighting system, controlled to emit a lighting recipe tailored to the individual employee. We introduce a new mathematical optimization for lighting schedules that align the 24-h circadian cycle. Our algorithm estimates and optimizes parameters in experimentally validated models of the human circadian pacemaker. Moreover, it constrains deviations from the light levels desired and needed to perform daily activities. We further translate these into general principles for circadian lighting. We use experimentally validated models of the human circadian pacemaker to introduce a new algorithm to mathematically optimize lighting schedules to achieve circadian alignment to the 24-h cycle, with constrained deviations from the light levels desired for daily activities. Our suggested optimization algorithm was able to translate our findings into general principles for circadian lighting. In particular, our simulation results reveal: (1) how energy constrains drive the shape of optimal lighting profiles by dimming the light levels in the time window that light is less biologically effective; (2) how inter-individual variations in the characteristic internal duration of the day shift the timing of optimal lighting exposure; (3) how user habits and, in particular, late-evening light exposure result in differentiation in late afternoon office lighting.
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Maler, Eve. „The design of everyday identity“. Online Information Review 33, Nr. 3 (19.06.2009): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14684520910969899.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine trends towards “user centricity” in web‐based digital identity technologies, and analyse these technologies in light of universal principles of human‐centred design and usability in order to recommend future directions.Design/methodology/approachWeb users' habits and relevant usability research are analysed and requirements for identity‐enabled online interactions are proposed given this context. Modern identity technologies of various types are then studied to assess their ability to satisfy the requirements.FindingsThe results of these analyses point towards a possible explanation for the lack of wide adoption of today's user‐centric solutions.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the findings of the analyses, practical implications and recommendations are offered.Originality/valueThe paper's discussion of usability factors to consider and its set of final recommendations in light of these factors are new work that may be useful to identity management developers and deployers looking to achieve better user adoption, as well as to researchers and innovators in the fields of social networking and vendor relationship management.
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Yagboyaju, Dhikru Adewale. „Aspects of Human Security, Social Justice and Sustainable Development in Africa: Nigeria as a Case Study“. Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, Nr. 3 (29.09.2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i3.15536.
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This paper analyzes the relationships between selected aspects of human security-poverty and health security, social justice and sustainable development in Nigeria, representing the African continent. Human security, an emerging paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities, is widely defined as consisting of seven key areas. However, the aspects of poverty and health security are selected for this study because of the overlapping effects on all the other aspects. Data for the conceptual and theoretical section of the paper are drawn from secondary sources and complimented by data from primary sources. These include events analyses by the author and content analyses of documents such as United Nations (UN) Human Development Index (HDI), Legatum Prosperity Index and Mo Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) for a selected period. Research methodology is case study based.The paper’s main finding centres on the levels of poverty and threats to health security that have confronted majority of ordinary Nigerians in the past two decades despite the country’s huge material endowments. In the light of this, the focus of knowledge in the country’s immediate and distant future should be human security and not state-centric security.
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Khade, Bipin S., Manik N. Waghmare, Nandini Bhatawale, Poonam G. Gawali, Chandrahasya N. Khobragade und P. M. Dongre. „A Quantitative Fluorescence Study of α-Amylase with Different Sizes of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Human Lung Carcinoma A549 Cells“. Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, Nr. 5 (01.05.2020): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2571.
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Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized using fungal -amylase. Different sizes of stable SNPs were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) revealed 30 nm, 45 nm, 60 nm and 75 nm, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) showed face centric cubic and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) represented spherical in shape. UV-Visible spectroscopy displayed absorption at 412 nm due to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Fluorescence and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy has shown the mechanism of structural interaction between SNPs and α-amylase. The thermodynamic parameters viz. free energy (ΔG0), enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) suggests that the binding process occurs spontaneously by involving hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions. Cytotoxic studies on lung cancer cell line (A-549) showed that the synthesized largest size (75 nm) SNPs were more effective than smallest (30 nm).
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Schäfer, Jörg, Baldev Raj Barrsiwal, Muyassar Kokhkharova, Hannan Adil und Jens Liebehenschel. „Human Activity Recognition Using CSI Information with Nexmon“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 19 (23.09.2021): 8860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198860.
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Using Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 standard, radio frequency waves are mainly used for communication on various devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and smart televisions. Apart from communication applications, the recent research in wireless technology has turned Wi-Fi into other exploration possibilities such as human activity recognition (HAR). HAR is a field of study that aims to predict motion and movement made by a person or even several people. There are numerous possibilities to use the Wi-Fi-based HAR solution for human-centric applications in intelligent surveillance, such as human fall detection in the health care sector or for elderly people nursing homes, smart homes for temperature control, a light control application, and motion detection applications. This paper’s focal point is to classify human activities such as EMPTY, LYING, SIT, SIT-DOWN, STAND, STAND-UP, WALK, and FALL with deep neural networks, such as long-term short memory (LSTM) and support vector machines (SVM). Special care was taken to address practical issues such as using available commodity hardware. Therefore, the open-source tool Nexmon was used for the channel state information (CSI) extraction on inexpensive hardware (Raspberry Pi 3B+, Pi 4B, and Asus RT-AC86U routers). We conducted three different types of experiments using different algorithms, which all demonstrated a similar accuracy in prediction for HAR with an accuracy between 97% and 99.7% (Raspberry Pi) and 96.2% and 100% (Asus RT-AC86U), for the best models, which is superior to previously published results. We also provide the acquired datasets and disclose details about the experimental setups.
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Plischke, Herbert, Matthäus Linek und Johannes Zauner. „The opportunities of biodynamic lighting in homes for the elderly“. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 4, Nr. 1 (01.09.2018): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0031.
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AbstractLight is an important factor for regulation of circadian, endocrine and metabolic processes in the human body. Through this light has a positive effect on cognition, on the stabilization of circadian rhythms and for general wellbeing. These effects are described as non-visual effects of light. Many dynamic lighting systems are already in use in workplaces and living spaces, aiming to address visual and also non-visual effects. In Europe and US the term “Human Centric Lighting” or abbreviated "HCL” was introduced, as a scientifically agreed concept on how to plan non-visual effects of artificial light in synergy with natural light. Older people, especially with neurological and psychological diseases can especially benefit from this lighting concept. However, in order to achieve the desired non-visual effects, certain conditions should be fulfilled. In Germany the DIN SPEC 67600 is a guideline for the design of biologically effective illumination, with examples for senior- and nursing homes. A goal of this evaluation was to check whether the recommendations of the specification DIN SPEC 67600 in three nursing homes were met and another goal was if effectiveness of the lighting on residents and nursing staff can be determined. Photometric measurements were taken and subjective perceived non-visual effects of light were surveyed using a questionnaire. Results: Although none of the three facilities met all the criteria of the DIN SPEC 67600 guidelines, non-visual lighting effects on residents and nursing staff could be detected. The results also indicate that careful attention should be paid on maintenance of HCL systems. The correct use of HCL solutions in homes for the elderly has opportunities to improve health status if the system is properly designed and maintained. Therefore next to the existing (non-visual) metrics and HCL design guidelines, guidelines for maintaining and regular inspections should be established.
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Blattner, Peter. „Present And Future Activities Of The International Commission On Illumination (CIE)“. Light & Engineering, Nr. 05-2020 (Oktober 2020): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-036.
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The article describes the main activities of the International Commission on Illumination in recent years. The most important publications are reflecting recent developments in lighting science and industry, including LED sources and luminaires test methods, fundamental recommendations concerning colorimetry, discomfort caused by glare from luminaires with a non-uniform luminance, as well as intelligent control of lighting systems. Human centric lighting and the non-visual effects of light on humans was highlighted. To promote standardization in the field of horticultural lighting the CIE is in the process of establishing a new JTC. In view of COVID‑19 pandemic outspread the use of germicidal UV radiation is of relevance to reduce both contact spread and airborne transmission of infectious agents. The CIE is responsible for worldwide standardization of the fundamentals, including metrology and vocabulary, as well as lighting education. The CIE considers it important to make digital products including validated calculation tools, apps, databases and machine-readable documents more available for many experts and it takes a step in this direction by provide open access to the individual CIE publications.
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Baumeister, David. „Derrida on Carnophallogocentrism and the Primal Parricide“. Derrida Today 10, Nr. 1 (Mai 2017): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drt.2017.0142.
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This article discusses the concept of carnophallogocentrism and its place in Derrida's philosophy of animality. I read Derrida's embryonic account of carnophallogocentrism in light of his treatment of the primal parricide of Freud's Totem and Taboo and suggest that opening this interpretive channel allows us to grasp how carnophallogocentrism can contribute to the history of ‘anthropo-centric subjectivity’ that Derrida diagnoses in The Animal That Therefore I Am. In conversation with recent commentators, I begin by characterizing carnophallogocentrism as the idea that a symbolic yet constitutive schema of ingestion underlies the relation between ‘man’ and ‘animal’. I then turn to Freud's image of the primal parricide and to Derrida's treatment of it in several texts. Given the strong structural parallels between carnophallogocentrism and the primal parricide – which figures human civilization as the historical product of a founding event of patriarchal violence and sacrificial ingestion – attending to Derrida's treatment of the primal parricide helps us fill out his view of carnophallogocentrism, and so better appreciate the breadth of his approach to the historical relation between humans and other animals.
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Desai, Drashti, und Pravin Shende. „Integration of Internet of Things with Quantum Dots: A State-of-the-art of Medicine“. Current Pharmaceutical Design 27, Nr. 17 (17.06.2021): 2068–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210222113740.
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Internet of Things (IoT) emerges as disruptive innovation and development in the fields of drug delivery and biomedical sciences using on-target active transportation, sensors, wearable devices, real-time diagnostics, etc. Semiconducting fluorescence emitting material, quantum dots on integration with IoT displayed interesting results in the healthcare sector, especially in hospitals and pathological laboratories. Presently, the integrated system is used to improve productivity without the interference of human and offer a cost-effective system. This integrated system can be used for the detection of various diseases like epilepsy, cancer, diabetes, etc., and various biomedical applications like energy storage, lights, sensor technology, light filters, etc. The integrated technology is implemented into the field of medicine for simplifying the approaches in therapeutics and diagnostic applications. The collected and analyzed data are further useful for healthcare professionals to find patient-centric solutions. Artificial Intelligence-aided IoT emerges as a novel technology for transmitting and securing health data. Despite some of the limitations like e-waste and the risk of hacking, an IoT-based QD system will be considered as a modern healthcare provider with life-saving products for enriching the medical quality and real-time accessibility.
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BHATTACHARYYA, KAPIL K. „Efficient Organization Management in the Indian Perspective“. Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 7 (31.01.2016): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v7i0.76.
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Human management has emerged as an important area of study in the new millennium. While the western ideas of human management are largely based on the tenet of maximum profit attainment, the Indian idea of human management has traditionally focused on the upbringing of both the individual and the organisation that he/ she serves. Unfortunately, management studies in India by and large still remains West-centric both in terms of theory and practice. This paper is a humble endeavour towards bringing to light the concept and nature of human management as envisaged in the Indian perspective, principally on the lines of Swami Vivekananda’s ideals of śraddhā, love, compassion, renunciation of power, tolerance, positive thinking and swahridayta. In doing so, the author has attempted to string together the views of Swami Vivekananda on the various aspects related to the subject of management as available from different sources and outline a broad framework for efficient organization management in the Indian perspective by connecting the concerned links. The author concludes with the observation that due importance needs to be given to the incorporation of Swami Vivekananda’s ideas in the academic syllabi of management studies as well as practical management matters in contemporary India.
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S. H., Ibrahim, Teo W.C. und Baharun A. „A Study on Suitable Habitat for Swiftlet Farming“. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 1, Nr. 1 (01.08.2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.67.2009.
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Swiftlet farming is a new industry in Sarawak as compared to other long-standing industries such as rubber, palm oil and timber. It is one of the businesses that involved a small capital investment that could generate enormous returns in the future. Swiftlet farming involves the conversion of human-centric building into structures for Swiftlet. The purpose of this conversion is to let Swiftlet for nesting and protect them. The design and construction of such building will also helps to accommodate Swiftlets' population. The nest of the Edible-nest Swiftlet rank amongst the world's most expensive animal products. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of bird nest, study of the suitable habitat for Swiftlet should be done thoroughly. Environmental factors such as air temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and light intensity are the key factors for a successful Swiftlet farm house. Internal air temperature of building should be maintained from 26°C to 35°C, relative humidity from 80% to 90%, low air velocity and light intensity less than 5 LUX. Proper ventilation and installation of a humidifier could help the building to achieve the desirable range of environment factors. Location of structure will also be considered from direct sunlight direction to reduce the internal temperature. Only licensed Swiftlet farming is legal.
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Anderson, Michael, Susan Leigh Anderson, Alkis Gounaris und George Kosteletos. „Towards Moral Machines: A Discussion with Michael Anderson and Susan Leigh Anderson“. Conatus 6, Nr. 1 (19.09.2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.26832.
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At the turn of the 21st century, Susan Leigh Anderson and Michael Anderson conceived and introduced the Machine Ethics research program, that aimed to highlight the requirements under which autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) systems could demonstrate ethical behavior guided by moral values, and at the same time to show that these values, as well as ethics in general, can be representable and computable. Today, the interaction between humans and AI entities is already part of our everyday lives; in the near future it is expected to play a key role in scientific research, medical practice, public administration, education and other fields of civic life. In view of this, the debate over the ethical behavior of machines is more crucial than ever and the search for answers, directions and regulations is imperative at an academic, institutional as well as at a technical level. Our discussion with the two inspirers and originators of Machine Ethics highlights the epistemological, metaphysical and ethical questions arising by this project, as well as the realistic and pragmatic demands that dominate artificial intelligence and robotics research programs. Most of all, however, it sheds light upon the contribution of Susan and Michael Anderson regarding the introduction and undertaking of a main objective related to the creation of ethical autonomous agents, that will not be based on the “imperfect” patterns of human behavior, or on preloaded hierarchical laws and human-centric values.
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Aranda Muñoz, Álvaro, Yvonne Eriksson, Yuji Yamamoto, Ulrika Florin und Kristian Sandström. „TO SUPPORT IOT COLLABORATIVE EXPRESSIVENESS ON THE SHOP FLOOR“. Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27.07.2021): 3149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.576.
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AbstractThe availability of new research for IoT support and the human-centric perspective of industry 4.0 opens a gap to support operators in unleashing their creativity so they can provide improvements opportunities with IoT technology. This paper presents a case-study carried out in four Swedish manufacturing companies, where four different workshops were facilitated to support operators in the conceptualization of manufacturing improvements with IoT technologies. The empirical material gathered during these workshops has been analyzed in five different reflective sessions and discussed in light of previous research from industry 4.0, operators, and IoT support. Results indicate that operators can collaboratively create conceptual IoT solutions and that expressiveness in communicating their ideas and needs using IoT technology is more relevant than technical aspects and details of their proposed IoT solutions. This technological expressiveness is identified as a necessary skill to be cultivated on the shop floor and can potentially contribute to making a more effective and socially sustainable industrial landscape in the future.
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Mohankumar, Shilpa, Gopalakrishna Madigondanahalli Thimmaiah, Naveena Chikkaguddaiah und Vishruth B. Gowda. „MODFAT: Moving Object Detection by Removing Shadow Based on Fuzzy Technique with an Adaptive Thresholding Method“. Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle 35, Nr. 2 (30.04.2021): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ria.350210.
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Nowadays, in this technology centric world, gadgets have become handy due to miniaturization. Especially cameras are widely used device for many aspects, one of the common applications is human behavior identification and intelligent video surveillance. In a such application moving object detection in complex dynamic scene is a tedious task due to various challenges such as occlusion, background illumination variation and shadow. Shadows are created in light occlusion in the object it has major impact in accurate object detection. In this paper, object detection with elimination of shadow is addressed. Many existing methods have failed in discriminating the actual moving object from shadow object very accurately. In order to overcome the limitations of existing methods, an improved fuzzy technique rule is used for shadow removal and an adaptive fuzzy thresholding is used for segmenting a foreground object in background. The proposed techniques are experimented with standard and our own datasets and also, it is compared with other existing approaches. Results of proposed method shows improved reliability.
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Ahmed, Muhammad Mash'hood. „Colonization of the world economy in the light of Testaments and the ideology of Muhammad (P.B.U.H)“. rahatulquloob 3, Nr. 2(2) (10.12.2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51411/rahat.3.2(2).2019.226.
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The purpose of this treatise is the study of globalization in pertinence with trade and Commerce, its roots and linkage with different countries in the modern age, and the critical observations, assessments and analysis made on it, in the light of testaments and the ideology of Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), relevant philosophies, moreover, this write up meant to bring into in the lime light and discussions how the thought and approach of the societies and the communities that had religious-centric approach for seeking solutions to their social & economical problems, was completely altered or at least impaired to a substantial degree. Modernization transformed the whole world, meanings of distances and relations were changed, and lifestyles of common peoples were given new shapes, business or working timings, as well as currencies were given totally different outfits, priorities and preferences got new specifications, and dimensions, subsequently new codes of customs and behaviors were devised. In the wake of modernization world witnessed a rampant revolution. The shift in priorities and preferences from religiouscentric to materialism, as well as acquisitiveness affected the overall moral, ethical and principled values, resultantly, inter-human relations and the social world was dressed with new kind of attires. This paper will be an attempt for helping us reaching and comprehending the vision and mindset, instrumental in selling the “slogan of globalization” and its impacts, cap-a-pie, on the society around the world in economic and religious respects before and after its application.
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Watson, Irene. „Universality“. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3, Nr. 1 (01.01.2010): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i1.55.
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This article explores the problem of universality and the historical exclusion and translation of Aboriginal perspectives within the context of human rights and social justice. Opinions based upon Aboriginal world views have been largely excluded from Australian mainstream society, and are generally absent for example in court decisions which refer to Aboriginal law, culture, and Aboriginality. In some instances anthropological evidence is given during court proceedings, but that evidence is still treated by Euro-centric perceptions. Translation is sometimes attempted, but it occurs across the expanse of a colonial history and as if Aboriginal culture was embedded and unaffected by the workings of colonialism. In the light of this, there is a need for an analysis of the impact of colonialism and its entrenched powers. But questions arise: to what extent can effective translations occur? How might they be determined, and what might they mean? And it is sure that the exclusion of Aboriginal community voices negates the possibility or capacity for any reliable translation of Aboriginal perspectives.
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Hoffman, Jessica M., Yang Lyu, Scott D. Pletcher und Daniel E. L. Promislow. „Proteomics and metabolomics in ageing research: from biomarkers to systems biology“. Essays in Biochemistry 61, Nr. 3 (11.07.2017): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20160083.
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Age is the single greatest risk factor for a wide range of diseases, and as the mean age of human populations grows steadily older, the impact of this risk factor grows as well. Laboratory studies on the basic biology of ageing have shed light on numerous genetic pathways that have strong effects on lifespan. However, we still do not know the degree to which the pathways that affect ageing in the lab also influence variation in rates of ageing and age-related disease in human populations. Similarly, despite considerable effort, we have yet to identify reliable and reproducible ‘biomarkers’, which are predictors of one’s biological as opposed to chronological age. One challenge lies in the enormous mechanistic distance between genotype and downstream ageing phenotypes. Here, we consider the power of studying ‘endophenotypes’ in the context of ageing. Endophenotypes are the various molecular domains that exist at intermediate levels of organization between the genotype and phenotype. We focus our attention specifically on proteins and metabolites. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling has the potential to help identify the underlying causal mechanisms that link genotype to phenotype. We present a brief review of proteomics and metabolomics in ageing research with a focus on the potential of a systems biology and network-centric perspective in geroscience. While network analyses to study ageing utilizing proteomics and metabolomics are in their infancy, they may be the powerful model needed to discover underlying biological processes that influence natural variation in ageing, age-related disease, and longevity.
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Aggarwal, Pravesh, und Rupesh Aggarwal. „Examining perspectives and dimensions of clean development mechanism“. International Journal of Law and Management 59, Nr. 1 (13.02.2017): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2015-0050.
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Purpose This paper aims to critically evaluate the working of the clean development mechanism (CDM) particularly in developing and least developed countries in the light of recent developments. Design/methodology/approach Part I of the paper delves upon various international rules governing the CDM. Part II of the paper draws out the rationale behind the introduction of the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol so as to provide a basis for its critical assessment in actual practice, as dealt with in Part III. Finally, the paper makes a concluding remark and suggests a way forward. Findings It is submitted that the CDM suffers from a gamut of concerns, which need to be adequately addressed. The business-centric approach followed by the investors of CDM projects has been a major reason behind denial of social, economic and environmental benefits pertinent for attaining sustainable development in the developing countries. The urge to derive economic benefits resulting from their investment has made the developing countries more competitive but turn a blind eye to reduced standards maintained for sustainable development. Besides, long-term benefits arising out of such projects, along with greater public participation of local stakeholders in CDM activities, have usually taken a backseat. A need is there to involve the CDM in the agricultural sector, which would have long-term benefits. Besides, it is required to enhance local stakeholder consultation, which ensures that people affected by a CDM project can give a timely, meaningful input to a proposed project. In the 80th meeting of the CDM Executive Board, held in Bonn, it was further decided that the complaints of the local stakeholders shall be given effect through subsequent changes in the project design of the CDM pipeline, along with their consultation before the real start of the project. Greater participation will also be ensured through increased publically available data on CDM projects. Originality/value The paper is original and brings out some valuable suggestions to improve the working of the CDM.
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Moorthy, Ravichandran, Sivapalan Selvadurai, Sarjit S. Gill und Angelina Gurunathan. „Sustainable Societal Peace through the Integration of Bioethics Principles and Value-Based Education“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 6 (16.03.2021): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063266.
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We live in a world where hatred and conflicts divide individuals, society, and countries. Although all faith systems and school curriculums emphasize some degree of peaceful co-existence, love, and compassion, the real-world situation is indeed abysmal. How can a naturalistic and altruistic logic of bioethics enhance divine and human-centric values in enabling social cohesion? As such, this paper proposes the integration of bioethics and value-based education principles into the education curriculum to help mitigate social conflicts and promote harmony in society. By employing conceptual and theoretical reviews, the paper attempts to shed light on how these principles can help to mitigate hatred and conflicts in society. Further, through matrix analysis, the study shows the relationships between the four main bioethics principles, respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice, and the values expounded in value-based education. The study finds that by integrating bioethics principles into value-based education, learners are able to internalize the values of social cohesion and tolerance, and reflect these values in their learning experiences. Bioethics principles amplify the expressions of values promoted in value-based education, and this, in turn, motivates the learners to change from social conflict behaviors to social cohesion aptitude while dealing with others in society. Social cohesion enables individuals and groups to develop social bonds and societal peace ownership.
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Rowse, Elizabeth G., Stephen Harris und Gareth Jones. „Effects of dimming light-emitting diode street lights on light-opportunistic and light-averse bats in suburban habitats“. Royal Society Open Science 5, Nr. 6 (Juni 2018): 180205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180205.
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Emerging lighting technologies provide opportunities for reducing carbon footprints, and for biodiversity conservation. In addition to installing light-emitting diode street lights, many local authorities are also dimming street lights. This might benefit light-averse bat species by creating dark refuges for these bats to forage and commute in human-dominated habitats. We conducted a field experiment to determine how light intensity affects the activity of the light-opportunistic Pipistrellus pipistrellus and light-averse bats in the genus Myotis. We used four lighting levels controlled under a central management system at existing street lights in a suburban environment (0, 25, 50 and 100% of the original output). Higher light intensities (50 and 100% of original output) increased the activity of light-opportunistic species but reduced the activity of light-averse bats. Compared to the unlit treatment, the 25% lighting level did not significantly affect either P. pipistrellus or Myotis spp. Our results suggest that it is possible to achieve a light intensity that provides both economic and ecological benefits by providing sufficient light for human requirements while not deterring light-averse bats.
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Litzinger, Ralph, und Fan Yang. „Eco-media Events in China“. Environmental Humanities 12, Nr. 1 (01.05.2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-8142187.
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Abstract This article brings together recent writing on eco-media, media materialism, and racialized Otherness to rethink the place of China and Asia in debates about the Anthropocene. We begin by examining the nonwhite postapocalyptic futures imagined in Bong Joon-ho’s sci-fi film Snowpiercer and argue that the film problematizes a persistent Western-centric bias in both the environmental humanities and the literature on media materialism. Inspired by the metaphoric power of Kronon, the industrial-waste-turned-explosive in Snowpiercer, we theorize the instantaneously mediated and circulated chemical dust explosions in Kunshan and Tianjin in 2014–15 as eco-media events—that is, spectacular and ephemeral moments in which the material processes of digital production link the old forms of resource extraction with our new lives of electronic gadgetry and media tool dependency. Writing against the discourse of Yellow Eco-peril, which depicts such events (in both academic and journalistic writings) through a racialized Eco-Otherness, we offer a counter-politics to reconnect mainland China to the very systems of globalized production and consumption—the deep earth mining, the slow violence of black lung disease, the factory work, the digital consumption practices—that have propelled and intensified the country’s stupendous development as well as its ecological challenges. We find new work on eco-media and media materialism most productive, as it sheds light on three closely intertwined dimensions of eco-media events: time, body, and matter. Probing the deep entanglements between the human and the nonhuman, a critical engagement with these events presents new possibilities to think anew environmental humanities in China, across Asia, and globally.
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Kanapeckaitė, Austė, und Neringa Burokienė. „Insights into therapeutic targets and biomarkers using integrated multi-‘omics’ approaches for dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies“. Integrative Biology 13, Nr. 5 (Mai 2021): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intbio/zyab007.
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Abstract At present, heart failure (HF) treatment only targets the symptoms based on the left ventricle dysfunction severity; however, the lack of systemic ‘omics’ studies and available biological data to uncover the heterogeneous underlying mechanisms signifies the need to shift the analytical paradigm towards network-centric and data mining approaches. This study, for the first time, aimed to investigate how bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing as well as the proteomics analysis of the human heart tissue can be integrated to uncover HF-specific networks and potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers. We also aimed to address the issue of dealing with a limited number of samples and to show how appropriate statistical models, enrichment with other datasets as well as machine learning-guided analysis can aid in such cases. Furthermore, we elucidated specific gene expression profiles using transcriptomic and mined data from public databases. This was achieved using the two-step machine learning algorithm to predict the likelihood of the therapeutic target or biomarker tractability based on a novel scoring system, which has also been introduced in this study. The described methodology could be very useful for the target or biomarker selection and evaluation during the pre-clinical therapeutics development stage as well as disease progression monitoring. In addition, the present study sheds new light into the complex aetiology of HF, differentiating between subtle changes in dilated cardiomyopathies (DCs) and ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICs) on the single cell, proteome and whole transcriptome level, demonstrating that HF might be dependent on the involvement of not only the cardiomyocytes but also on other cell populations. Identified tissue remodelling and inflammatory processes can be beneficial when selecting targeted pharmacological management for DCs or ICs, respectively.
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Anagnostou, Evangelos, Vasiliki Skarlatou, Thomas Mergner und Dimitri Anastasopoulos. „Idiothetic signal processing and spatial orientation in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis“. Journal of Neurophysiology 120, Nr. 3 (01.09.2018): 1256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00016.2018.
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The role of the hippocampus in spatial navigation and the presence of vestibular-responsive neurons in limbic areas are well-established from animal experiments. However, hippocampal spatial processing in humans is not fully understood. Here, we employed real whole body and head-on-trunk rotations to investigate how vestibular signals, either alone or in combination with neck-proprioceptive stimulation, shape the spatial frame of reference in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Patients were asked to point in darkness with a light spot, moved on a cylindrical screen by means of a joystick, into their visual straight-ahead direction (VSA), to remember this direction in space, and to revert back to this point after the rotations. Estimates in patients with HS were compared with those of healthy controls and of patients with epilepsy without hippocampal involvement. All groups produced similar errors after low-frequency vestibular stimuli. These errors were eliminated when rotations involved concurrent neck stimulation. Significantly increased variability was observed, however, in both the VSA and reposition estimates after the rotations in patients with HS compared with controls. These results suggest that cognitive processing of idiothetic signals for self-motion perception is inaccurate in patients with HS. Importantly, however, the responses of patients with HS showed no spatial lateralization with regard to right or left HS, suggesting that the underlying neuronal loss attenuates the precision of head-direction signal decoding in a nondirectional manner. Hence, patients are unable to use these signals as efficiently as normal subjects in the construction of a stable head-centric spatial frame of reference. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Spatial perception relies on combined processing of various idiothetic (vestibular and proprioceptive) and allothetic (visual and auditory) sensory signals. Despite the established knowledge of rodent vestibular-hippocampal interactions, human data are lacking. We investigated idiothetic orientational processing in subjects with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis using various combinations of vestibular and proprioceptive stimuli. Hippocampal impairment leads to less accurate, noisy decoding of the signal related to idiothetic orientation. However, patients did not show any lateralized deficits of visual straight-ahead perception or of target/self-displacement perception after idiothetic stimulation.
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Smith, George T. H., Nicholas A. P. Brown und G. Adrien Shun-Shin. „Light scatter from the central human cornea“. Eye 4, Nr. 4 (Juli 1990): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1990.81.
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Ponjavic, Zoran, und Dusica Palackovic. „Right to anonymous childbirth“. Stanovnistvo 55, Nr. 1 (2017): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv170703002p.
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In this paper, the authors present the institute of anonymous childbirth which is not regulated by the Republic of Serbia positive laws, but it is in a small number of other European countries. Contrary to the usual review of this issue, through the prism of the child?s right to know its origin, which has become the usual way of reviewing any question from the domain of paedo-centric family law, the authors hereby attempt to shed the light from another angle ? the right of woman (mother) to a private life and the right of a child to be born in medically accepted conditions, which is the interest of the society as a whole. The authors also point out to the possibility of positive demographic effects of introducing this institute which have been the case in the countries which regulate this matter. The arguments in favor of introducing this institute can be found both in comparative law and in the practice of European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg whose rulings reshape the legislation of European countries, thus actually becoming the sources of law. There is an example from French legislation, which, according to the Court?s opinion, established a fair balance between conflicted rights and interests, which was the key point for reaching the famous decision in the case Odi?vre v. France. This decision set a precedent for the following rulings in similar cases, which proved that this decision was not incidental, but represented a long-term orientation of this Court in solving similar cases. In concluding remarks, the authors emphasize that introduction of this institute into Serbian legislation would not mean complete exclusion of the child?s right to know the facts related to his origin, which today is the key argument against its introduction. In any case, this regulation would represent a more advanced solution from the point of view of child?s protection if compared to some that already exist in Republic of Serbia positive law, which completely prevent a child to learn the facts of his origin.
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Kourantidou, Melina, Ross N. Cuthbert, Phillip J. Haubrock, Ana Novoa, Nigel G. Taylor, Boris Leroy, César Capinha et al. „Economic costs of invasive alien species in the Mediterranean basin“. NeoBiota 67 (29.07.2021): 427–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.58926.
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Invasive alien species (IAS) negatively impact the environment and undermine human well-being, often resulting in considerable economic costs. The Mediterranean basin is a culturally, socially and economically diverse region, harbouring many IAS that threaten economic and societal integrity in multiple ways. This paper is the first attempt to collectively quantify the reported economic costs of IAS in the Mediterranean basin, across a range of taxonomic, temporal and spatial descriptors. We identify correlates of costs from invasion damages and management expenditures among key socioeconomic variables, and determine network structures that link countries and invasive taxonomic groups. The total reported invasion costs in the Mediterranean basin amounted to $27.3 billion, or $3.6 billion when only realised costs were considered, and were found to have occurred over the last three decades. Our understanding of costs of invasions in the Mediterranean was largely limited to a few, primarily western European countries and to terrestrial ecosystems, despite the known presence of numerous high-impact aquatic invasive taxa. The vast majority of costs were attributed to damages or losses from invasions ($25.2 billion) and were mostly driven by France, Spain and to a lesser extent Italy and Libya, with significantly fewer costs attributed to management expenditure ($1.7 billion). Overall, invasion costs increased through time, with average annual costs between 1990 and 2017 estimated at $975.5 million. The lack of information from a large proportion of Mediterranean countries, reflected in the spatial and taxonomic connectivity analysis and the relationship of costs with socioeconomic variables, highlights the limits of the available data and the research effort needed to improve a collective understanding of the different facets of the costs of biological invasions. Our analysis of the reported costs associated with invasions in the Mediterranean sheds light on key knowledge gaps and provides a baseline for a Mediterranean-centric approach towards building policies and designing coordinated responses. In turn, these could help reach socially desirable outcomes and efficient use of resources invested in invasive species research and management.
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Leśniak, Kamila. „The Family of Man in Poland: An Exhibition as a Democratic Space?“ Ikonotheka 26 (26.06.2017): 213–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1679.
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The exhibition entitled The Family of Man, which was designed by Edward Steichen and presented for the fi rst time in 1955 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, belongs to the most famous and most controversial photographic expositions of the 20th century. Usually perceived in the light of the anachronistic, West-centric vision of humanism, i.e. as an embodiment of Modernist views on photography, it constitutes a good example of the museum’s infl uence as a Modernist “social instrument”. However, contemporary theories in exhibition studies offer a more complex interpretation. The present work provides insight into this process by referring to the views of Mieke Bal (on the “cinematic effect” of photographic exhibitions, the narrative and relational aspect of expositions), Fred Turner (on the space of an avant-garde exhibition as the realisation of the political and social idea of a “democratic personality”) and Ariella Azoulay (on exhibition space as a “visual declaration of human rights” and the fi eld for a “photographic social contract”). The primary aim of the present article is to set The Family of Man within the framework of Polish exhibition practices. The complex origins of the American project can be traced back to avant-garde experiments with exhibition space conducted in the Bauhaus movement and in Soviet Constructivism (the psychology of perception, “photo-murals”); the analysis focuses on the political and propagandistic aspects. An analysis of the above issues provides the starting point for considering the signifi cance and probable reception of the exhibition’s spatial arrangement in the milieu of Polish architects and designers as well as its Polish variant as prepared by Stanisław Zamecznik and Wojciech Fangor. It was therefore useful to refer to Oskar Hansen and his theory of Open Form, as he cooperated with Zamecznik and Fangor at the time. Models of avant-garde and Modernist “utopian thinking” are juxtaposed, thus making it possible to perceive the process of reception in the light of its effectiveness. The article also discusses The Family of Man as a model for projects with propaganda undertones, i.e. the so-called “problem-oriented exhibitions”. It mentions attempts at adapting Steichen’s design of exhibition space to the needs of the offi cial narrative in the People’s Republic of Poland. Finally, it uncovers the ambivalent nature of the infl uence of The Family of Man and the dual status of the exhibition as both a propagandistic project and as an anti-systemic space supporting the ideal of a creative, free individual.
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Bansal, Aditya, Yogesh Kumar, Neetu Jindal, Renu Aggarwal und Somya Jain. „Evaluation of Rise in Pulp Chamber Temperature after Activation with Different Curing Lights on Bleached Teeth–An In Vitro Study“. Dental Journal of Advance Studies 8, Nr. 03 (12.07.2020): 080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713693.
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Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to evaluate rise in pulp chamber temperature after activation with different curing lights on bleached teeth in an in vitro study. The present study is an in vitro study with a sample size of 100. A total of 100 human extracted maxillary central and lateral incisors were collected and then randomly assigned into one control group and four experimental groups (n = 20). Material and Methods As many as 100 freshly extracted noncarious human maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth were used in this study. The access opening of all 100 samples were done to facilitate access to the pulp chambers for measuring the temperature. The samples were embedded into the additional silicone model, and uniform distance of 5 mm from tooth surface was taken for gel activation using different curing lights (LED, QTH, plasma arc, diode laser). The temperature inside the pulp chamber was measured using digital infrared thermometer. Infrared light of infrared thermometer was put on pulp chamber before the bleaching gel application (T0) 1 minute after bleaching gel application (T1). Later, there was changing of color of bleaching gel from dark red into green color when activated with different curing lights (T2). Statistical Analysis The temperature data obtained were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s tests. Significance level was set at 5% for all analyses. Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) values of rise in pulp chamber temperature after activation with different light sources were Group II (LED) 0.5 ± 0.466, Group III (QTH) 0.775 ± 0.229, Group IV (plasma arc) 1.26 ± 0.690, and Group V (diode laser) 1.355 ± 0.452. Conclusion Compared with other light-curing units, LED group induced lowest rise in pulp chamber temperature. Whereas, bleaching without light activation does not induce rise in pulp chamber temperature.
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Cupkova, Dominika, Erik Kajati, Jozef Mocnej, Peter Papcun, Jiri Koziorek und Iveta Zolotova. „Intelligent human-centric lighting for mental wellbeing improvement“. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, Nr. 9 (September 2019): 155014771987587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719875878.
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In recent years, the main area of interest in the issue of influencing mental states of people is the impact of lighting on human beings, their wellbeing but also workplace productivity. This work discusses in detail the problem of positively influencing people using intelligent technologies, especially the role of the colors. We describe techniques and technologies needed to implement the case study of an intelligent lighting system. The system proposed can detect humans from an IP camera, find faces, and detect emotion. The main aim is to adjust the lights accordingly to the emotional result to improve the mood of people while taking into consideration the principles of color psychology and daytime. We have evaluated our case study solution in a real-world environment and collected the feedback from participants in the form of a questionnaire. Evaluation of participants’ wellbeing was based on their subjective statements. There were several ideas on further functionality extension which needs to be explored. Among them is including wearable devices to the proposed system, validate the emotional results according to them, but also determine the impact of an increasing number of users interacting with the system at the same time.