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Parkinson, Dwight. „Early history of human anatomy“. Surgical Neurology 24, Nr. 3 (September 1985): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(85)90044-8.
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KA, Bugaevsky. „Human Anatomy and its History in the Reflection of Philocarty and Philately“. Journal of Human Anatomy 7, Nr. 1 (20.02.2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000164.
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This article presents the results of a study devoted to the reflection of information on the history of anatomy in philocard and philately. As illustrative materials, postal and art cards (philocation), postage stamps, blocks and envelopes (philately) are presented, to which the accompanying information is given. Due to the fact that the reflection of anatomy, as a medical science, its heroes, and its history on postage and art cards is very rare, the criterion for selection was to find all possible and available copies devoted to anatomy and its history on professional websites of collectors of philatelic and philocartistic materials. Many of the postal and art cards, where possible, are presented on both sides, obverse and reverse, which confirms the authenticity of the copies presented. All of the illustrative materials in the article, presented as screenshots, are properly referenced, in order to respect all copyrights, with the obligatory indication of where they were taken from. Almost all illustrative materials and references to historical data and events presented are taken, with the active use of Internet resources.
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Thompson, H. „Book Review: Early History of Human Anatomy“. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, Nr. 1 (Januar 1987): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688708000144.
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KA, Bugaevsky. „History of the Evolution of Human Anatomy Textbooks and Atlases, from Antiquity to the Present Day“. Journal of Human Anatomy 7, Nr. 1 (20.02.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000166.
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This article presents information, accompanied by many illustrations, thematically about the history and evolution of human anatomy textbooks and atlases, from antiquity to the present day. The textual information of the materials of the study conducted by the author of this article is rich and abundant, with scans-illustrations of many anatomy textbooks and atlases, from different historical periods and by different authors, from many countries of the world - both in black and white and in color. This research work will be the first of a series of similar works of the author, devoted to the history of development and formation of the science of both normal and pathological human anatomy.
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George, Reena, und Shefali Mathew. „Anatomy lessons“. Christian Journal for Global Health 4, Nr. 3 (23.10.2017): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v4i3.198.
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The microcosm of the human body, like the great rhythm of the universe, is silent, intricate, delicately balanced. Anatomy supports Physiology as organs and tissues connect, communicate and nourish life. In illness, they speak through the patient's history. Even in this era of cutting-edge technology, the clinical history remains the foundation of palliative and patient centred care. In listening to Anatomy speak, we understand how and where the body hurts. In health and infirmity, may we also marvel at the human form we touch and inhabit - so carefully, fearfully and wonderfully made.
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KA, Bugaevsky. „History of Anatomy in the Reflection of Collecting Media“. Journal of Human Anatomy 5, Nr. 1 (26.01.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000154.
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The article presents the materials of the study devoted to the reflection in the means of collecting, information about the contribution to the anatomical study of the human body, by famous scientists-anatomists, both antiquity and modernity, Such as Avicenna, Ibn al-Nafiz, Andrei Vesalius, William Garvey, Ambroise Paré, Giovanni Baptista Morgagni, Miguel Servet, Gabriel Fallopius, Bartolomeo Eustachio, Leonardo da Vinci, Jan Yesenius, John Hunter, Ales Hrdlichka of the past and a number of others, in the reflection of various means of philately and numismatics. All these scientists made a significant contribution to the development and formation of anatomy as a basic medical science, but were also the founders of a number of related medical disciplines, such as pathological anatomy, operative surgery and topographic anatomy, forensic medical examination. The tools, techniques and techniques developed by them for the autopsy of corpses and the preparation of various parts of the body of deceased people, all the practical experience they have gained, are still actively used in modern anatomy and medicine. It is not surprising that the memory of these great scientists, anatomists and doctors is reflected in a number of types of modern collecting, in particular such as philately and numismatics. The article is illustrated with images of postage stamps, envelopes, postal blocks, commemorative medals and tokens of different countries and years of issue, their description and additional information is given.
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Luesink, David. „Anatomy and the Reconfiguration of Life and Death in Republican China“. Journal of Asian Studies 76, Nr. 4 (23.10.2017): 1009–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000845.
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This article argues that the establishment of anatomo-power in China preceded and set the foundation for biopower. Anatomo-power is disciplinary power over live bodies in the military, schools, and hospitals, but also the power of the medical profession over dead bodies to investigate pathology through dissection. At the turn of the twentieth century, Chinese conceptions of political anatomy were used to advocate anatomical knowledge, and an anatomy law in 1913 made routinized dissection possible. Chinese society began to be transformed as old taboos were broken, and thousands of new terms allowed the scientific worldview to take root among professionals and the public. Anatomical researchers addressed both microscopic pathology to cure individuals and macroscopic questions that grouped individuals into a population to be managed, or that sought data to tell new narratives about the origins and future of humanity—a new political anatomy based on the practice of human dissection.
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Ekanayake-Weber, Marcy. „Towards Teaching a Humanistic Anatomy: Confronting Racism in Human Anatomy Courses“. Teaching Anthropology 13, Nr. 1 (11.06.2024): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22582/ta.v13i1.712.
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Historically, the study of human anatomy has had a very complex relationship with race and racism in the United States. Today, BIPOC students are disproportionately excluded from the health sciences, in part because anatomy courses play the role of “gatekeepers” for the health professions. Anatomy instructors–including biological anthropologists teaching anatomy-may passively support white supremacy in science and medicine by ignoring anatomy’s problematic history and by teaching in outdated, exclusionary ways, rather than using anatomy courses as opportunities to provide insight into structural racism and support the success of students who identify as Black, Indigenous, and/or a Person of Color (BIPOC). The objectives of this work were to 1) uncover how latent racism in anatomy and anatomy education may be contributing to marginalized students’ exclusion from health care careers, and 2) offer recommendations which will promote the success of BIPOC health sciences students and produce antiracist healthcare practitioners of all identities. Historical, anthropological, and critical pedagogical analysis of anatomy education was conducted. Paolo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed (2018) was used as a theoretical framework for dissecting the ways in which the traditional pedagogy of anatomy may be particularly exclusionary for BIPOC students in the US. Pedagogical recommendations and recent case studies were collected from the academic literature. Anatomy instructors and medical schools are encouraged to develop a new, humanistic way of teaching anatomy, which requires extensive changes to the anatomy curriculum. Five categories of reform are recommended: improving pedagogical training for anatomy instructors, reconsidering course organization and modalities, emphasizing variation, implementing culturally-responsive teaching and improving culture, and including history in the anatomy curriculum.
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Corte-Real, Ana. „Orofacial Anatomy Discrepancies and Human Identification—An Education Forensic Approach“. Anatomia 1, Nr. 2 (03.11.2022): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/anatomia1020017.
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The objectives of this study were to identify and correlate orofacial anatomy discrepancies as biometric data and the impact of its rehabilitation as an educational, forensic approach to human identification. An observational and retrospective cohort study was performed on cephalography and photographic exams of a clinical database. The clinical reports were randomly selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, reviewed, and interpreted according to the anatomical features. The anatomic features analyzed for human identification compare pre- and post-medical intervention data. The challenging anatomical area was the lower one-third of the face. In an extreme forensic condition, identification should consider the medical history for a positive and accurate conclusion.
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Singh, Rajani. „History of anatomy and its involvement with medical science and practice: Historical review“. Anatomy Journal of Africa 12, Nr. 2 (17.08.2023): 2340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v12i2.2.
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The medical practice starts from Patient’s discomfort in his body structures due to distortion in morphology. This is located and examined by clinician so, medical practice and Anatomical knowledge are hand and gloves with each other. It is evident from history of Anatomy that Anatomy has been discovered by practicing physicians and surgeons. That clearly indicate that they could make the medical practice only after exploring the Anatomy. The source of knowledge of Anatomy were animal or human being as is evident from this review. The medical practice might have been started from evolution of human-being. Earlier some people were exploring the herbal medicine on the results of experiments on themselves for the effect of these medicines to treat their own discomforts. When it shewed the impact, they chose it to treat others for the same discomfort. That time they might not be knowing Anatomy but it was an empirical result. As the location of discomforts was associated with remedy so, this might have involved Anatomy. History of clinical practice and thereby Anatomy is as old as 1600BC. Earliar the people experimented on animals and then on cadavers and executed criminals. Then came different Anatomical Laws governing the use of cadavers. Now, current scenario is that there is lack of cadevers all over the world. To compensate for this, new methods including anatomage table, models and charts have been used to teach anatomy. But these novel methods can only supplement and cannot replace cadaveric dissections. It is very essential to know how Anatomy evolved and took present shape. This encouraged the author to review history of Anatomy and correlate with the simultaneously running clinical practice. The development of Anatomy has been presented along with its advancement with development of science and technology involved with medical education and clinical practice. Thus, Anatomy is not merely an academic subject in medical education rather Anatomy is needed to grasp all the subjects of medical education used to develop clinical skill for clinical practice. This has also been supported by history of Anatomy as all other subjects of medical education evolved from Anatomy. The interwoven interrelations between these subjects with clinical practice are essential as revealed by history of Anatomy to analyse the diagnosis and treatment.
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Galassi, Francesco M., und Raffaella Bianucci. „Special Monographic Issue on the History of Human Anatomy and the Anatomical Bases of Palaeopathology“. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 126, Nr. 1 (20.09.2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ijae-13918.
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It is our distinguished pleasure to introduce this special monographic issue of the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology dedicated to the topics of the history of the anatomical sciences and the morphological bases of palaeopathological studies. These two branches of human anatomy, though deemed interesting and relevant to the field by a large number of scholars worldwide, are too often neglected or not developed into a self-standing, productive field of research and teaching, especially in Italy. This is particularly sad and detrimental if one considers that human anatomy was reborn in Italy after centuries of intellectual stagnation first at Bologna thanks to the teaching of the Mediaeval scholar Mondino de’ Liuzzi and later, during the Renaissance, owing to the interest showed by artists in the correct representation of human morphology and bodily proportions.
This shows how rediscovering the discipline’s history inevitably leads its students to the realisation of the existence of an interplay between the figurative arts and the study of the human body, a bond which until the late 19th century was perceived as evident, self-explanatory and indissoluble. Moreover, it was precisely in that century that, from the anatomical discipline and its sub-branch osteology, stemmed biological anthropology, a subject which, now greatly enriched by biomolecular studies and by the assessment of mummified human remains, can help us discover the antiquity of humankind, its evolution as much as that of the diseases that characterised its historical path, a field traditionally called “palaeopathology”.
In this collection of contributions encompassing all of the aforementioned areas of research and anatomical knowledge, we aim to stimulate our colleagues and students to rediscover the importance of these topics and to develop them into a higher research platform capable of bridging the so-called hard biomedical sciences and the humanities.
Finally, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to Professor Domenico Ribatti, the journal’s editorial board and the Società Italiana di Anatomia e Istologia for kindly accepting our proposal and for the invaluable support they gave us throughout the editorial process. In addition, we would like to thank all the contributors and anonymous reviewers who have made this issue possible.
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T. V. Khmara und B. H. Makar. „Anatomical museum as one of the clues of the mystery of the human body“. Bukovinian Medical Herald 17, Nr. 2 (66) (02.05.2013): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xvii.2.66.2013.109.
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The paper deals with the history of the development of the anatomical museum of the Department of Human Anatomy named after M.H. Turkevych of Bukovinian State Medical University since the time of the foundation to our days. It has been shown that the development of the anatomical museum is inseparably connected with the organization of the material-technical base of the Department of Human Anatomy and the growth of the scientific potential of the Department staff. The value of the anatomical museum has been corroborated in training future professional doctors and researchers brought up on the best traditions and examples of the history of the Department of Human Anatomy named after M.H. Turkevych and scientific-methodological achievements of its scientific associates.
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Letícia Iega, Santana, Buchaim Daniela Vieira, Hamzé Abdul Latif, Bertoni Reis Carlos Henrique, de Souza Bueno Cleuber Rodrigo, de Marchi Miguel Ângelo, Pomini Karina Torres und Buchaim Rogério Leone. „The History of Anatomy, its importance and new trends in the teaching/learning process“. Archives of Anatomy and Physiology 7, Nr. 1 (19.01.2022): 001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/aap.000018.
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Anatomy, in its broadest concept, is the science that studies the development and constitution of living beings. The study of human anatomy becomes mandatory for all courses in the Health Area since its understanding is fundamental for understanding the physiology and pathological processes that affect the human being. Some strategies such as Youtube videos, digital tables such as Anatomage, synthetic pieces and body painting were created to facilitate and socialize access to such information. The main objective of this short communication was to integrate the knowledge obtained through the survey of the History of Anatomy with the current trends of new teaching methodologies, which can help in learning but cannot replace the use of natural parts such as corpses.
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Bribiescas, Richard G. „Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male“. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 116, S33 (2001): 148–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10025.
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Koertvelyessy, Tibor. „Human biology and history“. American Journal of Human Biology 16, Nr. 1 (2003): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10222.
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Kubicki, Janusz. „The history of greatest anatomical discoveries“. Medical Science Pulse 9, Nr. 1 (30.03.2015): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0003.3191.
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21st century medicine is an empirical and best developing study in each of its fields. Based on the experience and discoveries conducted by researchers throughout its rich history, contemporary medicine relies on pure facts. Hippocrates was the father of human anatomy and medical backgrounds. He described the body fluids, the heart and some other internal organs. One of the most prominent researchers in the field of anatomy was also a Roman physician – Galen. He described the heart anatomy and the cardiovascular system in details. However, the biggest contribution to the heart examination was done by a medical specialist from London – William Harvey. It was him, who discovered the pumping work of the organ, not the sucking one, as it was previously believed. Simultaneously, the examinations on anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs were carried out, which can be found in the Egyptian papyrus from Kahun and the Ebers papyrus. Not only Hippocrates was engaged in the studies, but the greatest ancient obstetrician Soranus of Ephezus, as well. Further anatomical discoveries included the description of the role of oviducts (Fallopian tubes) by Gabrielle Falloppio, the ovarian follicle by Graaf and the bone structure of the pelvis, which was considered to be the most essential during labour (William Smellie, Gustaw Michaelis, Theodor Litzmann).
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Svitlytskyi, A. O., A. V. Cherniavskyi und Yu Yu Abrosimov. „Eponyms in the human heart anatomy“. Morphologia 15, Nr. 3 (25.12.2021): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.3.213-219.
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The present time is characterized by an increase in the pace of life, and medicine is no exception. Often, when analyzing the medical literature, specialists are faced with the fact that in different publications almost the same structure has a different name, which causes misunderstanding among specialists in various medical fields. This is especially true for clinicians who use the convenient anatomical names of fundamental scientists such as morphologists. As these names, terms from the International Anatomical Nomenclature are used, along with which, especially in clinical anatomy and medicine, eponymous names are accepted. The use of the latter can also be misunderstood, because eponyms are absent in modern anatomical terminology. However, additional knowledge of eponyms, along with common terms, gives the opportunity to look into the past and honor the memory of those who first described the structures. The paper attempts to systematize the names - eponyms of human heart structures. The need for such work exists because many structures have several eponymous names. In addition, if you arrange the terms in the chronological order of their occurrence, you can trace the main stages in the history of the human heart study. Despite the large number of eponymous names for the same structure and the doubtful attribution of some authors, the work lists only the most common eponyms in domestic and foreign literature, about the origin and authors of which reliable information was found. In 1955, at the IV International Congress of Anatomists in Paris (Paris Anatomical Nomenclature, PNA), eponymous names were excluded from the terminology. There are a number of objective reasons for this, but at the same time, the main function of eponyms is lost - the preservation and transmission to descendants the memory of major figures of medical science who made a significant contribution to its development. Therefore, despite the exclusion of eponyms from the official terminology, these terms are widely used today both at the departments of universities in the world, and in clinical literature and practice.
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George, Alys X. „Anatomy for All: Medical Knowledge on the Fairground inFin-de-SiècleVienna“. Central European History 51, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2018): 535–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938918000729.
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AbstractRecent scholarship on the history of science and medicine has begun to consider the diversity of sites, markets, and audiences for scientific knowledge. This article investigates a single publicly accessible location: Vienna's Prater park. At a time when the Second Vienna Medical School led the world in anatomy and pathology, two case studies demonstrate how knowledge about human anatomy entered thefin-de-siècleViennese public sphere in a noninstitutional setting. Josef Hyrtl, an anatomist, and Hermann Präuscher, a showman, employed targeted marketing strategies for their anatomical preparations to facilitate the circulation of anatomical knowledge among the socially diverse audiences that congregated on the fairground. Examining how anatomy was visualized and discursively constructed, alongside questions of site, accessibility, and audience response, sheds light on a pivotal historical moment when the meaning of the human body was undergoing significant transformation in Austrian society.
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Mazengenya, Pedzisai, und Rashid Bhikha. „A critique on Avicennas (980 1037 A.D) studies on anatomy of the upper respiratory system and some otorhinolaryngologic concepts“. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 16, Nr. 2 (23.03.2017): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v16i2.29422.
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Background: Avicenna (also known as Ibn Sina) was arguably one of the outstanding medical scientists and physicians of the time. He made significant contributions in the development of various medical fields in the golden age of Islamic medicine (9-12th century AD) and in Europe. Ibn Sina contributed immensely to human anatomy, physiology, pathology and management of most disorders of the human body. Of paramount importance was the systemic description of the anatomy of various organs and surgical interventions associated with the problems. Although neither formal dissection nor surgical training was recorded during his time, the anatomic and surgical information presented in the Canon of Medicine is congruent with modern advancement. The current study was undertaken to compare Avicennas anatomy of the ear, nose, oral cavity, throat and larynx to modern anatomical texts.Methods: The current work analysed the anatomy information on the ear, nose, oral cavity, throat and the larynx as presented in volumes one and three of the Canon of Medicine. The information was compared to modern anatomic descriptions.Results: Avicenna described correctly the anatomy and functions of the external and internal ear, nose, oral cavity, parts of the throat and larynx. He described voice production in the larynx and subsequent contributions on the nose, uvula and tongue in shaping the syllables. The functional aspects, disorders and their management associated with the ear and the upper respiratory system were also described.Conclusions: The findings show that Ibn Sinas contributions had a major influence on the development and advancement of medical practise. His anatomic explanations are comparable to modern knowledge on the subject. They also show that the Canon of Medicine is still a valuable book in the study of the history of medicine.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(2) 2017 p.188-193
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Schmidtz, David. „AN ANATOMY OF CORRUPTION“. Social Philosophy and Policy 35, Nr. 02 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052519000062.
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Which social arrangements have a history of fostering progress and prosperity? One quick answer, falsely attributed to Adam Smith, holds that we are guided as if by an invisible hand to do what builds the wealth of nations. A more sober answer, closer to what Smith said and believed, is thatifthe right framework of rules—plus decent officiating—steers us away from buying and selling monopoly privilege and steers us toward being valuable to the people around us, we indeed will be part of the engine that drives human progress and the wealth of nations.
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Faustino, Ana, und Maria João Lança. „Anatomia e Fisiologia: evoluindo de “mãos dadas”“. História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 25 (29.09.2022): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2022v25espp209-220.
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Resumo A Anatomia e a Fisiologia encontram-se intimamente ligadas e são unidades curriculares fundamentais em inúmeros cursos ligados às ciências da vida. Documentos ancestrais comprovam que a história da Anatomia e da Fisiologia teve início na Grécia e encontra-se associada a Hipócrates (460-370 a.C.), conhecido como o Pai da Medicina, e à sua obra “Corpus Hippocraticus”. O médico grego Claudius Galeno (129-200 d.C.) desenvolveu trabalhos nas áreas da Anatomia e da Fisiologia. Dos resultados das suas experiências em animais surge o conceito de fisiologia experimental. Galeno é considerado o “pai” da fisiologia experimental e a sua obra “Sobre o uso das partes do corpo humano” regeu a Medicina por catorze séculos, após os quais algumas das suas teorias foram contestadas. Os artistas renascentistas, como Leonardo da Vinci e Michelangelo, estudavam os corpos para obter perfeição nas formas artísticas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da Anatomia. Em plena época do Renascimento, surgiu pela primeira vez o significado da palavra Fisiologia de acordo com a definição de Jean Fernel (1497-1558). Este ficou conhecido pela célebre frase: “A Anatomia está para a Fisiologia como a Geografia está para a História: ambas descrevem o teatro de operações”. Jean Fernel é o marco entre a medicina medieval e a medicina da idade moderna. Vesalius (1514-1564) corrigiu erros de outros anatomistas e escreveu a obra “De humani corporis fabrica” que contribuiu para o reconhecimento da Anatomia como ciência básica. Já no século XVII, uma das maiores contribuições para a Fisiologia data de 1628, ano da publicação da obra “Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus”, de William Harvey (1578-1657), onde pela primeira vez se descreveu a anatomia e o movimento do coração e a consequente circulação do sangue pelo corpo. O “De Motu Cordis” foi o primeiro tratado da época moderna dedicado a um tema estritamente fisiológico. Em 1876 foi fundada, em Londres, a Sociedade de Fisiologia e em 1887 nos Estados Unidos da América foi fundada a Sociedade de Fisiologia Americana. Ambas se dedicavam à investigação científica, educação e disseminação de conceitos relacionados com a fisiologia. O primeiro Congresso internacional de Anatomia decorreu em 1895, em Basileia. Palavras-chave: Anatomia, Fisiologia, História Abstract Anatomy and Physiology are closely linked and are fundamental curricular units in numerous courses related to the life sciences. Ancestral documents prove that the history of Anatomy and Physiology began in Greece and is associated with Hippocrates (460-370 BC), known as the Father of Medicine, and his work “Corpus Hippocraticus”. The Greek physician Claudius Galenus (129-200 AD) developed works in the areas of Anatomy and Physiology. From the results of his experiments on animals comes the concept of experimental physiology. Galen is considered the “father” of experimental physiology and his work “On the use of parts of the human body” governed medicine for fourteen centuries, after which some of his theories were contested. Renaissance artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, studied bodies to obtain perfection in artistic forms, contributing to the development of Anatomy. At the Renaissance, the meaning of the word Physiology according to the definition of Jean Fernel (1497-1558) arose for the first time. This was known for the famous phrase: “Anatomy is to Physiology as Geography is to History: both describe the theater of operations”. Jean Fernel is the cornerstone between medieval medicine and modern age medicine. Vesalius (1514-1564) corrected mistakes made by other anatomists and wrote the work “De humani corporis fabrica” which contributed to the recognition of anatomy as a basic science. In the 17th century, one of the greatest contributions to Physiology dates to 1628, the year of the publication of the work “Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus”, by William Harvey (1578-1657), where anatomy was first described and the movement of the heart and the consequent circulation of blood throughout the body. “De Motu Cordis” was the first treatise of the modern age dedicated to a strictly physiological theme. In 1876 the Society of Physiology was founded in London and in 1887 the Society of American Physiology was founded in the United States of America. Both were dedicated to scientific research, education and dissemination of concepts related to physiology. The first International Congress of Anatomy was held in 1895 in Basel. Keywords: Anatomy, Physiology, History
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Ekholm, Karin. „Anatomy, Bloodletting and Emblems“. Early Science and Medicine 18, Nr. 1-2 (2013): 87–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-0004a0004.
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The title-page of Nathaniel Highmore’s Disquisition on the Anatomy of the Human Body (1651) depicts mythological and historical characters, anatomical and medical symbols and embodiments of anatomy, contemplation and different forms of bloodletting. Seventy-five lines of free verse face the engraving and together with inscriptions help identify characters and themes in each scene. The verses begin with the charge to examine the title-page before proceeding, and this article explores what the picture teaches the reader. The emblem entices not only by what it heralds, but also by the complex enigmas it comprises, and interpreting it requires the reader to circulate between the picture, verses and the main text. This process instructs us in Highmore’s methods of investigation, his views on the relationship between anatomy and medicine, and his anatomical findings. In particular, it calls attention to his argument that the effectiveness of bloodletting can only be explained on the premise that blood circulates.
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Zhang, Luwen. „Unveiling the Factors behind the Lack of Human Anatomy Knowledge in Traditional Chinese Medicine“. Journal of Biology and Life Science 15, Nr. 1 (18.11.2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v15i1.21476.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a holistic approach to healthcare that has been practiced for thousands of years. TCM offers effective treatments for a wide range of health conditions. However, in comparison to modern medicine, TCM places less emphasis on human anatomy in its diagnostic and treatment practices and has not developed a comprehensive system of human anatomy. By delving into the history, traditions, religion, and practice of TCM, the factors that have limited the development of human anatomy in TCM are identified. Firstly, reverence for tradition and religion may have suppressed motivation for advancement in this area. Secondly, the subjective nature of diagnosis and evaluating treatment outcomes in TCM reduces the necessity of studying human anatomy. Thirdly, the traditional education system in China had hindered the integration of human anatomy into TCM. Finally, cultural perspectives that prioritize the body as an integrated whole have also influenced the development of TCM. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the unique perspectives and values associated with TCM. Bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and modern science will allow TCM to evolve while retaining its core principles. The integration of human anatomy into TCM will rejuvenate the whole research field by providing new insights into the mechanisms of TCM and maximize its potential in treating a wider range of diseases. TCM has made tremendous contributions to human health in the past and will continue to do so in the present and future.
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Kramer, Andrew. „Book review: The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia“. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137, Nr. 1 (September 2008): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20843.
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Kâhya, Esin. „One of the Samples of the Influences of Avicenna on the Ottoman Medicine, Shams Al-Din Itaqi“. Belleten 64, Nr. 239 (01.04.2000): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2000.63.
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Anatomy was an important subject to solve human health problem. In Islam Avicenna (980-1037) was well known physician and he was also interested in anatomy and gave description on this subject in detail in his famous work, al-Qanun. Avicenna showed extensive influence on the physicians lived in the following the centuries, not only in the eastern countries, but also in the West. His work, al-Qanun was translated into different languages including in Latin. Its Latin version was published several times in different countries in Europe. Avicenna was also very influential in the Ottoman Empire. His work, al-Qanun was used extensively as a handbook among the physicians. One of the physicians who showed this influence obviously was Shams al-Din Itaqi in the Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth century. He wrote an illustrated anatomical work, named 'Treatise on Anatomy of Human Body'. 'Treatise on Anatomy of Human Body' was written in Turkish and gave description of the anatomical structures of the whole human body in detail including in several anatomical illustrations of some of the organs in colour. When we study Itaqi's work we can define the resemblance of his anatomical explanations witlı Avicenna did in his al-Qanun, as is seen in the classification of the organs as simple and compound organs. Itaqi also gave original description of some of the organs in his work. Among them can be mentioned the description of the cranial nerves.
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Craik, E. M. „The hippocratic treatise On Anatomy“. Classical Quarterly 48, Nr. 1 (Mai 1998): 135–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/48.1.135.
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On Anatomy (Anat.) is the shortest treatise preserved in the Hippocratic Corpus (HC). It describes the internal configuration of the human trunk. The account is for the most part descriptive, function being largely disregarded and speculation completely eschewed. Though systematic it is unsophisticated: two orifices for ingestion are linked by miscellaneous organs, vessels, and viscera to two orifices for evacuation. There is a clear progression in two parallel sections: first, trachea to lung, lung described, location of heart, heart described, kidneys to bladder, bladder described, bladder to genitals, conclusion; and second, oesophagus to belly, location of diaphragm, location of spleen, location and description of belly (close to liver), belly to intestine/colon, colon to rectum and anus, conclusion. The text offers good basic topographical or regional anatomy (the organs studied as they lie in relationship with one another in the different regions of the body). That the work is concerned with human anatomy is certain from the precise description of lung and liver, with features peculiar to human organs; and is corroborated by frequent references to comparative anatomy, with which familiarity is apparently assumed. Such anatomical knowledge, based on extensive observation of animals (probably sacrificial victims as well as laboratory specimens), may have been corroborated by some human dissection, perhaps of the aborted foetus or exposed infant, in conjunction with opportunistic observation of war wounded and accident victims. While the syntax is bald, telegraphic, and asyndetic, the vocabulary is recondite, and poetic. There is erratic omission of the article and recurrent use of compendious comparisons. These features suggest that Anat. may be an abridgement of a fuller and more flowery account; this hypothesis is supported by several passages where erroneous or unclear information apparently results from excessive compression or imperfect comprehension of a source.
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Didouan, Amandine Victoria. „“To Draw a Body, Human or Beast, One Must Study Anatomy”“. Nuncius 38, Nr. 2 (13.06.2023): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10058.
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Abstract Contributing to the merging fields of art history, visual culture, and history of science, this article brings forward Carlo Ruini’s (1530–1598) equine anatomical treatise Dell’Anotomia et dell’Infermità del Cavallo (1598). The introduction of Ruini’s epistemic imagery, specifically a flayed horse depicted in what has been termed the “foreshortened-frontalized-equestrian” pose, offers a new perspective to existing art historical scholarship, hypothesising on the role of anatomy in depictive choices within early modern equestrian portraiture. The anatomical poses and postures originally found in Dell’Anotomia reappear in portraits of equine subjects by Rubens and his followers thus challenging currently held academic theories concerning their source of inspiration. The application of elements from Ruini’s Dell’Anotomia within a seventeenth-century practical guide for artists further underscores anatomy’s influence on equestrian portraiture, thus evidencing a deliberate response to the relationship between science, early modern equestrian culture, and art.
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Sherstiuk, O. O., N. L. Svintsytska, R. L. Ustenko, A. V. Piliuhin, A. L. Katsenko und V. V. Lytovka. „STEREOMORPHOLOGY: HISTORY AND PROSPECTS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE“. Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, Nr. 1 (09.04.2020): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.1.186.
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The article shows that not only the health of the nation, but also the future of the peoples throughout the world and the future of the planet itself depends on the development of science and the quality of professional training of those providing the modern scientific process. The article highlights the stages of scientific anatomy, the results and prospects of its development. The goals, objectives, methods and results of our own research are identified on the basis of the stereomorphological method for studying hollow and parenchymal internal organs and glands. The article presents a unique technique that enables to obtain a three-dimensional view of the vessels of the human body, contributing to the spatial perception of the architectonics of the extra- and intraorgan blood channel, the injection-corrosion method, developed by the Dutch scientist F. Ruysch. It has been noted that the originality of the museum of the Department of Human Anatomy, Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy, is in its rich collection of injection and corrosion preparations of the internal organs of humans and animals. This classic technique, taking into account individual modifications, enables to get an accurate high-quality volumetric copy of the bloodstream of the internal organ or casts of the walls of a hollow organ, suitable for further morphological studies. Using the example of injection-corrosive preparations of the bloodstream of the human stomach, the features of its stereo-angioarchitectonics were investigated.
The article highlights the methodology for stereological study of the prostate, large and small salivary and lacrimal glands, used by the researchers of the Department of Human Anatomy, Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy. In particular, the results of three-dimensional plastic reconstruction have been described using the example of human epithelial structures of the prostate gland and small salivary, lacrimal glands.
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Almeida, Isabela Pereira, Andressa Karoline Da silva Malheiro und Zara Dantas Oliveira. „Bastidores da anatomia: da história à essência humana“. International Journal of Health Education 4, Nr. 2 (17.12.2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2594-7907ijhe.v4i2.3342.
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INTRODUCTION: The history of Anatomy, its artistic representation and the history of the human body, with its taboos, have come a long way until the present moment. The objective of this work is to understand the historical points of this area of knowledge, as well as the subjectivity involved, correlating it with Literature and the Arts. DEVELOPMENT: The production of anatomical knowledge begins in prehistory; it is watertight in the Middle Ages; gains momentum in Oriental Medicine and reaches its peak in spectacles of public dissections. Anatomy is established as a form of entertainment through the regulation of public dissections, leading to the trivialization of death, the appreciation of the grotesque, the scarcity of corpses and the fear of misappropriation of bodies. As anatomy has grown as an area of knowledge, it has created the basis for health sciences and human care. It has emerged over time that the study of anatomical pieces requires essential principles - sensitivity, ethics and respect - and allows us to reflect on the transposition of the boundaries between the beautiful versus the grotesque; the pleasant versus the disgusting. It also allows reflection on the trivialization, commercialization and eroticization of the body, as well as on the limits of science. CONCLUSION: Human anatomy, in its multiple aspects, has come a long way and constitutes a precious source of knowledge, however, it is faced with enticement by the most different interests. It is necessary to rescue the beauty of the human body, which is an inseparable part of the being that inhabits / dwelt there in order to resignify its human essence.
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Harvati, Katerina, und Timothy D. Weaver. „Human cranial anatomy and the differential preservation of population history and climate signatures“. Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology 288A, Nr. 12 (2006): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.a.20395.
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McDade, Thomas W. „Life history theory and the immune system: Steps toward a human ecological immunology“. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122, S37 (2003): 100–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10398.
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Bobina, I. V. „My memories of my father Volodymyr Viktorovich Bobin. To the 100th anniversary of the birthday“. Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2024, Nr. 1 (Juli 2024): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2024.01.008.
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The article presents not only official data about the professor of the Department of Normal Human Anatomy of the Kharkiv National Medical University, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences of National Progress, honorary academician of the International Academy of Integrative Anthropology, Doctor of Medical Sciences Volodymyr Viktorovych Bobin, but also the memories of his daughter Iryna. The portrait of a scientist, intellectual, teacher, loving son, father and grandfather, who was Professor V.V. Bobin, is shown. Key words: anatomy, anthropology, normal anatomy, history of medicine, medical dynasty, Volodymyr Bobin.
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Conti, Andrea A. „Calling the Heart by Name: Distinguished Eponyms in the History of Cardiac Anatomy“. Heart Surgery Forum 14, Nr. 3 (15.06.2011): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf98.20101047.
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Many outstanding scientists have given their names to anatomic structures through time. Recently the use of eponyms has been at the center of a very interesting debate in the columns of prestigious medical journals. Even if some authors have questioned their adoption, not only do the names of great figures in the history of medicine appear inextricably linked to human body structures but they also have been widely adopted. Eponyms enliven medical study and practice by representing major mnemonic aids for students and learners and opening intriguing scenarios on the history of health. Given that physicians frequently are unaware of exactly "who stands behind" a name, this article presents a reconstruction of how eponyms for cardiac structures have developed through time and provides scientific profiles of the personages after whom heart districts have been named. The article is offered in the awareness that scientists of different countries and different ages have contributed to the elaboration of the knowledge of cardiac anatomy, according to their personal skills and to the health technology available in their particular times and places.
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Yamaguchi, Yutaka, und Shigehito Yamada. „The Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses: History and Recent Advancements in Modern Methods“. Cells Tissues Organs 205, Nr. 5-6 (2018): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490672.
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The Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses, the largest collection of human embryos worldwide, was initiated in the 1960s, and the Congenital Anomaly Research Center of Kyoto University was established in 1975 for long-term storage of the collection and for the promotion of research into human embryonic and fetal development. Currently, the Kyoto Collection comprises approximately 45,000 specimens of human embryonic or fetal development and is renowned for the following unique characteristics: (1) the collection is considered to represent the total population of fetal specimens nationwide in Japan, (2) it comprises a large number of specimens with a variety of external malformations, and (3) for most specimens there are clinical and epidemiological data from the mothers and the pregnancies concerned. Therefore, the specimens have been used extensively for morphological studies and could potentially be used for epidemiological analysis. Recently, several new approaches such as DNA extraction from formalin-fixed specimens or geometric morphometrics have been adopted and it is to be expected that further technological advances will facilitate new studies on the specimens of the Kyoto Collection as well as of other human embryo collections worldwide. Permanent preservation of the Kyoto Collection is, therefore, of paramount importance so that it will continue to contribute to human embryological studies in the future.
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Crater, Jacqueline M., Daniel C. Dunn, Douglas F. Nixon und Robert L. Furler O’Brien. „A History and Atlas of the Human CD4+ T Helper Cell“. Biomedicines 11, Nr. 10 (23.09.2023): 2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102608.
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CD4+ T cells have orchestrated and regulated immunity since the introduction of jawed vertebrates, yet our understanding of CD4+ T cell evolution, development, and cellular physiology has only begun to be unearthed in the past few decades. Discoveries of genetic diseases that ablate this cellular population have provided insight into their critical functions while transcriptomics, proteomics, and high-resolution microscopy have recently revealed new insights into CD4+ T cell anatomy and physiology. This article compiles historical, microscopic, and multi-omics data that can be used as a reference atlas and index to dissect cellular physiology within these influential cells and further understand pathologies like HIV infection that inflict human CD4+ T cells.
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Naji, Hassan. „COVID-19: Anatomy of a Pandemic“. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, Nr. 4 (25.07.2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.4.967.
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SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has more than 82% genome similarity with SARS-CoV and more than 89% similarity with two bat coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and bat-SL-CoVZC45. The virus went and caused the most recent pandemic in human history with fatality totaling more than 3 million deaths, and cases rising up to 176 million worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In this paper, a retrospective analysis of the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 around the world are presented.
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Zapata Cano, Rodrigo. „La dimensión social y cultural del cuerpo“. Boletín de Antropología 20, Nr. 37 (09.09.2010): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.boan.6898.
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Resumen. En este texto se hace una descripción de cómo el cuerpo humano se convirtió en objeto de análisis de disciplinas tales como la sociología, la antropología y la historia, adquiriendo de este modo una dimensión social y cultural distinta de la dimensión propiamente científica del campo anatomo-fisiológico, que hasta aquí ostentaba la única y positiva verdad sobre dicho objeto. Luego de exponer algunos ejemplos para cada disciplina, se describe un acontecimiento en la historia de la anatomía para presentar la compleja imbricación entre saberes y poderes (normas, códigos, leyes, cánones, etc.) que cada época y sociedad pone en marcha cuando se aprehende el cuerpo desde su interior.Abstract. This text describes the way the human body became the subject of analysis of disciplines such as sociology, anthropology and history, acquiring in this manner a social and cultural dimension distinct from the strictly scientific anatomic-physiological field, which up to this point held the only and positive truth about such subject. After illustrating some examples from each discipline, the article describes an event in the history of anatomy in order to show the complex imbrications between knowledges and powers (regulations, codes, laws, canons, etc.) that each period and society produces when the body is apprehended from within.
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Reiches, Meredith W., Peter T. Ellison, Susan F. Lipson, Katherine C. Sharrock, Eliza Gardiner und Laura G. Duncan. „Pooled energy budget and human life history“. American Journal of Human Biology 21, Nr. 4 (Juli 2009): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20906.
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Miller, Elizabeth M. „Ecological immunity of human milk: Life history perspectives from the United States and Kenya“. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 167, Nr. 2 (20.08.2018): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23639.
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Reyes-Centeno, Hugo, Silvia Ghirotto und Katerina Harvati. „Genomic validation of the differential preservation of population history in modern human cranial anatomy“. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 162, Nr. 1 (04.08.2016): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23060.
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Pikalyuk, V. S., und I. V. Bobina. „Viktor Volodymyrovych Bobin is an outstanding representative of the anatomical school of Ukraine. To the 100th anniversary of the birth of his son Professor Volodymyr Viktorovych Bobin“. Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2024, Nr. 1 (Juli 2024): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2024.01.017.
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The article presents not only official data about Viktor Volodymyrovych Bobin, professor of the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Crimean Medical Institute, but also shows his scientific activities in his native city Kharkiv in 1919-1922. Works on anthropology are also highlighted, in particular the scientist’s monograph "Artificially deformed skulls found during excavations in the Crimea" (1957). The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the birth of his son, Professor of the Department of Normal Human Anatomy of the Kharkiv National Medical University, Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences of National Progress, Honorary Academician of the International Academy of Integrative Anthropology, Doctor of Medical Sciences Volodymyr Viktorovych Bobin. Key words: anatomy, anthropology, normal anatomy, history of medicine, medical dynasty, Viktor Bobin
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Franini, Alessio, und Maria Grazia Entani. „Common Digital Extensor Tendon Injury in Three Sporting Dogs“. Animals 12, Nr. 19 (29.09.2022): 2619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192619.
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Injuries to canine athletes are becoming more and more frequent, and perfect knowledge of all injury-prone anatomic structures is mandatory to achieve correct diagnoses and treatments. In this small case series discussion, trauma-based injury to the common digital extensor tendon of digits III and IV of the forelimb is described for the first time. The anatomy as well as the clinical and ultrasonographic findings show similarities to the human spectrum of pathologies called boxer’s knuckle. The treatment options with a buddy taping technique led to a satisfactory outcome at three months from trauma, without a history of re-injury. Injuries to the extensor compartment of the forepaw should be considered in cases of forelimb lameness with dorsal metacarpophalangeal swelling in sporting patients, especially with a history of blunt force traumas.
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Hryn, V. H., N. L. Svintsytska, T. F. Deineha, V. P. Bilash und O. V. Dubrovina. „EPONYMIC TERMS IN MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN HEAD AND NECK STRUCTURES“. Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 21, Nr. 1 (21.03.2021): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.21.1.114.
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Introduction. In the morphological sciences (human anatomy, clinical, topographic and pathological anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology, etc.), eponyms have been used for a long time. Experts apply eponymous terms, which contribute to the professional development of healthcare professionals, enrich their intellectual background, because an eponym comprises a piece of history and culture that have been created from the earliest times. Therefore, investigating eponyms in the medicine domain is of great cultural and professional importance. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the origin of eponyms relating to musculo-fascial structures of the human head and neck, and to obtain more information about the scientists whose names were given to certain terms through bibliographic analysis of the literature. Materials and methods. The methodology included general philosophical and general scientific research methods: dialectical, historical-chronological, bibliographic-descriptive, analytical, etc. Results and conclusions. The study of the eponymic terms contribute to the medical science by presenting the names of not only those scientists who are still remaining in the memory of grateful descendants, but also those who contributed to science, and then were undeservedly forgotten. Eponyms allow one to navigate the history of medical science, especially over the period of discoveries and detailed studies of anatomical structures. On the one hand, a certain national flavour of the subject is rendered by the eponym, on the other hand, one can conduct an important and necessary excursion into the history of medicine; also, unusual and non-standard eponyms can facilitate memorization of the subject.
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Eisenberg, Dan T. A., Christopher W. Kuzawa und M. Geoffrey Hayes. „Worldwide allele frequencies of the human apolipoprotein E gene: Climate, local adaptations, and evolutionary history“. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143, Nr. 1 (16.08.2010): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21298.
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Hartsock, Jane A., und Emily S. Beckman. „A Human Paradox: The Nazi Legacy of Pernkopf’s Atlas“. Conatus 4, Nr. 2 (31.12.2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.21076.
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Eduard Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy is a four-volume anatomical atlas published between 1937 and 1963, and it is generally believed to be the most comprehensive, detailed, and accurate anatomy textbook ever created. However, a 1997 investigation into “Pernkopf’s Atlas,” raised troubling questions regarding the author’s connection to the Nazi regime and the still unresolved issue of whether its illustrations relied on Jewish or other political prisoners, including those executed in Nazi concentration camps. Following this investigation, the book was removed from both anatomy classrooms and library bookshelves. A debate has ensued over the book’s continued use, and justification for its use has focused on two issues: (1) there is no definitive proof the book includes illustrations of concentration camp prisoners or Jewish individuals in particular, and (2) there is no contemporary equivalent to this text. However, both points fail to address the central importance of the book, not simply as part of anatomy instruction, but also as a comprehensive historical narrative with important ethical implications. Having encountered a first edition copy, these authors were given a unique opportunity to engage with the text through the respective humanities lenses of history, ethics, and narrative. In doing so, an instructive and profound irony has surfaced: Nazis, including Pernkopf, viewed specific groups of people as less than human, giving rise to unthinkable atrocities perpetuated against them. However, these same individuals became the sources for the creation of the Atlas, which served as the model for primary instruction on the human form for more than half of the twentieth century. In this article, we recount the difficult and somewhat opaque provenance of this book, engage the ethical questions surrounding both its creation and its use, and ultimately propose a pedagogical methodology for its continued use in medical education.
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Markert, Michael. „Ethical Aspects of Human Embryo Collections: A Historically Grounded Approach to the Blechschmidt Collection at the University of Göttingen“. Cells Tissues Organs 209, Nr. 4-6 (2020): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513176.
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Human body donation and tissue collections are nowadays grounded on a legal framework centered around the concept of informed consent in most countries. Comparable regulations did not exist prior to the second half of the 20th century, when several of the most important collections of human embryos were established. As a particularly prominent example, the Human Embryology Collection (“Blechschmidt Collection”) at the Center of Anatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany, is described here with regard to how to approach a human specimen collection from the perspective of both collection ethics and the history of science. The methods and concepts used as well as the outcome in terms of historical and ethical knowledge will be discussed as a model for future projects of similar scope at other collection sites. It it also shown that general ethical recommendations published by museum and collection experts are of value only if they are related to profound knowledge about the history of the particular collection in focus.
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Peirlinck, M., F. Sahli Costabal, J. Yao, J. M. Guccione, S. Tripathy, Y. Wang, D. Ozturk et al. „Precision medicine in human heart modeling“. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 20, Nr. 3 (12.02.2021): 803–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01421-z.
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AbstractPrecision medicine is a new frontier in healthcare that uses scientific methods to customize medical treatment to the individual genes, anatomy, physiology, and lifestyle of each person. In cardiovascular health, precision medicine has emerged as a promising paradigm to enable cost-effective solutions that improve quality of life and reduce mortality rates. However, the exact role in precision medicine for human heart modeling has not yet been fully explored. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for personalized human heart simulations, from diagnosis to device design, treatment planning, and prognosis. With a view toward personalization, we map out the history of anatomic, physical, and constitutive human heart models throughout the past three decades. We illustrate recent human heart modeling in electrophysiology, cardiac mechanics, and fluid dynamics and highlight clinically relevant applications of these models for drug development, pacing lead failure, heart failure, ventricular assist devices, edge-to-edge repair, and annuloplasty. With a view toward translational medicine, we provide a clinical perspective on virtual imaging trials and a regulatory perspective on medical device innovation. We show that precision medicine in human heart modeling does not necessarily require a fully personalized, high-resolution whole heart model with an entire personalized medical history. Instead, we advocate for creating personalized models out of population-based libraries with geometric, biological, physical, and clinical information by morphing between clinical data and medical histories from cohorts of patients using machine learning. We anticipate that this perspective will shape the path toward introducing human heart simulations into precision medicine with the ultimate goals to facilitate clinical decision making, guide treatment planning, and accelerate device design.
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Johnson, Christopher D. „Diagram and Discourse in the Anatomy of Melancholy“. Erudition and the Republic of Letters 7, Nr. 1 (03.02.2022): 44–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-07010002.
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Abstract This article examines the methodological, epistemological, aesthetic, and affective tensions between the promise of diagrammatic representation and the practice of discursive expression in Robert Burton’s The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621, first edition). It closely interprets the Anatomy’s tabular logic and analytic claims per se and in conjunction with Burton’s inductive, imaginative prose. While the discursive gathering of copious particulars aims to cure and to console, by ‘rectification’ and ‘recreation’ respectively, the synoptic tables introducing the book’s three partitions represent the ambiguous promise of human scientia, thus becoming yet another cause of melancholy. Compared with other early modern instances of tabular and encyclopedic reason, and interpreted in light of recent scholarship on the diagram, Burton’s tables play a critical, subtle role not only in the Anatomy’s invention and arrangement of topics, but also on the local level where the struggle for meaning and the experience of affect occurs.
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Schwartz, Jeffrey H. „Race and the odd history of human paleontology“. Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist 289B, Nr. 6 (2006): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.20119.
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Leigh, Steven R. „Book review: The Evolution of Human Life History“. American Journal of Human Biology 19, Nr. 6 (November 2007): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20728.
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