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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Household industries“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Household industries"
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Naz, Lubna, Adeel Ali und Ambreen Fatima. „International competitiveness and ex-ante treatment effects of CPEC on household welfare in Pakistan“. International Journal of Development Issues 17, Nr. 2 (02.07.2018): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-05-2017-0100.
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Purpose This paper aims to presents one of the first direct micro-econometric impact of competitive industries (based on revealed comparative advantage [RCA] between Pakistan and China) on household welfare in Pakistan using semi-parametric matching technique. Design/methodology/approach The study has also measured and identified the industrial competitiveness in both agricultural and non-agricultural (manufacturing) industries using RCA approach. RCA at the four-digit ISIC level are matched to household survey data (Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement) for 2013-2014 to represent the competitive industries in which the household’s higher earner is employed. Findings The findings of the study reveal that the China–Pakistan ex-post treatment effect (industrial competitiveness) provides welfare-improving effects. Furthermore, on this behalf, this study further assesses ex-ante treatment effects of recently signed China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on household welfare and suggests that CPEC would boost further trade liberalization and, therefore, would lead to industrial competitiveness and hence economic growth. Originality/value Paper contributes to two streams of literature. First, it measures and identifies the industrial competitiveness in both agricultural and non-agricultural industries using RCA approach; and second, it assesses the welfare of those households associated with these industries using semi-parametric propensity score matching technique.
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Salam, Shakila, Siegfried Bauer und Md Salauddin Palash. „Impact of income diversification on rural livelihood in some selected areas of Bangladesh“. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, Nr. 1 (28.03.2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40666.
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Diverse set of income generating activities may have varying effect on household’s welfare situation. This study intends to assess the extent of different income diversification strategies on rural household welfare. A total sample of 153 households from three districts of Bangladesh was randomly selected. Considering simultaneous causality between different livelihood strategies and welfare indicators, the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods with instrumental variable was applied to estimate impact of the strategies on household welfare. Household per capita expenditure was treated as the welfare indicator which includes both food and non-food expenditures. The findings show that involving in any type of non-farm activities jointly with farming has a significantly positive effect on the household’s welfare. Among different non-farm activities, participation in wage employment and migration along with agricultural activities ensured significantly higher per capita household expenditure. On the other hand, the impact of currently participation in only agricultural activities on household expenditure is insignificant. Besides, Farm size, higher education and infrastructural facilities also play an important role in improving household’s welfare. Therefore, policy should be directed to create opportunities to participate in non-farm activities through establishment of small and medium industries, especially agro-based industries in the rural areas.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 73–79, March 2019
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Sri Astiti, Ni Wayan, Dwi Putra Darmawan und Dewa Gede Raka Sarjana. „Women's Empowerment Model through Development of Households Industry Locally Specific in District of Abang, Karangasem Regency“. Journal of Sociological Research 9, Nr. 2 (10.05.2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v9i2.13130.
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This study aims to identify the profile of households handicraft industries and to propose strengthening women’s strategic role models through the development of households industries locally specific. Household industry profiles were analyzed descriptively and The Analytic Network Process (ANP) was selected as women's empowerment priority decision analysis tools and Super Decisions software as supporters.The results showed that (a) most household’s handicraft industries in the District of Abang, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province are classified as business-type starters and undeveloped; (b) rural people assume that women's businesses are conducted merely as a sideline and there has been no attempt to reach a wider market segment; (c) the contribution of women in the household handicraft industry can be summed up very strong, but not as a profitable business for themselves; (d) the results of Analytic Network Process (ANP) showed that the strengthening of the competence of human resources is the best alternative to the empowerment of women by relative priority of 39%.It is therefore, in applying the strategy of strengthening the competency of human resources, women need to incorporate important strategic orientation and product innovation capabilities in order to expand the business and in turn is able to increase the scale of their business from households scale only becomes SMEs.
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KURUSHIMA, Yasuko, Kenji MORINAGA, Yasushi SHINOHARA und Norihiko KOHYAMA. „"Tonoko" Pneumoconiosis in Household Industries“. SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 41, Nr. 3 (1999): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00001990788.
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Wang, Yile, Junmiao Deng, Brian Sheng-Xian Teo und Adam Amril Jaharadak. „Health poverty, educational capital and industrial integration of rural households“. International journal of health sciences 6, Nr. 3 (28.09.2022): 1452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n3.13031.
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Industrial integration provides an important tool to promote the revitalization of rural industries and is an effective way to promote sustainable income growth for farmers and to build a well-off society. The main implementer of rural industrial integration are individual farmers. The fundamental state of life of the farm households determines the implement ability of industrial farming cooperation. The development of rural industries has played an irreplaceable role in the process of poverty eradication in China. Promoting the integration of the three rural industries can play an important role in consolidating the fight against poverty and bridging the stage of rural revitalization to continuously play a role in the development of rural industries and lay the foundation for the smooth implementation of rural revitalization. Whereas human capital was one of the important perspectives in studying the integration of three rural industries, the relationship between human capital in education and the integration of three rural industries was empirically analyzed based on data from the China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS). With the help of a Random Forest model algorithm, the importance of key elements affecting the integration of rural industries was measured and ranked.
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Kurushima, Y. „"Tonoko"pneumoconiosis in the household industries.“ SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 40, Special (1998): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00001990295.
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Qiao, Yong. „Low-Carbon Life and Low-Carbon Industries Association Studies: Example from Household Energy Consumption“. Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (Oktober 2012): 890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.890.
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Low-carbon industries and people's lives are interrelated. A survey was conducted with a population sample of 100 households. This paper compared the rural and urban households’ energy consumption. It was found that the household energy-use is complex. The urban households’ energy use has a high-carbon tendency. The rural households’ energy consumption is relatively low-carbon, but their energy consumption behaviors are gradually being abandoned. Whether the consumer chooses a low-carbon lifestyle or not, it does not relate to his idea but to the industries. With the economic level improving, all households may choose electricity only. If the Power industry is not low carbon, the life of people can't be low carbon. The article focuses on the energy industry and concerns that low-carbon life is driven by low-carbon industries.
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Maad, Faizal, und Linar Humaira. „ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES OF THE HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIES OF LOCAL FOODS IN BOGOR DISTRICT WEST JAVA“. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR) 1, Nr. 1 (09.06.2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v1i1.28.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze individual characteristics of the entrepreneurs from household industries of local foods, the government policy support, entrepreneurial competence level as well as the determinant factors of the entrepreneurial competence of household industries of local foods in Bogor district’s, West Java . The study uses survey methods using descriptive statistical analysis and inference statistics to 231 home-based local food manufacturing industries in 14 sub-districts and 20 villages in Bogor. The results of this study indicate that the entrepreneurial competencies of household industries of local foods in Bogor district’s is low. The determinant factors of the entrepreneurial competence consist of formal education, motivation, and cosmopolitan mindset of the household industry entrepreneurs of local foods as well as the government policy support for the development of household industries of local foods. To increase the entrepreneurial competence of the entrepreneurs from household industries of local food, the entrepreneurs need to increase their non-formal education, motivation, and cosmopolitan mindset as well as the goverment policy support
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Saha, Suranjit Kumar. „Rural household industries and poverty in India“. Journal of Contemporary Asia 19, Nr. 2 (Januar 1989): 119–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472338980000101.
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Karina, Dea, Tri Astuti Nuraini und Prita Indriawati. „PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DIKELURAHAN MANGGAR BARU BALIKPAPAN“. Jurnal Edueco 1, Nr. 2 (30.12.2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/edueco.v1i2.17.
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Uncertainty of income obtained by the head of the family as a fisherman encourages the housewife member of the fisherman to work in order to fulfill the household's living needs. This research was conducted to determine the role of women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households in Manggar Baru Balikpapan and also to find out what obstacles faced by women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households. This research was also conducted to determine government policies in empowering coastal women. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data from this study were obtained by observing, interviewing, and documenting studies and processed using source triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the role of women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households taking care of the household is a top priority, accompanying their husbands, taking care of their children and helping their husbands work as crab skin peelers or running small shops can increase household economic income. In carrying out this role they did not escape the obstacles they faced, the obstacles faced by women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households were the constraints of unhygienic and unsafe water sources for individual and household needs as well as the absence of strengthening women fishermen groups for small business industries is a constraint faced by women in increasing household economic income. In terms of empowering coastal communities, the Government participates in conducting coaching for coastal communities in the Manggar Baru Balikpapan village through trainings even though the training is not regularly scheduled.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Household industries"
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Kasemi, Naruzzaman. „Strategies for the development of household industries in Jalpaiguri Districts, West Bengal“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/280.
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Zhang, Fan. „Regional disparity in homeownership, investment choice, and intra-household bargaining : evidence from Chinese household surveys“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52103/.
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This thesis contains three studies that provide theoretical and empirical evidence on household decisions in housing and investment portfolios in China, using 2010-2014 data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The first study investigates regional disparities in homeownership and value of owner-occupied housing in Chinese cities by using panel data from 2010-2014 CFPS. The results show that demographic characteristics actively shape the housing outcomes of urban households in different regions. The results also reveal development trajectories of regional economies. The findings indicate that while urban households benefit from an emerging population and an enormous growth in the private sector in the Eastern and Central regions, in the Northeastern region households are hindered in homeownership by an ageing population and an economy dominated by oversized but inefficient state-owned enterprises (SoEs). The second study adopts a nested logit approach, applying three data sets from the 2010-2014 CFPS. This approach explores how household investment choice differs with personal and household characteristics (e.g., such as health, demographic features, and institutional factors) across the broad investment categories of financial assets, private businesses, and real estate. I also employ a sub-sample from the 2012 CFPS that is restricted to parental households to examine how parenthood alters household investment decisions by building a binomial logistic model. The empirical results show that migration and income have a positive effect on investment decisions in the nested logit models. The evidence from the subsample finds that there are significant differences in the impact of demographic composition between investment categories. Using the 2010-2014 CFPS panel data, the third study investigates how household investment holdings vary according to demographic composition and intra-household bargaining strength in urban China. In addition, to explore the allocation of household investment, a further examination is carried out in the fixed-effect model with the specification of the Working-Leser function and in a Tobit model with two limits. Empirical evidence supports the following hypotheses: (a) changes in demographic composition considerably alter household investment holdings; and (b) the existence of a higher proportion of female children is strongly associated with an increase in household investments in financial assets.
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Tu, Yong. „Local housing submarket structure and regional household housing choice behaviour“. Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1995. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3603.
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As home ownership in the UK housing market has become mature, economic and econometric analyses of urban and regional owner-occupier housing markets have become a long-standing concern of housing economists. This thesis defines a nestedl ocal housing submarkets tructureT. he dynamic stock flow model with trade friction is revised and applied to analysing the local owner occupier housing submarket operational process. The short run and long run equilibrium and discquilibrium nature of a local owner occupier housing submarkct system are divulged. This model explores the submarket house price determinants and the role of housing submarket trade friction in submarket house price formation. The computer simulation reveals the relationship between the housing submarket structure and the system stability. The role of household housing choice behaviour in directing the system has been carefully demonstrated. On the premise of the utility maximisation approach, a behavioural model of regional household housing choice per housing submarket is set up. It is argued that the structure of the regional labour market determines household dwelling location choice. The influence of housing submarket marketability (defined as an inverse of the submarket trade friction) on household housing choice behaviour is considered. The family life cycle pattern of housing choice behaviour and the influence of household financial constraints on housing choice are also developed in the model. The empirical analysis is based on both Stated and Revealed preference information in order to overcome the dwelling supply constraint. The data is derived from the Lothian Region owner occupier housing market. The empirical results are compared with those of the existing housing choice models. The policy implications which follow from this thesis are then discussed in the light of the findings
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Urassa, Justin Kalisti. „Rural household livelihoods, crop production and well-being after a period of trade reforms : a case study of Rukwa, Tanzania“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2484/.
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Production of staples occupies an important part in Sub-Saharan Africa‘s crop production, and maize is its single most important food staple. This thesis mainly examines the role of maize in farmers‘ livelihoods and wellbeing in Tanzania, in the context of a long period of reforms that have affected both the maize market, agriculture more widely. It does so by exploring the role of maize in household‘s on and off-farm diversification, the determinants of crop productivity, and the relationship between diversification, commercialisation and‘ well-being. A number of specific issues are explored including the importance of factors such as farm size and education, access to key inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and agricultural extension services. The thesis uses data collected from three districts of Rukwa, one of Tanzania‘s major maize producing regions, and some secondary agricultural data from official sources. The research found that households with more land were generally more diversified (both on-farm and off-farm) than those with less land, and they experienced higher levels of well-being as measured by a range of concepts of well-being, but that maize continues to play an important role households‘ livelihoods and well-being. The research also revealed low levels of use of important agricultural inputs such as modern fertilizers and extension services, which may explain the low yields observed in the region. Education emerged as an important factor in raising yields, increasing commercialisation and also well-being, suggesting that nonagriculture policies may also be important for improving productivity and welfare of farmers. Despite the importance of crop production to their‘ well-being, households face several constraints; these include access to fertilizers, improved seeds and other chemical inputs necessary for higher production, and extension services. These findings have important policy implications as many rural households continue to rely on agriculture, especially production of staples. Therefore, these results could help the central and local governments to formulate strategies geared towards improving rural well-being.
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Agne, Chaiane Leal. „Agroindústrias rurais familiares e a rede de relações sociais nos mercados de proximidade na região do Corede Jacuí Centro/RS“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22721.
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A diversificação das atividades produtivas e sociais é uma realidade da agricultura familiar brasileira. O processamento da produção agropecuária e a inserção do produto agroindustrial nos mercados são formas desta diversificação. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo descrever as relações que formam a rede social dos mercados de proximidade, ou seja, demonstrar as relações que as ARFs mantêm com outros agentes para realizar as ações de troca e comercialização de produtos agroindustriais. A região estudada compreende os municípios que compõe o Corede Jacuí Centro: Cachoeira do Sul, Cerro Branco, Novo Cabrais, Paraíso do Sul, Restinga Seca, São Sepé e Vila Nova do Sul. O estudo caracterizouse como exploratório-descritivo, com a coleta de informações secundárias e primárias. As informações do IBGE sobre as indústrias rurais serviram de suporte para definir o número de entrevistas que seriam efetuadas em cada município. Foram realizadas 41 entrevistas, com o auxílio de um formulário semiestruturado e diários de campo. Utilizou-se de metodologia qualitativa (análise de conteúdo) e quantitativa (medidas de dispersão: média aritmética simples e desvio padrão; medidas de localização: máximo e mínimo) para a análise dos dados. A formação social da rede dos mercados de proximidade envolve interações dos produtores com atores de instituições e da comunidade, com intermediários, pontes de inserção, consumidores e demais agentes da sociedade civil. Destaca-se a venda direta para consumidores urbanos, representando uma média de 51% da produção vendida, cujas formas de comercialização são: de porta em porta, por encomenda, em feiras, em eventos e na propriedade. Nas relações de comercialização e trocas com parentes e vizinhos, as famílias comercializam uma média de 14% e 1%, respectivamente. Estas interações são evidenciadas pela troca de produtos, matéria-prima e serviços na atividade agroindustrial. Quanto às relações comerciais com as pontes de inserção e intermediários, correspondem a 19% e 15% da produção vendida, respectivamente. Para os agricultores, as características de diferenciação dos seus produtos são: o natural, o jeito de fazer, o sabor, o trabalho do agricultor para produzir, o preço, a certificação SIM e a produção ecológica. Dentre as inovações destacamse: a embalagem, a consistência, o tempero, os sabores, a produção light, o tamanho, a concentração do produto e a modificação da receita.The diversification of the social and productive activities is what usually happens in the Brazilian household agriculture. The agricultural production processing and the agro industrial product insertion in the markets are manners of this diversification. This paper had as main objective to describe the relations that constitute the social networking of the proximity markets to the change and merchandising of the agroindustrial products. The region studied comprehends the cities that belong to Corede Jacuí Centro: Cachoeira do Sul, Cerro Branco, Novo Cabrais, Paraíso do Sul, Restinga Seca, São Sepé and Vila Nova do Sul. This study was characterized as an exploratory-descriptive analysis, with the gathering of secondary and primary information. The data about agrobusiness provided by IBGE gave a support to define the number of interviews that would be done in each city. 41 interviews have been accomplished, with the assistance of a semi-structured form and field diaries. Qualitative methodology has been used (content analysis) and quantitative (disperse measurements: simple arithmetic average and standard deviation; localization measurements: maximum and minimum) for the data analysis. The social formation of the proximate market networking involves interactions of the producers with actors of institutions and the community, with middlemen, insertion bridges, consumers and other agents of the civil society. The direct sale to the urban consumer has been highlighted, representing an average of 51% of the sold production, whose merchandising forms are: door to door, by order, at fairs, at events and at the property. In the relationships of marketing and exchanges with relatives and neighbors, the families commercialized an average of 14% and 1% respectively. These interactions are spotlighted by the exchange of products, raw material, and services at the agroindustrial activity. Concerned with the commercial relationship with the insertion bridges and middlemen, it corresponds to 19% and 15% of the commercialized production, respectively. According to the peasants, the characteristics that differ their products are: the natural, the way to make, the flavor, the farmer’s work to produce, the price, the SIM certification and the ecological production. Among the innovations some are pointed out: the package, the consistency, the seasoning, the flavors, the light production, the size, the product concentration and the recipe modification.
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Blanc, Guillaume. „Les pratiques audiovisuelles domestiques : Cadres de réception et (ré)appropriations du foyer au prisme des techniques numériques et des stratégies industrielles“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL021/document.
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Depuis les vingt dernières années, les techniques numériques connaissent un développement sans précédent et semblent favoriser une diversification des formes de réception des contenus audiovisuels. La délinéarisation de ces contenus, la multiplication des offres d’accès ou encore l’entrée de nouveaux acteurs industriels dans la filière audiovisuelle nous poussent à interroger ce que veut dire aujourd’hui « regarder la télévision ». Ce travail doctoral propose de dépasser la question de la pérennité de la télévision comme média de flux en interrogeant plutôt les évolutions des pratiques audiovisuelles des publics dans leurs dimensions symboliques, sociales et affectives. En s’appuyant sur une enquête menée dans plus de quarante foyers et auprès de professionnels du secteur télévisuel, cette recherche montre ainsi que les cadres de réception des publics se complètent et s’articulent plus qu’ils ne s’opposent. Par ailleurs, au travers d’une analyse des mutations des stratégies industrielles, il est également montré que les rapports de force entre chaînes de télévision et acteurs industriels de la communication (du Web, des télécommunications ou du matériel) n’impliquent pas nécessairement une remise en cause du rôle d’intermédiation des chaînes ou de la fonction structurante du modèle socio-économique de flot dans cette filière. Cette recherche souligne également la continuité de l’ancrage domestique des pratiques audiovisuelles malgré la multiplication des écrans et des formes d’accès aux contenus. Ainsi, les usages que les publics ont du numérique ne redessinent pas fondamentalement les rapports familiaux et les modes d’habiter. Au contraire, ces relations symboliques sont parfois renforcées au travers de (ré)appropriations quotidiennes des espaces-temps du foyer, dont les pratiques émergentes sont le support. Cette analyse du rôle des pratiques audiovisuelles dans la création des liens qui se tissent entre les personnes vivant sous le même toit permet ainsi de montrer en quoi ces pratiques participent à la construction du sentiment de « chez-soi » et font partie intégrante de l’économie morale du foyerFor the last twenty years, digital technology achieved an unprecedented development and seem to accelerate a diversification of the forms of audiovisual contents reception. The delinearization of these contents, the multiplication of the access offers or the entry of new industrial actors in the audiovisual sector push us to question what "watching television" means today. This PhD tries to go beyond the question of the durability of television as a broadcast media by questioning rather the evolution of the public audiovisual practices in their symbolic, social and affective dimensions. Based on a study conducted in more than 40 homes and with professionals of the television sector, this research shows that public reception frames are complementary and articulated more than in opposition. Moreover, through an analysis of the industrial strategies mutations, it is also shown that the balance of power between television channels and communication industries (Web, telecommunications or hardware) does not necessarily put in danger the intermediation role of the channels or the structuring function of the flow model. This research also highlights the continuity of the importance of the domestic dimension in the audiovisual practices despite the multiplication of the devices and the contents offers. Therefore, the uses of the digital technology do not fundamentally redraw the family relations and the modes of living. On the contrary, these symbolic relationships are sometimes reinforced by the daily (re)appropriations of the household spaces-times, through the emerging practices. This analysis of the linking role between people living under the same roof that the audiovisual practices perform shows how they contribute to the construction of the feeling of "home" and are an integral part of the household moral economy
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Kirakozian, Ankinée. „Trois essais en économie des déchets : comportements individuels et politiques publiques“. Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0013/document.
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Le constat d'un volume de déchets en augmentation constante en France et dans le monde appelle des études permettant de comprendre les comportements de tri des ménages. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans cette perspective et a pour ambition de comprendre comment modifier le comportement des consommateurs afin que ces derniers réduisent leurs déchets. Nous présentons d'abord une revue de la littérature analysant les différentes politiques publiques en matière de gestion des déchets. L'approche traditionelle consistant à dire que les individus répondent avant tout à un comportement rationnel, la recherche de gain, a ses limites. Nous soutenons l'idée que des politiques spécifiques prenant en compte les facteurs comportementaux sont nécessaires dans l'élaboration des politiques publiques en faveur du recyclage. Dans un second temps, nous nous intéressons aux déterminants du tri sélectif à partir de données issues d'une enquête originale auprès de 694 habitants de la région PACA. Nous estimons avec un modèle Probit la probabilité d'adopter un comportement de tri sélectif. Ce modèle teste les hypothèses étudiées jusqu'ici principalement par les sociologues et psychologues. Notre analyse empirique démontre que l'influence sociale impacte négativement le recyclage. Enfin, nous complétons cette étude avec un modèle mutli-agent qui cherche à expliquer le tri des déchets et l'impact des politiques publiques. Notre modèle considère des ménages hétérogènes choisissant de recycler selon quatre caractéristiques: leurs préférences environnementales, le coût d'opportunité de la taxe, le coût du tri et leur image de soi. Trois politiques sont testées : l'information, la taxe, et les "nudges"The observation of a positive trend in the amount of waste in France and in the world has called for studies explaining household sorting behavior. This thesis lies in this perspective and aims at determining how to lead consumers to reduce their waste. We first present a review of the literature analyzing the portfolio of waste management public policies. We discuss the limits of the traditional approach stating that individuals adopt a rational behavior, seeking utility gains. Instead we support the idea that addressing behavioral factors is required for public policies supporting recycling behavior to succeed. In a second step, we investigate the the determinants of sorting behavior by building an original survey on 694 individuals in the PACA region. Our study combines and tests hypotheses first developed by sociologists and psychologists with concepts from behavioral economics. We use a probit model to estimate the probability to adopt a selective sorting behavior. Our empirical analysis shows that social influence negatively impacts recycling. Finally, we complete this study with an agent-based model which seeks to explain the sorting of waste as well as how such behavior is impacted by public policies. Our model considers heterogeneous households whose recycling decision is affected by four elements: individual environmental preferences and self-image, the opportunity cost of a tax on sorting, and the cost of sorting. Three public policies are tested: information, tax and "nudges"
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Han-Suck, Song. „Risk management of the housing market : with a focus on low income households“. Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-398.
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Lèbre, Eléonore. „Modelling environmental benefits of household waste prevention“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for vann- og miljøteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18704.
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Waste prevention can be seen as a form of waste treatment, and it is then considered as the most desirable option to mitigate the environmental impacts of waste generation. However, some have already pointed out the fact that the true potential of waste prevention might lie in its connection to sustainable consumption, and not as a substitute to waste treatment (Ekvall 2008, Olofsson 2004). Sustainable consumption and waste prevention are concepts that are closely related. Goods that people consume always end up as waste. In some cases, waste prevention also results in reduced consumption and this is what was analysed in this master thesis. The aim is to assess the environmental benefits of household waste prevention by considering the overall production chain and not only the waste management system.To assess the benefits of waste prevention, a hybrid LCA model was developed. This model combines an Input Output Analysis of consumer expenditures with a Life Cycle Analysis of household waste generation. The Input Output Analysis is an appropriate tool to assess a basket of product categories that are expressed in monetary terms, as it is the case for household consumption. The Input Output dataset is connected to the Consumer Expenditure Survey which gathers a household’s total yearly purchases. The Life Cycle Analysis of a waste generation vector includes all data characteristic of the Waste Management System in Trondheim and the future of the waste is assessed from its collection and sorting to its recycling and use in secondary production.The scenarios chosen to evaluate the potential of waste prevention are targeting food, textiles and paper products. They all assume that waste prevention results in a proportional decrease in consumption, thus affecting both the LCA and the IOA results. The aim is to compare these two sets of results. In the IO scenarios, the influence of a rebound effect was also tested. Rebound effects are due to a constant income that settles the total amount of expenditure: scenarios generate reduced consumption and hence money savings that will still be spent on something else in the end. The ways they are re-spent will determin the final results. Various cases were tested: the rebound on holidays, restaurant, culture, repair, the marginal rebound and the simple rebound. The two latter ones distribute the savings on all categories.From this study the main results are the following:- The environmental benefits of waste prevention occur mostly at the production chain level: most changes occurring at the waste management level are 2 to 4% of the ones occurring upstream. Benefits generated by the waste management system are low and sometimes even negative, meaning that the reduction scenarios generated more impact than the reference scenario. This is because the Waste Management System generates environmental benefits on its own, thanks to energy recovery and material recycling that substitute primary production. Decreasing the amounts of waste collected hence reduces these benefits.- The influence of the rebound effects on the results is significant. In the case of global warming, the holiday rebound is the one that mitigates the most the initial benefits (they are reduced from 7% to 1% in the results that combine all scenarios together). The marginal and the simple rebounds come next. Rebounds on restaurant and culture are most of the time the most beneficial in the way that they reduce the benefits only from 7% to 5.5%. - Even though comparison between the different targeted categories is subject to uncertainties, one can still notice the importance of food, which generates significant benefits even though the consumption was only reduced by 11%. The results also show that preventing paper waste is the least beneficial scenario.
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Roux, Charlotte. „The life cycle performance of energy using household products“. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11012.
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The number of household gadgets that use energy, usually electricity, has multiplied in recent decades and energy use in a category that was long called other has risen significantly. In the mean time, another concern has arisen: the carbon cost related to the production and disposal of the gadgets. Investigating household electric and electronic equipment (EEE) as a specific household consumption category, the objective of this project is to get more understanding of their consumption and of their carbon footprint over there life-cycle. Space and water heating as well as lighting are excluded. The focus is on Norwegian household carbon footprint considering its specificities both in terms of consumption patterns, external trade and energy mix. First, an economic and statistical analysis of product ownership is conducted. It uses several data sources, such as the recent REMODECE campaign, sales data, lifetime estimation, EE-register data (registration of input and output of Electric and electronic equipment on the Norwegian market) and data from statistical office of Norway. Second, the project aims to record, analyze and compare different sources of information considering production and end-of-life. Both bottom up and top down approaches are investigated, even if a stress is put on bottom-up studies, such as ongoing European EuP study with its Ecoreport tool and EcoInvent database. Third it gives a best estimate of EEEs share in household carbon footprint, found to be 8,1% at 1,5 tons of CO2equivalent per household with production phase as a main contributor. A discussion on uncertainties assessing precision and identifying information gaps is also conducted. In addition to facilitate further research by setting up a framework grouping information sources critically analyzed, this project highlights the increasing importance of EEE products regarding sustainable consumption by putting numbers on the table.
Bücher zum Thema "Household industries"
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Household energy in South Asia. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1987.
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Pakistan. Federal Bureau of Statistics., Hrsg. Survey of small and household manufacturing industries, 1983-84 (rural). Karachi: Manager of Publications, 1987.
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Pakistan. Federal Bureau of Statistics., Hrsg. Census of small and household manufacturing industries, Pakistan, 1988 (rural). Karachi: Manager of Publications, 1993.
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Pakistan. Federal Bureau of Statistics., Hrsg. Survey of small and household manufacturing industries, 1983-84. Karachi: Manager of Publications, 1987.
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Energy use in rural Kenya: Household demand and rural transformation. Stockholm, Sweden: Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1985.
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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Consumer electronics. Ottawa, Ont: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.
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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Consumer electronics. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1992.
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Office, United Nations Statistical. Draft recommendations for a statistical programme for household and small-scale industries. [New York: The Office], 1986.
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Zhongguo xiao fei dian zi ye de jue qi. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo jin rong chu ban she, 2004.
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1941-, Singh Inderjit, Squire Lyn 1946-, Strauss John 1951- und World Bank, Hrsg. Agricultural household models: Extensions, applications, and policy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
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van Kralingen, Kess G. „Involving Other Industries: The Role for the Detergent Manufacturers“. In Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances, 556–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60020-3_63.
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Wolak, Frank A. „Changes in the Household-Level Demand for Postal Delivery Services from 1986 to 1994“. In Managing Change in the Postal and Delivery Industries, 162–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6321-1_8.
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Washizu, Ayu, und Satoshi Nakano. „An Assessment of Carbon Taxation by Input–Output Analysis: Upstream or Downstream?“ In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 151–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_9.
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Abstract To analyze the ripple effects of CO2 emissions from the introduction of renewable energy power plants, this study developed input–output tables for analysis of next-generation energy systems (IONGES). The results revealed that the environmental benefits obtained from investing in power plants of the same capacity vary significantly depending on the type of renewable energy. Using the IONGES, under assumptions of three carbon taxation methods (upstream, midstream, and downstream), we calculated the taxable CO2 emissions induced when producing each good or service and estimated the carbon tax burden associated with the final demand. We found that, in the upstream method, the taxation effects of one unit of carbon tax is concentrated in energy goods such as coal products and petroleum basic, while the effects are relatively dispersed in the downstream taxation method. If renewable energy is added to the government target level in 2030, taxable CO2 emissions will decrease by 12–13.3%. Compared with the upstream taxation method, in the midstream and downstream methods, the CO2 emissions induced by each final demand are distributed more evenly across various goods and services. Compared to the downstream taxation method, upstream taxation leads to higher CO2 emissions from exports, but lower CO2 emissions from household consumption. This is because energy-intensive industries such as machinery have high export ratios. We analyzed which expenditure categories contribute to the carbon tax burden associated with household consumption. In the case of upstream taxation, households mainly focus on reducing electricity consumption; in the case of downstream taxation, households reduce consumption of various energy-intensive goods and services.
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Wang, Jiaxing, und Shigeru Matsumoto. „Climate Policy in Household Sector“. In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 45–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_3.
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Abstract Compared to the industry sector, the progress of energy conservation of the household sector is very slow. It is because the household sector is more diverse than the industrial sector, and regulatory enforcement is much more difficult. The government can stop firms’ operation if their environmental burden is too heavy but cannot stop household’s activities. Therefore, the government needs to find energy conservation policies that are supported by the public. Like other countries, the Japanese government has introduced various energy conservation measures to reduce the energy usage from households for the past several decades. It has introduced energy efficiency standards for energy-consuming durables and provided subsidies to promote energy-efficient products in recent years. At the same time, it has raised the price of energy in order to provide households with an appropriate incentive to conserve. In addition, it has promoted renewable energy usage in the household sector. Facing climate change, the Japanese government has not introduced energy conservation measures systematically but rather on an ad hoc basis. In this chapter, we review energy conservation measures implemented in the household sector in Japan. We then make policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of energy conservation measures in the household sector.
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Newton, Peter W., Peter W. G. Newman, Stephen Glackin und Giles Thomson. „Changing Attitudes to Housing and Residential Location in Cities: The Cultural Clash and the Greyfield Solution“. In Greening the Greyfields, 121–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6238-6_6.
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AbstractThis chapter explores changes in attitudes and preferences—in other words, the underlying demand—for different types and locations of housing in Australia’s largest cities. Until recently, housing preferences have strongly favoured detached housing and low-density urban settings. This is now changing. This section reports on data from a major household survey that examined the attitudes of resident property owners in the middle suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne to neighbourhood change and medium-density housing development. It examines household preferences and trade-offs related to different ‘living arrangements’ (dwelling and location combinations) and attitudes to lot amalgamation and bottom-up redevelopment between neighbours. The survey identified clear shifts in ‘living arrangement’ priorities in the major capital cities that now reveal equivalent preferences for medium-density housing in established areas with good public transport versus detached housing in car-dependent suburbs.It highlights the lag in supply-side response by the property-development and building industries, as well as the missed steps by metropolitan and municipal governments in strategic planning and rezoning of established suburban greyfield precincts to accommodate medium-density housing at scale: in essence, GPR.
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Cope, Rhian. „Household and Industrial Toxicants“. In Small Animal Toxicology Essentials, 253–72. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785591.ch28.
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Nandi, Debmita, und Sumana Sarkar. „Non-Timber Forest Products Based Household Industries and Rural Economy—A Case Study of Jaypur Block in Bankura District, West Bengal (India)“. In Spatial Modeling in Forest Resources Management, 505–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56542-8_21.
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Zhang, Dongyang, Xinxin Ma, Jun Zhang und Quheng Deng. „Household Consumption and Manufactural Industrial Upgrading“. In Growth Mechanisms and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Economy, 281–303. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3858-0_10.
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Zerguini, Seghir, und Nathalie Gaussier. „MUST-B: A Multiagent Model to Address the Future Challenges of Sustainable Urban Development“. In Smart Cities, 151–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35664-3_11.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the MUST-B model based on a systemic modeling that aims to address some of the future challenges of the smart cities. MUST-B stands for “Integrated Modeling of Land-Use – Transport for application in the Bordeaux agglomeration” and is funded by the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine. MUST-B is based on systemic land-use/transport modeling about how the land and property markets operate, and the interdependent factors for selecting the locations of households and employment. MUST-B is an agent-oriented model which simulates household and job location choices. It is based on an auction mechanism that models competition between agents in the real estate market (existing property holdings, including residential, industrial, and tertiary) and in the land property market (from buildable land reserves) over a given timeframe. This auction procedure is based on maximizing the utility provided to the agent by a given location: housing for a household and an area for business activity for employment premises. Utility is a function of several characteristics relating to the space and premises occupied, such as accessibility, surface area, energy quality of the building, notoriety, agglomeration effects and taxes, or property prices, the latter being endogenous. In this chapter, the mechanisms and functioning of the land property and real estate markets, which prevail in MUST-B, are presented. Methodological choices and behavioral guidelines for agents (households/workplaces) are also set out.
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Harris, C. C. „The Household and Family under Capitalism“. In The Family and Industrial Society, 179–200. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003215585-16.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Household industries"
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Arifin, Zainal, Nugroho Adi Triyono und Eko Supriyanto. „Technology Selection of Solar PV for Household and Small Industries in Indonesia“. In 2021 International Conference on Converging Technology in Electrical and Information Engineering (ICCTEIE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccteie54047.2021.9650625.
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Reh, C., und D. Kang. „402. Mercury Exposures and Urine Mercury Concentrations Among Workers in a Household Battery Recycling Facility“. In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765083.
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Lankapura, W. K., und K. G. Alahapperuma. „Wood Splitting Machine for Tea and Bakery Industries“. In ERU Symposium 2021. Engineering Research Unit (ERU), University of Moratuwa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/eru.2021.3.
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In Sri Lanka, firewood is regarded as a common conventional fuel, mainly in food preparation purposes. Essentially due to economically availability, firewood has still been using as the main source to lit fire in rural areas. Other than for household food preparation, firewood is still the main source of generating heat in food related rural industries, such as tea factories, bakeries, hotels etc. In tea factories and in some of the bakeries, firewood is used in mass scales. Even tons of fire wood is used in each of them, per day. To make easy burning, the wood logs need to be cut in to small pieces. In almost all such places, wood splitting is done manually. It finds very difficult to split wood logs by using an axe. This needs time and more manpower. On the other hand, an additional cost is involved for workers’ payment. If the wood splitting can be mechanized, it may be huge beneficial for such industries as tea factories and bakeries etc. Therefore, this project is aimed to introduce a wood splitting machine, which has the specific objectives of efficient supply of usable level firewood at a shorter time with lower cost and without much manpower to split firewood logs. Lower maintenance requirement together with lower failure frequencies may be added advantages, when compared to the hydraulic devices [4].
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Edwards, R., und P. Lioy. „230. Analysis of the Particle Size Distributions of Household Dust Collected by Indirect Dermal Sampling Techniques, Comparison to Hand Rinses, and Environmental Factors Influencing the Adhesion of Particles to Human Skin“. In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764897.
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Bormane, Santa, Biruta Sloka und Daina Skiltere. „Sustainable consumption and waste management“. In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf185.
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The Just Transition Mechanism, the European Green Deal Investment Plan (EGDIP) and the European industrial strategy highlight the main priorities and lines of action that will affect the course towards sustainable development, its adaptation to the transformation of EU into a new, more sustainable economy – a climate neutral, competitive environment through developing the circular economy. The goal of the study is to assess the public opinion based on an analysis of data on the views of inhabitants of Latvia on pollution, grime or other environmental problems based on the European Union statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). The research methods used to achieve the goal were the analysis of scientific publications and previous research and analysis of views of inhabitants of Latvia on pollution, grime or other environmental problems. For evaluation analysis, time-series analysis and cross-tabulations of evaluation by regions, by territories and by household size were used. For testing the differences of inhabitant evaluations, the chi-square test was used. The results of the analysis show that there are not significant differences in views on pollution, grime or other environmental problems in Latvia’s regions, in territories and by the household size. The results of the study could be useful to industries and situations and can serve as the basis for decision-making for pollution reduction and other researchers’ empirical efforts in this field.
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Zabolotnaya, Elena, und Irina I. Menishova. „Analysis of the efficiency of using purified household waste water in technologies of the textile industry“. In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM (ISTS) «IMPROVING ENERGY AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PROCESSES AND DEVICES IN CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES». The Kosygin State University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/eeste-2021-2-17-20.
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Shown is the use of purified domestic water (Cuban treatment facilities), in decoction and dyeing with direct, active, vat dyes and cubosol dyes. It was found that the quality of decoction and dyeing with the use of water after the aeration tank and after primary cleaning from the stage of secondary settling is not inferior in quality to the traditional technology of decoction and dyeing. It is shown that the introduction of softeners into the composition of the dye bath of the proposed technology significantly increases the quality of the dye output on the fiber.
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van Velzen, L. P. M. „Developments in Radiological Characterization and Remediation of Non-Nuclear Industrial Sites in the Netherlands“. In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4821.
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In the Netherlands, like in other countries, many industries process ores that contain small amounts of natural radioactivity e.g. phosphate ore for the production of phosphate-acid and fertilizers. These non-nuclear industries have often started their activities many years ago, sometimes 50 to 60 years ago, and cases are known for even longer periods. In these periods no governmental regulations concerning naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) existed and it was generally accepted that remaining materials of the industrial process were used for road construction, site improvement, send to household waste belts etc. In the eighties of the last century one became aware that due to industrial processes enhanced concentrations of NORM (TENORM; Technical Enhanced NORM) could occur and employees could receive doses that had to be observed and regulated. Due to this regulations and R&D new processes were set-up and existing factories were closed and successfully decommissioned and dismantled. What remains is that at these sites, due to actions and disposals in the past, enhanced NORM material can still be present that now will fall under the new established regulations. The radiological characterization is a necessarily action for the official ending of the site license in the case that no activities remain that use NORM or produce TENORM. Radiological characterization is also recommended in the case that the property changes of ownership. The characterization gives the new owner the security that there are no spots left with NORM or TENORM above existing governmental limits. While the advantage for the former owner is that no financial funds have to be reserved for an eventual contamination of a non localized spot with NORM or TENORM that supersedes existing governmental limits. In The Netherlands experience has been gained with the radiological characterization, decommissioning and remediation of non-nuclear industrial sites. Used methods will be presented and especially the process of radiological characterization and the definitions of selection and action criteria including motivations.
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Cozma, Antoanela, Maria Rada, Ariana Velciov, Casiana Mihut und Anisoara Duma Copcea. „RESEARCH REGARDING THE USE OF EGGSHELLS POWDER FOR SOILS REHABILITATION CONTAMINATED WITH CD AND PB“. In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s18.09.
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Eggshells are one of the widely used by-products in the food processing and manufacturing industries. Due to the increased content of minerals, especially calcium and magnesium and less trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper), chicken eggshell waste can be used in many agricultural activities as a mineral fertilizer, as an additive for improving the physical parameters of the soil, or reducing the accessibility of lead and cadmium from soils polluted with heavy metals, as a substitute for natural calcium carbonate or as a nutritional improver in animal feed. The purpose of this paper was to characterize the eggshell waste resulting from household activities of food preparation and their use for the regeneration of the acid soils contaminated with heavy metals. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of eggshells as a material for blocking lead and cadmium in acidic soils contaminated with heavy metals. The use of eggshells in agricultural soil rehabilitation activities contributes both to increasing soil fertility and can also be an effective way of neutralize eggshell waste from agro-industrial activities. It can be also said that chicken eggshell powder can be recommended both as an organic fertilizer, which increases the mineral intake of plants, and as a soil stabilizer, improving plant health.
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Boda, Gherghina. „Romanian national heritage at the universal exhibition in Barcelona (1929)“. In Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.05.
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Since the 18th century, universal exhibitions have undergone a wide development, each aiming to bring to the public’s attention not only the most special and innovative exhibits but, at the organizational level, the most varied and unique attractions, usually the latest technical innovations or using what is already known in a whole new way. Romania was one of the participating countries, the inauguration of the Romanian Pavilion in Barcelona, on an area of 400 square meters, taking place on October 4, 1929, in the presence of King Alfonso XIII of Spain. Th e layout of the Pavilion provided for two major groups: a cultural one and an economic one, with sections dedicated to peasant art, modern painting and sculpture, decorative art, household industries. Following the judging, the products on display, received 62 Grand Prix, 51 honorary diplomas, 49 gold medals, 14 silver medals, 8 bronze medals and 21 collaborator diplomas. Th is shows the special value of the exhibits, as well as the international recognition of the national art and economy.
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Weaver, Bryn M., und Harsha Wickramasinghe. „Dendro: Biomass Power From, By, and For the People of Sri Lanka“. In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99068.
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Sri Lanka’s power crisis presents considerable challenges and opportunities as attempts are made to electrify the remaining 30% of non-grid connected areas and generate reliable power in a sustainable manner. Fifty percent of the energy needs in the country are being met with biomass, 70% of these are domestic rural users. Meeting Sri Lanka’s ever-growing electricity demand with fossil fuel imports is siphoning off 30% of export earnings annually. Biomass based electricity generation, commonly referred to as dendro power, has emerged as the most sustainable option in Sri Lanka to meet spiking demand. The Sri Lankan government’s Inter-Ministerial Working Committee (IMWC) on Electricity Generation from Biomass through Dendro Thermal Technology has developed a dendro thermal program whose salient feature is to add 100 MW of dendro capacity to the grid by 2010. Energy plantations of the woody plant, Gliricidia sepium, would extend over 200,000 hectares of land currently considered to be waste cropland. Income opportunities are expected for 100,000 families if the program is successful. Dendro, as a carbon-neutral source, offers a dual-purpose vehicle for rural citizens to be benefited with income and energy. The dendro program aims to supply grid, off-grid, rural industrial and household energy. This national program could result in significant environmental benefits, opportunities for poverty alleviation and support mechanisms for traditional rural industries. This report is a summary of IMWC’s Dendro Thermal Program, focusing on income avenues and economic impacts.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Household industries"
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Kikkawa, Aiko, Raymond Gaspar, Kijin Kim, Mahinthan J. Mariasingham und Christian Marvin Zamora. Measuring the Contribution of International Remittances to Household Expenditures and Economic Output: A Micro–Macro Analysis for the Philippines. Asian Development Bank, Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps240025-2.
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This study assesses the simultaneous contribution of international remittance income reported by recipient households to the overall economy of the Philippines by integrating micro data and macro simulation based on an input–output framework. It finds that remittance-driven household expenditures and investments contributed 3.5% of the country’s total output, 3.4% of the gross domestic product, and 3.7% of the total employment in 2018. Industries that received the bulk of remittances in the form of final consumption are manufacturing, agriculture, and wholesale and retail trade.
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Shinkai, Naoko. Does the Stopler-Samuelson Theorem Explain the Movement in Wages?: The Linkage between Trade and Wages in Latin American Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011323.
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Stolper-Samuelson (SS) and Specific-Factors (SF) versions make opposite predictions about the correlation between prices and wages of certain types of workers (specific factors in industries) when they are not used intensively. The analysis in this paper provides evidence that may allow one to distinguish empirically between these two versions of the HO model, using wage data from household surveys in several Latin American countries Bolivia, Mexico, and Venezuela.
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Chepeliev, Maksym. Development of the Air Pollution Database for the GTAP 10A Data Base. GTAP Research Memoranda, Juni 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm33.
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The purpose of this note is to document data sources and steps used to develop the air pollution database for the GTAP Data Base Version 10A. Emissions for nine substances are reported in the database: black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), organic carbon (OC), particulate matter 10 (PM10), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The dataset covers four reference years – 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014. EDGAR Version 5.0 database is used as the main data source. To assist with emissions redistribution across consumption-based sources, IIASA GAINS-based model and IPCC-derived emission factors are applied. Each emission flow is associated with one of the four sets of emission drivers: output by industries, endowment by industries, input use by industries and household consumption. In addition, emissions from land use activities (biomass burning) are estimated by land cover types. These emissions are reported separately without association with emission drivers.
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Sajjanhar, Anuradha, und Denzil Mohammed. Immigrant Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Immigrant Learning Center Inc., Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54843/dpe8f2.
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The COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone in the United States, and essential workers across industries like health care, agriculture, retail, transportation and food supply were key to our survival. Immigrants, overrepresented in essential industries but largely invisible in the public eye, were critical to our ability to weather the pandemic and recover from it. But who are they? How did they do the riskiest of jobs in the riskiest of times? And how were both U.S.-born and foreign-born residents affected? This report explores the crucial contributions of immigrant essential workers, their impact on the lives of those around them, and how they were affected by the pandemic, public sentiment and policies. It further explores the contradiction of immigrants being essential to all of our well-being yet denied benefits, protections and rights given to most others. The pandemic revealed the significant value of immigrant essential workers to the health of all Americans. This report places renewed emphasis on their importance to national well-being. The report first provides a demographic picture of foreign-born workers in key industries during the pandemic using U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) data. Part I then gives a detailed narrative of immigrants’ experiences and contributions to the country’s perseverance during the pandemic based on interviews with immigrant essential workers in California, Minnesota and Texas, as well as with policy experts and community organizers from across the country. Interviewees include: ■ A food packing worker from Mexico who saw posters thanking doctors and grocery workers but not those like her working in the fields. ■ A retail worker from Argentina who refused the vaccine due to mistrust of the government. ■ A worker in a check cashing store from Eritrea who felt a “responsibility to be able to take care of people” lining up to pay their bills. Part II examines how federal and state policies, as well as increased public recognition of the value of essential workers, failed to address the needs and concerns of immigrants and their families. Both foreign-born and U.S.-born people felt the consequences. Policies kept foreign-trained health care workers out of hospitals when intensive care units were full. They created food and household supply shortages resulting in empty grocery shelves. They denied workplace protections to those doing the riskiest jobs during a crisis. While legislation and programs made some COVID-19 relief money available, much of it failed to reach the immigrant essential workers most in need. Part II also offers several examples of local and state initiatives that stepped in to remedy this. By looking more deeply at the crucial role of immigrant essential workers and the policies that affect them, this report offers insight into how the nation can better respond to the next public health crisis.
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Mbabzi, Kikundwa Emma. Standardisation of Staff Training to Increase Efficiency. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317427.
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In any industry or organization, personnel training is emphasized with reference to National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) guidelines and other globally accepted guidelines. In spite of many refresher training programs, the pharmaceutical industry still faces significant variations in individual/ team efficiency and productivity. Individuals/teams given the same task, SOPs, environment and materials continue to produce significantly different results reflecting the possibility of operating on different sets of theoretical and practical information, which may stem from differing trainer, training program or training method. This study focused on using a standardized manual for training two teams A and B involved in vaccine production, as a tool to increase employee efficiency, productivity and quality, at a Livestock vaccine manufacturing company, with an objective to shorten the supply chain of vaccines (starting with Newcastle disease vaccine I-2 strain) to improve product quality, availability and affordability up to rural household level and back yard farmers. Baseline data was collected from four pre-training production batches and compared with data collected from three post-training production batches. The results showed that a tailored standardized training was effective in achieving the same level of efficiency, regardless of how late or soon the member joined the facility, and who conducted the training. The process of training staff, using a company tailored standardized manual, was shown to be successful within this company’s set up and could potentially be applied to other industries that are struggling with implementation of uniform information to their staff.
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Rojas-Suárez, Liliana, und Steven R. Weisbrod. Financial Markets and the Behavior of Private Savings in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, Januar 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011594.
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This paper complements previous studies by arguing that the low private savings ratio in Latin America can be associated with the limited confidence of households and businesses in domestic financial institutions. Previous studies have established a relationship between private savings and financial markets either by using a measure of 'financial depth' or a measure of 'borrowing constraints.' This paper offers an alternative view by claiming that the private savings rate relates positively to the confidence of the private sector in the strength of the financial system and that the latter concept can be approximated by the ratio of corporate demand for bank liquid assets. Latin American countries have lower private savings rates than other developing and most industrial countries. They also display the highest corporate to household bank deposit ratios among the three groups of countries considered here. Further, the ratio of corporate to household deposit holdings is strongly correlated with other indicators of banking system fragility.
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Tapia, Carlos, und Nora Sanchez Gassen. What impact do climate change policies have on Nordic economies, industries, and households? Nordregio, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:10.1403-2503.
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This report is the first out of four reports of the project “Ensuring inclusive economic growth in the transition to a green economy (EnIGG)”. The EnIGG project is a cross-sectoral project initiated and financed by the Nordic Council of Ministers and coordinated by Nordregio. It aims to increase knowledge on how to strengthen the Nordic economies in a challenging context and accelerate the green transition towards a climate-neutral economy while ensuring that these processes are inclusive. The research for this report was conducted by researchers from Victoria University (Australia), Merit Economics (Finland) and Nordregio, with contributions from the Centre for Regional & Tourism Research (Denmark) and Reykjavik University (Iceland). The report analyses the impact of selected climate policy measures on Nordic economies, industries, and households.
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Lazonick, William. Investing in Innovation: A Policy Framework for Attaining Sustainable Prosperity in the United States. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp182.
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“Sustainable prosperity” denotes an economy that generates stable and equitable growth for a large and growing middle class. From the 1940s into the 1970s, the United States appeared to be on a trajectory of sustainable prosperity, especially for white-male members of the U.S. labor force. Since the 1980s, however, an increasing proportion of the U.S labor force has experienced unstable employment and inequitable income, while growing numbers of the business firms upon which they rely for employment have generated anemic productivity growth. Stable and equitable growth requires innovative enterprise. The essence of innovative enterprise is investment in productive capabilities that can generate higher-quality, lower-cost goods and services than those previously available. The innovative enterprise tends to be a business firm—a unit of strategic control that, by selling products, must make profits over time to survive. In a modern society, however, business firms are not alone in making investments in the productive capabilities required to generate innovative goods and services. Household units and government agencies also make investments in productive capabilities upon which business firms rely for their own investment activities. When they work in a harmonious fashion, these three types of organizations—household units, government agencies, and business firms—constitute “the investment triad.” The Biden administration’s Build Back Better agenda to restore sustainable prosperity in the United States focuses on investment in productive capabilities by two of the three types of organizations in the triad: government agencies, implementing the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and household units, implementing the yet-to-be-passed American Families Act. Absent, however, is a policy agenda to encourage and enable investment in innovation by business firms. This gaping lacuna is particularly problematic because many of the largest industrial corporations in the United States place a far higher priority on distributing the contents of the corporate treasury to shareholders in the form of cash dividends and stock buybacks for the sake of higher stock yields than on investing in the productive capabilities of their workforces for the sake of innovation. Based on analyzes of the “financialization” of major U.S. business corporations, I argue that, unless Build Back Better includes an effective policy agenda to encourage and enable corporate investment in innovation, the Biden administration’s program for attaining stable and equitable growth will fail. Drawing on the experience of the U.S. economy over the past seven decades, I summarize how the United States moved toward stable and equitable growth from the late 1940s through the 1970s under a “retain-and-reinvest” resource-allocation regime at major U.S. business firms. Companies retained a substantial portion of their profits to reinvest in productive capabilities, including those of career employees. In contrast, since the early 1980s, under a “downsize-and-distribute” corporate resource-allocation regime, unstable employment, inequitable income, and sagging productivity have characterized the U.S. economy. In transition from retain-and-reinvest to downsize-and-distribute, many of the largest, most powerful corporations have adopted a “dominate-and-distribute” resource-allocation regime: Based on the innovative capabilities that they have previously developed, these companies dominate market segments of their industries but prioritize shareholders in corporate resource allocation. The practice of open-market share repurchases—aka stock buybacks—at major U.S. business corporations has been central to the dominate-and-distribute and downsize-and-distribute regimes. Since the mid-1980s, stock buybacks have become the prime mode for the legalized looting of the business corporation. I call this looting process “predatory value extraction” and contend that it is the fundamental cause of the increasing concentration of income among the richest household units and the erosion of middle-class employment opportunities for most other Americans. I conclude the paper by outlining a policy framework that could stop the looting of the business corporation and put in place social institutions that support sustainable prosperity. The agenda includes a ban on stock buybacks done as open-market repurchases, radical changes in incentives for senior corporate executives, representation of workers and taxpayers as directors on corporate boards, reform of the tax system to reward innovation and penalize financialization, and, guided by the investment-triad framework, government programs to support “collective and cumulative careers” of members of the U.S. labor force. Sustained investment in human capabilities by the investment triad, including business firms, would make it possible for an ever-increasing portion of the U.S. labor force to engage in the productive careers that underpin upward socioeconomic mobility, which would be manifested by a growing, robust, and hopeful American middle class.
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Chepeliev, Maksym. Development of the Non-CO2 GHG Emissions Database for the GTAP 10A Data Base. GTAP Research Memoranda, März 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm32.
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The purpose of this note is to document data sources and steps used to develop the non-CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions database for the GTAP Data Base Version 10A. Emissions are reported for three types of non-CO2 GHGs – CH4 (methane), N2O (nitrous oxide) and the group of fluorinated gases (F-gases), and cover four reference years – 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014. FAOSTAT dataset is used for sourcing agricultural non-CO2 emissions, EDGAR v5.0 and v4.2 databases are used to source non-agricultural emissions. Each emission flow is associated with one of the four sets of emission drivers: output by industries, endowment by industries, input use by industries and consumption by households.
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Collado Van-Baumberghen, Natalia, Pedro Linares Llamas und Ángel Martínez Jorge. What will be the effect in Spain of the new EU emissions tax on imports? Esade EcPol, Juni 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56269/20230606/ncv.
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The EU has adopted a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) that taxes imported products according to their emissions. Despite its importance in aligning incentives for decarbonisation between the European and global levels, it carries a double risk: reducing the competitiveness of European exports and raising the prices paid by consumers within the EU. In this policy brief we analyse both issues for Spain, noting that the most affected sectors would be the automotive and metalworking industries. For the agri-food industry, despite being another of the leading sectors in our international trade, the effect would be more moderate. Finally, the impact on households would be small and slightly progressive, with higher-income households, especially those in rural areas, facing higher costs.